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Fulltext Quantification of gallic acid and tannic acid from quercus infectoria (manjakani) and their effects on antioxidant and antibacterial activities

Ab. Rahman, N.S., Abd. Majid F.A., Harisun, Y., Md. Salleh L.

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2015;23(2):351-362.
MyJurnal

Effects of different types of solvent on the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Quercus infectoria extract have not been well documented. Therefore, extraction process was conducted using conventional Soxhlet extraction with six different types of solvent (100% methanol, ethanol, acetone, water and 70% methanol, and ethanol). High performance liquid chromatography was implemented to identify gallic acid and tannic acid in the extracts. Water extracts contained the highest concentration of both gallic acid and tannic acid compared to other types of solvent; 51.14 mg/g sample and 1332.88 mg/g sample of gallic acid and tannic acid. Meanwhile, antioxidant and antibacterial activity were tested using DPPH free radicals scavenging and disc diffusion assay. Results demonstrated that water extracts gave the highest antioxidant activity (approximately 94.55%), while acetone extract gave the largest inhibition zone for disc diffusion assay (19.00mm respectively). The results also revealed rich sources of gallic acid and tannic acid in Q. infectoria which might provide a novel source of these natural antioxidant and antibacterial activity.

Matched MeSH terms: Free Radicals
The methanolic extract of Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. and its major compound pinostrobin induces anti-ulcerogenic property in vivo: possible involvement of indirect antioxidant action

Abdelwahab SI, Mohan S, Abdulla MA, Sukari MA, Abdul AB, Taha MM, et al.

J Ethnopharmacol, 2011 Sep 2;137(2):963-70.
PMID: 21771650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.010

Boesenbergia rotunda (L) Mansf. has been used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders including peptic ulcer. In the current study we aimed to investiagte the anti-ulcer activities of methanolic extract of B. rotunda (MEBR) and its main active compound, pinostrobin on ethanol-induced ulcer in rats. The possible involevement of lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, cyclooxygenases and free radical scavenging mechanisms also has been investigated.

Matched MeSH terms: Free Radicals/chemistry
Fulltext Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of Basil (Ocimum Basilicum L.) leaves from different locations

Aburigal, Y.A.A., Mirghani, M.E.S., Elmogtaba, E.Y., Sirible, A.A.M., Hamza, N.B., Hussein, I.H.

International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(101):0-0.
MyJurnal

The present study was carried out to determine the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Ocimum basilicum collected from different regions of the world. The accession V1 is from Sudan, V2 from Iraq, V3 from Germany, V4 from Thailand, V5 from Russia and V6 from Maldives. The extracts from six basil accessions were analysed for their DPPH free radical scavenging activity and their total phenolic content (TPC). The results suggest that the highest antioxidant activity was found in V6 (from Maldives) and the lowest antioxidant activity was found in V4 (from Thailand). The highest amount of phenolic content was found in V6 (from Maldives) and the lowest phenolic content was found inV4 (from Thailand). This study shows that basil is a good source of free-radical scavenging compounds that have their traditional medicinal applications.

Matched MeSH terms: Free Radicals
Consumption of repeatedly heated soy oil increases the serum parameters related to atherosclerosis in ovariectomized rats

Adam SK, Das S, Soelaiman IN, Umar NA, Jaarin K

Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 2008 Jul;215(3):219-26.
PMID: 18648182

Repeated heating of soy oil may promote lipid peroxidation. Oxidized unsaturated fatty acids may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, especially in estrogen-deficient states. This study was performed to explore the deleterious effects of repeatedly heated soy oil on the development of atherosclerosis using ovariectomized rats, which represent an estrogen-deficient state. Twenty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized and were divided equally into four groups. The control group was fed with 2% cholesterol diet without any oil. The three treatment groups each received 2% cholesterol diet fortified with fresh, once-heated or five-times-heated (repeatedly heated) soy oil, respectively. Serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid profile and homocysteine levels were measured prior to ovariectomy and at the end of four months. Ovariectomized rats treated with repeatedly heated soy oil showed significant increases in lipid peroxidation and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Treatment with once-heated or repeatedly heated soy oil caused a significant increase in total cholesterol, while fresh soy oil caused significant reduction in homocysteine level as compared to other groups. Repeatedly heated soy oil caused significant increases in TBARS and LDL as compared to fresh oil. The higher level of homocysteine in the ovariectomized rats fed with repeatedly heated oil, as compared to those fed with fresh oil, also suggests the repeatedly heated oil contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. Importantly, the protective effect of the soy oil may be lost once it was being repeatedly heated. In conclusion, the consumption of repeatedly heated oil may predispose to atherosclerosis in estrogen-deficient states.

