Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 143 in total

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  1. Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis identified the chromosomal aberrations and putative genes involved in Prostate Tumorigenesis of Malaysian men
    Nenny Noorina Saaid, Reena Rahayu Md Zin, Siti Aishah Md Ali, Sharifah Noor Akmal Syed Hussain, Zulkifli Zainuddin, Zubaidah Zakaria
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:1317-1326.
    The identification of chromosomal aberrations in prostate cancer has been widely studied with several known oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have successfully been discovered. The most frequent aberrations detected in western population were losses in chromosome 5q, 6q, 8p, 13q, 16q, 17p, 18q and gains of 7p/q and 8q. The purpose of this study was to determine the chromosomal aberrations among Malaysian men of Southeast Asia population and discover those potential genes within that chromosomal aberrant region. Thirty-six formalin-fixed paraffin embedded specimens consist of eight organ-confined prostate cancer cases, five with capsular invasion, 14 showed metastasis and nine cases had no tumor stage recorded, were analyzed by array CGH technique. Chromosomal losses were frequently detected at 4q, 6q, 8p, 13q, 18q while gains at 7q, 11q, 12p, 16q and 17q. Gain of 16q24.3 was statistically significant with tumor size. Gains of 6q25.1 and Xq12 as well as losses of 3p13-p1.2 and 13q33.1-q33.3 were significantly correlated with Gleason grade whereas 12p13.31 gain was associated with bone metastasis. Several potential genes have also been found within that aberrant region which is myopodin (4q26-q27), ROBO1 (3p13-p11.2), ERCC5 (13q33.1-q33.3) and CD9 (12p13.31), suggesting that these genes may play a role in prostate cancer progression. The chromosomal aberrations identified by array CGH analysis could provide important clues to discover potential genes associated with prostate tumorigenesis of Malaysian men.
    Matched MeSH terms: Formaldehyde
  2. Feed-based vaccination regime against streptococcosis in red tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis mossambicus
    Ismail MS, Siti-Zahrah A, Syafiq MR, Amal MN, Firdaus-Nawi M, Zamri-Saad M
    BMC Vet Res, 2016;12(1):194.
    PMID: 27608936 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0834-1
    Streptococcosis is an important disease of tilapia throughout the world. In Malaysia, streptococcosis outbreak was commonly reported during the 3-month period of high water temperature between April and July. This study describes the duration of protection following single and double booster dose regimes against streptococcosis in tilapia using a feed-based vaccine containing formalin-killed Streptococcus agalactiae. A total of 510 tilapias of 120 ± 10 g were selected and divided into 3 groups. Fish of Group 1 were vaccinated at weeks 0 and 2 (single booster group) while fish of Group 2 were vaccinated at weeks 0, 2 and 6 (double booster group) with a feed-based vaccine against streptococcosis. Fish of Group 3 was not vaccinated. Serum samples were collected weekly to determine the antibody level while samples of eye, brain and kidney were collected for bacterial isolation. At week 10, all fish were challenged with live S. agalactiae and the survival rate was determined.
    Matched MeSH terms: Formaldehyde
  3. Fulltext Pyrosequencing-based quantitative evaluation of P16 methylation in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma
    Mohd. Ridah L.J., Ismail A., A. Talib N., Muhammad N., Hussain F.A., Zainuddin N.
    Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 2016;1(1):12-17.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Methylation of promoter region of p16 leading to gene silencing has been implicated ina wide range of malignancies including lymphomas. In diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) particularly, a varying percentage of epigenetic inactivation of p16 promoter region was observed ranging from 16 -54%. However, quantitative analysis of p16 promoter methylation in DLBCL has not been extensively studied in Malaysia. Objective: This study aims to quantitatively analyse p16 methylation in DLBCL samples using pyrosequencing technique. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from 16 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lymphoma tissue blocks from patients diagnosed with DLBCL. Samples were retrieved from Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Pahang and Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan. Primers were designed to amplify bisulfite-treated DNA targeting p16 promoter region. Methylation status of 7 CpG sites was determined by pyrosequencing. Results: All the 16 samples studied showed promoter methylation of p16. The range of mean methylation percentage was between 18 to 81%. Conclusion: The present study has successfully measured the level of methylation of p16 in all 7 CpG sites despite the limitation in sample size. Since p16 methylation is a common event in our series of DLBCL cases, it is worth including a larger sample size in future studies to increase the chance of finding a significant correlation with clinical parameters.
    Matched MeSH terms: Formaldehyde
  4. Fulltext P53/MDM2 co-expression correlates with the tumour differentiation in oral squamous cell carcinoma - a retrospective study and a systematic review
    Choon, Y.F., Ramanathan, A., Ali, H., Ghani, W.M.N., Cheong, S.C., Zain, R.B.
    Ann Dent, 2011;18(1):8-17.
    MyJurnal
    Background: MDM2 and p53 are involved in a negative feedback loop where p53 regulates MDM2 at the transcriptional level. MDM2, in turn, downregulates p53. This co-ordinated interaction between these proteins is set to play an important role in the regulation of cell cycle progression following DNA damage to cells. The over-expression of both p53 and MDM2 has been reported in various cancers. However there are only few studies discussing the co-expression of MDM2 with p53 in oral squamous cell carcinoma Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of co-expression of p53, MDM2, and Ki-67 proteins with clinico-pathological factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to conduct a systematic review of the co-expression of p53/MDM2.

