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  1. Validation of the medical outcomes study family and marital functioning measures in SLE patients in Singapore
    Thumboo J, Fong KY, Chan SP, Leong KH, Feng PH, Thio ST, et al.
    Lupus, 1999;8(7):514-20.
    PMID: 10483028 DOI: 10.1191/096120399678840747
    OBJECTIVE: To validate the Medical Outcomes Study Family and Marital Functioning Measures (FMM and MFM) in a multi-ethnic, urban Asian population in Singapore.
    METHODS: English speaking Chinese, Malay or Indian SLE patients (n=120) completed a self-administered questionnaire containing the FFM and MFM at baseline, after 2 weeks and after 6 months. Lupus activity, disease-related damage and quality of life were assessed using the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG), Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) Damage Index and SF-36 Health Survey respectively. Scale psychometric properties were assessed through factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, quantifying test-retest differences and known-groups construct validity.
    RESULTS: Factor analysis of scores obtained at baseline and after 6 months identified 3 factors corresponding to the FFM (1 factor) and the MFM (2 factors). Both scales showed acceptable internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha of 0.95 for the FFM and 0.70 for the MFM. Mean (s.d.) test-retest differences were -0.31 (3.82) points for the FFM and -0.70 (4.26) points for the MFM. Eleven out of 13 a priori hypotheses relating both the FFM and MFM to demographic, disease and quality of life variables were confirmed, supporting the construct validity of these scales.
    CONCLUSION: The FFM and MFM are valid and reliable measures of family and marital functioning in a multi-ethnic cohort of Asian SLE patients in Singapore.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health*
  2. Using tracers to link health services to training through evaluation
    Bandaranayake RC, Singh PJ
    Med Educ, 1993 Nov;27(6):509-17.
    PMID: 8208159
    The tracer concept was applied to evaluate the delivery of family health care and the training of family health workers. A retrospective evaluation permitted linking the products of care to process, input and context, by isolating and analysing potential factors contributing to a limited number of representative concerns. Contributory learning deficiencies identified in health workers, one input to health care as well as a product of training, enabled the evaluation of training programmes to be focused on related segments of the courses. The latter were evaluated through a pathway analysis which followed the same deficiency model as the evaluation of health care. Links were thus established between the traditionally compartmentalized training and service sectors in health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health*
  3. Traumatic brain injury: caregivers' problems and needs
    Hassan ST, Khaw WF, Rosna AR, Husna J
    JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc, 2011 Jan-Mar;51(181):53-5.
    PMID: 22335097
    Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an increasingly major world health problem. This short review using the most pertinent articles on TBI caregiving problems and needs highlights the pressing issues. Articles focusing on both TBI-caregivers' problems and needs are rarely found, especially for developing countries. Most TBI-caregiving is done by family members, whose altered lives portend burden and stresses which add to the overwhelming demand of caring for the TBI-survivor. Lack of information, financial inadequacy, anxiety, distress, coping deficits, poor adaptability, inadequate knowledge and skills, and a poor support system comprise the major problems. Dysfunctional communication between caregivers and care-receivers has been little researched. The major needs are focused on health and rehabilitation information, financial advice and assistance, emotional and social support, and positive psychological encouragement. In time, health information needs may be met, but not emotional support. Information on TBI caregiving problems and unmet needs is critical to all relevant healthcare stakeholders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  4. Tobacco Consumption Among HIV-Positive Respondents: Findings From the Third Round of the National Family Health Survey
    Lall P, Saifi R, Kamarulzaman A
    Nicotine Tob Res, 2016 12;18(12):2185-2193.
    PMID: 27091832 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw111
    INTRODUCTION: HIV-positive people are often more susceptible to illnesses associated with smoking, for example, cardiovascular disease, than those in the general population. The purpose of this article is to examine the association between tobacco use and HIV-status in India.

    METHODS: This article analyzed data from the National Family Health Survey III, which provides a representative sample of the Indian population. Patterns in tobacco consumption among HIV-positive and negative respondents were assessed through logistic and ordinal regression models. Associations between smoking, asthma, and tuberculosis were examined through bivariate logistic regressions.