Matched MeSH terms: Free Radicals
Fulltext Sundarban Honey Confers Protection against Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Wistar Rats

Afroz R, Tanvir EM, Karim N, Hossain MS, Alam N, Gan SH, et al.

Biomed Res Int, 2016;2016:6437641.
PMID: 27294126 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6437641

The present study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of Sundarban honey (SH) in rats with isoproterenol- (ISO-) induced myocardial infarction. Adult male Wistar Albino rats were pretreated with Sundarban honey (5 g/kg) daily for a period of 6 weeks. After the treatment period, ISO (85 mg/kg) was subcutaneously injected into the rats at 24 h intervals for 2 days. ISO-induced myocardial damage was indicated by increased serum cardiac specific troponin I levels and cardiac marker enzyme activities including creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase. Significant increases in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were also observed, along with a reduction in the serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level. In addition to these diagnostic markers, the levels of lipid peroxide products were significantly increased. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were significantly decreased in the hearts after ISO-induced myocardial infarction. However, pretreatment of ischemic rats with Sundarban honey brought the biochemical parameters to near normalcy, indicating the protective effect of Sundarban honey against ISO-induced ischemia in rats. Histopathological findings of the heart tissues further confirmed the biochemical findings, indicating that Sundarban honey confers protection against ISO-induced oxidative stress in the myocardium.

Matched MeSH terms: Free Radicals
Proteomics, oxidative stress and male infertility

Agarwal A, Durairajanayagam D, Halabi J, Peng J, Vazquez-Levin M

Reprod Biomed Online, 2014 Jul;29(1):32-58.
PMID: 24813754 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.02.013

Oxidative stress has been established as one of the main causes of male infertility and has been implicated in many diseases associated with infertile men. It results from high concentrations of free radicals and suppressed antioxidant potential, which may alter protein expression in seminal plasma and/or spermatozoa. In recent years, proteomic analyses have been performed to characterize the protein profiles of seminal ejaculate from men with different clinical conditions, such as high oxidative stress. The aim of the present review is to summarize current findings on proteomic studies performed in men with high oxidative stress compared with those with physiological concentrations of free radicals, to better understand the aetiology of oxidative stress-induced male infertility. Each of these studies has suggested candidate biomarkers of oxidative stress, among them are DJ-1, PIP, lactotransferrin and peroxiredoxin. Changes in protein concentrations in seminal plasma samples with oxidative stress conditions were related to stress responses and to regulatory pathways, while alterations in sperm proteins were mostly associated to metabolic responses (carbohydrate metabolism) and stress responses. Future studies should include assessment of post-translational modifications in the spermatozoa as well as in seminal plasma proteomes of men diagnosed with idiopathic infertility. Oxidative stress, which occurs due to a state of imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants, has been implicated in most cases of male infertility. Cells that are in a state of oxidative stress are more likely to have altered protein expression. The aim of this review is to better understand the causes of oxidative stress-induced male infertility. To achieve this, we assessed proteomic studies performed on the seminal plasma and spermatozoa of men with high levels of oxidative stress due to various clinical conditions and compared them with men who had physiological concentrations of free radicals. A variety of sperm and seminal plasma proteins were found to be expressed either in abundance (over-expressed) or in a lesser amount (underexpressed), while other proteins were found to be unique either to men with oxidative stress or to men with a balanced ratio of antioxidants/free radicals. Each study included in this review suggested several proteins that could possibly act as biomarkers of oxidative stress-induced male infertility, such as protein DJ-1, PIP, lactotransferrin and peroxiredoxin. Pathway analysis performed in these studies revealed that the changes in seminal plasma proteins in men with oxidative stress could be attributed to stress responses and regulatory pathways, while changes in sperm proteins were linked to stress responses and metabolic responses. Subsequent studies could look into post-translational modifications in the protein profile of men with idiopathic infertility. We hope that the information in this review will contribute to a better understanding of the main causes of idiopathic male infertility.

