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  1. Fulltext Lineage-Specific Methyltransferases Define the Methylome of the Globally Disseminated Escherichia coli ST131 Clone
    Forde BM, Phan MD, Gawthorne JA, Ashcroft MM, Stanton-Cook M, Sarkar S, et al.
    mBio, 2015 Nov 17;6(6):e01602-15.
    PMID: 26578678 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01602-15
    Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131) is a clone of uropathogenic E. coli that has emerged rapidly and disseminated globally in both clinical and community settings. Members of the ST131 lineage from across the globe have been comprehensively characterized in terms of antibiotic resistance, virulence potential, and pathogenicity, but to date nothing is known about the methylome of these important human pathogens. Here we used single-molecule real-time (SMRT) PacBio sequencing to determine the methylome of E. coli EC958, the most-well-characterized completely sequenced ST131 strain. Our analysis of 52,081 methylated adenines in the genome of EC958 discovered three (m6)A methylation motifs that have not been described previously. Subsequent SMRT sequencing of isogenic knockout mutants identified the two type I methyltransferases (MTases) and one type IIG MTase responsible for (m6)A methylation of novel recognition sites. Although both type I sites were rare, the type IIG sites accounted for more than 12% of all methylated adenines in EC958. Analysis of the distribution of MTase genes across 95 ST131 genomes revealed their prevalence is highly conserved within the ST131 lineage, with most variation due to the presence or absence of mobile genetic elements on which individual MTase genes are located.

    IMPORTANCE: DNA modification plays a crucial role in bacterial regulation. Despite several examples demonstrating the role of methyltransferase (MTase) enzymes in bacterial virulence, investigation of this phenomenon on a whole-genome scale has remained elusive until now. Here we used single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing to determine the first complete methylome of a strain from the multidrug-resistant E. coli sequence type 131 (ST131) lineage. By interrogating the methylome computationally and with further SMRT sequencing of isogenic mutants representing previously uncharacterized MTase genes, we defined the target sequences of three novel ST131-specific MTases and determined the genomic distribution of all MTase target sequences. Using a large collection of 95 previously sequenced ST131 genomes, we identified mobile genetic elements as a major factor driving diversity in DNA methylation patterns. Overall, our analysis highlights the potential for DNA methylation to dramatically influence gene regulation at the transcriptional level within a well-defined E. coli clone.

    Matched MeSH terms: Genotype*
  2. Yunnanosticta gen. nov., from Yunnan, a new genus from the Sinostictinae, with the description of two new species (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platystictidae)
    Dow RA, Zhang HM
    Zootaxa, 2018 Jan 25;4375(4):567-577.
    PMID: 29690088 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.6
    Yunnanosticta gen. nov. in the platystictid subfamily Sinostictinae is described from Yunnan, China. The genotype is Yunnanosticta wilsoni sp. nov., described here (holotype ♂ from Tongbiguan, Yingjiang County, Dehong Dai Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China, 23 vi 2015, leg. H.M. Zhang, to be deposited in the Natural History Museum, London). Yunnanosticta cyaneocollaris sp. nov. (holotype ♂ from Tongbiguan, Yingjiang County, Dehong Dai Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China, 23 vi 2015, leg. H.M. Zhang, to be deposited in the Natural History Museum, London) is also described.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
  3. Allozyme variation in the camaenid tree snails Amphidromus atricallosus (Gould, 1843) and A. inversus (Müller, 1774)
    Prasankok P, Ota H, Toda M, Panha S
    Zoolog Sci, 2007 Feb;24(2):189-97.
