Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 52 in total

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  1. Ab Kahar MEPI, Muhammed J, Hitam WHW, Husin A
    Turk J Ophthalmol, 2020 12 29;50(6):371-376.
    PMID: 33389938 DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2020.83873
    Bartonella henselae is a recognized cause of neuroretinitis in cat scratch disease. Meanwhile, polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, skin changes (POEMS) syndrome with Castleman disease (evidence of lymph node hyperplasia), is a chronic debilitating condition that predisposes to various superimposed infections. B. henselae neuroretinitis implicated in POEMS syndrome has not been reported previously. A 34-year-old asymptomatic man was referred for an eye assessment. Examination showed visual acuity of 6/18 in the right eye and 6/24 in the left eye. On fundus examination, both eyes exhibited typical features of neuroretinitis (optic disc swelling and incomplete macular star). There was otherwise no vitritis or chorioretinitis. Serology for B. henselae revealed high immunoglobulin M (IgM) titer (1:96) indicative of acute disease, and positive immunoglobulin G (IgG) (1:156). He was treated with oral azithromycin for 6 weeks and a short course of oral prednisolone. Subsequently, the visual acuity in both eyes improved with resolution of macular star. However, both optic discs remained swollen.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Bacterial/complications; Eye Infections, Bacterial/diagnosis*; Eye Infections, Bacterial/microbiology
  2. Abu Talib DN, Yong MH, Nasaruddin RA, Che-Hamzah J, Bastion MC
    Medicine (Baltimore), 2021 Apr 09;100(14):e25459.
    PMID: 33832156 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000025459
    RATIONALE: Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis (EFE) is a sight-threatening complication of systemic fungemia. As the prevalence rises, treatment remains a challenge especially when there is a failure in first-line treatment or drug-resistant fungus. This case report studies a case of chronic EFE, focusing on the diagnostic procedures, treatment options, monitoring parameters and the treatment outcome.

    PATIENT CONCERNS: A 64-year-old man with underlying well controlled diabetes mellitus was treated with 2 weeks' course of intravenous antifungal fluconazole for pyelonephritis as his blood culture grew Candida albicans. Concurrently, he complained of 3 months of bilateral painless progressive blurring of vision. At presentation, his visual acuity (VA) was light perception both eyes. Ocular examination revealed non granulomatous inflammation with dense vitritis of both eyes.

    DIAGNOSIS: He was diagnosed with EFE but the condition responded poorly with the medications.

    INTERVENTIONS: He was treated with intravitreal (IVT) amphotericin B and fluconazole was continued. Vitrectomy was performed and intraoperative findings included bilateral fungal balls in the vitreous and retina with foveal traction in the left eye. Postoperatively, vision acuity was 6/24, N8 right eye and 2/60, N unable for left eye with extensive left macular scar and hole. Vitreous cultures were negative. He received multiple IVT amphotericin B and was started on topical steroid eye drops for persistent panuveitis with systemic fluconazole. Ocular improvement was seen after switching to IVT and topical voriconazole. Despite this, his ocular condition deteriorated and he developed neovascular glaucoma requiring 3 topical antiglaucoma agents. Panretinal photocoagulation was subsequently performed.

    OUTCOMES: At 3 months' follow-up, his vision acuity remained at 6/24 for right eye and 2/60 for the left eye. There was no recurrence of inflammation or infection in both eyes.

    LESSONS: Voriconazole could serve as a promising broad spectrum tri-azole agent in cases of failure in first-line treatment or drug-resistant fungus.

    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Fungal/diagnosis*; Eye Infections, Fungal/therapy*
  3. Adam Zafdri Md Zali, Rashidah Iberahim
    MyJurnal
    Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are types of bacteria known to cause bacterial keratitis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes bacterial keratitis by adhering to the surface of the contact lenses, when the P. aeruginosa are in contact with the eye, resulting in infectious keratitis. As for Staphylococcus aureus, when there is a predisposing factor such as wearing expired or extended use of contact lenses (contact lenses that can be used continually for up to one week even while sleeping) weaken the individual defences and leads to the development of bacterial keratitis. Both bacteria are capable to infect eye cornea and lead to bacterial keratitis through contact lenses wearer. The findings of this study provide information on the importance of routine practices in handling contact lenses to help reduce the incidence of bacterial keratitis caused by wear contact lenses in an individual. The side effect of wearing contact lenses such as redness of the eye and keratitis due to the infection by pathogenic bacteria which comes from the behavior and low hygiene level management of individual had led the study to create awareness to contact lenses wearer. In this study, 25 soft and hard contact lenses with purposed for colored or toric contact lenses were obtained among UiTM Negeri Sembilan students. The users required to answer the questionnaire form regarding the type, behavior, and routine practices of their contact lenses. Pathogenic bacteria were isolated using the cotton swab technique and cultured on nutrient broth. The streak technique was used to cultured bacteria from broth to nutrient agar, blood agar, and MacConkey agar. Later, the identification of bacteria was carried out using biochemical tests and microscopic observation. From the laboratory results, 84% of the tested contact lenses contained pathogenic bacteria on their surface. These findings concluded that the presences of pathogenic microorganisms on the contact lenses used closely related to the behavior in handling and hygenic practices level by the contact lenses users.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Bacterial
  4. Alhady M, Zabri K, Chua CN
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Aug;63(3):269-70.
    PMID: 19248710
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Parasitic/diagnosis*; Eye Infections, Parasitic/surgery
  5. Aryasit O, Ng DS, Goh ASC, Woo KI, Kim YD
    BMC Ophthalmol, 2016 Jul 07;16:94.
    PMID: 27387333 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-016-0287-0
    BACKGROUND: Porous polyethylene implants are commonly used in orbital blowout fracture repair because of purported biocompatibility, durability, and low frequency of complications. Delayed inflammation related to porous polyethylene sheet implants is very rare and no case series of this condition have been reported.