Matched MeSH terms: Free Radicals/metabolism
Tocotrienol offers better protection than tocopherol from free radical-induced damage of rat bone

Ahmad NS, Khalid BA, Luke DA, Ima Nirwana S

Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 2005 Sep;32(9):761-70.
PMID: 16173934

1. Free radicals generated by ferric nitrilotriacetate (FeNTA) can activate osteoclastic activity and this is associated with elevation of the bone resorbing cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6. In the present study, we investigated the effects of 2 mg/kg FeNTA (2 mg iron/kg) on the levels of serum IL-1 and IL-6 with or without supplementation with a palm oil tocotrienol mixture or alpha-tocopherol acetate in Wistar rats. 2. The FeNTA was found to elevate levels of IL-1 and IL-6. Only the palm oil tocotrienol mixture at doses of 60 and 100 mg/kg was able to prevent FeNTA-induced increases in IL-1 (P < 0.01). Both the palm oil tocotrienol mixture and alpha-tocopherol acetate, at doses of 30, 60 and 100 mg/kg, were able to reduce FeNTA-induced increases in IL-6 (P < 0.05). Therefore, the palm oil tocotrienol mixture was better than pure alpha-tocopherol acetate in protecting bone against FeNTA (free radical)-induced elevation of bone-resorbing cytokines. 3. Supplementation with the palm oil tocotrienol mixture or alpha-tocopherol acetate at 100 mg/kg restored the reduction in serum osteocalcin levels due to ageing, as seen in the saline (control) group (P < 0.05). All doses of the palm oil tocotrienol mixture decreased urine deoxypyridinoline cross-link (DPD) significantly compared with the control group, whereas a trend for decreased urine DPD was only seen for doses of 60 mg/kg onwards of alpha-tocopherol acetate (P < 0.05). 4. Bone histomorphometric analyses have shown that FeNTA injections significantly lowered mean osteoblast number (P < 0.001) and the bone formation rate (P < 0.001), but raised osteoclast number (P < 0.05) and the ratio of eroded surface/bone surface (P < 0.001) compared with the saline (control) group. Supplementation with 100 mg/kg palm oil tocotrienol mixture was able to prevent all these FeNTA-induced changes, but a similar dose of alpha-tocopherol acetate was found to be effective only for mean osteoclast number. Injections of FeNTA were also shown to reduce trabecular bone volume (P < 0.001) and trabecular thickness (P < 0.05), whereas only supplementation with 100 mg/kg palm oil tocotrienol mixture was able to prevent these FeNTA-induced changes.

Matched MeSH terms: Free Radicals
Fulltext Functional properties of Phaleria Macrocarpa fruit flesh at different ripeness

Ahmed Asrity, S.M., Tsan, F.Y., Ding, P., Syed Aris, S.R.

International Food Research Journal, 2018;25(3):1273-1280.
MyJurnal

Functional property changes in Phaleria macrocarpa fruit during ripening on tree were studied. Results showed that juice extracted from fruit flesh had low acidity and soluble solid content. Fruit acidity decreased but soluble solids increased as the fruit ripened. In terms of antioxidant content, ascorbic acid, DPPH free radical scavenging activities and total phenolic content were, however, the lowest in fully ripe fruit flesh while the unripe fruit flesh had the highest. High percentage of these antioxidants was water soluble. This study suggests that the unripe fruits should be harvested for valuable medicinal product development instead of the fully ripe fruits.

Matched MeSH terms: Free Radicals
Fulltext Effect of various food processing and handling methods on preservation of natural antioxidants in fruits and vegetables

Al-Juhaimi F, Ghafoor K, Özcan MM, Jahurul MHA, Babiker EE, Jinap S, et al.

