Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 36 in total

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  1. Goulter RM, Taran E, Gentle IR, Gobius KS, Dykes GA
    Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2014 Jul 1;119:90-8.
    PMID: 24880987 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.04.003
    The role of Escherichia coli H antigens in hydrophobicity and attachment to glass, Teflon and stainless steel (SS) surfaces was investigated through construction of fliC knockout mutants in E. coli O157:H7, O1:H7 and O157:H12. Loss of FliC(H12) in E. coli O157:H12 decreased attachment to glass, Teflon and stainless steel surfaces (p<0.05). Complementing E. coli O157:H12 ΔfliC(H12) with cloned wildtype (wt) fliC(H12) restored attachment to wt levels. The loss of FliCH7 in E. coli O157:H7 and O1:H7 did not always alter attachment (p>0.05), but complementation with cloned fliC(H12), as opposed to cloned fliCH7, significantly increased attachment for both strains compared with wt counterparts (p<0.05). Hydrophobicity determined using bacterial adherence to hydrocarbons and contact angle measurements differed with fliC expression but was not correlated to the attachment to materials included in this study. Purified FliC was used to functionalise silicone nitride atomic force microscopy probes, which were used to measure adhesion forces between FliC and substrates. Although no significant difference in adhesion force was observed between FliC(H12) and FliCH7 probes, differences in force curves suggest different mechanism of attachment for FliC(H12) compared with FliCH7. These results indicate that E. coli strains expressing flagellar H12 antigens have an increased ability to attach to certain abiotic surfaces compared with E. coli strains expressing H7 antigens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glass/chemistry
  2. Razak AA, Harrison A
    J Prosthet Dent, 1997 Apr;77(4):353-8.
    PMID: 9104710
    Dimensional accuracy of a composite inlay restoration is important to ensure an accurate fit and to minimize cementation stresses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glass/chemistry
  3. Wang Y, Lee SM, Dykes GA
    Biofouling, 2013;29(3):307-18.
    PMID: 23528127 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2013.774377
    Tea can inhibit the attachment of Streptococcus mutans to surfaces and subsequent biofilm formation. Five commercial tea extracts were screened for their ability to inhibit attachment and biofilm formation by two strains of S. mutans on glass and hydroxyapatite surfaces. The mechanisms of these effects were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and phytochemical screening. The results indicated that extracts of oolong tea most effectively inhibited attachment and extracts of pu-erh tea most effectively inhibited biofilm formation. SEM images showed that the S. mutans cells treated with extracts of oolong tea, or grown in medium containing extracts of pu-erh tea, were coated with tea components and were larger with more rounded shapes. The coatings on the cells consisted of flavonoids, tannins and indolic compounds. The ratio of tannins to simple phenolics in each of the coating samples was ∼3:1. This study suggests potential mechanisms by which tea components may inhibit the attachment and subsequent biofilm formation of S. mutans on tooth surfaces, such as modification of cell surface properties and blocking of the activity of proteins and the structures used by the bacteria to interact with surfaces.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glass/chemistry
  4. Othman R, Vladisavljević GT, Thomas NL, Nagy ZK
    Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2016 May 01;141:187-195.
    PMID: 26852102 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.01.042
    Paracetamol (PCM)-loaded composite nanoparticles (NPs) composed of a biodegradable poly(d,l-lactide) (PLA) polymer matrix filled with organically modified montmorillonite (MMT) nanoparticles were fabricated by antisolvent nanoprecipitation in a microfluidic co-flow glass capillary device. The incorporation of MMT in the polymer improved both the drug encapsulation efficiency and the drug loading, and extended the rate of drug release in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4). The particle size increased on increasing both the drug loading and the concentration of MMT in the polymer matrix, and decreased on increasing the aqueous to organic flow rate ratio. The drug encapsulation efficiency in the NPs was higher at higher aqueous to organic flow rate ratio due to faster formation of the NPs. The PCM-loaded PLA NPs containing 2 wt% MMT in PLA prepared at an aqueous to organic flow rate ratio of 10 with an orifice size of 200 μm exhibited a spherical shape with a mean size of 296 nm, a drug encapsulation efficiency of 38.5% and a drug loading of 5.4%. The encapsulation of MMT and PCM in the NPs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glass/chemistry*
  5. Pourshahrestani S, Zeimaran E, Kadri NA, Gargiulo N, Jindal HM, Hasikin K, et al.
    Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2019 May;98:1022-1033.
