Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 98 in total

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  1. Sciscionella sediminilitoris sp. nov., a Marine Actinomycete Isolated from Cape Rochado, Malaysia, and the Emendations to the Description of the Genus Sciscionella
    Teo WFA, Devaraj K, Nor MNM, Li WJ, Tan GYA
    Curr Microbiol, 2024 Mar 29;81(5):124.
    PMID: 38551738 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03634-8
    In this study, we employed a polyphasic approach to determine the taxonomic position of a newly isolated actinomycete, designated SE31T, obtained from a sediment sample collected at Cape Rochado, Malaysia. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain SE31T belonged to the family Pseudonocardiaceae and exhibited the highest sequence similarity (98.9%) to Sciscionella marina. Further genomic analysis demonstrated a 93.4% average nucleotide identity and 54.4% digital DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness between strain SE31T and S. marina. The chemotaxonomic characteristics of strain SE31T were typical of the genus Sciscionella, including cell-wall chemotype IV (with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and arabinose and galactose as whole-cell sugars). The identified polar lipids of strain SE31T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, and hydroxyphosphatidymethylethanolamine. The primary menaquinone observed was MK-9(H4), and the major cellular fatty acid was iso-C16:0. The genomic DNA size of strain SE31T was determined to be 7.4 Mbp with a G+C content of 68.7%. Based on these comprehensive findings, strain SE31T represents a novel species within the genus Sciscionella, in which the name Sciscionella sediminilitoris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Sciscionella sediminilitoris is SE31T (= DSM 46824T = TBRC 5134T).
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/chemistry
  2. Fulltext Proximate composition, lipid and elemental profiling of eight varieties of avocado (Persea americana)
    Nasri C, Halabi Y, Hajib A, Choukri H, Harhar H, Lee LH, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2023 Dec 20;13(1):22767.
    PMID: 38123687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50119-y
    Eight Moroccan avocado varieties were analyzed for their nutritional composition and physicochemical properties. The nutritional contents of the sample were determined through the evaluation of the moisture, oil, ash, protein, and carbohydrate contents, and energy value calculation. Additionally, macroelements (Ca, Mg, and Na) and microelements (Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) were determined in the mineral profile. Oils were examined also for their fatty acid, phytosterol, and tocopherol profiles. As a result of the study, the avocado presents significant differences between the eight studied varieties (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/chemistry
  3. Genome characterization and taxonomy of Actinomyces acetigenes sp. nov., and Actinomyces stomatis sp. nov., previously isolated from the human oral cavity
    Tian X, Teo WFA, Wee WY, Yang Y, Ahmed H, Jakubovics NS, et al.
    BMC Genomics, 2023 Dec 04;24(1):734.
    PMID: 38049764 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09831-2
    BACKGROUND: Actinomyces strains are commonly found as part of the normal microflora on human tissue surfaces, including the oropharynx, gastrointestinal tract, and female genital tract. Understanding the diversity and characterization of Actinomyces species is crucial for human health, as they play an important role in dental plaque formation and biofilm-related infections. Two Actinomyces strains ATCC 49340 T and ATCC 51655 T have been utilized in various studies, but their accurate species classification and description remain unresolved.

    RESULTS: To investigate the genomic properties and taxonomic status of these strains, we employed both 16S rRNA Sanger sequencing and whole-genome sequencing using the Illumina HiSeq X Ten platform with PE151 (paired-end) sequencing. Our analyses revealed that the draft genome of Actinomyces acetigenes ATCC 49340 T was 3.27 Mbp with a 68.0% GC content, and Actinomyces stomatis ATCC 51655 T has a genome size of 3.08 Mbp with a 68.1% GC content. Multi-locus (atpA, rpoB, pgi, metG, gltA, gyrA, and core genome SNPs) sequence analysis supported the phylogenetic placement of strains ATCC 51655 T and ATCC 49340 T as independent lineages. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), average nucleotide identity (ANI), and average amino acid identity (AAI) analyses indicated that both strains represented novel Actinomyces species, with values below the threshold for species demarcation (70% dDDH, 95% ANI and AAI). Pangenome analysis identified 5,731 gene clusters with strains ATCC 49340 T and ATCC 51655 T possessing 1,515 and 1,518 unique gene clusters, respectively. Additionally, genomic islands (GIs) prediction uncovered 24 putative GIs in strain ATCC 49340 T and 16 in strain ATCC 51655 T, contributing to their genetic diversity and potential adaptive capabilities. Pathogenicity analysis highlighted the potential human pathogenicity risk associated with both strains, with several virulence-associated factors identified. CRISPR-Cas analysis exposed the presence of CRISPR and Cas genes in both strains, indicating these strains might evolve a robust defense mechanism against them.