    RESULTS: A greater percentage of male HIV-positive participants (68%) reported current tobacco use in comparison to male HIV-negative respondents (58%) and female HIV-positive (12%) and negative (11%) participants. Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that there was a positive correlation between male respondents' HIV-status and their propensity to use tobacco (odds ratio [OR] = 1.48, confidence interval [CI] = 1.05-2.1, P < .05) when controlled for extraneous variables. Results from ordinal regression analyses illustrated that male HIV-positive respondents had a twofold increased OR of smoking 20 or more cigarettes (OR = 2.1, CI = 1.4-3.2, P < .005). Finally, there was a positive association between being HIV-infected (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.6, CI = 2.02-10.6, P < .005), smoking 15-19 cigarettes (AOR = 2.11, CI = 1.1-4.1, P < .05) and male participants' TB-status.

    CONCLUSIONS: Results in this article suggest HIV-positive men in India were not only significantly more likely to consume tobacco, but they also smoked a higher number of cigarettes compared to their HIV-negative counterparts. This is a cause for concern as our analyses revealed a possible association between the number of cigarettes smoked and TB-status.

    IMPLICATIONS: This article contributes to knowledge on the intertwining epidemics of HIV and smoking through using cross-sectional data from the National Family Survey III to demonstrate that HIV-positive men in India display patterns of tobacco consumption which differs to that of HIV-negative men. These findings could have strong implications for long-term treatment of HIV-positive patients as smoking has been proven to increase the likelihood of contracting HIV-related illnesses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  5. Fulltext The relationship of socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge of breast cancer on stage of behavioral adoption of breast self-examination
    Moey SF, Mutalib AMA, Mohamed NC, Saidin N
    AIMS Public Health, 2020;7(3):620-633.
    PMID: 32968682 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2020049
    Background/aim: In Malaysia, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. As such, early diagnosis and screening practices are important to increase the survival rate. Breast self-examination (BSE) is one of the main screening methods for breast cancer. Socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge of breast cancer are amongst the crucial roles in determining women's behavioral adoption in performing BSE. This study aims to assess the relationship of socio-demographic factors and knowledge of breast cancer on the stage of behavioral adoption of BSE among Malaysian women in Kuantan, Pahang.

    Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 520 women from three different government health clinics in Kuantan and IIUM Family Health Clinic from February to April 2018. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire on socio-demographic factors and knowledge of breast cancer and its effect on the behavioral adoption of BSE.

    Results: Significant difference was found between socio-demographic characteristics and behavioral adoption of BSE. However, only breast screening and the best time for screening were found to be significant with the behavioral adoption of BSE and knowledge of breast cancer.

    Conclusion: It is found that most women in Kuantan, Pahang perform BSE but were still unaware of the importance of performing BSE for early breast cancer detection. This study was expected to enhance women's awareness of the benefits of performing BSE.

    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  6. Fulltext The integrated care pathway for post stroke patients (iCaPPS): a shared care approach between stakeholders in areas with limited access to specialist stroke care services
    Abdul Aziz AF, Mohd Nordin NA, Ali MF, Abd Aziz NA, Sulong S, Aljunid SM
    BMC Health Serv Res, 2017 Jan 13;17(1):35.
    PMID: 28086871 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1963-8
    BACKGROUND: Lack of intersectoral collaboration within public health sectors compound efforts to promote effective multidisciplinary post stroke care after discharge following acute phase. A coordinated, primary care-led care pathway to manage post stroke patients residing at home in the community was designed by an expert panel of specialist stroke care providers to help overcome fragmented post stroke care in areas where access is limited or lacking.

    METHODS: Expert panel discussions comprising Family Medicine Specialists, Neurologists, Rehabilitation Physicians and Therapists, and Nurse Managers from Ministry of Health and acadaemia were conducted. In Phase One, experts chartered current care processes in public healthcare facilities, from acute stroke till discharge and also patients who presented late with stroke symptoms to public primary care health centres. In Phase Two, modified Delphi technique was employed to obtain consensus on recommendations, based on current evidence and best care practices. Care algorithms were designed around existing work schedules at public health centres.

    RESULTS: Indication for patients eligible for monitoring by primary care at public health centres were identified. Gaps in transfer of care occurred either at post discharge from acute care or primary care patients diagnosed at or beyond subacute phase at health centres. Essential information required during transfer of care from tertiary care to primary care providers was identified. Care algorithms including appropriate tools were summarised to guide primary care teams to identify patients requiring further multidisciplinary interventions. Shared care approaches with Specialist Stroke care team were outlined. Components of the iCaPPS were developed simultaneously: (i) iCaPPS-Rehab© for rehabilitation of stroke patients at community level (ii) iCaPPS-Swallow© guided the primary care team to screen and manage stroke related swallowing problems.