    Method: This is a retrospective descriptive study and a systematic review. Formalin-fixed paraffinembedded tissues from 45 OSCC cases were stained by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for p53, MDM2, and Ki-67 proteins.

    Results: Immuno-reactivity for p53, MDM2, and Ki-67 was seen in 75.6%, 97.8%, and 62.2% cases of OSCC respectively. The co-expression of p53 and MDM2 (p53/MDM2) was detected in 97.1%, however there was no significant correlation between p53 and MDM2 expression. Notably, p53/MDM2 coexpression was significantly associated with tumour differentiation (p-value = 0.045). The Ki-67LI was not significantly associated with neither MDM2 nor p53/MDM2 co-expression (p-value = 0.268, 0.916 respectively).

    Conclusion: The expression of MDM2 was not signif icantly associated with p53 expression suggesting that MDM2 expression is mediated by p53-independent pathways or mutated p53 could not induce the expression of MDM2 in this set of OSCCs. The only clinico-pathological parameter that correlates significantly with co-expression of p53/MDM2 is tumour differentiation where it is suggestive that the co-expression of these 2 proteins is indicative of aggressive tumour behavior.
    Matched MeSH terms: Formaldehyde
  5. Fulltext The impact of local surface changes in Borneo on atmospheric composition at wider spatial scales: coastal processes, land-use change and air quality
    Pyle JA, Warwick NJ, Harris NR, Abas MR, Archibald AT, Ashfold MJ, et al.
    Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 2011 Nov 27;366(1582):3210-24.
    PMID: 22006963 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0060
    We present results from the OP3 campaign in Sabah during 2008 that allow us to study the impact of local emission changes over Borneo on atmospheric composition at the regional and wider scale. OP3 constituent data provide an important constraint on model performance. Treatment of boundary layer processes is highlighted as an important area of model uncertainty. Model studies of land-use change confirm earlier work, indicating that further changes to intensive oil palm agriculture in South East Asia, and the tropics in general, could have important impacts on air quality, with the biggest factor being the concomitant changes in NO(x) emissions. With the model scenarios used here, local increases in ozone of around 50 per cent could occur. We also report measurements of short-lived brominated compounds around Sabah suggesting that oceanic (and, especially, coastal) emission sources dominate locally. The concentration of bromine in short-lived halocarbons measured at the surface during OP3 amounted to about 7 ppt, setting an upper limit on the amount of these species that can reach the lower stratosphere.
    Matched MeSH terms: Formaldehyde/chemistry
  6. Fulltext Cell surface proteins of cryptococcus neoformans mediate adherence and internalisation into mammalian cells
    Choo, K.K., Chin, V.K., Chong, P.P., Ho, S.H., Yong, V.C.
    JUMMEC, 2019;22(2):24-30.
    MyJurnal
    Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated fungal pathogen that causes severe disease primarily in
    immunocompromised patients. Adherence and internalisation of microbial pathogens into host cells often
    begin with engagement of microbes to the surface receptors of host. However, the mechanisms involved
    remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the association of cell surface determinants of C.
    neoformans with mammalian cells. Our results showed that treatment with trypsin, but not paraformaldehyde
    or heat killing, could reduce host-cryptococci interaction, suggesting the involvement of cell surface proteins
    (CSPs) of C. neoformans in the interaction. We extended our investigations to determine the roles of CSPs
    during cryptococci-host cells interaction by extracting and conjugating CSPs of C. neoformans to latex beads.
    Conjugation of CSPs with both encapsulated and acapsular C. neoformans increased the association of latex
    beads with mammalian alveolar epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages.
    Further examination on the actin organisation of the host cells implied the involvement of actin-dependent
    phagocytosis in the internalisation of C. neoformans in CSP-conjugated latex beads. We hypothesised that
    CSPs present on the cell wall of C. neoformans mediate the adherence and actin-dependent phagocytosis
    of cryptococci by mammalian cells. Our results warrant further studies on the exact role of CSPs in the
    pathogenesis of cryptococcosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Formaldehyde
  7. Fulltext Checklist of Fishes at Pergau Lake, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
    Alias MIM, Hambali K, Amir A, Fauzi N, Hassin H, Yin SA
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2019 Jan;30(1):161-167.
    PMID: 30847039 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2019.30.1.10