    PMID: 17409732
    We examined allozyme variation in two camaenid tree snails, Amphidromus atricallosus and A. inversus, across two principal regions of Thailand and from Singapore, plus for A. inversus, one site in peninsular Malaysia. Using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis, 13 allozyme loci (11 polymorphic) were screened for A. atricallosus and 18 (5 polymorphic) for A. inversus. Heterozygosity was higher in A. atricallosus (Hexp=0.018-0.201, mean=0.085) than in A. inversus (Hexp=0-0.023, mean= 0.002). Genetic heterogeneity among samples was higher in A. inversus (Fst=0.965) than in A. atricallosus (Fst=0.781). Within A. atricallosus, populations were more differentiated in southern Thailand (Fst=0.551) than in eastern Thailand (Fst=0.144). The high Fst and low Hexp in populations of A. inversus suggest that this species is likely to have experienced a series of strong bottlenecks, perhaps occurring chiefly on offshore continental-shelf islands. The low Fst values of A. atricallosus in eastern Thailand suggest frequent gene flows among populations in this region. The southern and eastern samples of A. atricallosus exhibited fixed allele differences at four loci and great genetic distance (Nei's D=0.485-0.946), suggesting that these two samples may actually represent, or else be evolving into, separate species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
  4. Fulltext [TRIMCyp frequency of the cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in captivity in China]
    Tian S, Meng YH, Liu MY, Sun F, Chen JH, Du HL, et al.
    Zool Res, 2013 Apr;34(2):97-102.
    PMID: 23572358 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1141.2013.02097
    In most Old world monkey species, TRIM5α plays a role in combating retroviruses and restricting HIV-1. Alongside TRIM5α, the TRIMCyp fusion gene formed by the retrotransposition of a CypA pseudogene cDNA to 3' terminal or 3'-UTR of TRIM5 gene in these monkeys has become a key research area in anti HIV-1 factors. The regional differences, gene frequencies, genotypes, and retrovirus restrictive activities of TRIMCyp vary among different primate species. While the frequencies of cynomolgus TRIMCyp have been studied in several areas of Southeast Asia, the frequency and prevalence of cynomolgus TRIMCyp in China remains unclear. In this study, we screened 1, 594 cynomolgus samples from 11 monkey manufacturers located across 5 provinces in China. Our results showed that the frequencies of TRIMCyp range from 7.65% to 19.79%, markedly lower than the frequencies found in monkey species in the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia (ranging from 34.85% to 100%). We speculate that potentially the latter were isolated groups established since 1978. The NE haplotype frequencies of cynomolgus TRIMCyp were 4.93% in China, also significantly lower than those found in species in the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia (from 11.1% to 14.3%). Our research provides interesting findings that contribute towards a more firm basis of further studies of HIV-1 animal models and relevant pathogenesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
  5. [Laboratory diagnosis and molecular tracing of dengue bordline cases in Henan Province, 2017]
    Du YH, Li Y, Wang RL, Wang HF, Su J, Xu BL, et al.
    Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi, 2018 Nov 06;52(11):1164-1167.
    PMID: 30419702 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2018.11.013
    Objective: To confirm the laboratory diagnosis of dengue bordline cases reported in Henan Province and trace its origin from molecular level in 2017. Methods: The study samples were blood samples (3-5 ml), which came from 8 suspected cases of dengue fever reported in the 2017 direct reporting system of Henan provincial infectious disease monitoring network. Meanwhile, case investigation was conducted according to National dengue fever surveillance programme. Serum were separated from blood samples and tested for Dengue NS1 antigen, IgM & IgG antibodies, and dengue RNA. According to dengue diagnosis criteria, confirmed cases were identified by testing results. Samples carried dengue RNA performed for real-time PCR genotyping and amplification of E gene. Then, the amplicons were sequenced and homological and phylogenetic analyses were constructed. Results: 8 serum samples of suspected dengue cases were collected in Henan Province, 2017. Six of them were diagnosed as dengue confirmed cases. All the dengue confirmed cases belonged to outside imported cases, 5 of them were positive by dengue RNA testing. Genotyping results showed there were 1 DENV1 case, 2 DENV2 cases and 2 DENV3 cases. A DENV2 case and a DENV3 case of this study were traced its origin successfully. The sequence of Pakistan imported DENV2 case belongs to cosmopolitan genotype, which was the most consistent with Pakistan's DENV2 KJ010186 in 2013 (identity 99.0%). The sequence of Malaysia imported DENV3 case belongs to genotype I, which was the most consistent with Singapore's DENV3 KX224276 in 2014(identity 99.0%). Conclusion: The laboratory diagnosis and molecular traceability of dengue cases in Henan Province in 2017 confirmed that all cases were imported and did not cause local epidemics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
  6. [Prevalence of CYP2C19 polymorphisms involved in clopidogrel metabolism in Fujian Han population]
    Wei W, Fang L, Wang N, Zhang T, Zeng JB, Lin MT
    Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi, 2012 Aug;29(4):420-5.