    CONCLUSION: This study supports the classification of strains ATCC 49340 T and ATCC 51655 T as novel species within the Actinomyces, in which the name Actinomyces acetigenes sp. nov. (type strain ATCC 49340 T = VPI D163E-3 T = CCUG 34286 T = CCUG 35339 T) and Actinomyces stomatis sp. nov. (type strain ATCC 51655 T = PK606T = CCUG 33930 T) are proposed.

    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/chemistry
  4. Actinoallomurus soli sp. nov. and Actinoallomurus rhizosphaericola sp. nov., two novel actinobacteria isolated from rhizosphere soil of Oryza rufipogon Griff
    Chantavorakit T, Muangham S, Aaron TWF, Duangmal K, Hong K
    Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2023 Nov;73(11).
    PMID: 37994910 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006177
    The taxonomic position of two novel Actinoallomurus strains isolated from rhizosphere soil of wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) was established using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains WRP6H-15T and WRP9H-5T were closely related to Actinoallomurus spadix JCM 3146T and Actinoallomurus purpureus TTN02-30T. Chemotaxonomic and morphological characteristics of both strains were consistent with members of the genus Actinoallomurus, while phenotypic properties, genome-based comparisons and phylogenomic analyses distinguished strains WRP6H-15T and WRP9H-5T from their closest phylogenetic relatives. The two strains showed nearly identical 16S rRNA gene sequences (99.9 %). Strain WRP6H-15T showed 68.7 % digital DNA-DNA hybridization, 95.9 % average nucleotide identity (ANI) based on blast and 96.4 % ANI based on MUMmer to strain WRP9H-5T. A phylogenomic tree based on draft genome sequences of the strains and representative of the genus Actinoallomurus confirmed the phylogenetic relationships. The genomes sizes of strains WRP6H-15T and WRP9H-5T were 9.42 Mb and 9.68 Mb, with DNA G+C contents of 71.5 and 71.3 mol%, respectively. In silico analysis predicted that the strains contain biosynthetic gene clusters encoding for specialized metabolites. Characterization based on chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic, phenotypic and genomic evidence demonstrated that strains WRP6H-15T and WRP9H-5T represent two novel species of the genus Actinoallomurus, for which the names Actinoallomurus soli sp. nov. (type strain WRP6H-15T=TBRC 15726T=NBRC 115556T) and Actinoallomurus rhizosphaericola sp. nov. (type strain WRP9H-5T=TBRC 15727T=NBRC 115557T) are proposed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/chemistry
  5. Structured lipids produced from palm-olein oil by interesterification: A controllable lipase-catalyzed approach in a solvent-free system
    Ai H, Lee YY, Xie X, Tan CP, Ming Lai O, Li A, et al.
    Food Chem, 2023 Jun 30;412:135558.
    PMID: 36716631 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135558
    Palm olein (POL) was modified by enzymatic interesterification with different degrees of acyl migration in a solvent-free packed bed reactor. The fatty acid and acylglycerol composition, isomer content, thermodynamic behavior, and relationship between crystal polymorphism, solid fat content (SFC), crystal microstructure, and texture before and after modification were studied. We found that the increase in sn-2 saturation interesterification was not only due to the generated tripalmitin (PPP) but also caused by acyl migration, and the SFC profiles were changed accordingly. The emergence of high melting point acylglycerols was an important factor accelerating the crystallization rate, further shortening the crystallization induction time, leading to the formation of large crystal spherulites, thereby reducing the hardness. The transformation from the β' to the β form occurred during post-hardening during storage. The isomer content also affected the physicochemical properties of the modified POL.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/chemistry
  6. Fulltext Variations in Antioxidant Capacity, Oxidative Stability, and Physicochemical Quality Parameters of Walnut (Juglans regia) Oil with Roasting and Accelerated Storage Conditions
    Elouafy Y, El Idrissi ZL, El Yadini A, Harhar H, Alshahrani MM, Al Awadh AA, et al.
