Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 33 in total

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  1. Li Y, Li S, Wang Y, Zhou J, Yang J, Ma J
    J Fr Ophtalmol, 2021 Dec;44(10):1596-1604.
    PMID: 34454773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2021.05.005
    BACKGROUND: The main risks for glaucoma are increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and decreased ocular perfusion pressure (OPP). This review aims to examine the potential impact of lower limb isometric resistance exercise on intraocular pressure and ocular perfusion pressure.

    METHOD: A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the potential impact of isometric exercise on IOP and OPP. The literature on the relationship between isometric resistance exercise and IOP was systematically searched according to the "Cochrane Handbook" in the databases of Pubmed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Scopus through December 31, 2020. The search terms used were "exercise," "train," "isometric," "intraocular pressure," and "ocular perfusion pressure," and the mean differences of the data were analyzed using the Stata 16.0 software, with a 95% confidence interval.

    RESULTS: A total of 13 studies, which included 268 adult participants consisting of 162 men and 106 women, were selected. All the exercise programs that were included were isometric resistance exercises of the lower limbs with intervention times of 1min, 2min, or 6min. The increase in IOP after intervention was as follows: I2=87.1%, P=0.001 using random-effects model combined statistics, SMD=1.03 (0.48, 1.59), and the increase in OPP was as follows: I2=94.5%, P=0.001 using random-effects model combined statistics, SMD=2.94 (1.65, 4.22), with both results showing high heterogeneity.

    CONCLUSION: As isometric exercise may cause an increase in IOP and OPP, therefore, people with glaucoma and related high risk should perform isometric exercise with caution.

    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Open-Angle*
  2. Honjo M, Yamagishi R, Igarashi N, Ku CY, Kurano M, Yatomi Y, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2021 01 12;11(1):747.
    PMID: 33436915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80736-w
    To evaluate the effect of postoperative corticosteroids on surgical outcome and autotaxin (ATX) levels after microhook ab interno trabeculotomy combined with cataract surgery (μLOT-CS), prospective, consecutive non-randomized case series comparing outcomes of 30 eyes with primary open angle glaucoma was performed. The aqueous ATX, intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma medications were monitored for 3 months postoperatively. An in-vivo mouse μLOT model was generated. In vitro, ATX and fibrotic changes induced by dexamethasone (Dex) treatment following scratch (S) in cultured human trabecular meshwork (hTM) cells were assessed by immunofluorescence, immunoenzymatic assay, and RT-qPCR. Postoperative ATX at 1 week and the number of antiglaucoma medications at 3 months were significantly lower in non-steroid group, and steroid use was the only variable significantly associated with postoperative medications at 3 months in multiregression analyses. In vitro, ATX activity was significantly upregulated in the Dex + S group, and αSMA was significantly upregulated in the Dex and Dex + S groups. Fibronectin and COL1A1 were significantly upregulated in the S group. μLOT-CS decreased IOP and medications in the overall cohort, and non-use of postoperative steroids resulted in a smaller number of postoperative medications. Limiting postoperative steroids in μLOT may minimize IOP elevation and postoperative fibrosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Open-Angle/surgery*
  3. Amy Suzana Abu Bakar, Norhafiza Razali, Mohammad Daniel Shafiq Hassan, Renu Agarwal
    MyJurnal
    Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterised by optic nerve degeneration associated with
    visual field defects. It remains the world’s number one cause of irreversible blindness and
    patients usually present at late stage of the disease since it is generally asymptomatic until
    severe. The disease is subdivided into primary and secondary with primary open-angle
    glaucoma (POAG) being the most common type. At present, lowering the intraocular pressure
    (IOP) remains the only proven efficient approach in delaying the onset or preventing the
    progression of the disease. Medical treatment with topical antiglaucoma agents is the
    treatment of choice in open angle glaucoma. The use of antiglaucoma drugs aims to reduce
    IOP by enhancing aqueous humour (AH) outflow, reducing AH production, or both. The choice
    to use any available treatment option should be carefully considered in an attempt to maximise
    benefits and reducing the risk of developing adverse drug reactions. This review highlights the
    six classes of ocular hypotensive agents currently in use for POAG treatment including
    prostaglandin analogues; -adrenergic receptor blockers; -2 adrenergic receptor stimulants;
    carbonic anhydrase inhibitors; muscarinic receptor stimulants; rho kinase inhibitors with
    regards to their mechanism/s of action and potential adverse drug reactions, and
    antiglaucoma fixed drug combinations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Open-Angle
  4. Abdullah SN, Sanderson GF, Husni MA, Maddess T
    PMID: 32034583 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-020-09750-7
    PURPOSE: To compare two forms of perimetry that use large contrast-modulated grating stimuli in terms of: their relative diagnostic power, their independent diagnostic information about glaucoma and their utility for mfVEPs. We evaluated a contrast-threshold mfVEP in normal controls using the same stimuli as one of the tests.