    A survey was conducted to determine the diversity of fish in Pergau Lake, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia from 2 September to 18 October of 2016. Fish samples were collected at seven random sampling stations around the lake by using setting trap method. The collected samples were preserved in 10% formalin solution and delivered to the laboratory for further identification process. Fourteen species, namely as Hemibagrus nemurus, Hampala macrolepidota, Clarias batrachus, Channa striata, Cyprinus carpio, Poropuntius smedleyi, Pangasius sp., Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis mossambicus, Leptobarbus hoevenii, Neolissochilus hexagonolepis, Tor tambroides, Osteochilus hasselti and Neolissochilus soroides, comprising of six families were collected during this study. From this study, family of Cyprinidae was the dominant species in Pergau Lake with exactly 50% of catch percentage, followed by family of Bagridae (29%), Cichlidae (10%), Clariidae (5%), Channidae (3%) and Pangasiidae (3%). This study shows that there is still a diversity of fish species in Pergau Lake, showing that the water and its environmental condition is very good.
    Matched MeSH terms: Formaldehyde
  8. Electrospun microcrystalline cellulose/chitosan porous composite nanofibrous membranes modified by non-thermal plasma for gaseous formaldehyde adsorption
    Xiong J, Luo R, Jia Z, Ge S, Lam SS, Xie L, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2024 Jan;256(Pt 2):128399.
    PMID: 38007014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128399
    To develop a green and facile adsorbent for removing indoor polluted formaldehyde (HCHO) gas, the biomass porous nanofibrous membranes (BPNMs) derived from microcrystalline cellulose/chitosan were fabricated by electrospinning. The enhanced chemical adsorption sites with diverse oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N)-containing functional groups were introduced on the surface of BPNMs by non-thermal plasma modification under carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2) atmospheres. The average nanofiber diameters of nanofibrous membranes and their nanomechanical elastic modulus and hardness values decreased from 341 nm to 175-317 nm and from 2.00 GPa and 0.25 GPa to 1.70 GPa and 0.21 GPa, respectively, after plasma activation. The plasma-activated nanofibers showed superior hydrophilicity (WCA = 0°) and higher crystallinity than that of the control. The optimal HCHO adsorption capacity (134.16 mg g-1) of BPNMs was achieved under a N2 atmosphere at a plasma power of 30 W and for 3 min, which was 62.42 % higher compared with the control. Pyrrolic N, pyridinic N, CO and O-C=O were the most significant O and N-containing functional groups for the improved chemical adsorption of the BPNMs. The adsorption mechanism involved a synergistic combination of physical and chemical adsorption. This study provides a novel strategy that combines clean plasma activation with electrospinning to efficiently remove gaseous HCHO.
    Matched MeSH terms: Formaldehyde/chemistry
  9. Fulltext Formaldehyde-inactivated whole-virus vaccine protects a murine model of enterovirus 71 encephalomyelitis against disease
    Ong KC, Devi S, Cardosa MJ, Wong KT
    J Virol, 2010 Jan;84(1):661-5.
    PMID: 19864378 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00999-09
    Enterovirus 71 (EV71) causes childhood hand, foot, and mouth disease and neurological complications, and no vaccines or therapeutic drugs are currently available. Formaldehyde-inactivated whole-virus vaccines derived from EV71 clinical isolates and a mouse-adapted virus (MAV) were tested in a mouse model of EV71 encephalomyelitis. After only two immunizations, given to mice at 1 and 7 days of age, the MAV vaccine protected mice at 14 days of age from disease. Tissues from immunized mice were negative for virus by viral culture, reverse transcriptase PCR, immunohistochemistry analysis, and in situ hybridization. Cross-neutralizing EV71 antibodies to strains with genotypes B3, B4, and C1 to C5 generated in immunized adult mice were able to passively protect 14-day-old mice from disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Formaldehyde/pharmacology
  10. Fulltext Exploring Two Protocols of FISH Using Cytocell SYT-SSX Probe on Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded Tissue Sections
    Yajid AI, Mohd Nafi SN, Salehan NA, Tuan Sharif SE
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2020 May 01;21(5):1241-1245.
    PMID: 32458628 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.5.1241
    BACKGROUND: Chromosomal translocation t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2) is the cytogenetic hallmark of synovial sarcoma and have been identified as an alternative diagnostic strategy in differentiating synovial sarcoma from other histologic mimics. This study was carried out to test the efficacy of two FISH protocols using the SYT-SSX break apart probe from Cytocell.

