Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 52 in total

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  1. Chong PP, Tung CH, Rahman NA, Yajima M, Chin FW, Yeng CL, et al.
    Acta Ophthalmol, 2014 Nov;92(7):e569-79.
    PMID: 25043991 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12427
    The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in primary and recurrent pterygia samples collected from different ethnic groups in the equatorial Malay Peninsula.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Viral/ethnology; Eye Infections, Viral/virology*
  2. Kusrini E, Sabira K, Hashim F, Abdullah NA, Usman A, Putra N, et al.
    Acta Ophthalmol, 2021 Mar;99(2):e178-e188.
    PMID: 32701190 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14541
    PURPOSE: Contact lenses have direct contact with the corneal surface and can induce sight-threatening infection of the cornea known as Acanthamoeba keratitis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dysprosium-based nanoparticles (Dy-based NPs), namely Fe3 O4 -PEG-Dy2 O3 nanocomposites and Dy(OH)3 nanorods, as an active component against Acanthamoeba sp., as well as the possibility of their loading onto contact lenses as the drug administering vehicle to treat Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK).

    METHODS: The Dy-based NPs were synthesized, and they were loaded onto commercial contact lenses. The loading content of the NPs and their release kinetics was determined based on the absorbance of their colloidal solution before and after soaking the contact lenses. The cytotoxicity of the NPs was evaluated, and the IC50 values of their antiamoebic activity against Acanthamoeba sp. were determined by MTT colorimetric assay, followed by observation on the morphological changes by using light microscopy. The mechanism of action of the Dy-based NPs against Acanthamoeba sp. was evaluated by DNA laddering assays.

    RESULTS: The loading efficiencies of the Dy-based NPs onto the contact lens were in the range of 30.6-36.1% with respect to their initial concentration (0.5 mg ml-1 ). The Dy NPs were released with the flux approximately 5.5-11 μg cm-2  hr-1 , and the release was completed within 10 hr. The emission of the NPs consistently showed a peak at 575 nm due to Dy3+ ion, offering the possible monitoring and tracking of the NPs. The SEM images indicated the NPs are aggregated on the surface of the contact lenses. The DNA ladder assay suggested that the cells underwent DNA fragmentation, and the cell death was due most probably to necrosis, rather than apoptosis. The cytotoxicity assay of Acanthamoeba sp. suggested that Fe3 O4 -PEG, Fe3 O4 -PEG-Dy2 O3 , Dy(NO3 )3 .6H2 O and Dy(OH)3 NPs have an antiamoebic activity with the IC50 value being 4.5, 5.0, 9.5 and 22.5 μg ml-1 , respectively.

    CONCLUSIONS: Overall findings in this study suggested that the Dy-based NPs can be considered as active antiamoebic agents and possess the potential as drugs against Acanthamoeba sp. The NPs could be loaded onto the contact lenses; thus, they can be potentially utilized to treat Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK).

    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Bacterial/microbiology; Eye Infections, Bacterial/pathology; Eye Infections, Bacterial/prevention & control*
  3. Reddy SC, Tajunisah I
    Ann Ophthalmol (Skokie), 2008;40(1):39-44.
    PMID: 18556981
    Fifty-six contact lens-related corneal ulcers (central in 32; hypopyon in 24 and stromal abscess in 6) were studied. Culture was positive in 78.9%. Corneal ulcers healed with intense antibiotic therapy in nearly all patients. Increased awareness of lens care/disinfection and frequent replacement of storage cases and solution, and early detection of pathogens and intensive appropriate antibiotic therapy are key points in management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Bacterial/drug therapy; Eye Infections, Bacterial/microbiology*
  4. Tajunisah I, Reddy SC
    Ann Ophthalmol (Skokie), 2007;39(1):57-62.
    PMID: 17914207
    We report a case of unilateral acute retinal necrosis (ARN) with marked vitritis and retinal necrosis leading to retinal breaks following chicken pox successfully treated with intravenous acyclovir followed by oral acyclovir, orbital floor triamcinolone injections to contain the inflammation, and barrier laser therapy to secure the retinal breaks with good visual outcome. This case is unusual in its severity and the novel use orbital floor triamcinolone therapy to contain ARN inflammation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Viral/diagnosis; Eye Infections, Viral/etiology; Eye Infections, Viral/virology
  5. Azira NM, Zeehaida M
    Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2011 Apr;1(2):164-5.
    PMID: 23569750 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60018-X
    Ocular toxocariasis is prevalent among children. The symptoms and signs may mimic other ocular pathologies such as malignancies and other infectious diseases (such as toxoplasmosis and syphilis). We presented a case of progressive blurring of vision in a single eye of a 9-year-old boy. The presence of anti-toxocara antibody in serum samples helps to confirmation the diagnosis in our patient. Despite of treatment, the boy had lost his vision on the affected eye.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Parasitic/immunology; Eye Infections, Parasitic/parasitology*
  6. Kah TA, Yong KC, Rahman RA
    BMC Ophthalmol, 2011;11:30.
    PMID: 22044440 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-11-30
    To report a case of disseminated fusariosis with endogenous endophthalmitis in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Transfusion-associated immune modulation secondary to platelet transfusion could play an important role in the pathophysiology of this case.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Fungal/etiology*
  7. Embong Z, Wan Hitam WH, Yean CY, Rashid NH, Kamarudin B, Abidin SK, et al.
    BMC Ophthalmol, 2008;8:7.
    PMID: 18445283 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-8-7
    The sensitivity and specificity of 18S rRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the detection of fungal aetiology of microbial keratitis was determined in thirty patients with clinical diagnosis of microbial keratitis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Fungal/diagnosis*
  8. Aryasit O, Ng DS, Goh ASC, Woo KI, Kim YD
    BMC Ophthalmol, 2016 Jul 07;16:94.
    PMID: 27387333 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-016-0287-0
    BACKGROUND: Porous polyethylene implants are commonly used in orbital blowout fracture repair because of purported biocompatibility, durability, and low frequency of complications. Delayed inflammation related to porous polyethylene sheet implants is very rare and no case series of this condition have been reported.