    Molecules, 2022 Nov 09;27(22).
    PMID: 36431794 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227693
    Walnut oil, like all vegetable oils, is chemically unstable because of the sensitivity of its unsaturated fatty acids to the oxidation phenomenon. This phenomenon is based on a succession of chemical reactions, under the influence of temperature or storage conditions, that always lead to a considerable change in the quality of the oil by promoting the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids through the degradation of their C-C double bonds, leading to the formation of secondary oxidation products that reduce the nutritional values of the oil. This research examines the oxidative stability of roasted and unroasted cold-pressed walnut oils under accelerated storage conditions. The oxidative stability of both oils was evaluated using physicochemical parameters: chemical composition (fatty acids, phytosterols, and tocopherols), pigment content (chlorophyll and carotenoids), specific extinction coefficients (K232 and K270), and quality indicators (acid and peroxide value) as well as the evaluation of radical scavenging activity by the DPPH method. The changes in these parameters were evaluated within 60 days at 60 ± 2 °C. The results showed that the levels of total phytosterols, the parameters of the acid and peroxide value, K232 and K270, increased slightly for both oils as well as the total tocopherol content and the antioxidant activity affected by the roasting process. In contrast, the fatty acid profiles did not change considerably during the 60 days of our study. After two months of oil treatment at 60 °C, the studied oils still showed an excellent physicochemical profile, which allows us to conclude that these oils are stable and can withstand such conditions. This may be due to the considerable content of tocopherols (vitamin E), which acts as an antioxidant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/chemistry
  7. Fulltext Effects of Extraction Methods on the Bioactivities and Nutritional Value of Virginia and Valencia-Type Peanut Oil
    Idrissi ZLE, El Moudden H, Mghazli N, Bouyahya A, Guezzane CE, Alshahrani MM, et al.
    Molecules, 2022 Nov 09;27(22).
    PMID: 36431807 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227709
    This study aimed to evaluate the effects of peanut varieties cultivated in Morocco (Virginia and Valencia) and extraction methods (cold press, CP; Soxhlet, Sox and maceration, and Mac) on the fatty acid profile, phytosterol, and tocopherol contents, quality characteristics, and antioxidant potential of peanut seed oil. The DPPH method was used to determine the antioxidant activity of the oils. The results revealed that fatty acid content was slightly affected by the extraction technique. However, the CP method was shown to be an excellent approach for extracting oil with desirable quality features compared to the Sox and Mac methods. Furthermore, the peanut oil extracted via CP carried a higher amount of bioactive compounds and exhibited remarkable antioxidant activities. The findings also revealed higher oleic acid levels from the Virginia oil, ranging from 56.46% to 56.99%. Besides, a higher total phytosterol and tocopherol content and DPPH scavenging capacity were obtained from the Valencia oil. Analyzing the study, it can be inferred that extraction method and variety both affect the composition of the peanut oil's bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. This information is relevant for extracting peanut oil with a greater level of compounds of industrial interest.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/chemistry
  8. Saccharobesus litoralis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel alginate-degrading bacterium isolated from the surface of intertidal algal turf
    Amrina RA, Furusawa G, Lau NS
    Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2021 Nov;71(11).