J Food Sci Technol, 2018 Oct;55(10):3872-3880.
PMID: 30228385 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3370-0

Bioactive compounds from plant sources are generally categorized as natural antioxidants with well-known health benefits. The health-promoting characteristics of natural antioxidants include anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and hepatic effects as well as free radical scavenging. Herein, a comprehensive and comparative review are presented about the effects of conventional (thermal and mechanical) and relatively new (non-thermal) processing methods on phytochemicals and discussed the importance of implementing the use of those methods that could be of very helpful retaining the quality of the bioactive compounds in plant-based foods. Plant-based foods rich in phenolics, vitamin C, carotenoids, and other compounds undergo a range of processing operations before they are consumed. Most of these methods involve thermal treatments of fruits, stems, leaves, and roots. These techniques have varying effects on bioactive compounds and their activities, and the magnitude of these effects depends on process parameters such as temperature, time, and the food matrix. Thermal processing can be detrimental to bioactive compounds while nonthermal procedures may not cause significant deterioration of important health-promoting phytochemicals and in some cases can improve their bio-activity and bio-availability. The detrimental effects of conventional processing on the quality of natural antioxidants have been compared to the effects of innovative nonthermal food treatments such as gamma and ultraviolet irradiation, ultraviolet light, pulsed electric fields, and high hydrostatic pressure.

Matched MeSH terms: Free Radicals
Fulltext Qualitative dataset on UPLC-QTOF/MS tentative identification of phytochemicals from bioactive extract of Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq

Alam I, Forid MS, Roney M, Aluwi MFFM, Huq AM

Data Brief, 2021 Apr;35:106839.
PMID: 33659597 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.106839

The current data report describes the predictive identification of phytochemical constituents in the bioactive extract of Ipomoea mauritiana (IM) whole plant. For several formulations this plant was commonly used as 'Vidari' for Ayurvedic medicine. Traditionally, IM tubers are used to alleviate spinal cord pain, improve breast milk, as a tonic, increase sperm count and treating jaundice. The methanol extract can potentially scavenge free radicals and possess antibacterial activity that could be correlated with its chemical composition. So it is crucial to identify the major compounds of IM. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS) method was adopted to detect the flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids in IM methanol extract. Data presented here is related to a published work Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq.: A traditionally used medicinal plant in Bangladesh (Alam et al., 2020). Secondary metabolites were analyzed by the comparison of the mass fragmentation arrangements with Waters UNIFI library that enables for positive identification of the compounds based on the spectral match.

Matched MeSH terms: Free Radicals
Fulltext Free radical scavenging, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities of Orthosiphon stamineus

Alshawsh MA, Abdulla MA, Ismail S, Amin ZA, Qader SW, Hadi HA, et al.

Molecules, 2012;17(5):5385-95.
PMID: 22569417 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17055385

Orthosiphon stamineus is considered an important traditional folk medicine. In this study ethanol and aqueous extracts of O. stamineus were evaluated in vitro for their antioxidant, antimicrobial as well as for their immunomodulatory properties on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The DPPH radical scavenging method was used for the determination of antioxidant activity, while the antibacterial efficacy was investigated by both disc diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against four bacterial strains (Gram-positive and Gram-negative). Furthermore, the immunomodulatory potential of the extracts was investigated through the MTT assay. Aqueous extract of O. stamineus exhibited significant free radical scavenging activity with IC₅₀ 50 9.6 µg/mL, whereas the IC₅₀ for the ethanol extract was 21.4 µg/mL. The best antimicrobial activity was shown by the aqueous extract of O. stamineus against Staphylococcus aureus, with inhibition zone of 10.5 mm and MIC value 1.56 mg/mL. Moreover, the results observed from the MTT assay showed that both plant extracts stimulated the PBMCs proliferation in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner, but the aqueous extract has remarkable activity against PBMCs. These findings indicate that O. stamineus showed high antioxidant activity and may be considered as an immunomodulatory agent.

