Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 131 in total

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  1. Fulltext Fecal parasite risk in the endangered proboscis monkey is higher in an anthropogenically managed forest environment compared to a riparian rain forest in Sabah, Borneo
    Klaus A, Strube C, Röper KM, Radespiel U, Schaarschmidt F, Nathan S, et al.
    PLoS One, 2018;13(4):e0195584.
    PMID: 29630671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195584
    Understanding determinants shaping infection risk of endangered wildlife is a major topic in conservation medicine. The proboscis monkey, Nasalis larvatus, an endemic primate flagship species for conservation in Borneo, is endangered through habitat loss, but can still be found in riparian lowland and mangrove forests, and in some protected areas. To assess socioecological and anthropogenic influence on intestinal helminth infections in N. larvatus, 724 fecal samples of harem and bachelor groups, varying in size and the number of juveniles, were collected between June and October 2012 from two study sites in Malaysian Borneo: 634 samples were obtained from groups inhabiting the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary (LKWS), 90 samples were collected from groups of the Labuk Bay Proboscis Monkey Sanctuary (LBPMS), where monkeys are fed on stationary feeding platforms. Parasite risk was quantified by intestinal helminth prevalence, host parasite species richness (PSR), and eggs per gram feces (epg). Generalized linear mixed effect models were applied to explore whether study site, group type, group size, the number of juveniles per group, and sampling month predict parasite risk. At the LBPMS, prevalence and epg of Trichuris spp., strongylids, and Strongyloides spp. but not Ascaris spp., as well as host PSR were significantly elevated. Only for Strongyloides spp., prevalence showed significant changes between months; at both sites, the beginning rainy season with increased precipitation was linked to higher prevalence, suggesting the external life cycle of Strongyloides spp. to benefit from humidity. Higher prevalence, epgs, and PSR within the LBPMS suggest that anthropogenic factors shape host infection risk more than socioecological factors, most likely via higher re-infection rates and chronic stress. Noninvasive measurement of fecal parasite stages is an important tool for assessing transmission dynamics and infection risks for endangered tropical wildlife. Findings will contribute to healthcare management in nature and in anthropogenically managed environments.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/parasitology; Helminthiasis/transmission
  2. Fulltext A survey of parasitic infection on small ruminant farms in Kinta and Hilir Perak districts, Perak, Malaysia
    Chandrawathani P, Nurulaini R, Adnan M, Premalaatha B, Khadijah S, Jamnah O, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2009 Apr;26(1):11-5.
    PMID: 19696722 MyJurnal
    This paper reports the occurrence of helminth and protozoan infections on small ruminants from eight farms situated in Kinta and Perak Tengah district, Perak. The results of this survey indicate that helminthiasis and coccidiosis is rampant in sheep and goat farms. Several anthelmintics have been used for the control of helminths. The smallholders depended on health and extention services from the State Veterinary Department. This survey is part of an ongoing programme by the Department of Veterinary Services to upgrade services and report the current status of parasitic diseases in the state.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis, Animal/diagnosis; Helminthiasis, Animal/epidemiology*; Helminthiasis, Animal/parasitology
  3. Fulltext The prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminthiasis among pre-school children in Orang Asli resettlement villages in Kelantan
    Zulkifli A, Khairul AA, Atiya AS, Abdullah B, Yano A
    Med J Malaysia, 1999 Dec;54(4):453-8.
    PMID: 11072462
    A study of the prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminthiasis among pre-school children aged 0 to 7 years from an Orang Asli village resettlement scheme in Gua Musang, Kelantan was undertaken. The overall prevalence of soil transmitted helminthic (STH) infections was 56.0%. The predominant helminth found was Ascaris lumbricoides while the commonest type of infection was a mixed infection with Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura. The prevalence rates of Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm infections were 47.5%, 33.9% and 6.2% respectively. The intensity of Ascaris infections were 64.5% light, 27.3% moderate and 8.3% heavy whilst the intensity of Trichuris infections were 80.5% light, 18.3% moderate and 1.2% heavy. However, the intensity of hookworm infections were 86.7% light, 13.3% moderate and no heavy infection. The prevalence of helminthiasis (STH) shows an-age dependent relationship, with the lowest prevalence in 0-< 1 year age group and highest in the 6-< 7 year age group.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/epidemiology*; Helminthiasis/transmission*
  4. Some notes on a hookworm and roundworm survey
    Wolfe EDB
    Malayan Medical Journal, 1936;11:224-5.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis
  5. Common diseases of children as seen in the general hospital, Singapore
    Williams CD
    Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1938;2:113-23.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis
  6. Ascaris lumbricoides in the Singapore garrison
    Walker JHC
    Malayan Medical Journal, 1927;2:148-50.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis
  7. Intestinal helminthiasis and abdominal symptoms in adults
    Mahendra Raj S, Sivakumaran S, Vijayakumari S
    Trop Gastroenterol, 1991 Jan-Mar;12(1):21-4.