    CONCLUSION: Coordinated post stroke care monitoring service for patients at community level is achievable using the iCaPPS and its components as a guide. The iCaPPS may be used for post stroke care monitoring of patients in similar fragmented healthcare delivery systems or areas with limited access to specialist stroke care services.

    TRIAL REGISTRATION: No.: ACTRN12616001322426 (Registration Date: 21st September 2016).
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  7. The developmental niche: a theoretical framework for analyzing the household production of health
    Harkness S, Super CM
    Soc Sci Med, 1994 Jan;38(2):217-26.
    PMID: 8140448
    Recent efforts to promote child survival and development internationally have focused new attention on the importance of the household as a mediator of both environmental risks and programmatic interventions to promote better health. In this paper, we introduce a theoretical framework, the 'developmental niche,' derived from studies of children's behavior and development in different cultural contexts, as a tool for analyzing the household production of health. The developmental niche is conceptualized in terms of three basic components: (1) the physical and social settings of the child's everyday life; (2) culturally regulated customs of child care and child rearing; and (3) the psychology of the caretakers. The relevance of each of these components to the household production of health is illustrated through examples from research in several cultures, including Malaysia, Kenya, Bangladesh, India, and the U.S. Further discussion centers on three corollaries of the developmental niche framework that point to the interactive relationships among the three components, between the niche and the larger environment, and between the niche and the child (or any individual seen from a developmental perspective). It is suggested that this approach is useful for identifying and collecting relevant information on household-level factors that affect health outcomes, and thus for organizing more effective interventions. At a theoretical level, the developmental niche framework also facilitates understanding processes of mutual adaptation between the individual and the environment as they are filtered through the constraints of household settings, customs and caretaker psychologies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health*
  8. The analyze toddler growth and development according to family's economic status in Village Limau Manis, Districts Tanjung Morawa
    Pangaribuan IK, Simanullang E, Poddar S
    Enferm Clin, 2020 06;30 Suppl 5:92-95.
    PMID: 32713594 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.11.029
    The toddler stage is a golden period and at the same time a critical period for a child, since he / she will experience rapid brain growth and development so that he/ she need sufficient nutrition intake. Toddler's abnormal growth and development are usually found in low economic community because they cannot afford to provide their need for basic food for their toddler's growth and development. The objective of the research was to analyze toddler's growth and development according to family's economic status. The research used descriptive analytic method with cross-sectional design. It was conducted at Limau Manis Village, Tanjung Morawa Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, from January to June 2016. The population was 1899 toddlers, and 113 of them were used as the samples, taken by using simple random sampling technique. The data were gathered by using questionnaires to find out toddler's growth and development according to family's economic status. The result of univariate analysis showed that 57 toddlers (50.4%) had abnormal growth and development. The result of bivariate analysis with chi-square test showed that there was the correlation of toddler's growth and development with economic status (p value=0.004), women's care pattern (p value=0.028), and environmental sanitation (p value=0.01). Therefore, empowerment of family's economy through the development of family's nutrition portfolio is necessary.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  9. Fulltext The Malaysian health reform in primary health care services
    Aniza I, Jamsiah M, Amin SA, Ali M, Munizam AM
    Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2008;14(2):1-10.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction : Family Health Development Division is one of the earliest divisions in Public Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia. The division has progressed each year with the extension and expansion of the scopes of services since the establishment of Maternal and Child Health Unit in 1956. The services currently include school children, adolescent, adult and elderly health and also known as life-course perspective: from womb to tomb.
    Objectives : The objective is to elaborate and explain the reformation of primary health care services implemented in the past and present.
    Methods : The methodology applied is compilation, data review and comparison from annual report, action plan report, articles, speeches, specialists and stake holder view.
    Results : The focus of Primary Health Care Service is covering health promotion, disease prevention, early detection and treatment, acute disease care, disease limitation and rehabilitation, clinical support services and teleprimary care. The reformation is caused by factors such as globalization, modernization, growth of health market, emergence and re-emergence of diseases, and development of medical technology. Three health fields that have underwent and under going reformation are concept and wellness practise in primary healthcare, primary healthcare clinical support services development and primary healthcare informatics development. The outcome of these reformations is the increment of service quality and outstanding services for patients and health staffs.
    Conclusion : Health reformation in primary healthcare is greatly needed to give excellent services for primary health care for today and future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  10. The 4-item family resilience scale: psychometric evaluation and measurement invariance of the malay version in adolescents and young adults
    Hamzah H, Tan CS, Ramlee F, Zulkifli SS
    BMC Psychol, 2023 Nov 13;11(1):392.
    PMID: 37957763 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01435-5
    BACKGROUND: The original Family Resilience Scale (FRS) is a reliable tool to assess family resilience. However, the FRS is based on the United States and parental context. Thus, the usefulness of the FRS for the adolescent and young adult population in Asian countries, particularly Malaysia remains unknown. This study translated the FRS into the Malay language and validated it on Malaysian adolescents and young adults to identify its potential as a self-report tool to assess the resilience level of their family.