    PMID: 34752210 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005087
    A novel rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic and alginate-degrading marine bacterium, designated CCB-QB4T, was isolated from a surface of algal turf collected from a coastal area of Penang, Malaysia. The cells showed motility by a lateral flagellum. The rod-shaped cells formed long chains end-to-end. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CCB-QB4T showed 94.07, 92.69, 91.52 and 90.90 % sequence similarity to Algibacillus agarilyticus RQJ05T, Catenovulum maritimum Q1T, Catenovulum agarivorans YM01T and Catenovulum sediminis D2T, respectively. Strain CCB-QB4T formed a cluster with A. agarilyticus RQJ05T. Strain CCB-QB4T was catalase-negative, oxidase-positive, and degraded agar, alginate, and starch. Cell growth was observed at 15-40 °C, at pH 7.0-10.0 and in the presence of 1-6 % (w/v) NaCl and glucose. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), C16 : 0 and C18 : 1 ω7c. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and unidentified lipid. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8. The genomic DNA G+C content was 46.7 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain CCB-BQ4T represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Saccharobesus litoralis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CCB-QB4T (=JCM 33513T=CCB-MBL 5008T).
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/chemistry
  9. Insulin Transdermal Delivery System for Diabetes Treatment Using a Biocompatible Ionic Liquid-Based Microemulsion
    Islam MR, Uddin S, Chowdhury MR, Wakabayashi R, Moniruzzaman M, Goto M
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2021 Sep 15;13(36):42461-42472.
    PMID: 34460218 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11533
    Since injection administration for diabetes is invasive, it is important to develop an effective transdermal method for insulin. However, transdermal delivery remains challenging owing to the strong barrier function of the stratum corneum (SC) of the skin. Here, we developed ionic liquid (IL)-in-oil microemulsion formulations (MEFs) for transdermal insulin delivery using choline-fatty acids ([Chl][FAs])-comprising three different FAs (C18:0, C18:1, and C18:2)-as biocompatible surface-active ILs (SAILs). The MEFs were successfully developed using [Chl][FAs] as surfactants, sorbitan monolaurate (Span-20) as a cosurfactant, choline propionate IL as an internal polar phase, and isopropyl myristate as a continuous oil phase. Ternary phase behavior, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy studies revealed that MEFs were thermodynamically stable with nanoparticle size. The MEFs significantly enhanced the transdermal permeation of insulin via the intercellular route by compromising the tight lamellar structure of SC lipids through a fluidity-enhancing mechanism. In vivo transdermal administration of low insulin doses (50 IU/kg) to diabetic mice showed that MEFs reduced blood glucose levels (BGLs) significantly compared with a commercial surfactant-based formulation by increasing the bioavailability of insulin in the systemic circulation and sustained the insulin level for a much longer period (half-life > 24 h) than subcutaneous injection (half-life 1.32 h). When [Chl][C18:2] SAIL-based MEF was transdermally administered, it reduced the BGL by 56% of its initial value. The MEFs were biocompatible and nontoxic (cell viability > 90%). They remained stable at room temperature for 3 months and their biological activity was retained for 4 months at 4 °C. We believe SAIL-based MEFs will alter current approaches to insulin therapy and may be a potential transdermal nanocarrier for protein and peptide delivery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/chemistry
  10. Lactobacillus nasalidis sp. nov., isolated from the forestomach of a captive proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus)
    Suzuki-Hashido N, Tsuchida S, Hayakawa T, Sakamoto M, Azumano A, Seino S, et al.
    Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2021 Apr;71(4).
    PMID: 33906706 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004787
    Three strains (YZ01T, YZ02 and YZ03) of Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic rods were isolated from the forestomach contents collected from a captive male proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) at Yokohama Zoo in Japan. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that these strains belonged to the genus Lactobacillus. Based on the sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus JCM 15610T was the closest phylogenetic neighbour to YZ01T. Sequence analyses of two partial concatenated housekeeping genes, the RNA polymerase alpha subunit (rpoA) and phenylalanyl-tRNA synthase alpha subunit (pheS) also indicated that the novel strains belonged to the genus Lactobacillus. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) between L. delbrueckii subsp. indicus and YZ01T were 85.9 and 31.4 %, respectively. The phylogenetic tree based on the whole genomic data of strains YZ01T, YZ02 and YZ03 suggested that these three strains formed a single monophyletic cluster in the genus Lactobacillus, indicating that it belonged to a new species. The DNA G+C content of strain YZ01T was 51.6 mol%. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0 and C18 : 1 ω9c. Therefore, based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and physiological evidence, strains YZ01T, YZ02 and YZ03 represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus nasalidis sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain YZ01T (=JCM 33769T=DSM 110539T).