    PMID: 30812986 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.022
    A novel series of silver-doped mesoporous bioactive glass/poly(1,8-octanediol citrate) (AgMBG/POC) elastomeric biocomposite scaffolds were successfully constructed by a salt-leaching technique for the first time and the effect of inclusion of different AgMBG contents (5, 10, and 20 wt%) on physicochemical and biological properties of pure POC elastomer was evaluated. Results indicated that AgMBG particles were uniformly dispersed in the POC matrix and increasing the AgMBG concentration into POC matrix up to 20 wt% enhanced thermal behaviour, mechanical properties and water uptake ability of the composite scaffolds compared to those from POC. The 20%AgMBG/POC additionally showed higher degradation rate in Tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane-HCl (Tris-HCl) compared with pure POC and lost about 26% of its initial weight after soaking for 28 days. The AgMBG phase incorporation also significantly endowed the resulting composite scaffolds with efficient antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria while preserving their favorable biocompatibility with soft tissue cells (i.e., human dermal fibroblast cells). Taken together, our results suggest that the synergistic effect of both AgMBG and POC make these newly designed AgMBG/POC composite scaffold an attractive candidate for soft tissue engineering applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glass/chemistry*
  6. Arzmi MH, Abdul Razak F, Yusoff Musa M, Wan Harun WH
    FEMS Yeast Res., 2012 May;12(3):351-8.
    PMID: 22225549 DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2011.00786.x
    Phenotypic switching is characterized as a virulence factor of Candida spp. This study was carried out to evaluate the phenotypic switching ability of C. krusei ATCC 14243 and to determine its effect on the biological properties, adherence capacity and susceptibility towards chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX). To induce switched generations C. krusei was cultured under nitrogen-depleted growth conditions by adding phloxine B. These phenotypically switched colonies were designated as the 1st generation. Subsequent sub-culturing was performed to produce the 2nd, 3rd and 4th switched generations. The recovery of the 3rd generation was the highest at 85.7% while that of the 4th generation was lower at 70.8%, and the recovery of the 1st and 2nd generations gradually reduced to 46.6% and 36.4%, respectively. All generations of C. krusei were susceptible towards CHX. The unswitched C. krusei was the most susceptible but the least adherent to coated hard surfaces. The 2nd generation was the least susceptible, but with the highest adherent ability. The minimum inhibition concentration and minimal fungicidal concentration of C. krusei of all generations were determined at 0.4 mg mL(-1) . These observations suggest that the switching activity of C. krusei induces changes to its biological properties and susceptibility towards CHX.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glass/chemistry
  7. Yatongchai C, Placek LM, Curran DJ, Towler MR, Wren AW
    J Biomater Appl, 2015 Nov;30(5):495-511.
    PMID: 26116020 DOI: 10.1177/0885328215592866
    Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) is widely investigated as an implantable material for hard tissue restoration due to its osteoconductive properties. However, hydroxyapatite in bulk form is limited as its mechanical properties are insufficient for load-bearing orthopedic applications. Attempts have been made to improve the mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite, by incorporating ceramic fillers, but the resultant composite materials require high sintering temperatures to facilitate densification, leading to the decomposition of hydroxyapatite into tricalcium phosphate, tetra-calcium phosphate and CaO phases. One method of improving the properties of hydroxyapatite is to incorporate bioactive glass particles as a second phase. These typically have lower softening points which could possibly facilitate sintering at lower temperatures. In this work, a bioactive glass (SiO2-CaO-ZnO-Na2O-TiO2) is incorporated (10, 20 and 30 wt%) into hydroxyapatite as a reinforcing phase. X-ray diffraction confirmed that no additional phases (other than hydroxyapatite) were formed at a sintering temperature of 560 ℃ with up to 30 wt% glass addition. The addition of the glass phase increased the % crystallinity and the relative density of the composites. The biaxial flexural strength increased to 36 MPa with glass addition, and there was no significant change in hardness as a function of maturation. The pH of the incubation media increased to pH 10 or 11 through glass addition, and ion release profiles determined that Si, Na and P were released from the composites. Calcium phosphate precipitation was encouraged in simulated body fluid with the incorporation of the bioactive glass phase, and cell culture testing in MC-3T3 osteoblasts determined that the composite materials did not significantly reduce cell viability.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glass/chemistry*
  8. Ghanim MH, Najimudin N, Ibrahim K, Abdullah MZ
    IET Nanobiotechnol, 2014 Jun;8(2):77-82.