    PMID: 22875498 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1003-9406.2012.04.009
    To investigate the frequency of CYP2C19 polymorphisms involved in clopidogrel metabolism in Fujian Han population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
  7. Role of pharmacodiagnostic of CYP2C9 variants in the optimization of warfarin therapy in Malaysia: a 6-month follow-up study
    Ngow H, Teh LK, Langmia IM, Lee WL, Harun R, Ismail R, et al.
    Xenobiotica, 2008 Jun;38(6):641-51.
    PMID: 18570163 DOI: 10.1080/00498250801999087
    1. A retrospective study was conducted to explore the importance of CYP2C9 genotyping for the initiation and maintenance therapy of warfarin in clinical practice. A total of 191 patients on warfarin therapy in a local hospital were recruited after written informed consent. Their medical records were reviewed and no intervention of warfarin dose was performed. 2. A total of 5 ml of blood were taken from each subject for DNA extraction and identification of 1, 2, 3 and 4 CYP2C9 alleles, using a nested-allele-specific-multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Half the patients were Malays and the remaining were Chinese. 3. Two genotypes were detected; 93.2% had CYP2C9 1/1 and 6.8% were CYP2C9 1/3. Warfarin doses were higher in patients with CYP2C91/1. Patients with the 1/3 genotype experienced a higher rate of serious and life-threatening bleeding; 15.4 versus 6.2 per 100 patients per 6 months. 4. The observation clearly highlights the inadequacy of the current dosing regimens and the need to move toward a more individualized approach to warfarin therapy. Prospective clinical studies are now being conducted to assess dosing algorithms that incorporate the contribution of the genotype to allow the individualization of warfarin dose.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
  8. CYP2A6 polymorphisms in Malays, Chinese and Indians
    Nurfadhlina M, Foong K, Teh LK, Tan SC, Mohd Zaki S, Ismail R
    Xenobiotica, 2006 Aug;36(8):684-92.
    PMID: 16891249
    The genetically polymorphic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 is the major nicotine-oxidase in humans that may contribute to nicotine dependence and cancer susceptibility. The authors investigated the types and frequencies of CYP2A6 alleles in the three major ethnic groups in Malaysia and CYP2A6*1A, CYP2A6*1B, CYP2A6*1x2, CYP2A6*2, CYP2A6*3, CYP2A6*4, CYP2A6*5, CYP2A6*7, CYP2A6*8 and CYP2A6*10 were determined by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 270 Malays, 172 Chinese and 174 Indians. Except for CYP2A6*2 and *3 that were not detected in the Malays and Chinese, all the other alleles were detected. Frequencies for the CYP2A6*4 allele were 7, 5 and 2%, respectively, in Malays, Chinese and Indians. A statistically significant high frequency of the duplicated CYP2A6*1x2 allele occurred among Chinese. Among Malays and Chinese, the most common allele was CYP2A6*1B, but it was CYP2A6*1A among Indians. These ethnic difference in frequencies suggested that further studies are required to investigate the implications on diseases such as cancer and smoking behaviour among these major ethnic groups in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
  9. Antibiotic resistance and molecular typing among cockle (Anadara granosa) strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based analysis
    Sahilah AM, Laila RA, Sallehuddin HM, Osman H, Aminah A, Ahmad Azuhairi A
    World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2014 Feb;30(2):649-59.