Matched MeSH terms: Free Radicals/antagonists & inhibitors
Fulltext Overviews of Biological Importance of Quercetin: A Bioactive Flavonoid

Anand David AV, Arulmoli R, Parasuraman S

Pharmacogn Rev, 2017 1 14;10(20):84-89.
PMID: 28082789 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.194044

Antioxidants are substances that may protect cells from the damage caused by unstable molecules such as free radicals. Flavonoids are phenolic substances widely found in fruits and vegetables. The previous studies showed that the ingestion of flavonoids reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and certain types of cancer. These effects are due to the physiological activity of flavonoids in the reduction of oxidative stress, inhibiting low-density lipoproteins oxidation and platelet aggregation, and acting as vasodilators in blood vessels. Free radicals are constantly generated resulting in extensive damage to tissues leading to various disease conditions such as cancer, Alzheimer's, renal diseases, cardiac abnormalities, etc., Medicinal plants with antioxidant properties play a vital functions in exhibiting beneficial effects and employed as an alternative source of medicine to mitigate the disease associated with oxidative stress. Flavonoids have existed over one billion years and possess wide spectrum of biological activities that might be able to influence processes which are dysregulated in a disease. Quercetin, a plant pigment is a potent antioxidant flavonoid and more specifically a flavonol, found mostly in onions, grapes, berries, cherries, broccoli, and citrus fruits. It is a versatile antioxidant known to possess protective abilities against tissue injury induced by various drug toxicities.

Matched MeSH terms: Free Radicals
Biological Activities of Isolated Compounds from Three Edible Malaysian Red Seaweeds, Gracilaria changii, G. manilaensis and Gracilaria sp

Andriani Y, Syamsumir DF, Yee TC, Harisson FS, Herng GM, Abdullah SA, et al.

Nat Prod Commun, 2016 Aug;11(8):1117-1120.
PMID: 30725572

Gracilaria species are red marine macroalgae that are found abundantly in Malaysia. Gracilaria changii from Morib, Selangor, G. nanilaensis and Gracilaria sp. from Gelang Patah, Johor were used in this study. Five compounds were successfully isolated and identified as hexadecanoic acid (1), cholest-5-en-3-ol (2), 2-hydroxymyristic acid (3), cholesteryl myristate (4) and 1-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2",4",6"-trihydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxypropanone (5) based on spectral data analysis (IR, UV, GC-MS, 'H NMR, "C NMR, HMQC and HMBC). All compounds isolated were tested for cytotoxicity (MTT assay for HL-60 and MCF-7 cell lines), and antibacterial (disc diffusion method), antioxidant (DPPH free radical scavenging assay and xanthine oxidase inhibitory assay) and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory (AChE) activity (TLC bioautographic method). Compounds I and 3 exhibited strong cytotoxic activity against HL-60 and MCF-7 cell lines. Compound 5 showed high antioxidant activity in both the DPPH free radical scavenging and xanthine oxidase inhibition assays. Compound I showed positive activity for AChE inhibitory with a minimum inhibition dose of 0.625 tg sample. All compounds demonstrated antibacterial activity producing 8 to 14 mm inhibition zones. A positive control was applied to all bioassays and experiments were performed with three replicates. Results demonstrated that three edible red seaweeds are rich sources of bioactive compounds with potential application for pharmaceutical purposes.

Matched MeSH terms: Free Radicals
Fulltext Lipid Peroxidation in Chronic Cerebral HypoperfusionInduced Neurodegeneration in Rats

Anil Kumar, S., Saif, S.A., Oothuman, P., Mustafa, M.I.A.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2011;10(2):3-6.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Reduced cerebral blood ﬂ ow is associated with neurodegenerative disorders and dementia, in particular. Experimental evidence has demonstrated the initiating role of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in neuronal damage to the hippocampus, the cerebral cortex, the white matter areas and the visual system. Permanent, bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries of rats (two vessel occlusion - 2VO) has been introduced for the reproduction of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion as it occurs in Alzheimer’s disease and human aging. Increased generation of free radicals through lipid peroxidation can damage neuronal cell membrane. Markers of lipid peroxidation have been found to be elevated in brain tissues and body ﬂ uids in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Materials and Methods: Malondialdehyde (MDA), ﬁ nal product of lipid peroxidation, was estimated by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) assay kit at eight weeks after induction of 2VO in the rats and control group. Results: Our study revealed a highly signiﬁ cant (p