    CASE PRESENTATION: This is a retrospective review of clinical presentations, radiographic findings, histopathological findings, treatments, and outcomes of patients who developed delayed complications in orbital blowout fracture repair using porous polyethylene sheets. Four male patients were included with a mean age of 49 years (range 35-69 years). Blowout fracture repair was complicated with implant-related inflammation 10 months, 2 years, 3 years, and 8 years after surgery. Chronic and subacute orbital inflammatory signs were noted in two patients and acute fulminant orbital inflammation was found in two patients. Three patients developed peri-implant abscesses and one patient had a soft tissue mass around the implant. All patients underwent implant removal and two of these patients with paranasal sinusitis had sinus surgery. Histopathological findings revealed chronic inflammatory changes with fibrosis, and one patient had foreign body granuloma with culture positive Staphylococcus aureus.

    CONCLUSIONS: Delayed complications with porous polyethylene sheets used in orbital blowout fracture repair may occur many years following the initial surgery in immunocompetent patients. Low-grade or fulminant inflammation could complicate blowout fracture repair related with the implant.

    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Bacterial/etiology
  6. Azira NM, Zeehaida M
    Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2011 Apr;1(2):164-5.
    PMID: 23569750 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60018-X
    Ocular toxocariasis is prevalent among children. The symptoms and signs may mimic other ocular pathologies such as malignancies and other infectious diseases (such as toxoplasmosis and syphilis). We presented a case of progressive blurring of vision in a single eye of a 9-year-old boy. The presence of anti-toxocara antibody in serum samples helps to confirmation the diagnosis in our patient. Despite of treatment, the boy had lost his vision on the affected eye.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Parasitic/immunology; Eye Infections, Parasitic/parasitology*
  7. Chen KJ, Chou HD, Teh WM
    Ophthalmol Retina, 2019 10;3(10):887.
    PMID: 31585711 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2019.05.023
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Fungal/diagnosis*; Eye Infections, Fungal/microbiology
  8. Chendran P, Seng Fai T, Wan Abdul Halim WH, Md Din N
    J Glaucoma, 2019 10;28(10):e162-e164.
    PMID: 31368915 DOI: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000001334
    Ocular pyogenic granuloma is a benign tumor seen after ocular insult secondary to ocular surgeries, trauma or infection. Although benign, intervention is sometimes necessary. Previous authors have reported pyogenic granuloma formation following oculoplastic surgeries. We report a pyogenic granuloma after an Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation. A 65-year-old gentleman presented with right eye redness associated with pain and swelling ~2 months after Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation. Examination found a sessile growth on the tube extruding puss with signs of endophthalmitis. The glaucoma drainage device was explanted and culture results grew Staphylococcus aureus. This article discusses the formation of pyogenic granuloma on a glaucoma drainage device and its management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Bacterial/diagnosis; Eye Infections, Bacterial/drug therapy; Eye Infections, Bacterial/microbiology*
  9. Chew FL, Soong TK, Shin HC, Samsudin A, Visvaraja S
    J Ocul Pharmacol Ther, 2010 Apr;26(2):219-22.
    PMID: 20415627 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2009.0077
    To report the treatment of therapy-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis with topical piperacillin/tazobactam.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Bacterial/drug therapy*; Eye Infections, Bacterial/physiopathology
  10. Chew FLM, Subrayan V, Chong PP, Goh MC, Ng KP
    Jpn. J. Ophthalmol., 2009 Nov;53(6):657-659.
    PMID: 20020251 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-009-0722-3
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Fungal/diagnosis; Eye Infections, Fungal/drug therapy; Eye Infections, Fungal/microbiology*
  11. Chin CY, Jalil J, Ng PY, Ng SF
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2018 Feb 15;212:188-199.
    PMID: 29080829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.016
    ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: M.oleifera is a medicinal plant traditionally used for skin sores, sore throat and eye infections. Recently, the wound healing property of the leaves of M. oleifera was has been well demonstrated experimentally in both in vivo and in vitro models. However, there is a lack of research which focuses on formulating M.oleifera into a functional wound dressing. In this study, the M.oleifera leaf standardized aqueous extract with highest potency in vitro migration was formulated into a film for wound healing application.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Firstly, M. oleifera leaf were extracted in various solvents (aqueous, 50%, 70% and 100% ethanolic extracts) and standardized by reference standards using UHPLC technique. The extracts were then tested for cell migration and proliferation using HDF and HEK cell lines. M. oleifera leaf aqueous extract was then incorporated into alginate-pectin (SA-PC) based film dressing. The film dressings were characterized for the physicochemical properties and the bioactives release from the M. oleifera leaf extract loaded film dressing was also investigated using Franz diffusion cells.