    METHODOLOGY: Representative paraffin blocks of synovial sarcoma were utilized in this study. FISH study was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections using the SYT-SSX break apart probe from Cytocell, to detect two form of SYT-SSX transcript, SYT-SSX1 and SYT-SSX2. FISH protocol, including the hybridization was done following two different protocols, Cytocell FISH protocol and Optimized Dako FISH protocol.

    RESULTS: Tissue samples subjected to FISH using Cytocell FISH protocol showed the absence of signal corresponding to the probe used. Utilizing Optimized Dako FISH protocol, the two signals (red and green) corresponding to the break-apart probes was detected. These findings suggested that Optimised Dako FISH protocol is more suited for use with the tested probe on paraffin embedded tissues in comparison to Cytocell FISH protocol.

    CONCLUSION: Optimised Dako FISH protocol was noted to be more suited for detecting SYT-SSX FISH signals on paraffin embedded tissues in comparison to Cytocell FISH protocol.

    Matched MeSH terms: Formaldehyde
  11. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus: An observation of routine practice in a tertiary liver centre before and after the introduction of the global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis
    Hoo CZ, Wan Abdullah WZ, Omar H, Tan SS
    Med J Malaysia, 2023 Mar;78(2):234-240.
    PMID: 36988536
    INTRODUCTION: Worldwide, around 296 million people have hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, most commonly transmitted from mother-to-child. Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis (GHSSVH) was introduced in May 2016, calling for elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030. This study aims to compare practice in a tertiary liver centre before and after GHSSVH introduction for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT).