    METHODS: We measured psychophysical contrast thresholds in one eye of 16 control subjects and 19 patients aged 67.8 ± 5.65 and 71.9 ± 7.15, respectively, (mean ± SD). Patients ranged in disease severity from suspects to severe glaucoma. We used the 17-region FDT-perimeter C20-threshold program and a custom 9-region test (R9) with similar visual field coverage. The R9 stimuli scaled their spatial frequencies with eccentricity and were modulated at lower temporal frequencies than C20 and thus did not display a clear spatial frequency-doubling (FD) appearance. Based on the overlapping areas of the stimuli, we transformed the C20 results to 9 measures for direct comparison with R9. We also compared mfVEP-based and psychophysical contrast thresholds in 26 younger (26.6 ± 7.3 y, mean ± SD) and 20 older normal control subjects (66.5 ± 7.3 y) control subjects using the R9 stimuli.

    RESULTS: The best intraclass correlations between R9/C20 thresholds were for the central and outer regions: 0.82 ± 0.05 (mean ± SD, p ≤ 0.0001). The areas under receiver operator characteristic plots for C20 and R9 were as high as 0.99 ± 0.012 (mean ± SE). Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) showed significant correlation (r = 0.638, p = 0.029) with 1 dimension of the C20 and R9 data, suggesting that the lower and higher temporal frequency tests probed the same neural mechanism(s). Low signal quality made the contrast-threshold mfVEPs non-viable. The resulting mfVEP thresholds were limited by noise to artificially high contrasts, which unlike the psychophysical versions, were not correlated with age.

    CONCLUSION: The lower temporal frequency R9 stimuli had similar diagnostic power to the FDT-C20 stimuli. CCA indicated the both stimuli drove similar neural mechanisms, possibly suggesting no advantage of FD stimuli for mfVEPs. Given that the contrast-threshold mfVEPs were non-viable, we used the present and published results to make recommendations for future mfVEP tests.

    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Open-Angle/physiopathology*
  5. Kashiwagi K, Chono E, Koesters S, Yap PS
    BMC Ophthalmol, 2020 Jun 10;20(1):223.
    PMID: 32522181 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01508-8
    BACKGROUND: Poor persistence with glaucoma therapy can lead to disease progression and subsequent blindness. Persistence with second-line glaucoma combination treatment in a Japanese real-world setting and whether it differed from fixed and unfixed combination drugs was investigated.

    METHODS: This was a retrospective, non-interventional, cohort study using data from a Japanese medical claims database. Patients with glaucoma aged ≥20 years with a first drug claim for glaucoma treatment between 01 July 2005 and 30 October 2014 and with data for > 6 months before and after this first prescription were included. The primary endpoint was duration of drug persistence among glaucoma patients with and without the use of fixed combination drugs in the year following initiation of second-line combination treatment.

    RESULTS: Of 1403 patients included in the analysis, 364 (25.94%) received fixed combination drugs and 1039 (74.06%) received unfixed combination drugs as second-line treatment. Baseline characteristics were generally comparable between the groups. A total of 39.01% of patients on fixed combination drugs, compared with 41.67% of patients on unfixed combination drugs, persisted on their glaucoma drugs 12 months post second-index date. Median persistence durations for the fixed combination drugs and unfixed combination drugs groups were 6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5-8) and 7 months (95% CI 6-9), respectively. Patients who received prostaglandin analogs (PGAs) were the most persistent with their treatment (n = 99, 12.84%). Patients diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma were less likely to experience treatment modification (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.800, 95% CI 0.649-0.986, P = 0.036), while those diagnosed with secondary glaucoma were more likely to experience treatment modification (HR: 1.678, 95% CI 1.231-2.288, P = 0.001) compared with glaucoma suspects.

    CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective claims database study, the persistence rate of second-line glaucoma combination treatment was low, with no difference in persistence between glaucoma patients receiving unfixed combination drugs compared with fixed combination drugs. Patients on PGA showed greater persistence rates compared with other treatments.

    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy*; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/physiopathology
  6. Chendran P, Seng Fai T, Wan Abdul Halim WH, Md Din N
    J Glaucoma, 2019 10;28(10):e162-e164.
    PMID: 31368915 DOI: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000001334
    Ocular pyogenic granuloma is a benign tumor seen after ocular insult secondary to ocular surgeries, trauma or infection. Although benign, intervention is sometimes necessary. Previous authors have reported pyogenic granuloma formation following oculoplastic surgeries. We report a pyogenic granuloma after an Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation. A 65-year-old gentleman presented with right eye redness associated with pain and swelling ~2 months after Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation. Examination found a sessile growth on the tube extruding puss with signs of endophthalmitis. The glaucoma drainage device was explanted and culture results grew Staphylococcus aureus. This article discusses the formation of pyogenic granuloma on a glaucoma drainage device and its management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Open-Angle/surgery
  7. Mudassar Imran Bukhari S, Yew KK, Thambiraja R, Sulong S, Ghulam Rasool AH, Ahmad Tajudin LS
    Ther Adv Ophthalmol, 2019 08 22;11:2515841419868100.
    PMID: 31489400 DOI: 10.1177/2515841419868100
    Purpose: To determine the role of microvascular endothelial dysfunction as risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma.

    Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 114 Malay patients with POAG seen at the eye clinic of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Patients aged between 40 and 80 years who were diagnosed with other types of glaucoma, previous glaucoma filtering surgery or other surgeries except uncomplicated cataract surgery and pterygium surgery were excluded. A total of 101 patients who were followed up for dry eyes, age-related cataracts or post cataracts extraction surgery were recruited as control subjects. Those with family history of glaucoma or glaucoma suspect were excluded. Microvascular endothelial function was assessed using laser Doppler fluximetry and the process of iontophoresis. Iontophoresis with acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was used to measure microvascular endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilatations, respectively.

    Results: In general, POAG patients demonstrated lower ACh% and AChmax values compared with controls. There was significant difference in microvascular endothelial function [ACh%: mean, 95% confidence interval = 503.1 (378.0, 628.3), and AChmax: mean, 95% confidence interval = 36.8 (30.2, 43.5)] between primary open angle glaucoma cases (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Open-Angle
  8. Marcus AJ, Iezhitsa I, Agarwal R, Vassiliev P, Spasov A, Zhukovskaya O, et al.
    Eur J Pharmacol, 2019 May 05;850:75-87.
    PMID: 30716317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.01.059
    Ocular hypertension is believed to be involved in the etiology of primary open-angle glaucoma. Although many pharmaceutical agents have been shown to be effective for the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP), a significant opportunity to improve glaucoma treatments remains. Thus, the aims of the present study were: (1) to evaluate the IOP-lowering effect of four compounds RU-551, RU-555, RU-839 (pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazole), and RU-615 (imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazole) on steroid-induced ocular hypertension in rats after single drop and chronic applications; and (2) to test in silico and in vitro conventional rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitory activity of the selected compound. This study demonstrated that RU-551, RU-555, RU-839, and RU-615 significantly reduced IOP in Sprague Dawley rats with dexamethasone (DEXA) induced ocular hypertension after single drop administration (0.1%), however RU-615 showed the best IOP lowering effect as indicated by maximum IOP reduction of 22.32% from baseline. Repeated dose topical application of RU-615 caused sustained reduction of IOP from baseline throughout the 3 weeks of treatment with maximum IOP reduction of 30.31% on day 15. This study also showed that the steroid-induced increase in IOP is associated with increased retinal oxidative stress and significant retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) loss. Prolonged treatment with RU-615 over 3 weeks results in normalization of IOP in DEXA-treated rats with partial restoration of retinal antioxidant status (catalase, glutathione and superoxide dismutase) and subsequent protective effect against RGC loss. Thus, IOP lowering activity of RU-615 together with antioxidant properties might be the factors that contribute to prevention of further RGC loss. In vitro part of this study explored the ROCK inhibitory activity of RU-615 using dexamethasone-treated human trabecular meshwork cells as a possible mechanism of action of its IOP lowering activity. However, this study didn't show conventional ROCK inhibition by RU-615 which was later confirmed by in silico consensus prediction. Therefore, in the future studies it is important to identify the upstream target receptors for RU-615 and then delineate the involved intracellular signalling pathways which are likely to be other than ROCK inhibition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Open-Angle
  9. Yip VCH, Wong HT, Yong VKY, Lim BA, Hee OK, Cheng J, et al.
    J Glaucoma, 2019 01;28(1):80-87.
    PMID: 30461553 DOI: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000001125
    AIM: To study the microvascular density of the macular and optic nerve head in healthy and glaucoma subjects using optical coherence tomography angiography.