Matched MeSH terms: Free Radicals
De novo formation of adhesions in endometriosis: the role of iron and free radical reactions

Arumugam K, Yip YC

Fertil. Steril., 1995 Jul;64(1):62-4.
PMID: 7789581

OBJECTIVE: To show that raised iron levels in the peritoneal fluid (PF) of patients with endometriosis catalyze free radical reactions that results in the tissue destruction and fibrosis seen in these patients.
DESIGN: A case-controlled study of the iron levels (microgram/mL) in the pelvic PF of 12 patients with moderate-to-severe disease, 15 patients with minimal-to-mild disease and in 17 women with normal pelvises were compared. As an index of free radical reactions through lipid peroxidation, the levels of malondialdehyde levels (ng/mL) were assessed simultaneously in the same specimens.
RESULTS: Controlling for the phase of the menstrual cycle, significantly higher levels of iron were seen in patients with endometriosis, the levels being correlated with the severity of the disease. However no such corresponding relationship was seen in the malondialdehyde levels in the PF.
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that raised iron levels in the PF do not play a role in catalyzing free radical reactions as judged by the degree of lipid peroxidation.

Matched MeSH terms: Free Radicals
Fulltext Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of essential oils from different parts of Daphne mucronata Royle

Ashraf I, Zubair M, Rizwan K, Rasool N, Jamil M, Khan SA, et al.

Chem Cent J, 2018 Dec 17;12(1):135.
PMID: 30556121 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0495-1

This research work was executed to determine chemical composition, anti-oxidant and anti-microbial potential of the essential oils extracted from the leaves and stem of Daphne mucronata Royle. From leaves and stem oils fifty-one different constituents were identified through GC/MS examination. The antioxidant potential evaluated through DPPH free radical scavenging activity and %-inhibition of peroxidation in linoleic acid system. The stem's essential oil showed the good antioxidant activity as compared to leaves essential oil. Results of Antimicrobial activity revealed that both stem and leaves oils showed strong activity against Candida albicans with large inhibition zone (22.2 ± 0.01, 18.9 ± 0.20 mm) and lowest MIC values (0.98 ± 0.005, 2.44 ± 0.002 mg/mL) respectively. Leaves essential was also active against Escherichia coli with inhibition zone of 8.88 ± 0.01 mm and MIC values of 11.2 ± 0.40 mg/mL. These results suggested that the plant's essential oils would be a potential cradle for the natural product based antimicrobial as well as antioxidant agents.

Matched MeSH terms: Free Radicals
Modified Dioscorea hispida starch-based hydrogels and their in-vitro cytotoxicity study on small intestine cell line (FHS-74 Int)

Ashri A, Amalina N, Kamil A, Fazry S, Sairi MF, Nazar MF, et al.

Int J Biol Macromol, 2018 Feb;107(Pt B):2412-2421.
PMID: 29056465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.125

Starch-based hydrogels are promising smart materials for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, which offer exciting perspectives in biophysical research at molecular level. This work was intended to develop, characterize and explore the properties of hydrogel from starch extracted from new source, Dioscorea hispida Dennst. Starch-mediated hydrogels were successfully synthesized via free radical polymerization method with varying concentrations of acrylic acid (AA),N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in aqueous system. The grafting reaction between starch and AA was examined by observing the decline in intensity peak of hydrogel FTIR spectrum at 3291cm-1 and peak around 1600-1680cm-1, indicating the stretching of hydroxyl group (OH) and stretching of carbon-carbon double bond (CC) respectively. The effects of cross-linker, monomer and NaOH concentration on swelling ratio and gel content in different medium and conditions were also evaluated. The thermal stability and structural morphology of as-synthesized hydrogels were studied by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In-vitro cytotoxicity study using small intestine cell line (FHS-74 Int) revealed that the as-formulated eco-friendly-hydrogel was free from any harmful material and safe to use for future product development.