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was performed in a tertiary referral liver centre in Malaysia, using data from electronic medical record from January 2015 to December 2019. A total of 1457 medical records of female with HBV infection were screened. The inclusion criteria of the study were pregnant women with HBsAg positive or known to have HBV infection during the study period. We excluded patients with co-infections of other types of viral hepatitis or human immunodeficiency virus, concurrent liver diseases (e.g.: autoimmune hepatitis, Wilson’s disease), previous organ transplant and malignancy—except for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

    RESULTS: This study included 117 pregnancies and 21/117 (17.9%) were on antiviral therapy (AVT) for HBV. In 2017– 2019, 13/18 (72.2%) of those with HBV DNA >200,000IU/ml were on AVT, compared to 5/9 (55.6%) for 2015–2016, indicating 58% (95% CI −63% to 568%) higher odds of being on AVT in post GHSSVH group after accounting for HBV DNA.

    CONCLUSION: Uptake of maternal AVT for the prevention of MTCT shows an increased trend since the introduction of GHSSVH, with room for improvement.

    Matched MeSH terms: Formaldehyde/pharmacology
  12. Endocan expression in placenta of women with hypertension
    Chew BS, Ghazali R, Othman H, Ismail NAM, Othman AS, Laim NMST, et al.
    J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2018 Oct 10.
    PMID: 30306675 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13836
    AIM: The aim of our study was to determine the endocan-1 expression in placenta of hypertensive women, and its association with maternal and fetal outcomes.

    METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study consisted of 21 pregnant women with hypertension and 23 without hypertension. The gestational age ranged from 28 to 39 weeks (hypertensive) and 32 to 40 weeks (normotensive). The paraffin embedded formalin fixed placenta tissue blocks were retrieved from the pathology archives. Endocan immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue sections of full thickness and maternal surface of the placenta. The endocan expression was determined in fetal endothelial cells, maternal endothelial cells, cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts and decidual cells. The differences in endocan expression in placenta between hypertensive and normotensive subjects were evaluated by Pearson chi-square test and t-test were used in the statistical analysis.

    RESULTS: The endocan expression was significantly higher in fetal endothelial cells (P