    METHODOLOGY: We performed a cross-sectional cohort study on healthy subjects and patients with glaucoma. The AngioVue Enhanced Microvascular Imaging System was used to capture the optic nerve head and macula images during one visit. En face segment images of the macular and optic disc were studied in layers. Microvascular density of the optic nerve head and macula were quantified by the number of pixels measured by a novel in-house developed software. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) were used to determine the accuracy of differentiating between glaucoma and healthy subjects.

    RESULTS: A total of 24 (32 eyes) glaucoma subjects (57.5±9.5-y old) and 29 (58 eyes) age-matched controls (51.17±13.5-y old) were recruited. Optic disc and macula scans were performed showing a greater mean vessel density (VD) in healthy compared with glaucoma subjects. The control group had higher VD than the glaucoma group at the en face segmented layers of the optic disc (optic nerve head: 0.209±0.05 vs. 0.110±0.048, P<0.001; vitreoretinal interface: 0.086±0.045 vs. 0.052±0.034, P=0.001; radial peripapillary capillary: 0.146±0.040 vs. 0.053±0.036, P<0.001; and choroid: 0.228±0.074 vs. 0.165±0.062, P<0.001). Similarly, the VD at the macula was also greater in controls than glaucoma patients (superficial retina capillary plexus: 0.115±0.016 vs. 0.088±0.027, P<0.001; deep retina capillary plexus: 0.233±0.027 vs. 0.136±0.073, P<0.001; outer retinal capillary plexus: 0.190±0.057 vs. 0.136±0.105, P=0.036; and choriocapillaris: 0.225±0.053 vs. 0.153±0.068, P<0.001. The AUROC was highest for optic disc radial peripapillary capillary (0.96), followed by nerve head (0.92) and optic disc choroid (0.76). At the macula, the AUROC was highest for deep retina (0.86), followed by choroid (0.84), superficial retina (0.81), and outer retina (0.72).

    CONCLUSIONS: Microvascular density of the optic disc and macula in glaucoma patients was reduced compared with healthy controls. VD of both optic disc and macula had a high diagnostic ability in differentiating healthy and glaucoma eyes.

    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Open-Angle/physiopathology*
  10. Subramaniam S, Jeoung JW, Lee WJ, Kim YK, Park KH
    Jpn. J. Ophthalmol., 2018 Nov;62(6):634-642.
    PMID: 30229404 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-018-0620-7
    PURPOSE: To compare the diagnostic capability of three-dimensional (3D) neuro-retinal rim thickness (NRR) with existing optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) scan parameters using high-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT).

    DESIGN: Retrospective study.

    METHODS: Based on the mean deviation (MD) of the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA), the 152 subjects were categorized into mild (MD > - 6 dB, 100), moderate (MD - 6 to - 12 dB, 26), and severe (MD glaucoma. The HD-OCT values of NRR, RNFL and ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thicknesses, along with those of other parameters (rim area, disc area) were obtained, and the average NRR thickness was calculated.

    RESULTS: For all of the HD-OCT parameters, RNFL thickness showed a higher area under the ROC (AUROC) curve (range: 0.937-1.000) than did NRR thickness (range: 0.827-1.000). There were significant RNFL, NRR, and GCIPL AUROC curve differences among the mild, moderate and severe glaucoma groups. RNFL thickness for mild glaucoma showed a significantly larger area than did NRR thickness [area difference: 0.110 (± 0.025); p value glaucoma.