    PMID: 25014078 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2012.0044
    Miniaturisation of microchip capillary electrophoresis (MCE) is becoming an increasingly important research topic, particularly in areas related to micro total analysis systems or lab on a chip. One of the important features associated with the miniaturised MCE system is the portable power supply unit. In this work, a very low electric field MCE utilising an amperometric detection scheme was designed for use in DNA separation. The device was fabricated from a glass/polydimethylsiloxane hybrid engraved microchannel with platinum electrodes sputtered onto a glass substrate. Measurement was based on a three-electrode arrangement, and separation was achieved using a very low electric field of 12 V/cm and sample volume of 1.5 µl. The device was tested using two commercial DNA markers of different base pair sizes. The results are in agreement with conventional electrophoresis, but with improved resolution. The sensitivity consistently higher than 100 nA, and the separation time approximately 45 min, making this microchip an ideal tool for DNA analysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glass/chemistry
  9. Mohd Amin MF, Heijman SG, Lopes SI, Rietveld LC
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:162157.
    PMID: 25197693 DOI: 10.1155/2014/162157
    This paper reports on the direct ability of two positively charged organic polyelectrolytes (natural-based and synthetic) to reduce the atrazine concentration in water. The adsorption study was set up using multiple glass vessels with different polymer dosing levels followed by ultrafiltration with a 1 kDa membrane. The addition of polymers exhibited a capability in reducing the atrazine concentration up to a maximum of 60% in surface-to-volume ratio experiments. In the beginning, the theoretical L-type of the isotherm of Giles' classification was expected with an increase in the dosage of the polymer. However, in this study, the conventional type of isotherm was not observed. It was found that the adsorption of the cationic polymer on the negatively charged glass surface was necessary and influential for the removal of atrazine. Surface-to-volume ratio adsorption experiments were performed to elucidate the mechanisms and the polymer configuration. The glass surface area was determined to be a limiting parameter in the adsorption mechanism.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glass/chemistry
  10. Zaman MR, Islam MT, Misran N, Yatim B
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:831435.
    PMID: 24977230 DOI: 10.1155/2014/831435
    A radio frequency (RF) resonator using glass-reinforced epoxy material for C and X band is proposed in this paper. Microstrip line technology for RF over glass-reinforced epoxy material is analyzed. Coupling mechanism over RF material and parasitic coupling performance is explained utilizing even and odd mode impedance with relevant equivalent circuit. Babinet's principle is deployed to explicate the circular slot ground plane of the proposed resonator. The resonator is designed over four materials from different backgrounds which are glass-reinforced epoxy, polyester, gallium arsenide (GaAs), and rogers RO 4350B. Parametric studies and optimization algorithm are applied over the geometry of the microstrip resonator to achieve dual band response for C and X band. Resonator behaviors for different materials are concluded and compared for the same structure. The final design is fabricated over glass-reinforced epoxy material. The fabricated resonator shows a maximum directivity of 5.65 dBi and 6.62 dBi at 5.84 GHz and 8.16 GHz, respectively. The lowest resonance response is less than -20 dB for C band and -34 dB for X band. The resonator is prototyped using LPKF (S63) drilling machine to study the material behavior.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glass/chemistry*
  11. Amjad RJ, Sahar MR, Dousti MR, Ghoshal SK, Jamaludin MN
    Opt Express, 2013 Jun 17;21(12):14282-90.
    PMID: 23787617 DOI: 10.1364/OE.21.014282
    We report significant enhancements in Er(3+) luminescence as well as in Raman intensity in silver nanoparticles embedded zinc-tellurite glass. Surface enhanced Raman scattering effect is highlighted for the first time in tellurite glass containing silver NPs resulting in an enhanced Raman signal (~10 times). SAED manifest the growth of Ag(0) nanoparticles along the (111) and (200) crystallographic planes having average diameter in the range 14-36 nm. Surface plasmon resonance bands are observed in the range 484-551 nm. Furthermore, four prominent photoluminescence bands undergo significant enhancements up to 3 times. The enhancement is majorly attributed to the local field effect of silver NPs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glass/chemistry*
  12. Abd Samad H, Jaafar M, Othman R, Kawashita M, Abdul Razak NH
    Biomed Mater Eng, 2011;21(4):247-58.
    PMID: 22182792 DOI: 10.3233/BME-2011-0673
    In present study, a new composition of glass-ceramic was synthesized based on the Na2O-CaO-SiO2-P2O5 glass system. Heat treatment of glass powder was carried out in 2 stages: 600 °C as the nucleation temperature and different temperature on crystallization at 850, 950 and 1000 °C. The glass-ceramic heat-treated at 950 °C was selected as bioactive filler in commercial PMMA bone cement; (PALACOS® LV) due to its ability to form 2 high crystallization phases in comparison with 850 and 1000 °C. The results of this newly glass-ceramic filled PMMA bone cement at 0-16 wt% of filler loading were compared with those of hydroxyapatite (HA). The effect of different filler loading on the setting properties was evaluated. The peak temperature during the polymerization of bone cement decreased when the liquid to powder (L/P) ratio was reduced. The setting time, however, did not show any trend when filler loading was increased. In contrast, dough time was observed to decrease with increased filler loading. Apatite morphology was observed on the surface of the glass-ceramic and selected cement after bioactivity test.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glass/chemistry
  13. Zainal Z, Hui LK, Hussein MZ, Abdullah AH, Hamadneh IM
    J Hazard Mater, 2009 May 15;164(1):138-45.