    Matched MeSH terms: Formaldehyde
  13. Fulltext PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AMONG HAUSA COMMUNITIES IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA
    Dawaki S, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Ithoi I, Ibrahim J, Abdulsalam AM, Ahmed A, et al.
    Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo, 2016 Jul 11;58.
    PMID: 27410914 DOI: 10.1590/S1678-9946201658054
    Schistosomiasis remains one of the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases especially in Nigeria which has the greatest number of infected people worldwide. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 551 participants from Kano State, North Central Nigeria. Fecal samples were examined for the presence of Schistosoma mansoni eggs using the formalin-ether sedimentation method while the urine samples were examined using the filtration technique for the presence of S. haematobium eggs. Demographic, socioeconomic and environmental information was collected using a pre-validated questionnaire. The overall prevalence of schistosomiasis was 17.8%, with 8.9% and 8.3% infected with S. mansoni and S. haematobium, respectively and 0.5% presenting co-infection with both species. The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age < 18 years (OR = 2.13; 95% CI; 1.34- 3.41), presence of infected family members (OR = 3.98; 95% CI; 2.13-7.46), and history of infection (OR = 2.87; 95% CI; 1.87- 4.56) were the significant risk factors associated with schistosomiasis in these communities. In conclusion, this study revealed that schistosomiasis is still prevalent among Hausa communities in Nigeria. Mass drug administration, health education and community mobilization are imperative strategies to significantly reduce the prevalence and morbidity of schistosomiasis in these communities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Formaldehyde
  14. Valorization of Technical Lignin for the Production of Desirable Resins with High Substitution Rate and Controllable Viscosity
    Pang B, Lam SS, Shen XJ, Cao XF, Liu SJ, Yuan TQ, et al.
    ChemSusChem, 2020 Sep 07;13(17):4446-4454.
    PMID: 32118355 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000299
    The valorization of lignin to replace phenol is significant in the production of phenolic resins. However, a great challenge is to produce lignin-based resin (LR) with a suitable viscosity and high substitution rate of lignin to phenol. In this study, LRs were produced using hardwood technical lignin derived from the pulping industry. Structural analysis of the LRs indicated that the unsubstituted para and ortho carbon atoms of the aromatic ring influenced the curing temperature and activation energy of the resins. The curing kinetics and thermal decomposition study implied that urea and methylene groups in cured LRs were significant factors that affected the thermal stability negatively. The prepared LRs showed desirable features if used as adhesives to make plywood. This is the first approach in which a substitution rate of up to 65 % is achieved for low-reactive-site hardwood lignin, which provides a solution to the challenge of the simultaneous realization of the high addition of lignin and the adaptive viscosity of resins.
    Matched MeSH terms: Formaldehyde
  15. Fulltext In vivo analgesic effect of aqueous extract of Tamarindus indica L. fruits
    Khalid S, Shaik Mossadeq WM, Israf DA, Hashim P, Rejab S, Shaberi AM, et al.
    Med Princ Pract, 2010;19(4):255-9.
    PMID: 20516700 DOI: 10.1159/000312710
    To study the effects of Tamarindus indica L. aqueous fruit extract on the antinociceptive activities in rodent models.
    Matched MeSH terms: Formaldehyde/adverse effects
  16. Anti-inflammatory effects of Labisia pumila (Blume) F. Vill-Naves. aqueous extract
    Sanusi R, Ab Shukor N, Sulaiman M
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:1511-1516.
    This study was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of three concentrations of Labisia pumila (Blume) F. Vill-Naves aqueous leaf extract in rats. The effects of these extracts as anti-inflammatory agents were determined using two experiments namely formalin-induced paw licking and carrageenan-induced paw oedema test. The exposure of inflammation to various treatments resulted in significant differences between treatments in formalin-induced paw licking in rats experiment whereas in phase 2, 50 mg kg-1 of L. pumila extract showed the most significant inhibition of 82.12%, followed by 10 mg kg-1 with 76.00% and 25 mg kg-1 with 57.80%. Similarly, different treatments showed significant effects at p<0.05 in the carrageenan inducing paw oedema experiment. All treatments were able to suppress the oedema formation induced by carrageenan as compared with the control. It is evident that the anti-inflammtory effect of every concentration of L. pumila extract started as early as the first hour of carrageenan injection and showed the maximum inhibition during the fifth hour. Again, 50 mg kg-1 of L. pumila extract was found to be the best treatment that could reduce inflammation with highest inhibition of 64.59% followed by 25 mg kg-1 with 56.99% and 10 mg kg-1 with 5.55%. The result of this study has shown that these extracts of L. pumila can be effective for anti-inflammation purposes which supports and justifies traditional uses of this plant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Formaldehyde
  17. Development of formaldehyde-free bio-board produced from mushroom mycelium and substrate waste
    Khoo SC, Peng WX, Yang Y, Ge SB, Soon CF, Ma NL, et al.
    J Hazard Mater, 2020 12 05;400:123296.
    PMID: 32947701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123296