    CONCLUSION: RNFL thickness remains significantly better than 3D NRR thickness in terms of glaucoma-diagnostic capability in HD-OCT.

    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Open-Angle/diagnosis*; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/physiopathology
  11. Nurul Hanim Nasaruddin, Nurul Hanim Nasaruddin, Ahmad NazlimYusoff, Sharanjeet, Kaur
    MyJurnal
    The purpose of this study was to characterize, differentiate and correlate visual field and brain activation in visual cortex
    for normal, glaucoma suspect (GS) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) participants using Standard Automated
    Perimetry (SAP) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) respectively. The fMRI scans and SAP test were both
    carried out in Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM). Two types of black-and-white checkerboard
    pattern were displayed to the participants during the fMRI scans. The fMRI data were analyzed using WFU pickatlas
    toolbox targeting visual cortex area. The results showed that there was no significant difference in number of activated
    voxel between the three groups in visual cortex (BA 17, 18 and 19) while viewing all the given stimuli (p > 0.05). The
    pattern standard deviation (PSD) of SAP for visual field also revealed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in all groups of
    participants. However, negative correlation between PSD and fMRI activation was observed. The PSD values increased with
    a decrease in fMRI activation. With reference to visual field analysis, the results suggest that glaucomatous neuropathy of
    POAG patients has led to a gradual decrease in visual cortex activation and a gradual increase in PSD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Open-Angle
  12. Sidek S, Ramli N, Rahmat K, Ramli NM, Abdulrahman F, Kuo TL
    Eur Radiol, 2016 Dec;26(12):4404-4412.
    PMID: 26943134
    OBJECTIVE: To compare the metabolite concentration of optic radiation in glaucoma patients with that of healthy subjects using Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-MRS).

    METHODS: 1H-MRS utilising the Single-Voxel Spectroscopy (SVS) technique was performed using a 3.0Tesla MRI on 45 optic radiations (15 from healthy subjects, 15 from mild glaucoma patients, and 15 from severe glaucoma patients). A standardised Volume of Interest (VOI) of 20 × 20 × 20 mm was placed in the region of optic radiation. Mild and severe glaucoma patients were categorised based on the Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson (HPA) classification. Mean and multiple group comparisons for metabolite concentration and metabolite concentration ratio between glaucoma grades and healthy subjects were obtained using one-way ANOVA.

    RESULTS: The metabolite concentration and metabolite concentration ratio between the optic radiations of glaucoma patients and healthy subjects did not demonstrate any significant difference (p > 0.05).

    CONCLUSION: Our findings show no significant alteration of metabolite concentration associated with neurodegeneration that could be measured by single-voxel 1H-MRS in optic radiation among glaucoma patients.

    KEY POINTS: • Glaucoma disease has a neurodegenerative component. • Metabolite changes have been observed in the neurodegenerative process in the brain. • Using SVS, no metabolite changes in optic radiation were attributed to glaucoma.

    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Open-Angle/pathology*
  13. Bukhari SM, Kiu KY, Thambiraja R, Sulong S, Rasool AH, Liza-Sharmini AT
    Eye (Lond), 2016 Dec;30(12):1579-1587.
    PMID: 27540832 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2016.185
    PurposeThe role of microvascular endothelial dysfunction on severity of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) was investigated in this study.Patients and methodsA prospective cohort study was conducted. One hundred and fourteen ethnically Malay patients (114 eyes) with POAG treated at the eye clinic of Hospital University Sains Malaysia between April 2012 and December 2014 were recruited. Patients aged between 40 and 80 years with two consecutive reliable and reproducible Humphrey visual field 24-2 analyses were selected. Patients who were diagnosed with any other type of glaucoma, previous glaucoma-filtering surgery, or other surgeries except uncomplicated cataract and pterygium surgery were excluded. Humphrey visual field analysis 24-2 was used to stratify the severity of glaucoma using Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) score at the time of recruitment. Microvascular endothelial function was assessed using Laser Doppler fluximetry and iontophoresis. Iontophoresis process with acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was used to measure microvascular endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilatation, respectively.ResultsBased on the AGIS score, 55 patients showed mild glaucoma, with 29 moderate and 30 severe. There was statistically significant difference in microvascular endothelial function (ACh% and AChmax) between mild and moderate POAG cases (P=0.023) and between mild and severe POAG cases (P<0.001). There was negative correlation between microvascular endothelial function and severity of POAG (r=-0.457, P<0.001).ConclusionMicrovascular endothelial dysfunction may have a role in influencing the severity of POAG in Malay patients.