    PMID: 18809254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.07.154
    In this paper, the newly explored TiO(2)-Chitosan/Glass was suggested as a promising alternative material to conventional means of wastewater treatment. Characterization of TiO(2)-Chitosan/Glass photocatalyst was studied with SEM-EDX, XRD, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The combination effect of photodegradation-adsorption process for the removal of methyl orange (MO), an acid dye of the monoazo series occur promisingly when four layers of TiO(2)-Chitosan/Glass photocatalyst was used for MO removal. Approximately, 87.0% of total MO removal was achieved. The reactive -NH(2), -OH, and metal oxide contents in the prepared photocatalyst responsible for the photodegradation-adsorption effect were confirmed by FTIR study. Similarly, MO removal behavior was well supported by SEM-EDX and XRD analysis. Significant dependence of MO removal on the TiO(2)-Chitosan loading can be explained in terms of relationship between quantum yield of photocatalytic reactions and photocatalyst structure/activity. Hence, the research work done thus far suggests a new method, having both the advantages of photodegradation-adsorption process in the abatement of various wastewater pollutants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glass/chemistry*
  14. Alajerami YS, Hashim S, Ramli AT, Saleh MA, Kadni T
    Radiat Prot Dosimetry, 2013 Jun;155(1):1-10.
    PMID: 23193136 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs310
    The thermoluminescent properties of boric glass modified with lithium and potassium carbonates (LKB) and co-doped with CuO and MgO are reported for the first time. Two techniques are applied to investigate the effect of dopants and co-dopants on the thermal stimulation properties of LKB. The induced TL glow curves of a CuO-doped sample are found to be at 220°C with a single peak. An enhancement of about three times is shown with the increment of 0.1 mol % MgO as a co-dopant impurity. This enhancement may contribute to the ability of magnesium to create extra electron traps and consequently the energy transfer to monovalent Cu(+) ions. LKB:Cu,Mg is low Z material (Zeff=8.55), and observed 15 times less sensitive than LiF: Mg, Ti (TLD-100). The proposed dosemeter showed good linearity in TL dose-response, low fading and excellent reproducibility with a simple glow curve, and thus, can be used in the radiation dosimetry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glass/chemistry*
  15. Hashim SP, Sidek HA, Halimah MK, Matori KA, Yusof WM, Zaid MH
    Int J Mol Sci, 2013;14(1):1022-30.
    PMID: 23296276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14011022
    A systematic set of borotellurite glasses doped with manganese (1-x) [(B(2)O(3))(0.3)(TeO(2))(0.7)]-xMnO, with x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mol%, were successfully synthesized by using a conventional melt and quench-casting technique. In this study, the remelting effect of the glass samples on their microstructure was investigated through density measurement and FT-IR spectra and evaluated by XRD techniques. Initial experimental results from XRD evaluation show that there are two distinct phases of glassy and crystallite microstructure due to the existence of peaks in the sample. The different physical behaviors of the studied glasses were closely related to the concentration of manganese in each phase. FTIR spectra revealed that the addition of manganese oxide contributes the transformation of TeO(4) trigonal bipyramids with bridging oxygen (BO) to TeO(3) trigonal pyramids with non-bridging oxygen (NBO).
    Matched MeSH terms: Glass/chemistry*
  16. Ehsan MA, Naeem R, Khaledi H, Sohail M, Hakeem Saeed A, Mazhar M
    Dalton Trans, 2016 Jun 21;45(25):10222-32.
    PMID: 27230711 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01016d
    Cobalt titanate-titania composite oxide films have been grown on FTO-coated glass substrates using a single-source heterometallic complex [Co2Ti4(μ-O)6(TFA)8(THF)6]·THF () which was obtained in quantitative yield from the reaction of diacetatocobalt(ii) tetrahydrate, tetraisopropoxytitanium(iv), and trifluoroacetic acid from a tetrahydrofuran solution. Physicochemical investigations of complex have been carried out by melting point, FT-IR, thermogravimetric and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. CoTiO3-TiO2 films composed of spherical objects of various sizes have been grown from by aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition at different temperatures of 500, 550 and 600 °C. Thin films characterized by XRD, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis have been explored for electrochemical detection of dopamine (DA). The cyclic voltammetry with the CoTiO3-TiO2 electrode showed a DA oxidation peak at +0.215 V while linear sweep voltammetry displayed a detection limit (LoD) of 0.083 μM and a linear concentration range of 20-300 μM for DA. Thus, the CoTiO3-TiO2 electrode is a potential candidate for the sensitive and selective detection of DA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glass/chemistry
  17. Chieng N, Teo X, Cheah MH, Choo ML, Chung J, Hew TK, et al.
    J Pharm Sci, 2019 12;108(12):3848-3858.