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/chemistry
  11. Fulltext Metabolic Profile of Scytalidium parasiticum-Ganoderma boninense Co-Cultures Revealed the Alkaloids, Flavonoids and Fatty Acids that Contribute to Anti-Ganoderma Activity
    Ahmad R, Lim CK, Marzuki NF, Goh YK, Azizan KA, Goh YK, et al.
    Molecules, 2020 Dec 16;25(24).
    PMID: 33339375 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245965
    In solving the issue of basal stem rot diseases caused by Ganoderma, an investigation of Scytalidium parasiticum as a biological control agent that suppresses Ganoderma infection has gained our interest, as it is more environmentally friendly. Recently, the fungal co-cultivation has emerged as a promising method to discover novel antimicrobial metabolites. In this study, an established technique of co-culturing Scytalidium parasiticum and Ganoderma boninense was applied to produce and induce metabolites that have antifungal activity against G. boninense. The crude extract from the co-culture media was applied to a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) preparative column to isolate the bioactive compounds, which were tested against G. boninense. The fractions that showed inhibition against G. boninense were sent for a Liquid Chromatography-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) analysis to further identify the compounds that were responsible for the microbicidal activity. Interestingly, we found that eudistomin I, naringenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside and penipanoid A, which were present in different abundances in all the active fractions, except in the control, could be the antimicrobial metabolites. In addition, the abundance of fatty acids, such as oleic acid and stearamide in the active fraction, also enhanced the antimicrobial activity. This comprehensive metabolomics study could be used as the basis for isolating biocontrol compounds to be applied in oil palm fields to combat a Ganoderma infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/chemistry*
  12. Chitinophaga extrema sp. nov., isolated from subsurface soil and leaf litter in a tropical peat swamp forest
    Goh CBS, Wong LW, Parimannan S, Rajandas H, Loke S, Croft L, et al.
    Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2020 Dec;70(12):6355-6363.
    PMID: 33146596 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004539
    A Gram-negative, filamentous aerobic bacterium designated as strain Mgbs1T was isolated on 12 April 2017 from the subsurface soil and leaf litter substrate at the base of a Koompassia malaccensis tree in a tropical peat swamp forest in the northern regions of the state of Selangor, Malaysia (3° 39' 04.7' N 101° 17' 43.7'' E). Phylogenetic analyses based on the full 16S rRNA sequence revealed that strain Mgbs1T belongs to the genus Chitinophaga with the greatest sequence similarity to Chitinophaga terrae KP01T (97.65 %), Chitinophaga jiangningensis DSM27406T (97.58 %), and Chitinophaga dinghuensis DHOC24T (97.17 %). The major fatty acids of strain Mgbs1T (>10 %) are iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1 ω5c and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH while the predominant respiratory quinone is menaquinone-7. Strain Mgbs1T has a complete genome size of 8.03 Mb, with a G+C content of 48.5 mol%. The DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) score between strain Mgbs1T and C. jiangningensis DSM27406T was 15.9 %, while in silico DDH values of strain Mgbs1T against C. dinghuensis DHOC24T and C. terrae KP01T were 20.0 and 19.10% respectively. Concurrently, Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) scores between strain Mgbs1T against all three reference strains are 73.2 %. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic consensus, strain Mgbs1T represents a novel species of the genus Chitinophaga, for which the name Chitinophaga extrema sp. nov. is proposed (=DSM 108835T=JCM 33276T).
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/chemistry
  13. Oecophyllibacter saccharovorans gen. nov. sp. nov., a bacterial symbiont of the weaver ant Oecophylla smaragdina
    Chua KO, See-Too WS, Tan JY, Song SL, Yong HS, Yin WF, et al.
    J Microbiol, 2020 Dec;58(12):988-997.