    Study site: Eye clinic Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM)
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Open-Angle
  14. Li Z, Allingham RR, Nakano M, Jia L, Chen Y, Ikeda Y, et al.
    Hum Mol Genet, 2015 Jul 01;24(13):3880-92.
    PMID: 25861811 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv128
    Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), a major cause of blindness worldwide, is a complex disease with a significant genetic contribution. We performed Exome Array (Illumina) analysis on 3504 POAG cases and 9746 controls with replication of the most significant findings in 9173 POAG cases and 26 780 controls across 18 collections of Asian, African and European descent. Apart from confirming strong evidence of association at CDKN2B-AS1 (rs2157719 [G], odds ratio [OR] = 0.71, P = 2.81 × 10(-33)), we observed one SNP showing significant association to POAG (CDC7-TGFBR3 rs1192415, ORG-allele = 1.13, Pmeta = 1.60 × 10(-8)). This particular SNP has previously been shown to be strongly associated with optic disc area and vertical cup-to-disc ratio, which are regarded as glaucoma-related quantitative traits. Our study now extends this by directly implicating it in POAG disease pathogenesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Open-Angle/genetics*
  15. Agarwal P, Daher AM, Agarwal R
    Mol Vis, 2015;21:612-20.
    PMID: 26019480
    Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucomatous eyes is often due to increased resistance to aqueous outflow. Previous studies have shown that increased extracellular material deposition in outflow pathways leads to increased resistance to aqueous outflow, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β seems to play a role in the deposition of extracellular material. TGF-β2 is the predominant isoform in ocular tissue. Hence, comparison of the aqueous humor TGF-β2 level between patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and controls would provide direct evidence for the role of TGF-β2 in the etiology of OAG. Hence, we performed this meta-analysis to develop an accurate estimate of the changes in aqueous humor TGF-β2 levels among OAG patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Open-Angle/etiology; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/metabolism*
  16. Tan HK, Ahmad Tajuddin LS, Lee MY, Ismail S, Wan-Hitam WH
    PMID: 26065503 DOI: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000058
    PURPOSE: To determine the mean central corneal thickness (CCT) and the relationship between the CCT and visual field progression in primary angle closure (PAC) and primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG).

    DESIGN: A combined cross-sectional and prospective study on PAC and PACG.

    METHODS: A total of 35 eyes were included in the study for each group of normal control, PAC, and PACG patients from eye clinics in Kota Bharu, state of Kelantan, Malaysia, from January 2007 to November 2009. The PAC and PACG patients were divided into thin and thick CCT groups. They were followed up for 12 to 18 months for visual field progression assessment with their mean Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) score.

    RESULTS: The CCT was 516.8 ± 26.0 µm for PAC and 509.7 ± 27.4 µm for PACG. Both were significantly thinner compared with the control group with CCT of 540 ± 27.8 µm (P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant increase in the mean AGIS score after 12.9 ± 1.7 months of follow-up in the thin CCT group for PACG (P = 0.002). However, no significant increase in the mean AGIS score was found for the thick CCT group in PACG and for both thin and thick CCT in PAC.

    CONCLUSIONS: The PAC and PACG had statistically significant thinner CCT compared with the controls. Thin CCT was associated with visual field progression based on the mean AGIS score in PACG.