    RESULTS: All extracts were found to contain vicenin-2, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, quercetin, kaempferol, rosmarinic acid and rutin. Among all M. oleifera extracts, aqueous standardized leaf extracts showed the highest human dermal fibroblast and human keratinocytes cells proliferation and migration properties. Among the film formulations, SA-PC (3% w/v) composite film dressing containing M. oleifera aqueous leaf extract was found to possess optimal physicochemical properties as wound dressing.

    CONCLUSION: A potentially applicable wound dressing formulated as an alginate-pectin film containing aqueous extracts of M. oleifera has been developed. The dressing would be suitable for wounds with moderate exudates.

    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections
  12. Chitamparam S, Lim TH, Tai E, Ibrahim M
    Turk J Ophthalmol, 2020 12 29;50(6):332-338.
    PMID: 33389932 DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2020.57609
    Objectives: To identify the clinical profile, etiology, and outcome of culture-positive mycotic keratitis in a tertiary referral centre in the Northeastern part of Malaysia.

    Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of all patients with culture-positive mycotic keratitis in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia over a 3-year period, from January 2015 to December 2017.

    Results: This study included 27 eyes of 27 patients treated for mycotic keratitis based on a positive fungal culture. The most common predisposing factor was ocular trauma, in 22 patients (81.5%). Eleven patients (40.7%) had a presenting visual acuity worse than 6/60, due to central ulcer involvement. Approximately half of these (6 patients) experienced visual improvement post-treatment. Fusarium spp. was the most common fungus isolated (37%), followed by non-sporulating fungi and Curvularia spp. Three patients (7.4%) had corneal microperforations, which healed after gluing and bandage contact lens application. One patient (3.7%) required tectonic penetrating keratoplasty and 1 patient (3.7%) underwent evisceration. The final visual acuity was 6/18 or better in approximately half (14 patients) of our cohort and worse than 3/60 in approximately 20% (5 patients).

    Conclusion: Mycotic keratitis occurred mainly in males and secondary to ocular trauma. The most common organism isolated was Fusarium spp. Although treatment may improve vision, the visual outcome is guarded.