    PMID: 24068534 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1494-y
    Genomic DNA of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were characterized by antibiotic resistance, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) analysis. These isolates originated from 3 distantly locations of Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Melaka (East coastal areas), Malaysia. A total of 44 (n = 44) of tentatively V. parahaemolyticus were also examined for the presence of toxR, tdh and trh gene. Of 44 isolates, 37 were positive towards toxR gene; while, none were positive to tdh and trh gene. Antibiotic resistance analysis showed the V. parahaemolyticus isolates were highly resistant to bacitracin (92%, 34/37) and penicillin (89%, 33/37) followed by resistance towards ampicillin (68%, 25/37), cefuroxime (38%, 14/37), amikacin (6%, 2/37) and ceftazidime (14%, 5/37). None of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates were resistant towards chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, streptomycin and vancomycin. Antibiogram patterns exhibited, 9 patterns and phenotypically less heterogenous when compared to PCR-based techniques using ERIC- and RAPD-PCR. The results of the ERIC- and RAPD-PCR were analyzed using GelCompare software. ERIC-PCR with primers ERIC1R and ERIC2 discriminated the V. parahaemolyticus isolates into 6 clusters and 21 single isolates at a similarity level of 80%. While, RAPD-PCR with primer Gen8 discriminated the V. parahaemolyticus isolates into 11 clusters and 10 single isolates and Gen9 into 8 clusters and 16 single isolates at the same similarity level examined. Results in the presence study demonstrated combination of phenotypically and genotypically methods show a wide heterogeneity among cockle isolates of V. parahaemolyticus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
  10. Fulltext Ethnicity association of Helicobacter pylori virulence genotype and metronidazole susceptibility
    Alfizah H, Rukman AH, Norazah A, Hamizah R, Ramelah M
    World J Gastroenterol, 2013 Feb 28;19(8):1283-91.
    PMID: 23483193 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i8.1283
    To characterise the cag pathogenicity island in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) isolates by analysing the strains' vacA alleles and metronidazole susceptibilities in light of patient ethnicity and clinical outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
  11. Fulltext Risk modification of colorectal cancer susceptibility by interleukin-8 -251T>A polymorphism in Malaysians
    Mustapha MA, Shahpudin SN, Aziz AA, Ankathil R
    World J Gastroenterol, 2012 Jun 7;18(21):2668-73.
    PMID: 22690076 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i21.2668
    To investigate the allele and genotype frequencies and associated risk of interleukin (IL)-8 -251T>A polymorphism on colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility risk.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
  12. Fulltext Phage display creates innovative applications to combat hepatitis B virus
    Tan WS, Ho KL
    World J Gastroenterol, 2014 Sep 7;20(33):11650-70.
    PMID: 25206271 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i33.11650
    Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has killed countless lives in human history. The invention of HBV vaccines in the 20(th) century has reduced significantly the rate of the viral infection. However, currently there is no effective treatment for chronic HBV carriers. Newly emerging vaccine escape mutants and drug resistant strains have complicated the viral eradication program. The entire world is now facing a new threat of HBV and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection. Could phage display provide solutions to these life-threatening problems? This article reviews critically and comprehensively the innovative and potential applications of phage display in the development of vaccines, therapeutic agents, diagnostic reagents, as well as gene and drug delivery systems to combat HBV. The application of phage display in epitope mapping of HBV antigens is also discussed in detail. Although this review mainly focuses on HBV, the innovative applications of phage display could also be extended to other infectious diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
  13. Fulltext Boceprevir early-access for advanced-fibrosis/cirrhosis in Asia-Pacific hepatitis C virus genotype 1 non-responders/relapsers
    Sukeepaisarnjaroen W, Pham T, Tanwandee T, Nazareth S, Galhenage S, Mollison L, et al.
    World J Gastroenterol, 2015 Jul 28;21(28):8660-9.
    PMID: 26229408 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i28.8660
    To examined the efficacy and safety of treatment with boceprevir, PEGylated-interferon and ribavirin (PR) in hepatitis C virus genotype 1 (HCVGT1) PR treatment-failures in Asia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
  14. EPOXID HYDROLASE SINGLE GENE POLYMORPHISM (RS1051740) AND SEVERITY OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE DISEASE
    Antonova I, Gridnyev O, Galchinskaya V
    Wiad Lek, 2022;75(11 pt 2):2779-2784.
    PMID: 36591768 DOI: 10.36740/WLek202211211
    OBJECTIVE: The aim: The aim of the present study was to establish a link between polymorphic variants of the microsomal epoxide hydrolase gene and the severity of COPD in patients with COPD and coronary heart disease.

    PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study included 128 patients with COPD and IHD, who were divided into two groups: group 1 included 72 patients with in¬frequent exacerbations of COPD (0-1 per year) and group 2 included 56 patients with frequent exacerbations of COPD (exacerbation of COPD ≥2 per year). The control groups consisted of 15 smokers without COPD and IHD, 11 practically healthy non-smokers and 11 patients with IHD who do not smoke. All patients underwent DNA isolation and purification, followed by determination of the Tyr113His polymorphism of the EPHX1 microsomal epoxide hydrolase gene (rs1051740).

    RESULTS: Results: There was a significant association of the carriage of the CC genotype of the EPHX1 gene in patients with COPD and IHD (RO = 21.326 [95.0% CI 4.217-107.846], p <0.001) with a more severe course of COPD compared with the TT genotype of the EPHX1 gene.

    CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Patients with COPD and coronary heart disease who were carriers of a homozygous variant СС of the EPHX1 gene have a reliable association with a more severe course of COPD with frequent exacerbations (higher class according to GOLD classification and more severe symptoms of COPD according to the СAT questionnaire).

    Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
  15. Fulltext Prevalence and Structure of HIV-1 Drug Resistance to Antiretrovirals in the Volga Federal District in 2008-2019
    Peksheva O, Kuzovatova E, Parfenova O, Zaytseva N
    Viruses, 2022 Aug 27;14(9).
    PMID: 36146704 DOI: 10.3390/v14091898
    The increasing number of HIV-infected people who are receiving ART, including those with low adherence, is causing the spread of HIV drug resistance (DR). A total of 1396 plasma samples obtained from treatment-experienced patients from the Volga federal district (VFD), Russia, were examined to investigate HIV DR occurrence. The time periods 2008−2015 and 2016−2019 were compared. Fragmentary Sanger sequencing was employed to identify HIV resistance to reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) using an ABI 3500XL genetic analyzer, a ViroSeq™ HIV-1 genotyping system (Alameda, CA, USA) and AmpliSense HIV-Resist-Seq reagent kits (Moscow, Russia). In 2016−2019, HIV DR was detected significantly more often than in 2008−2015 (p < 0.01). Mutations to RTIs retained leading positions in the structure of DR. Frequencies of resistance mutations to nucleoside and non-nucleoside RTIs (NRTIs and NNRTIs) in the spectra of detected mutations show no significant differences. Resistance to NRTIs after 2016 began to be registered more often as a part of multidrug resistance (MDR), as opposed to resistance to a single class of antiretrovirals. The frequency of DR mutations to PIs was low, both before and after 2016 (7.9% and 6.1% in the spectrum, respectively, p > 0.05). MDR registration rate became significantly higher from 2008 to 2019 (17.1% to 72.7% of patients, respectively, p < 0.01). M184V was the dominant replacement in all the years of study. A significant increase in the frequency of K65R replacement was revealed. The prevalence of integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) resistance mutations remains to be investigated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
  16. Genetic diversity of bluetongue viruses in south east Asia
    Pritchard LI, Sendow I, Lunt R, Hassan SH, Kattenbelt J, Gould AR, et al.
    Virus Res, 2004 May;101(2):193-201.
    PMID: 15041187
    Bluetongue viruses (BTV) were isolated from sentinel cattle in Malaysia and at two sites in Indonesia. We identified eight serotypes some of which appeared to have a wide distribution throughout this region, while others were only isolated in Malaysia or Australia. Nearly half of the 24 known BTV serotypes have now been identified in Asia. Further, we investigated the genetic diversity of their RNA segments 3 and 10. Using partial nucleotide sequences of the RNA segment 3 (540 bp) which codes for the conserved core protein (VP3), the BTV isolates were found to be unique to the previously defined Australasian topotype and could be further subdivided into four distinct clades or genotypes. Certain of these genotypes appeared to be geographically restricted while others were distributed widely throughout the region. Similarly, the complete nucleotide sequences of the RNA segment 10 (822 bp), coding for the non-structural protein (NS3/3A), were also conserved and grouped into the five genotypes; the BTV isolates could be grouped into three Asian genotypes and two Nth American/Sth African genotypes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
  17. A molecular epidemiological study targeting the glycoprotein gene of rabies virus isolates from China
    Meng SL, Yan JX, Xu GL, Nadin-Davis SA, Ming PG, Liu SY, et al.
    Virus Res, 2007 Mar;124(1-2):125-38.