    PMID: 33095388 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-020-0325-8
    In this study, bacterial strains Ha5T, Ta1, and Jb2 were isolated from different colonies of weaver ant Oecophylla smaragdina. They were identified as bacterial symbionts of the ant belonging to family Acetobacteraceae and were distinguished as different strains based on distinctive random-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprints. Cells of these bacterial strains were Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. They were able to grow at 15-37°C (optimum, 28-30°C) and in the presence of 0-1.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%). Their predominant cellular fatty acids were C18:1ω7c, C16:0, C19:0ω8c cyclo, C14:0, and C16:0 2-OH. Strains Ha5T, Ta1, and Jb2 shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (94.56-94.63%) with Neokomagataea tanensis NBRC106556T of family Acetobacteraceae. Both 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis and core gene-based phylogenomic analysis placed them in a distinct lineage in family Acetobacteraceae. These bacterial strains shared higher than species level thresholds in multiple overall genome-relatedness indices which indicated that they belonged to the same species. In addition, they did not belong to any of the current taxa of Acetobacteraceae as they had low pairwise average nucleotide identity (< 71%), in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (< 38%) and average amino acid identity (< 67%) values with all the type members of the family. Based on these results, bacterial strains Ha5T, Ta1, and Jb2 represent a novel species of a novel genus in family Acetobacteaceae, for which we propose the name Oecophyllibacter saccharovorans gen. nov. sp. nov., and strain Ha5T as the type strain.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/chemistry
  14. Biosurfactants from Marine Cyanobacteria Collected in Sabah, Malaysia
    Mehjabin JJ, Wei L, Petitbois JG, Umezawa T, Matsuda F, Vairappan CS, et al.
    J Nat Prod, 2020 06 26;83(6):1925-1930.
    PMID: 32432877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00164
    Chemical investigation of the organic extract from Moorea bouillonii, collected in Sabah, Malaysia, led to the isolation of three new chlorinated fatty acid amides, columbamides F (1), G (2), and H (3). The planar structures of 1-3 were established by a combination of mass spectrometric and NMR spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by Marfey's analysis of its hydrolysate and chiral-phase HPLC analysis after conversion and esterification with Ohrui's acid, (1S,2S)-2-(anthracene-2,3-dicarboximido)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. Compound 1 showed biosurfactant activity by an oil displacement assay. Related known fatty acid amides columbamide D and serinolamide C exhibited biosurfactant activity with critical micelle concentrations of about 0.34 and 0.78 mM, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/chemistry
  15. Nocardiopsis deserti sp. nov., isolated from a high altitude Atacama Desert soil
    Asem MD, Salam N, Idris H, Zhang XT, Bull AT, Li WJ, et al.
    Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2020 May;70(5):3210-3218.
    PMID: 32320378 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004158
    The taxonomic status of a Nocardiopsis strain, designated H13T, isolated from a high altitude Atacama Desert soil, was established by using a polyphasic approach. The strain was found to have chemotaxonomic, cultural and morphological characteristics consistent with its classification within the genus Nocardiopsis and formed a well-supported clade in the Nocardiopsis phylogenomic tree together with the type strains of Nocardiopsis alborubida, Nocardiopsis dassonvillei and Nocardiopsis synnematoformans. Strain H13T was distinguished from its closest relatives by low average nucleotide identity (93.2-94.9 %) and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (52.5-62.4 %) values calculated from draft genome assemblies and by a range of phenotypic properties. On the basis of these results, it is proposed that the isolate be assigned to the genus Nocardiopsis as Nocardiopsis deserti sp. nov. with isolate H13T (=CGMCC 4.7585T=KCTC 49249T) as the type strain.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/chemistry
  16. Effects of Excess and Limited Phosphate on Biomass, Lipid and Fatty Acid Contents and the Expression of Four Fatty Acid Desaturase Genes in the Tropical Selenastraceaen Messastrum gracile SE-MC4
    Anne-Marie K, Yee W, Loh SH, Aziz A, Cha TS
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2020 Apr;190(4):1438-1456.
