MyMedR

Fulltext Comparison of effects of mass annual and biannual single dose therapy with diethylcarbamazine for the control of Malayan filariasis

Panicker KN, Krishnamoorthy K, Sabesan S, Prathiba J, Abidha

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1991 Sep;22(3):402-11.

PMID: 1818392

Annual and biannual mass single dose diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) at 6 mg/kg body weight was administered to people in a Brugia malayi endemic area in Shertallai part of Kerala, India, in 1987 and 1988. The coverage of population ranged between 41.33% and 66.01% in different rounds. The highest percentage of treated population developing side reactions was 8.4%. Both annual and biannual regimens were effective in reducing the microfilaria prevalence significantly from 4.90% to 1.23% and from 6.27% to 0.62% respectively and the incidence of infection was minimal in the adult population and zero among children. There was significant reduction in mean microfilaria count in both annual (81.08%) and biannual (98.00%) areas. Marked reduction in the proportion of high density carriers and infectivity index of the population after DEC therapy was also observed. Beneficial effect of mass single dose DEC on clinical cases of filariasis was evident from the reduction in the prevalence of acute manifestations, recent edema cases and the proportion of chronic cases with acute episodes. Results obtained from mass treatment areas were compared with those of the control area.

Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/drug therapy*; Filariasis/epidemiology; Filariasis/prevention & control

Treatment of subperiodic Brugia malayi infection with a single dose of ivermectin

Mak JW, Navaratnam V, Grewel JS, Mansor SM, Ambu S

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1993 Apr;48(4):591-6.

PMID: 8480868

A clinical trial on the efficacy of a single oral dose of ivermectin at 20, 50, 100, and 200 micrograms/kg was carried out in 40 subjects with subperiodic Brugia malayi microfilaremia. There was no significant difference in the clearance of microfilaremia in the four treatment groups, and the lowest geometric mean microfilarial count (GMC) achieved in the 40 subjects was 8.8/ml or 8.3% of the initial count (106.1/ml), at two weeks post-treatment. The GMC started to increase at one month post-treatment and by six months was 22.2% of the initial GMC. Only 27.5%, 23.1%, 15.0%, and 18.9% of subjects were amicrofilaremic at two, four, 12, and 24 weeks post-treatment, respectively. Mild fever in 35% of the subjects was the primary side reaction and was more common in those with microfilarial counts > or = 500/ml (85.7%) than in those with counts < 500/ml (32%). The clearance of B. malayi microfilaremia by ivermectin was less rapid than that reported for Wuchereria bancrofti. The smaller number of side reactions encountered in the present study compared with those reported for bancroftian filariasis is probably related to the lower microfilarial density in the present subjects. Since ivermectin at a single oral dose of 20-200 micrograms/kg can reduce the GMC to less than 10% at two weeks and maintain it below 25% of the initial level even at six months post-treatment, it is recommended that the drug be seriously evaluated for use in the control of brugian filariasis.

Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/blood; Filariasis/drug therapy*

Microfilaria in hydrocele fluid cytology

Chandran PA, Jayaram G, Mahmud R, Anuar AK

Malays J Pathol, 2004 Dec;26(2):119-23.

PMID: 16329565

Filariasis, a parasitic infection endemic in parts of India, Myanmar, islands of the South Pacific, West and East Africa and Saudi Arabia can be diagnosed from various types of cytopathological specimens. This case documents the detection of filarial infection from hydrocele fluid cytology in a 30-year-old Myanmar migrant worker in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/parasitology*; Filariasis/pathology

Fulltext Morphological and molecular characteristics of Malayfilaria sofiani Uni, Mat Udin & Takaoka n. g., n. sp. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from the common treeshrew Tupaia glis Diard & Duvaucel (Mammalia: Scandentia) in Peninsular Malaysia

Uni S, Mat Udin AS, Agatsuma T, Saijuntha W, Junker K, Ramli R, et al.