    PMID: 17129631
    A group of 31 rabies viruses (RABVs), recovered primarily from dogs, one deer and one human case, were collected from various areas in China between 1989 and 2006. Complete G gene sequences determined for these isolates indicated identities of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of >or=87% and 93.8%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of these and some additional Chinese isolates clearly supported the placement of all Chinese viruses in Lyssavirus genotype 1 and divided all Chinese isolates between four distinct groups (I-IV). Several variants identified within the most commonly encountered group I were distributed according to their geographical origins. A comparison of representative Chinese viruses with other isolates retrieved world-wide indicated a close evolutionary relationship between China group I and II viruses and those of Indonesia while China group III viruses formed an outlying branch to variants from Malaysia and Thailand. China group IV viruses were closely related to several vaccine strains. The predicted glycoprotein sequences of these RABVs variants are presented and discussed with respect to the utility of the anti-rabies biologicals currently employed in China.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
  18. Genomic recombination in primate bocavirus: inconsistency and alternative interpretations
    Chong YL, Ng KH
    Virus Genes, 2017 Dec;53(6):774-777.
    PMID: 28456924 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1459-6
    Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a single-stranded DNA virus in Parvoviridae family, causing respiratory diseases in human. The recent identifications of genomic recombination among the four human bocavirus genotypes and related non-human primate bocaviruses have shed lights into the evolutionary processes underpinning the diversity of primate bocavirus. Among these reports, however, we found inconsistency and possible alternative interpretations of the recombination events. In this study, these recombination events were reviewed, and the related genome sequences were re-analysed, aiming to inform the research community of bocavirus with more consistent knowledge and comprehensive interpretations on the recombination history of primate bocavirus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
  19. Fulltext Molecular characterization of Brazilian FeLV strains in São Luis, Maranhão Brazil
    Martins NDS, Rodrigues APS, Bicalho JM, Albuquerque JJ, Reis LL, Alves LL, et al.
    Virus Genes, 2023 Aug;59(4):562-571.
    PMID: 37195404 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-01997-x
    The feline leukemia virus (FeLV) belongs to the Retroviridae family and Gammaretrovirus genus, and causes a variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases in domestic cats (Felis catus), such as thymic and multicentric lymphomas, myelodysplastic syndromes, acute myeloid leukemia, aplastic anemia, and immunodeficiency. The aim of the present study was to carry out the molecular characterization of FeLV-positive samples and determine the circulating viral subtype in the city of São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, as well as identify its phylogenetic relationship and genetic diversity. The FIV Ac/FeLV Ag Test Kit (Alere™) and the commercial immunoenzymatic assay kit (Alere™) were used to detect the positive samples, which were subsequently confirmed by ELISA (ELISA - SNAP® Combo FeLV/FIV). To confirm the presence of proviral DNA, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify the target fragments of 450, 235, and 166 bp of the FeLV gag gene. For the detection of FeLV subtypes, nested PCR was performed for FeLV-A, B, and C, with amplification of 2350-, 1072-, 866-, and 1755-bp fragments for the FeLV env gene. The results obtained by nested PCR showed that the four positive samples amplified the A and B subtypes. The C subtype was not amplified. There was an AB combination but no ABC combination. Phylogenetic analysis revealed similarities (78% bootstrap) between the subtype circulating in Brazil and FeLV-AB and with the subtypes of Eastern Asia (Japan) and Southeast Asia (Malaysia), demonstrating that this subtype possesses high genetic variability and a differentiated genotype.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
  20. Fulltext Emergence of Japanese encephalitis virus genotype V in the Republic of Korea
    Takhampunya R, Kim HC, Tippayachai B, Kengluecha A, Klein TA, Lee WJ, et al.
    Virol J, 2011;8:449.
    PMID: 21943222 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-8-449
    Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) genotype V reemerged in Asia (China) in 2009 after a 57-year hiatus from the continent, thereby emphasizing a need to increase regional surveillance efforts. Genotypic characterization was performed on 19 JEV-positive mosquito pools (18 pools of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and 1 pool of Cx. bitaeniorhynchus) from a total of 64 positive pools collected from geographically different locations throughout the Republic of Korea (ROK) during 2008 and 2010.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genotype*
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