    METHODS: A total of 351 participants (Mage = 19.75, SDage = 3.29) were recruited in the study using purposive sampling. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to examine the factorial structure of the Family Resilience Scale-Malay (FRS-Malay) and measurement invariance between adolescents and young adults. Then, the scale's reliability was investigated using Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega coefficients, and composite reliability index. Finally, we examined the discriminant validity of the FRS-Malay by correlating its score with individual resilience score and examined the incremental validity of the scale using hierarchical multiple regression analysis to test if family resilience can explain individual well-being levels beyond and above individual resilience.

    RESULTS: The findings of the confirmatory factor analysis suggest that a single-factor model is supported for both age groups. Furthermore, the scale exhibited scalar invariance between adolescents and young adults. The scale also exhibited good reliability, as the value of Cronbach's alpha, McDonald omega coefficients, and composite reliability index were above 0.80. Additionally, the Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the FRS-Malay and individual resilience scores, which supports the discriminant validity of the scale. Similarly, the incremental validity of the scale is also supported. Specifically, family resilience had a positive correlation with well-being, even after controlling for individual resilience in the regression analysis.

    CONCLUSIONS: The FRS-Malay has demonstrated good reliability and validity. The scale measures the same construct of family resilience across adolescents and young adults, making it suitable for comparisons. Therefore, this unidimensional tool is appropriate for self-reporting their perceived level of family resilience. It is also useful for studying the development and fluctuation of family resilience in the Malaysian context.

    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health*
  11. Sociodemographic and health-lifestyle determinants of obesity risks in Malaysia
    Tan AK, Dunn RA, Samad MI, Feisul MI
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2011 Apr;23(2):192-202.
    PMID: 20460299 DOI: 10.1177/1010539509359535
    The purpose of this study was to examine the sociodemographic and health-lifestyle factors that affect the likelihood of obesity among Malaysians. Data were obtained from the Malaysian Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance-1. The cross-sectional population-based survey consisted of 2447 observations, with an obesity prevalence rate of 17.2%. Based on logit regression analysis, the results suggest that obesity risks in Malaysia are affected by gender, education level, family history, health conditions, smoking status, and ethnic backgrounds. Specifically, Malaysians more likely to be obese are females (5.3%), lower educated (0.9%), those with history of family illnesses (4.8%), and nonsmokers (6.4%). However, Chinese (9.3%) and other (5.5%) ethnic groups are less likely to be obese when compared with Malays. Based on these results, several policy implications are discussed vis-à-vis obesity risks in Malaysia.
    Study name: Malaysia Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance-1 (MyNCDS-1) survey
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  12. Sensitization to inhaled allergens as a risk factor for asthma and allergic diseases in Chinese population
    Leung R, Ho P, Lam CW, Lai CK
    J Allergy Clin Immunol, 1997 May;99(5):594-9.
    PMID: 9155823
    BACKGROUND: Allergen sensitization is associated with asthma and allergic disease in children, but such a relationship has not been confirmed in Chinese populations.

    OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of allergen sensitization and family history of atopy on asthma and allergic disease in Chinese schoolchildren from three southeast Asian populations.

    METHODS: Written questionnaires on respiratory and allergic symptoms were completed by parents of children of secondary-school age (age range 12 to 18 years) in Hong Kong (n = 1062), Kota Kinabalu in eastern Malaysia (n = 409), and San Bu in southern China (n = 737). A subsample of school-children underwent skin prick testing to common inhalant allergens (Hong Kong 471 children, Kota Kinabalu 321, San Bu 647).

    RESULTS: The prevalence of asthma and allergic disease in schoolchildren was highest in Hong Kong, intermediate in Kota Kinabalu, and lowest in San Bu. However, the overall rate of atopic sensitization was similar in the three populations (49% to 63%). House dust mite and cockroach were the two most common allergens causing sensitization and these gave rise to more than 95% of the positive skin test results in all three populations. By regression analysis, mite allergy was associated with rhinitis and asthma in all three populations, and a family history of asthma, rhinitis, or eczema was strongly associated with respective symptoms in the subjects. After adjusting for age, sex, atopic status, and family history of allergic disease, the place of residence remained a significant independent factor for asthma (odds ratio [OR] = 1.0 for Hong Kong, 0.57 for Kota Kinabalu, 0.15 for San Bu, p < 0.001), rhinitis (OR = 1.0 for Hong Kong, 0.59 for Kota Kinabalu, 0.15 for San Bu, p < 0.001), or eczema (OR = 1.0 for Hong Kong, 0.35 for Kota Kinabalu, 1.01 for San Bu, p < 0.001).