    Synthetic adhesives in the plywood industry are usually volatile compounds such as formaldehyde-based chemical which are costly and hazardous to health and the environment. This phenomenon promotes an interest in developing bio-boards without synthetic adhesives. This study proposed a novel application of natural mycelium produced during mushroom cultivation as natural bio-adhesive material that convert spent mushroom substrate (SMS) into high-performance bio-board material. Different types of spent mushroom substrates were compressed with specific designed mould with optimal temperature at 160 °C and 10 mPa for 20 min. The bio-board made from Ganoderma lucidum SMS had the highest internal bonding strength up to 2.51 mPa. This is far above the 0.4-0.8 range of China and US national standards. In addition, the material had high water and fire resistance, high bonding and densified structures despite free of any adhesive chemicals. These properties and the low cost one step procedure show the potential as a zero-waste economy chain for sustainable agricultural practice for waste and remediation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Formaldehyde
  18. Antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antipyretic properties of Channa striatus fillet aqueous and lipid-based extracts in rats
    Zakaria ZA, Kumar GH, Mat Jais AM, Sulaiman MR, Somchit MN
    Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol, 2008 Jun;30(5):355-62.
    PMID: 18806894 DOI: 10.1358/mf.2008.30.5.1186084
    The present study was carried out to elucidate the antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antipyretic properties of the aqueous and lipid-based extracts of Channa striatus fillet in rats. The antinociceptive activity was assessed using the formalin test, and the antiinflammatory and antipyretic activities were assessed using the carrageenan-induced paw edema and brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia tests, respectively. Both types of extracts were prepared in concentrations of 10%, 50% and 100% by serial dilution in distilled water or dimethyl sulfoxide, respectively, and were administered subcutaneously 30 min prior to each test. Except for the 10% aqueous extract which exhibits activity only in the early phase, the extracts were found to exhibit significant (P < 0.05) activity in the early and late phases of the formalin test. Furthermore, the aqueous and lipid-based extracts were also found to show significant (P < 0.05) antiinflammatory activity, with the former showing a greater effect at the lowest concentration used. The lipidbased, but not the aqueous, extract was found to have significant (P < 0.05) activity in the pyrexia test. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that C. striatus extracts possess antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antipyretic activities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Formaldehyde
  19. Fulltext Effects of holothuria extract on pain behaviour and Fos like immunorectivity (FLI) in formalin pain model
    Che Badariah, A.A., Asma, H.A., Mohd Nizam, H., Siti, F.A.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2011;10(1):17-21.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of gamat extract on pain behaviour and Fos like immunoreactivity (FLI) expression in the ventral posterolateral thalamus using the acute pain model. Materials & Methods: Fourteen Sprague-Dawley male rats (220-300 gram) were given intraplantar injection of 0.05ml formalin (1%) followed by intraperitoneal administration of either 4 mg/kg gamat extracts (Holothuria spp.) or saline (control). Behavioural changes were observed and rats were sacrificed 2 hours post-formalin injection. Immunohistochemistry testing was done on the brain sections. FLI was examined using a light microscope attached to an image analyser. The behaviour and FLI data were analysed using repeated measure analysis of variance and independent t-test respectively. Significance level was taken as p
    Matched MeSH terms: Formaldehyde
  20. Respiratory epithelium, production performance and behaviour of formaldehyde-exposed broiler chicks
    Zulkifli I, Fauziah O, Omar AR, Shaipullizan S, Siti Selina AH
    Vet Res Commun, 1999 Mar;23(2):91-9.
    PMID: 10359153
    Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of formaldehyde vaporization of a hatcher on the tracheal epithelium of chick embryos, and on the production performance and behaviour of commercial broiler chicks. In experiment 1, chick embryos were exposed to 23.5 ppm of formaldehyde vapour during the last 3 days of incubation. Tracheal samples were taken at 0, 6, 30 and 54 h after exposure to formaldehyde and examined by scanning electron microscopy for pathological changes. Observable lesions included excessive accumulation of mucus, matted cilia, loss of cilia and sloughing of the epithelium. The lesions were more severe in chicks exposed for 54 h as compared to those exposed for 6 or 30 h. In experiment 2, 60 chicks that had been exposed to formaldehyde vapour as above and 60 control chicks were used to investigate the effect of formaldehyde fumigation on production performance and behaviour. Formaldehyde vaporization resulted in higher weekly (days 0-6 and 21-27) and total (days 0-41) feed intake and poorer weekly (days 0-6, 7-13, 21-27 and 28-34) and overall (days 0-41) feed conversion ratios. Body weight, mortality and behaviour (eating, drinking, sitting and standing activities) were not affected by formaldehyde fumigation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Formaldehyde/administration & dosage; Formaldehyde/pharmacology*
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