    CASE PRESENTATION: This is a retrospective review of clinical presentations, radiographic findings, histopathological findings, treatments, and outcomes of patients who developed delayed complications in orbital blowout fracture repair using porous polyethylene sheets. Four male patients were included with a mean age of 49 years (range 35-69 years). Blowout fracture repair was complicated with implant-related inflammation 10 months, 2 years, 3 years, and 8 years after surgery. Chronic and subacute orbital inflammatory signs were noted in two patients and acute fulminant orbital inflammation was found in two patients. Three patients developed peri-implant abscesses and one patient had a soft tissue mass around the implant. All patients underwent implant removal and two of these patients with paranasal sinusitis had sinus surgery. Histopathological findings revealed chronic inflammatory changes with fibrosis, and one patient had foreign body granuloma with culture positive Staphylococcus aureus.

    CONCLUSIONS: Delayed complications with porous polyethylene sheets used in orbital blowout fracture repair may occur many years following the initial surgery in immunocompetent patients. Low-grade or fulminant inflammation could complicate blowout fracture repair related with the implant.

    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Bacterial/etiology
  9. Saud Al-Abbas AH, Ling JL, Muhammed J, Hussein A
    BMJ Case Rep, 2019 Jun 22;12(6).
    PMID: 31229985 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-229660
    Kodamaea ohmeri keratitis is an opportunistic pathogen seen in patients who have undergone invasive procedures and immunocompromised state. It has been identified in septicemia patients, resulting in mortality. To the best of our knowledge, we identified the first case of K. ohmeri keratitis following an injury with vegetative material. A 57-year-old woman with underlying, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus was gardening when a tree leaf accidentally poked her in the eye. Two weeks later, the patient presented with right eye pain, redness and progressive blurring of vision due to a traumatised right cornea. Slit-lamp examination showed a small inferior paracentral corneal stromal infiltrate with overlying epithelial defect. A corneal scraping sample yielded K. ohmeri from Analytical Profile Index (API) 20C yeast identification system. She was treated with intensive topical amphotericin B and fluconazole. After 6 weeks of treatment, the keratitis resolved with faint scar tissue, and her visual acuity improved.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Fungal/drug therapy*
  10. Salim NL, Azhany Y, Abdul Rahman Z, Yusof R, Liza-Sharmini AT
    Case Rep Ophthalmol Med, 2015;2015:249419.
    PMID: 26064735 DOI: 10.1155/2015/249419
    Fungal endophthalmitis is rare but may complicate glaucoma drainage device surgery. Management is challenging as the symptoms and signs may be subtle at initial presentation and the visual prognosis is usually poor due to its resistant nature to treatment. At present there is lesser experience with intravitreal injection of voriconazole as compared to Amphotericin B. We present a case of successfully treated Aspergillus endophthalmitis following Baerveldt glaucoma drainage device implantation with intravitreal and topical voriconazole.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Fungal
  11. Fadzillah MT, Ishak SR, Ibrahim M
    Case Rep Ophthalmol Med, 2013;2013:413953.
    PMID: 23509650 DOI: 10.1155/2013/413953
    Aim. To report a case of refractory fungal keratitis caused by Scedosporium apiospermum. Methods. Interventional case report. Results. A 47-year-old Malay housewife presented with left eye cornea ulcer as her first presentation of diabetes mellitus. There was no history of ocular trauma, contact lens used, or cornea foreign body. Scedosporium apiospermum was isolated from the cornea scrapping. Her cornea ulcer initially responded well to topical Amphotericin B within 3 days but subsequently worsened. Repeat cornea scrapping also yields Scedosporium apiospermum. This refractory keratitis was successfully treated with a combination of topical Amphotericin B and Voriconazole over 6 weeks. Conclusion. Scedosporium apiospermum keratitis is an opportunistic infection, which is difficult to treat despite tight control of diabetes mellitus and intensive antifungal treatment. The infection appeared to have very quick onset but needed long duration of treatment to completely heal. Surgical debridement always plays an important role as a therapeutic procedure as well as establishes the diagnosis through repeat scrapping.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Fungal
  12. Ho HC, Liew OH, Teh SS, Hanizasurana H, Ibrahim M, Shatriah I
    Clin Ophthalmol, 2015;9:553-6.
    PMID: 25848206 DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S82204
    Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is an uncommon but fatal fungal infection. We report a rare case of unilateral ROCM with ipsilateral central retinal artery occlusion and contralateral choroiditis, which later progressed to endogenous fungal endophthalmitis. The patient was successfully treated with sinuses debridement, systemic liposomal amphotericin B, and intravitreal amphotericin B. The endophthalmitis completely resolved with good vision, but the ROCM eye remained blind due to central retinal artery occlusion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Fungal
  13. Tajunisah I, Reddy SC
    Compr Ther, 2007;33(1):25-31.
    PMID: 17984490
    Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is known to occur in conjunction with primary varicella or chickenpox infection. The majority of ARN cases reported in the literature were of milder form with mild to moderate vitritis, limited retinitis, and rare occurrence of retinal breaks or detachment that responded well to intravenous acyclovir, with or without oral prednisolone. We report a case of unilateral ARN with marked vitritis and retinal necrosis leading to retinal breaks following chickenpox in a 32-year-old healthy lady. This patient was successfully treated with intravenous acyclovir followed by oral acyclovir and orbital floor triamcinolone injections to contain the inflammation with barrier laser therapy to secure the retinal breaks with good visual outcome. This case is unusual in its severity, and to our knowledge, orbital floor triamcinolone therapy was not used earlier to contain ARN inflammation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Viral/drug therapy; Eye Infections, Viral/etiology*
  14. Höllhumer R, Zairani Mz A, Watson S
    Cornea, 2016 Sep;35(9):1255-6.
    PMID: 27227396 DOI: 10.1097/ICO.0000000000000889
    PURPOSE: Syphilitic interstitial keratitis is a stromal inflammatory disease with characteristic secondary vascularization. This case illustrates a late complication of hemorrhagic Descemet membrane detachment.

    METHODS: Case report.

    RESULTS: The patient presented with painless sudden visual loss and progressive shallowing of the anterior chamber caused by hemorrhagic Descemet membrane detachment. She had corneal neovascularization and a positive syphilis serology. Owing to the risk of pupil block glaucoma, the patient had surgical drainage of the blood via an ab externo approach.

    CONCLUSIONS: This case illustrates a previously unreported complication of syphilitic interstitial keratitis. The patient recovered good visual acuity and had residual pigment deposits in the pre-Descemet interface.

    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Bacterial/diagnosis; Eye Infections, Bacterial/microbiology*; Eye Infections, Bacterial/therapy
  15. Han Shu T, Hussein A, Kursiah MR
    Cureus, 2019 Sep 05;11(9):e5580.
    PMID: 31695999 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5580
    A 30-year-old Bangladeshi gentleman presented with history of sand entering his left eye and was diagnosed as having fungal keratitis by private ophthalmologist. He was treated with three doses of conventional subconjunctival amphotericin B injections (1.5 mg of amphotericin B and 1.2 mg of deoxycholate) over the inferior bulbar conjunctiva and topical antibiotics. Subsequently, he developed conjunctival necrosis over the site of injections and there was no clinical improvement of the keratitis. He was then treated with intensive antifungal and antibiotics eye drops. Debridement of epithelial plug was done and he was given intracameral amphotericin B injection. There was gradual improvement observed then with conjunctival epithelialization. The conjunctival tissue was completely healed after three months along with the corneal ulcer. Subconjunctival injection of Amphotericin B (AMB) may be considered as an adjunct therapy in severe fungal keratitis to address the issue of compliance. Close monitoring is needed due to its known complication of scleritis, scleral thinning and conjunctival necrosis. Liposomal AMB which is known to cause less toxicity given via subconjunctival injection in human subjects needs to be further studied.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Fungal
  16. Khan NA, Anwar A, Siddiqui R
    Curr Med Chem, 2018 May 10.
    PMID: 29745319 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180510125633
    BACKGROUND: First discovered in the early 1970s, Acanthamoeba keratitis has remained a major eye infection and presents a significant threat to the public health, especially in developing countries. The aim is to present a timely review of our current understanding of the advances made in this field in a comprehensible manner and includes novel concepts and provides clear directions for immediate research priorities.