Parasit Vectors, 2017 Apr 20;10(1):194.

PMID: 28427478 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2105-9

BACKGROUND: The filarial nematodes Wuchereria bancrofti (Cobbold, 1877), Brugia malayi (Brug, 1927) and B. timori Partono, Purnomo, Dennis, Atmosoedjono, Oemijati & Cross, 1977 cause lymphatic diseases in humans in the tropics, while B. pahangi (Buckley & Edeson, 1956) infects carnivores and causes zoonotic diseases in humans in Malaysia. Wuchereria bancrofti, W. kalimantani Palmieri, Pulnomo, Dennis & Marwoto, 1980 and six out of ten Brugia spp. have been described from Australia, Southeast Asia, Sri Lanka and India. However, the origin and evolution of the species in the Wuchereria-Brugia clade remain unclear. While investigating the diversity of filarial parasites in Malaysia, we discovered an undescribed species in the common treeshrew Tupaia glis Diard & Duvaucel (Mammalia: Scandentia).

METHODS: We examined 81 common treeshrews from 14 areas in nine states and the Federal Territory of Peninsular Malaysia for filarial parasites. Once any filariae that were found had been isolated, we examined their morphological characteristics and determined the partial sequences of their mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and 12S rRNA genes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region were then cloned into the pGEM-T vector, and the recombinant plasmids were used as templates for sequencing.

RESULTS: Malayfilaria sofiani Uni, Mat Udin & Takaoka, n. g., n. sp. is described based on the morphological characteristics of adults and microfilariae found in common treeshrews from Jeram Pasu, Kelantan, Malaysia. The Kimura 2-parameter distance between the cox1 gene sequences of the new species and W. bancrofti was 11.8%. Based on the three gene sequences, the new species forms a monophyletic clade with W. bancrofti and Brugia spp. The adult parasites were found in tissues surrounding the lymph nodes of the neck of common treeshrews.

CONCLUSIONS: The newly described species appears most closely related to Wuchereria spp. and Brugia spp., but differs from these in several morphological characteristics. Molecular analyses based on the cox1 and 12S rRNA genes and the ITS1 region indicated that this species differs from both W. bancrofti and Brugia spp. at the genus level. We thus propose a new genus, Malayfilaria, along with the new species M. sofiani.

Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/epidemiology; Filariasis/parasitology; Filariasis/veterinary*

FILARIASIS AMONG ABORIGINES AND MALAYS LIVING CLOSE TO KUALA LUMPUR

RAMACHANDRAN CP, HOO CC, BIN OMARAH

Med J Malaysia, 1964 Mar;18:193-200.

PMID: 14157185

Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis*

Studies on filariasis in Malaya: on the migration and rate of growth of Wuchereria malayi in experimentally infected cats

EDESON JF, BUCKLEY JJ

Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 1959 Apr;53(1):113-9.

PMID: 13650497

Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis*

Study of types of some species of "Filaria" (Nematoda) parasites of small mammals described by Von Linstow and Molin

Guerrero R, Bain O

Parasite, 2011 May;18(2):151-61.