    PMID: 31542436 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.09.013
    The study aims to characterize the structural relaxation times of quench-cooled co-amorphous systems using Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) and to correlate the relaxation data with the onset of crystallization. Comparison was also made between the relaxation times obtained by KWW and the width of glass transition temperature (ΔTg) methods (simple and quick). Differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, and polarized light microscopy were used to characterize the systems. Results showed that co-amorphous systems yielded a single Tg and ΔCp, suggesting the binary mixtures exist as a single amorphous phase. A narrow step change at Tg indicates the systems were fragile glasses. In co-amorphous nap-indo and para-indo, experimental Tgs were in good agreement with the predicted Tg. However, the Tg of co-amorphous nap-cim and indo-cim were 20°C higher than the predicted Tg, possibly due to stronger molecular interactions. Structural relaxation times below the experimental Tg were successfully characterized using the KWW and ΔTg methods. The comparison plot showed that KWW data are directly proportional to the ½ power of ΔTg data, after adjusting for a small offset. A moderate positive correlation was observed between the onset of crystallization and the KWW data. Structural relaxation times may be useful predictor of physical stability of co-amorphous systems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glass/chemistry*
  18. Shahid MM, Rameshkumar P, Numan A, Shahabuddin S, Alizadeh M, Khiew PS, et al.
    Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2019 Jul;100:388-395.
    PMID: 30948075 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.02.107
    Cobalt oxide nanocubes incorporated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO-Co3O4) was prepared by using simple one-step hydrothermal route. Crystallinity and structural characteristics of the nanocomposite were analyzed and confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman analysis, respectively. The cubical shape of the Co3O4 nanostructures and the distribution of Co3O4 nanocubes on the surface of rGO sheets were identified through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping analysis, respectively. Raman spectra depicted the presence of D and G bands for GO and rGO with different ID/IG values and thus confirmed the reduction of GO into rGO. The electrochemical study reflects that the rGO-Co3O4 nanocomposite shows good electrocatalytic activity in oxidation of depression biomarker serotonin (5-HT) in phosphate buffer (pH 7.2). The detection of 5-HT was carried out by using rGO-Co3O4 nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode under dynamic condition using amperometry technique with a linear range of 1-10 μM. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were calculated and found to be 1.128 and 3.760 μM, respectively with a sensitivity value of 0.133 μΑ·μM-1. The sensor showed selectivity in the presence of different interferent species such as ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glass/chemistry*
  19. Ishak KA, Velayutham TS, Annuar MSM, Sirajudeen AAO
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2021 Feb 01;169:311-320.
    PMID: 33340632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.090
    Dielectric spectroscopy is employed to study the relaxation phenomena in natural polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) upon temperature and frequency variations. Effects of PHAs molecular structure on the relaxation, arising from the differences in monomeric composition, are investigated under identical conditions in a frequency range of 10-2-106 Hz, and at different temperatures. All PHA samples showed different dielectric response at different temperature. Primary α-relaxation signals are observed at temperature corresponding to the glass transition temperature. On the other hand, secondary β- and γ-relaxations are detected at low temperatures, and attributed to local motions of polar groups and small segments of the polymer chain. The dielectric properties of representative PHA samples are compared and discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glass/chemistry
  20. Jawad AH, Azharul Islam M, Hameed BH
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2017 Feb;95:743-749.
    PMID: 27914966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.087
    Fabrication of an immobilized cross-linked chitosan-epichlorohydrine thin film (CLCETF) onto glass plate for adsorption of reactive orange 16 (RO16) dye was successfully studied using the direct casting technique. Adsorption experiments were performed as a function of contact time, initial dye concentration (25mg/L to 350mg/L), and pH (3-11). The adsorption isotherm followed the Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity of CLECTF for RO16 was 356.50mg/g at 27±2°C. The kinetics closely followed the pseudo-second-order model. Results supported the potential use of an immobilized CLECTF as effective adsorbent for the treatment of reactive dye without using filtration process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glass/chemistry*
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