    PMID: 31782088 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03182-z
    In this study, the effects of limited and excess phosphate on biomass content, oil content, fatty acid profile and the expression of three fatty acid desaturases in Messastrum gracile SE-MC4 were determined. It was found that total biomass (0.67-0.83 g L-1), oil content (30.99-38.08%) and the duration for cells to reach stationary phase (25-27 days) were not considerably affected by phosphate limitation. However, excess phosphate slightly reduced total biomass and oil content to 0.50 g L-1 and 25.36% respectively. The dominant fatty acids in M. gracile, pamitic acid (C16:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) which constitute more than 81% of the total fatty acids remained relatively high and constant across all phosphate concentrations. Reduction of phosphate concentration to 25% and below significantly increased total MUFA, whereas increasing phosphate concentration to ≥ 50% and ≥ 100% significantly increased total SFA and PUFA content respectively. The expression of omega-3 fatty acid desaturase (ω-3 FADi1, ω-3 FADi2) and omega-6 fatty acid desaturase (ω-6 FAD) was increased under phosphate limitation, especially at ≤ 12.5% phosphate, whereas levels of streoyl-ACP desaturase (SAD) transcripts were relatively unchanged across all phosphate concentrations. The first isoform of ω-3 FAD (ω-3 FADi) displayed a binary upregulation under limited (≤ 12.5%) and excess (200%) phosphate. The expression of ω-6 FAD, ω-3 FAD and SAD were inconsistent with the accumulation of oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2) and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3), suggesting that these genes may be regulated indirectly by phosphate availability via post-transcriptional or post-translational mechanisms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/chemistry*
  17. Chitinasiproducens palmae gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Burkholderiaceae isolated from leaf tissues of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
    Madhaiyan M, See-Too WS, Ee R, Saravanan VS, Wirth JS, Alex THH, et al.
    Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2020 Apr;70(4):2640-2647.
    PMID: 32202992 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004084
    A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, leaf-associated bacterium, designated JS23T, was isolated from surface-sterilized leaf tissue of an oil palm grown in Singapore and was investigated by polyphasic taxonomy. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and 180 conserved genes in the genome of several members of Burkholderiaceae revealed that strain JS23T formed a distinct evolutionary lineage independent of other taxa within the family Burkholderiaceae. The predominant ubiquinone was Q-8. The primary polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and an unidentified aminophospholipid. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c /C16 : 1 ω6c) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c /C18 : 1 ω6c). The size of the genome is 5.36 Mbp with a DNA G+C content of 66.2 mol%. Genomic relatedness measurements such as average nucleotide identity, genome-to-genome distance and digital DNA-DNA hybridization clearly distinguished strain JS23T from the closely related genera Burkholderia, Caballeronia, Mycetohabitans, Mycoavidus, Pandoraea, Paraburkholderia, Robbsia and Trinickia. Furthermore, average amino acid identity values and the percentages of conserved proteins, 56.0-68.4 and 28.2-45.5, respectively, were well below threshold values for genus delineation and supported the assignment of JS23T to a novel genus. On the basis of the phylogenetic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and phylogenomic evidence, strain JS23T is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Burkholderiaceae, for which the name Chitinasiproducens palmae gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed with the type strain of JS23T (= DSM 27307T=KACC 17592T).
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/chemistry
  18. Fulltext Robertkochia solimangrovi sp. nov., isolated from mangrove soil, and emended description of the genus Robertkochia
    Lam MQ, Vodovnik M, Zorec M, Chen SJ, Goh KM, Yahya A, et al.
    Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2020 Mar;70(3):1769-1776.