Matched MeSH terms: Free Radicals/chemistry
Fulltext Effect of boiling and stir frying on total phenolics, carotenoids and radical scavenging activity of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschato)

Azizah, A.H., Wee, K.C., Azizah, O., Azizah, M.

International Food Research Journal, 2009;16(1):45-51.
MyJurnal

Effect of various cooking methods on antioxidant content and radical scavenging activity of pumpkin was evaluated. Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) was boiled and stir-fried for 2, 4 and 6 minutes respectively. Beta-carotene and lycopene were determined using HPLC and total phenolics measured using Folin-Ciocalteu method. The free radical scavenging activity of the samples was determined using 1, 1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl assay. Interestingly, result of the study showed an increase in both beta-carotene (2 to 4 times) and lycopene (17 to 40 times) content of pumpkin after cooking for 2, 4 and 6 minutes. However, the treatment resulted in 18 to 54% losses of total phenolics content of the pumpkin. Nevertheless, the free radical scavenging activity exhibited by cooked pumpkins was found to be high, in the range of 81.1% to 94.6% with IC50 of 1.41 to 1.62 mg ml-1
.

Matched MeSH terms: Free Radicals
Total phenolic content and primary antioxidant activity of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of aromatic plants' leaves

Azlim Almey, A.A., Ahmed Jalal Khan, C., Syed Zahir, I., Mustapha Suleiman, K., 'Aisyah, M.R., Kamarul Rahim, K.

International Food Research Journal, 2010;17(4):1077-1084.
MyJurnal

The aim of this study is to determine the total phenolic content and primary antioxidant activity of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of four aromatic plants’ leaves namely knotweed (Polygonum minus), curry (Murraya koenigii), kaffir lime (Citrus hysrix) and fragrant screwpine (Pandanus odurus). Total phenolic content (TPC) assay using Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to assess the presence and level of phenolic compounds in each sample. The present study showed that both methanolic and ethanolic extracts of P. minus had the highest TPC and followed by M. koenigii, C. hystrix and P. odorus. Primary antioxidant activity in terms of free radical scavenging activities of both methanolic and ethanolic extracts was then measured by 2, 2, diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity assay. The lowest EC50 values based on the DPPH. radical scavenging activity were shown by P. minus extracts as compared to the other samples. For both ethanolic and methanolic extracts, the correlations between TPC and EC50 based on the DPPH. radical scavenging activity assay were negative and weak. Relatively, the present results suggest that of the four aromaticplants, P. minus and M. koenigii have shown potential as sources of natural antioxidants.

Matched MeSH terms: Free Radicals
Fulltext Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of seed oil from winter melon (Benincasa hispida) and its antioxidant activity and fatty acid composition

Bimakr M, Rahman RA, Taip FS, Adzahan NM, Sarker MZ, Ganjloo A

Molecules, 2013 Jan 15;18(1):997-1014.
PMID: 23322066 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18010997

In the present study, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)) extraction of seed oil from winter melon (Benincasa hispida) was investigated. The effects of process variables namely pressure (150-300 bar), temperature (40-50 °C) and dynamic extraction time (60-120 min) on crude extraction yield (CEY) were studied through response surface methodology (RSM). The SC-CO(2) extraction process was modified using ethanol (99.9%) as co-solvent. Perturbation plot revealed the significant effect of all process variables on the CEY. A central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the process conditions to achieve maximum CEY. The optimum conditions were 244 bar pressure, 46 °C temperature and 97 min dynamic extraction time. Under these optimal conditions, the CEY was predicted to be 176.30 mg-extract/g-dried sample. The validation experiment results agreed with the predicted value. The antioxidant activity and fatty acid composition of crude oil obtained under optimized conditions were determined and compared with published results using Soxhlet extraction (SE) and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE). It was found that the antioxidant activity of the extract obtained by SC-CO(2) extraction was strongly higher than those obtained by SE and UAE. Identification of fatty acid composition using gas chromatography (GC) showed that all the extracts were rich in unsaturated fatty acids with the most being linoleic acid. In contrast, the amount of saturated fatty acids extracted by SE was higher than that extracted under optimized SC-CO(2) extraction conditions.

Matched MeSH terms: Free Radicals/chemistry

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