    CONCLUSION: Sensitization to indoor allergens was a significant risk factor for asthma and allergic disease, and familial clustering of disease was common in the region. However, the marked difference in disease prevalence in the three southeast Asian populations of Chinese schoolchildren cannot be explained by atopic sensitization and family history alone, and the place of residence was an independent risk factor for asthma and allergies, which suggests an important environmental role in disease pathogenesis.

    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  13. Fulltext Screening for Corynebacterium diphtheriae
    Wilson AP, Matthews S, Bahl M, Efstratiou A, Cookson BD
    J Clin Pathol, 1992 Nov;45(11):1036-7.
    PMID: 1452782 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.45.11.1036
    A throat swab from a 9 year old girl with pharyngitis yielded a non-toxigenic strain of Corynebacterium diphtheriae var mitis and Streptococcus group G. C pseudodiphtheriticum was isolated from the throats of two of her four brothers. In each case the isolate was sent to the reference laboratory before full identification. The growth was found to be mixed for one brother; the other isolate being a toxin producing C diphtheriae var gravis. The child was asymptomatic and the case proves that all colonial types on the Hoyles plate should be identified.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  14. Fulltext Risk factors for wheeze in the last 12 months in preschool children
    Quah BS, Mazidah AR, Simpson H
    Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, 2000 Jun;18(2):73-9.
    PMID: 10928618
    Most children with asthma develop their symptoms before the age of 5 years and many preschool wheezers continue to wheeze in the early school years. It is thus important to investigate the factors that predispose young children to wheeze. The objective of this study was to investigate the relevant environmental and family influences on recent wheeze (wheeze within the last 12 months) in preschool children. A cross-sectional study was conducted in five primary health clinics in the district of Kota Bharu from April to October 1998. Nurses from these clinics distributed Bahasa Malaysia questionnaires containing questions on asthma symptoms, environmental risk factors, family's social status and family history of atopy and wheeze to preschool children aged 1-5 years during their home visits. The respondents were parent(s) or carer(s) of the children. A total of 2,524 (87.7%) complete questionnaires were available for analysis of risk factors. One hundred and fifty six (6.2%) children had current wheeze. Significant risk factors associated with current wheeze were a family history of asthma (O.R. = 6.36, 95% C.I. = 4.45-9.09), neonatal hospital admission (O.R. = 2.38, 95% C.I. = 1.51 - 3.75), and a maternal (O.R. = 2.12, 95% C.I. = 1.31-3.41) or paternal (O.R. = 1.52, 95% C.I. = 0.95-2.43) history of allergic rhinitis. Among environmental factors examined, namely, household pets, carpeting in bedroom, use of fumigation mats, mosquito coils and aerosol insect repellents, maternal and paternal smoking, and air conditioning, none were associated with an increased risk of wheeze. In conclusion, the strongest association with current wheeze was a family history of asthma. Also significant were neonatal hospital admission and a history of allergic rhinitis in either the mother or father. None of the environmental factors studied were related to current wheeze in preschool children.
    Study site: Klinik Kesihatan, Kelantan, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  15. Fulltext Recurrent Bell's palsy in a young woman
    Ngow HA, Wan Khairina WM, Hamidon BB
    Singapore Med J, 2008 Oct;49(10):e278-80.
    PMID: 18946598
    Bell's palsy is a benign lower motor neuron facial nerve disorder. It is almost always unilateral. We report a 20-year-old nulliparous woman with five episodes of recurrent Bell's palsy. A review of recent medical literature revealed a paucity of case reports involving an individual with five episodes of recurrent Bell's palsy, with none found in Asian neurology medical literature. Despite the multiple episodes of Bell's palsy recurrences, the patient did not suffer much neurological sequelae from the disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  16. Psychiatric morbidity in the first-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients
    Varma SL, Zain AM, Singh S
    Am. J. Med. Genet., 1997 Feb 21;74(1):7-11.
    PMID: 9033998