    PMID: 31976852 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003970
    To date, there is sparse information for the genus Robertkochia with Robertkochia marina CC-AMO-30DT as the only described member. We report here a new species isolated from mangrove soil collected at Malaysia Tanjung Piai National Park and perform polyphasic characterization to determine its taxonomic position. Strain CL23T is a Gram-negative, yellow-pigmented, strictly aerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive bacterium. The optimal growth conditions were determined to be at pH 7.0, 30-37 °C and in 1-2 % (w/v) NaCl. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and the highly abundant polar lipids were four unidentified lipids, a phosphatidylethanolamine and two unidentified aminolipids. The 16S rRNA gene similarity between strain CL23T and R. marina CC-AMO-30DT is 96.67 %. Strain CL23T and R. marina CC-AMO-30DT clustered together and were distinguished from taxa of closely related genera in 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis. Genome sequencing revealed that strain CL23T has a genome size of 4.4 Mbp and a G+C content of 40.72 mol%. Overall genome related indexes including digital DNA-DNA hybridization value and average nucleotide identity are 17.70 % and approximately 70%, below the cutoffs of 70 and 95%, respectively, indicated that strain CL23T is a distinct species from R. marina CC-AMO-30DT. Collectively, based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genomic evidences presented here, strain CL23T is proposed to represent a new species with the name Robertkochia solimangrovi sp. nov. (KCTC 72252T=LMG 31418T). An emended description of the genus Robertkochia is also proposed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/chemistry
  19. Characterization of Polar and Non-Polar Compounds of House Edible Bird's Nest (EBN) from Johor, Malaysia
    Hun Lee T, Hau Lee C, Alia Azmi N, Kavita S, Wong S, Znati M, et al.
    Chem Biodivers, 2020 Jan;17(1):e1900419.
    PMID: 31721431 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900419
    This work investigated the polar (PC: protein, amino acid and metabolite) and non-polar (NPC: fatty acid) compounds and bioactivity characteristics of the EBN harvested from the state of Johor in Malaysia. The electrophoretic gels exhibited 15 protein bands (16-173 kD) with unique protein profile. Amino acids analysis by AccQ⋅Tag method revealed 18 types of amino acids in EBN. Metabolite profiling was performed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (HPLC-QTOF/MS) technique and a total of 54 compounds belonging to different groups were detected and identified. These findings help to uncover the relation of therapeutic activity of EBN. The EBN was further extracted with AcOEt and BuOH. The AcOEt extract was fractionated into three fractions (F1 -F3 ), and the high triglyceride content in F2 was verified by gC-FID. The three groups of fatty acids discovered in EBN are 48.43 % of poly-unsaturated (PUFA), 25.35 % of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and 24.74 % of mono-unsaturated fat (MUFA). This is the first time to report results ofEBN, BuOH, and AcOEt extracts and of fraction F2 (TEBN) on their analysis for their antioxidant activities by DPPH, ABTS and catalase assay and for their paraoxonase and anti-tyrosinase activities. The results showed that TEBN exhibited the significant bioactivity in all assays. These findings suggest that TEBN is a good source for natural bioactive compounds in promoting body vigor. Current work widened the content of EBN especially on the triglyceride and also marked the content of specific location (Johor, Malaysia) of EBN origin.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/chemistry
  20. Fulltext Redirecting Metabolic Flux towards the Mevalonate Pathway for Enhanced β-Carotene Production in M. circinelloides CBS 277.49
    Naz T, Nazir Y, Nosheen S, Ullah S, Halim H, Fazili ABA, et al.
    Biomed Res Int, 2020;2020:8890269.
    PMID: 33457420 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8890269
    Carotenoids produced by microbial sources are of industrial and medicinal importance due to their antioxidant and anticancer properties. In the current study, optimization of β-carotene production in M. circinelloides strain 277.49 was achieved using response surface methodology (RSM). Cerulenin and ketoconazole were used to inhibit fatty acids and the sterol biosynthesis pathway, respectively, in order to enhance β-carotene production by diverting metabolic pool towards the mevalonate pathway. All three variables used in screening experiments were found to be significant for the production of β-carotene. The synergistic effect of the C/N ratio, cerulenin, and ketoconazole was further evaluated and optimized for superior β-carotene production using central composite design of RSM. Our results found that the synergistic combination of C/N ratios, cerulenin, and ketoconazole at different concentrations affected the β-carotene productions significantly. The optimal production medium (std. order 11) composed of C/N 25, 10 μg/mL cerulenin, and 150 mg/L ketoconazole, producing maximum β-carotene of 4.26 mg/L (0.43 mg/g) which was 157% greater in comparison to unoptimized medium (1.68 mg/L, 0.17 mg/g). So, it was concluded that metabolic flux had been successfully redirected towards the mevalonate pathway for enhanced β-carotene production in CBS 277.49.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/chemistry
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