    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Open-Angle/diagnosis*; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/physiopathology
  17. Md Noh SM, Sheikh Abdul Kadir SH, Bannur ZM, Froemming GA, Abdul Hamid Hasani N, Mohd Nawawi H, et al.
    Exp Eye Res, 2014 Oct;127:236-42.
    PMID: 25139730 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.08.005
    Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (Anti-VEGF) agents have received recent interest as potential anti-fibrotic agents for their concurrent use with trabeculectomy. Preliminary cohort studies have revealed improved bleb morphology following trabeculectomy augmented with ranibizumab. The effects of this humanized monoclonal antibody on human Tenon's fibroblast (HTF), the key player of post trabeculectomy scar formation, are not fully understood. This study was conducted to understand the effects of ranibizumab on extracellular matrix production by HTF. The effect of ranibizumab on HTF proliferation and cell viability was determined using MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazone-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium). Ranibizumab at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 mg/mL were administered for 24, 48 and 72 h in serum and serum free conditions. Supernatants and cell lysates from samples were assessed for collagen type 1 alpha 1 and fibronectin mRNA and protein level using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After 48-h, ranibizumab at 0.5 mg/mL, significantly induced cell death under serum-free culture conditions (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Open-Angle/surgery
  18. Zhao D, Kim MH, Pastor-Barriuso R, Chang Y, Ryu S, Zhang Y, et al.
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2014 Oct;55(10):6244-50.
    PMID: 25183763 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14151
    To examine the longitudinal association between age and intraocular pressure (IOP) in a large sample of Korean men and women.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Open-Angle/diagnosis; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/epidemiology; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/physiopathology*
  19. Din NM, Taylor SR, Isa H, Tomkins-Netzer O, Bar A, Talat L, et al.
    JAMA Ophthalmol, 2014 Jul;132(7):859-65.
    PMID: 24789528 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.404
    IMPORTANCE: Uveitic glaucoma is among the most common causes of irreversible visual loss in uveitis. However, glaucoma detection can be obscured by inflammatory changes.

    OBJECTIVE: To determine whether retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measurement can be used to detect glaucoma in uveitic eyes with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP).

    DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Comparative case series of RNFL measurement using optical coherence tomography performed from May 1, 2010, through October 31, 2012, at a tertiary referral center. We assigned 536 eyes with uveitis (309 patients) in the following groups: normal contralateral eyes with unilateral uveitis (n = 72), normotensive uveitis (Uv-N) (n = 143), raised IOP and normal optic disc and/or visual field (Uv-H) (n = 233), and raised IOP and glaucomatous disc and/or visual field (Uv-G) (n = 88).

    EXPOSURES: Eyes with uveitis and elevated IOP (>21 mm Hg) on at least 2 occasions.

    MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Comparison of RNFL values between groups of eyes and correlation with clinical data; risk factors for raised IOP, glaucoma, and RNFL thinning.

    RESULTS: Mean (SD) global RNFL was thicker in Uv-N (106.4 [21.4] µm) compared with control (96.0 [9.0] µm; P glaucoma and RNFL defect.

    CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Screening for glaucomatous RNFL changes in uveitis must be performed during quiescent periods. Thinning of the inferior quadrant suggests that glaucomatous damage, more than uveitic ocular hypertension, is in fact occurring. Measurement of RNFL may detect signs of damage before disc or visual field changes and therefore identifies a subgroup that should receive more aggressive treatment.

    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Open-Angle/diagnosis
  20. Ramli NM, Sidek S, Rahman FA, Peyman M, Zahari M, Rahmat K, et al.
    Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2014 Jun;252(6):995-1000.
    PMID: 24770532 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-014-2622-6
    PURPOSE: To measure optic nerve (ON) volume using 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to correlate ON volume with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and to determine the viability of MRI as an objective tool in distinguishing glaucoma severity.

    METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 30 severe glaucoma patients, 30 mild glaucoma patients and 30 age-matched controls were recruited. All subjects underwent standard automated perimetry, RNFL analysis and 3 T MRI examinations. Glaucoma patients were classified according to the Hodapp-Anderson-Parish classification. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to correlate ON volume with RNFL, and receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of ON volume in detecting glaucoma severity.

    RESULTS: Optic nerve volume was significantly lower in both the left and right eyes of the severe glaucoma group (168.70 ± 46.28 mm(3); 167.40 ± 45.36 mm(3)) than in the mild glaucoma group (264.03 ± 78.53 mm(3); 264.76 ± 78.88 mm(3)) and the control group (297.80 ± 71.45 mm(3); 296.56 ± 71.02 mm(3)). Moderate correlation was observed between: RNFL thickness and ON volume (r = 0.51, p <0.001), and in mean deviation of visual field and optic nerve volume (r = 0.60, p glaucoma.

    CONCLUSIONS: MRI measured optic nerve volume is a reliable method of assessing glaucomatous damage beyond the optic nerve head. A value of 236 mm(3) and below can be used to define severe glaucoma.

    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Open-Angle/classification; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/diagnosis*
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