PMID: 21678791

Parasitic nematodes from the Berlin (ZMB) and Vienna (NMW) Museum collections referred to the genus Filaria Mueller, 1787 by von Linstow or Molin were studied. Three samples were in good condition and the specimens redescribed. Litomosa hepatica (von Linstow, 1897) n. comb., sample ZMB Vermes Entozoa 3368, from the megachiropteran Pteropus neohibernicus, Bismarck Archipelago, resembles L. maki Tibayrenc, Bain & Ramanchandran, 1979, from Pteropus vampyrus, in Malaysia, but the buccal capsule differs. Both species display particular morphological characters which differ from species of Litomosa parasitic in microchiropterans. The remaining material originates from Brazil. The spicule morphology of Litomosoides circularis (von Linstow, 1899) Chandler, 1931, sample ZMB Vermes Entozoa 1059 from Hesperomys spec. (= Holochilus brasiliensis), Porto Alegre, confirms that it belongs to the sigmodontis group; the microfilaria presents characters of the genus Litomosoides, e.g. body attenuated at both extremities and salient cephalic hook. Taxonomic discussions by others confirm that species of Litomosoides belonging to the sigmodontis group and described subsequently are distinct from L. circularis. Litomosoides serpicula (Molin, 1858) Guerrero, Martin, Gardner & Bain, 2002, is redescribed, sample NMW 6323 from the bat Phyllostoma spiculatum (= Sturnira lilium), Ypanema. It is very close to L. brasiliensis Almeida, 1936, type host Moytis sp., but distinguished by a single ring in the buccal capsule, rather than two, supporting previous conclusions that the taxon L. brasiliensis, as generally regarded, may represent a complex of species. Samples NMW 6322 and NMW 6324, from other bats and also identified by Molin (1858) as Filaria serpicula, contain unidentifiable fragments of Litomosoides incertae sedis. Filaria hyalina von Linstow, 1890, sample ZMB Vermes Entozoa Q 3905 from Sorer vulgaris (= Sorex araneus), is incertae sedis because it contains two unidentifiable posterior parts of male, which might be an acuarid, Stammerinema sp. Filaria vesperuginis von Linstow, 1885, sample ZMB Vermes Entozoa Q 3929, from the bat Vesperugo serotinus (= Eptesicus serotinus), contains encysted nematode larvae and is a nomen dubium.

Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/parasitology; Filariasis/veterinary*

A parasitological study of Pulau Pinang and Pulau Perhentian Kechil, off Trengganu, West Malaysia. I. Malaria and filariasis

Yap LF, Ramachandran CP, Balasingam E

Med J Malaya, 1968 Dec;23(2):118-22.

PMID: 4240821

Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/epidemiology*

Filariasis in Sabah, East Malaysia

Barclay R

Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 1969 Dec;63(4):473-88.

PMID: 4393668

Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/complications; Filariasis/epidemiology*

The etiology and pathology of eosinophilic lung (tropical eosinophilia)

Danaraj TJ, Pacheco G, Shanmugaratnam K, Beaver PC

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1966 Mar;15.(2):183-9.

PMID: 5910525

The finding of microfilariae in lung tissue from patients with eosinophilic lung is reported and the histopathological appearances are described.

Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/complications*; Filariasis/drug therapy

Iron and iron oxide nanoparticles are highly toxic to Culex quinquefasciatus with little non-target effects on larvivorous fishes

Murugan K, Dinesh D, Nataraj D, Subramaniam J, Amuthavalli P, Madhavan J, et al.

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2018 Apr;25(11):10504-10514.

PMID: 28988379 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0313-7

The control of filariasis vectors has been enhanced in several areas, but there are main challenges, including increasing resistance to insecticides and lack of cheap and eco-friendly products. The toxicity of iron (Fe0) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles has been scarcely investigated yet. We studied the larvicidal and pupicidal activity of Fe0 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles against Culex quinquefasciatus. Fe0 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles produced by green (using a Ficus natalensis aqueous extract) and chemical nanosynthesis, respectively, were analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD analysis, SEM, and EDX assays. In larvicidal and pupicidal experiments on Cx. quinquefasciatus, LC50 of Fe0 nanoparticles ranged from 20.9 (I instar larvae) to 43.7 ppm (pupae) and from 4.5 (I) to 22.1 ppm (pupae) for Fe2O3 nanoparticles synthesized chemically. Furthermore, the predation efficiency of the guppy fish, Poecilia reticulata, after a single treatment with sub-lethal doses of Fe0 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles was magnified. Overall, this work provides new insights about the toxicity of Fe0 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles against mosquito vectors; we suggested that green and chemical fabricated nano-iron may be considered to develop novel and effective pesticides.

Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis

Two microsatellite loci from Brugia malayi show polymorphisms among isolates from Indonesia and Malaysia

Underwood AP, Supali T, Wu Y, Bianco AE

Mol Biochem Parasitol, 2000 Mar 05;106(2):299-302.

PMID: 10699259

Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/parasitology

Filariasis due to Brugia malayi in west Malayasia. I. Clinical, laboratory, and parasitological aspects

Dondero TJ, Ramachandran CP, Bin Yusoff O

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1971 Dec;2(4):503-15.

PMID: 5144151

Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/blood; Filariasis/etiology*; Filariasis/immunology; Filariasis/pathology

New hosts of Breinlia booliati in wild rats from Sarawak with further observations on its morphology

Joon-Wah M, Boo-Liat L

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1974 Mar;5(1):22-8.

PMID: 4839077

Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/veterinary*

STUDIES ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND TRANSMISSION OF MALARIA AND FILARIASIS AMONG ABORIGINES IN MALAYA

WHARTON RH, LAING AB, CHEONG WH

Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 1963 Jun;57:235-54.

PMID: 14042655

Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis*

Further studies on malaria in Krain with a note on filariasis

GRIFFITH DH, MAURER SP, CHOO LS

Med J Malaya, 1957 Sep;12(1):348-72.

PMID: 13492807

Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/epidemiology*

Filariasis in Singapore

DANARAJ TJ, SCHACHER JF, COLLESS DH

Med J Malaya, 1958 Jun;12(4):605-12.

PMID: 13577153

Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/epidemiology*

Bancroftian filariasis and malaria in island and hinterland populations in Sabah, Malaysia

Hii J, Kan S, Pereira M, Parmar SS, Campos RL, Chan MK

Trop Geogr Med, 1985 Jun;37(2):93-101.

PMID: 3898498

An epidemiological survey of filariasis and malaria in Banggi Island and Upper Kinabatangan, Sabah, revealed microfilarial rates of 7.2% and 8.6% respectively and malaria prevalence of 9.7% and 16.9% respectively. Wuchereria bancrofti was a rural nocturnally periodic type with a periodicity index of 137.2 and average peak hour at 01.32 hrs; 9.2% of microfilaremic carriers as compared to 2.4% amicrofilaremic subjects had clinical filariasis. The Plasmodium falciparum: P. vivax: P. malariae ratios were 1:1:0.17 and 1.4:1:0.12 for Banggi and Upper Kinabatangan respectively. Anopheles flavirostris was incriminated as a new malaria vector in Banggi where the well-known primary malaria vector is An. balabacensis. The latter was also found for the first time to be a vector of rural W. bancrofti in Upper Kinabatangan. Experimental feeding also showed that L3 larvae of W. bancrofti were recovered at low rates from An. balabacensis. Aedes togoi appeared to be a suitable laboratory vector for W. bancrofti.

Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/epidemiology*

Anopheles (Cellia) balabacensis Baisas is a vector of Wuchereria bancrofti in Sabah, Malaysia

Hii JL, Kan S, Foh CK, Chan MK

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1984;78(2):281-2.

PMID: 6380019

Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/transmission*

Effectiveness of repellent/insecticidal bars against malaria and filariasis vectors in peninsular Malaysia

Chiang GL, Tay SL, Eng KL, Chan ST

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1990 Sep;21(3):412-7.

PMID: 1981629

Field tests were conducted to compare the degree of protection from bites of Mansonia species and Anopheles maculatus by applying two repellent/insecticidal bars, MOSBAR and MOSKIL, to exposed arms and legs. Human test subjects were exposed to natural populations of mosquitos for an 8-hour night time period while using the repellent/insecticidal bars. MOSBAR gave good protection against the bites of Mansonia and An. maculatus. MOSKIL was effective against An. maculatus but not against Mansonia. High mortality was observed among the mosquitos collected from human test subjects treated with the repellent/insecticidal bars. Use of MOSBAR in terms of cost-effectiveness and safety by field and health workers entering into malaria and filariasis endemic areas is discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/prevention & control*

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