    METHOD: We undertook a search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature and also summarized our published results in this field.

    RESULTS: The present review focuses on novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in details which can provide access to management and treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis. This coupled with the recently available genome sequence information together with high throughput genomics technology and innovative approaches should stimulate interest in the rational design of preventative and therapeutic measures. Current treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis is problematic and often leads to infection recurrence. Better understanding of diagnosis, pathogenesis, pathophysiology and therapeutic regimens, would lead to novel strategies in treatment and prophylaxis.

    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections
  17. Rahman ZA, Harun A, Hasan H, Mohamed Z, Noor SS, Deris ZZ, et al.
    Eye Contact Lens, 2013 Sep;39(5):355-60.
    PMID: 23982472 DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0b013e3182a3026b
    Ocular surface infections that include infections of conjunctiva, adnexa, and cornea have the potential risk of causing blindness within a given population. Empirical antibiotic therapy is usually initiated based on epidemiological data of common causative agents. Thus, the aims of this study were to determine the bacterial agents and their susceptibility patterns of isolates from ocular surface specimens in our hospital.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Bacterial/drug therapy; Eye Infections, Bacterial/microbiology*
  18. Subrayan V, Peyman M, Lek Yap S, Mohamed Ali NA, Devi S
    Eye Contact Lens, 2010 Jul;36(4):201-3.
    PMID: 20531205 DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0b013e3181e3efa3
    PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and conventional bacterial culture methods in the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in contact lens-induced severe, partially treated corneal ulcers referred to a tertiary center.
    METHODS: The study duration was 6 months. All patients with contact lens-related corneal ulcer, requiring admission during the study period were recruited. Samples from corneal scrapings were simultaneously sent at the time of admission for PCR and culture testing. An in-house real-time PCR was developed to detect the P. aeruginosa lasA gene. The results of PCR and culture were compared using McNemar's chi2 test.
    RESULTS: Ten patients were recruited. The mean age was 33 years (20-45 years). All the patients had contact lens-related keratitis (>4 mm) of which eight (80%) were found positive for P. aeruginosa by PCR or culture. There was no significant difference between PCR and culture in detecting P. aeruginosa (P<0.05).
    CONCLUSIONS: PCR is, at least, as good as conventional cultures in detecting P. aeruginosa. It is a rapid assay as compared with culture, and early detection enables prompt treatment thus reducing the destructive effect of the organism on the cornea.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Bacterial/diagnosis*; Eye Infections, Bacterial/drug therapy; Eye Infections, Bacterial/microbiology
  19. Singh M, Kaur B
    Eye (Lond), 1989;3 ( Pt 4):460-2.
    PMID: 2606221
    A rare case of keratoactinomycosis developing in the absence of any known ocular trauma is described. It showed a dramatic response to penicillin therapy. Steroids should be cautiously used in the presence of active corneal disease. This case highlights the importance of repeated examination of corneal scrapings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Fungal/complications*
  20. Yeap KC, Sivagurunathan PD, Raman P, Khalid KHM
    GMS Ophthalmol Cases, 2019;9:Doc25.
    PMID: 31355123 DOI: 10.3205/oc000114
    Purpose: To report a rare case of non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) choroiditis masquerading as choroidal tumour, where the initial diagnosis was masked by keratitis. Casedescription: A 57-year-old heroin chaser with a pre-existing left eye blindness due to past blunt trauma presented with diffuse bacterial keratitis on the same side. Systemic examination revealed multiple non-tender cervical lymphadenopathies. B-scan ultrasonography showed a hyperechoic choroidal mass with surrounding exudative retinal detachment, resembling a choroidal tumour. However, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan findings were suggestive of inflammatory choroidal changes. Inflammatory markers were significantly raised and infective screening was positive for HIV and Hepatitis C. Tuberculosis workup was normal. In view of intractable pain, evisceration was done and his vitreous humour was sent for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It was reported to be positive for Mycobacterium Fortuitum. Conclusion: NTM ocular infections are rare, challenging to diagnose, and potentially sight threatening. Early recognition and prompt treatment is life and vision saving.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections
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