    There is increasing evidence that genetic factors play a role in the etiology of schizophrenic disorders. One thousand eighty-nine first-degree relatives of schizophrenics and 1,137 controls were studied to discover their psychiatric morbidity. Psychiatric morbidity was found in 16.34% of the first-degree relatives (FDR) of schizophrenics (parents, 5.69%; siblings, 7.71%; offspring, 2.94%) as compared to 6.9% in the controls (P < 0.001). Schizophrenia was found in 8.3% of the patient group, which was significantly higher (0.2%) as compared to the controls. Schizoid-schizotypal personality disorder was found in 3.03% of FDRs of the schizophrenic group. Depressive disorder was found in 4.4% and 2.1% in the control and patient group, respectively, which was statistically significant. Morbidity risk of schizophrenia was found in 16.97%, 6.22% and 5.79% of schizophrenia, schizoid-schizotypal personality disorder and depressive disorder, respectively, in the FDR of schizophrenic group.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  17. Fulltext Psychiatric morbidity in the families of paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenia patients
    Varma SL, Sharma I, Chugh S
    Singapore Med J, 1992 Feb;33(1):67-9.
    PMID: 1598611
    A total of 1018 and 812 first degree relatives (FDR) of schizoprencies and controls respectively, were studied to find out the psychiatric morbidity in the families of paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenia patients. The risk of schizophrenia and affective disorders was found to be independent of the probands subtype diagnosis. The risk for schizoid-schizotypal and paranoid personality disorders was found to be increased in the first degree relatives of paranoid schizophrenic, as compared to non-paranoid schizophrenic, thus suggesting that the psychopathology in the FDR may differ with the subtype diagnosis of the proband.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  18. Fulltext Psychiatric morbidity in schizophrenic relatives--use of Self-Reporting Questionnaires (SRQ)
    Salleh MR
    Singapore Med J, 1990 Oct;31(5):457-62.
    PMID: 2259943
    A validated study of the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) of the World Health Organization against ICD-9 was found to have good validation indices at the cut-off point of 5/6. The sensitivity was 84.8% and specificity 83.7%. However, SRQ-24 had poor validation indices and are too sensitive to detect psychotic illness. Twenty-three per cent of 264 schizophrenic relatives who had been staying together with them and or actively involved in their care for at least one year had neurotic disorders compared with 1% who had latent schizophrenia. The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity was higher in the first-degree relatives compared with non-first degree relatives.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health*
  19. Fulltext Psychiatric and surgical management of male genital self-mutilation
    Suraya Y, Saw KC
    Singapore Med J, 1999 Oct;40(10):656-8.
    PMID: 10741196
    Cases of genital self-mutilation are usually seen in the general hospital setting and can be difficult to manage especially in those patients who have psychiatric illness. A joint effort between the psychiatric and the surgical services will be required right from the beginning of hospital admission to diagnosis and later, to follow-up. Psychiatric consultation strategies at the different phases of intervention will be needed to cater for the special needs of the surgical team, patient and family. We describe three cases of genital self- mutilators and the general management of these patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  20. Fulltext Protective and risk factors for acute respiratory infections in hospitalized urban Malaysian children: a case control study
    Azizi BH, Zulkifli HI, Kasim MS
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1995 Jun;26(2):280-5.
    PMID: 8629061
    We performed a case control study to examine protective and risk factors for acute respiratory infections (ARI) in hospitalized children in Kuala Lumpur. Consecutive children between the ages of one month and five years hospitalized for pneumonia (n = 143), acute bronchiolitis (n = 92), acute laryngotracheobronchitis (n = 32) and empyema (n = 4) were included as cases and were compared with 322 children hospitalized during the same 24 hour period for non-respiratory causes. Potential risk and protective factors were initially analysed by univariate analysis. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that several home environmental factors were significantly associated with ARI. The presence of a coughing sibling (OR = 3.76, 95%CI 2.09, 6.77), a household with more than five members (OR = 1.52, 95%CI 1.03, 2.19) and sleeping with three other persons (OR = 1.45, 95%CI 1.00, 2.08) were independent risk factors. Significant host factors were history of allergy (OR = 2.50, 95%CI 1.74, 3.61) and ethnicity (Malay race) (OR = 2.07 95%CI, 1.27, 3.37). Breast feeding for at least one month was confirmed as an independent protective factor (OR = 0.58, 95%CI 0.38, 0.86). However, the study was not able to demonstrate that domestic air pollution had an adverse effect. This study provides further evidence that home environmental factors, particularly those associated with crowding, may predispose to ARI and that breast feeding is an important protective factor.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
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