    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Fungal/diagnosis; Eye Infections, Fungal/microbiology; Eye Infections, Fungal/epidemiology*
  13. Chong PP, Tung CH, Rahman NA, Yajima M, Chin FW, Yeng CL, et al.
    Acta Ophthalmol, 2014 Nov;92(7):e569-79.
    PMID: 25043991 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12427
    The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in primary and recurrent pterygia samples collected from different ethnic groups in the equatorial Malay Peninsula.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Viral/ethnology; Eye Infections, Viral/virology*
  14. Dissanaike AS, Abeyewickreme W, Wijesundera MD, Weerasooriya MV, Ismail MM
    Parassitologia, 1997 Dec;39(4):375-82.
    PMID: 9802095
    Human dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens is a common zoonotic infection in Sri Lanka. Todate 70 cases are on record, and they include 3 expatriates from Russia, England and Korea, who were undoubtedly infected in Sri Lanka. Around 30-60% of dogs are infected with D. repens in various parts of the country and the mosquito vectors are Aedes aegypti, Armigeres subalbatus, Mansonia uniformis and M. annulifera. Unlike in other countries of the old world infection is most common in children under the age of 9 years, the youngest being 4 months old and the scrotum, penis and perianal regions of male children appear to be frequent sites for the worms. Dirofilaria (Dirofilaria) immitis is not present in Sri Lanka though it is present in neighbouring countries like India, and Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Parasitic/epidemiology; Eye Infections, Parasitic/parasitology; Eye Infections, Parasitic/pathology
  15. Embong Z, Wan Hitam WH, Yean CY, Rashid NH, Kamarudin B, Abidin SK, et al.
    BMC Ophthalmol, 2008;8:7.
    PMID: 18445283 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-8-7
    The sensitivity and specificity of 18S rRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the detection of fungal aetiology of microbial keratitis was determined in thirty patients with clinical diagnosis of microbial keratitis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Fungal/diagnosis*
  16. Fadzillah MT, Ishak SR, Ibrahim M
    Case Rep Ophthalmol Med, 2013;2013:413953.
    PMID: 23509650 DOI: 10.1155/2013/413953
    Aim. To report a case of refractory fungal keratitis caused by Scedosporium apiospermum. Methods. Interventional case report. Results. A 47-year-old Malay housewife presented with left eye cornea ulcer as her first presentation of diabetes mellitus. There was no history of ocular trauma, contact lens used, or cornea foreign body. Scedosporium apiospermum was isolated from the cornea scrapping. Her cornea ulcer initially responded well to topical Amphotericin B within 3 days but subsequently worsened. Repeat cornea scrapping also yields Scedosporium apiospermum. This refractory keratitis was successfully treated with a combination of topical Amphotericin B and Voriconazole over 6 weeks. Conclusion. Scedosporium apiospermum keratitis is an opportunistic infection, which is difficult to treat despite tight control of diabetes mellitus and intensive antifungal treatment. The infection appeared to have very quick onset but needed long duration of treatment to completely heal. Surgical debridement always plays an important role as a therapeutic procedure as well as establishes the diagnosis through repeat scrapping.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Fungal
  17. Fathilah J, Choo MM
    Med J Malaysia, 2003 Aug;58(3):437-9.
    PMID: 14750386
    A patient with ocular syphilis is presented. She experienced deterioration in vision following the commencement of treatment due to a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction. This is a transient febrile illness that can occur in patients after the first adequate dose of an anti-microbial drug to treat infectious diseases such as syphilis, Lyme disease and relapsing fever. However, a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction occurring in a patient receiving treatment for ocular syphilis can be serious, resulting in the rapid loss of vision.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Bacterial/drug therapy*
  18. Gharamah AA, Moharram AM, Ismail MA, Al-Hussaini AK
    Indian J Ophthalmol, 2014 Feb;62(2):196-203.
    PMID: 24008795 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.116463
    This work was conducted to study the ability of bacterial and fungal isolates from keratitis cases in Upper Egypt to produce enzymes, toxins, and to test the isolated fungal species sensitivity to some therapeutic agents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Bacterial/drug therapy; Eye Infections, Bacterial/microbiology; Eye Infections, Bacterial/epidemiology*; Eye Infections, Fungal/drug therapy; Eye Infections, Fungal/microbiology; Eye Infections, Fungal/epidemiology*
  19. Han Shu T, Hussein A, Kursiah MR
    Cureus, 2019 Sep 05;11(9):e5580.
    PMID: 31695999 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5580
    A 30-year-old Bangladeshi gentleman presented with history of sand entering his left eye and was diagnosed as having fungal keratitis by private ophthalmologist. He was treated with three doses of conventional subconjunctival amphotericin B injections (1.5 mg of amphotericin B and 1.2 mg of deoxycholate) over the inferior bulbar conjunctiva and topical antibiotics. Subsequently, he developed conjunctival necrosis over the site of injections and there was no clinical improvement of the keratitis. He was then treated with intensive antifungal and antibiotics eye drops. Debridement of epithelial plug was done and he was given intracameral amphotericin B injection. There was gradual improvement observed then with conjunctival epithelialization. The conjunctival tissue was completely healed after three months along with the corneal ulcer. Subconjunctival injection of Amphotericin B (AMB) may be considered as an adjunct therapy in severe fungal keratitis to address the issue of compliance. Close monitoring is needed due to its known complication of scleritis, scleral thinning and conjunctival necrosis. Liposomal AMB which is known to cause less toxicity given via subconjunctival injection in human subjects needs to be further studied.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Fungal
  20. Ho HC, Liew OH, Teh SS, Hanizasurana H, Ibrahim M, Shatriah I
    Clin Ophthalmol, 2015;9:553-6.
    PMID: 25848206 DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S82204
    Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is an uncommon but fatal fungal infection. We report a rare case of unilateral ROCM with ipsilateral central retinal artery occlusion and contralateral choroiditis, which later progressed to endogenous fungal endophthalmitis. The patient was successfully treated with sinuses debridement, systemic liposomal amphotericin B, and intravitreal amphotericin B. The endophthalmitis completely resolved with good vision, but the ROCM eye remained blind due to central retinal artery occlusion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Fungal
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