    PMID: 2058006
    In a study to test the association between soil transmitted intestinal helminthiasis and abdominal symptoms in a non-paediatric age group, 242 randomly selected patients (137 males, 105 females, median age 45 years) were asked specific questions pertaining to abdominal symptoms at the time of admission to the adult medical wards. Stool examination on all patients revealed a round worm prevalence rate of 21%. A larger proportion of stool positive female patients were symptomatic than stool negative females (68% vs 30%, p = 0.04). There was no significant difference in symptoms between stool positive and stool negative male patients (34.6% vs 31%, p = 0.91). The results suggested an association between intestinal nematode infection and abdominal symptoms in females but not in males.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/complications; Helminthiasis/parasitology*
  8. 100 Questions in Livestock Helminthology Research
    Morgan ER, Aziz NA, Blanchard A, Charlier J, Charvet C, Claerebout E, et al.
    Trends Parasitol, 2019 01;35(1):52-71.
    PMID: 30477758 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.10.006
    An elicitation exercise was conducted to collect and identify pressing questions concerning the study of helminths in livestock, to help guide research priorities. Questions were invited from the research community in an inclusive way. Of 385 questions submitted, 100 were chosen by online vote, with priority given to open questions in important areas that are specific enough to permit investigation within a focused project or programme of research. The final list of questions was divided into ten themes. We present the questions and set them briefly in the context of the current state of knowledge. Although subjective, the results provide a snapshot of current concerns and perceived priorities in the field of livestock helminthology, and we hope that they will stimulate ongoing or new research efforts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis, Animal/drug therapy; Helminthiasis, Animal/parasitology*
  9. Fulltext Does vitamin A supplementation protect schoolchildren from acquiring soil-transmitted helminthiasis? A randomized controlled trial
    Al-Mekhlafi HM, Anuar TS, Al-Zabedi EM, Al-Maktari MT, Mahdy MA, Ahmed A, et al.
    Parasit Vectors, 2014;7:367.
    PMID: 25127885 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-367
    Despite the intensive global efforts to control intestinal parasitic infections, the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections is still very high in many developing countries particularly among children in rural areas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/drug therapy*; Helminthiasis/epidemiology; Helminthiasis/prevention & control*
  10. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis: a critical but neglected factor influencing school participation of Aboriginal children in rural Malaysia
    Ahmed A, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Azam MN, Ithoi I, Al-Adhroey AH, Abdulsalam AM, et al.
    Parasitology, 2012 May;139(6):802-8.
    PMID: 22310239 DOI: 10.1017/S003118201100237X
    Soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH), among the most common neglected tropical diseases, is a major public health problem in Malaysia with a possible impact on the nutritional status and school participation of rural children. This study was carried out among Aboriginal schoolchildren, living in an endemic area for STH in Malaysia, to determine the possible relationship between intestinal helminthiasis and school absenteeism. We also evaluated whether successful treatment of the infection will affect school attendance among the subjects. Stool analysis revealed that more than 90% of the subjects were infected with at least 1 helminth species, with Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infections being most prevalent. Infection of moderate-to-heavy worm burdens, low level of fathers' education and anaemia were identified as the significant predictors of high absenteeism among the subjects (P<0·05). Following treatment of the infected children, it was found that school absenteeism was reduced significantly (P<0·01). In conclusion, STH continues to have significant impacts on public health, particularly in rural communities with a negatively significant effect on the school participation of Aboriginal children. A school-based de-worming programme should be introduced and incorporated in the current educational assistance targeted towards the Aboriginal communities, under the auspices of the government.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/epidemiology*; Helminthiasis/parasitology; Helminthiasis/prevention & control; Helminthiasis/transmission
  11. Fulltext The nutritional impacts of soil-transmitted helminths infections among Orang Asli schoolchildren in rural Malaysia
    Ahmed A, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Al-Adhroey AH, Ithoi I, Abdulsalam AM, Surin J
    Parasit Vectors, 2012;5:119.
    PMID: 22704549 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-119
    Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) infections, anaemia and malnutrition are major public health problems in school-age children in developing countries. This study was conducted on 289 Orang Asli (aboriginal) schoolchildren in order to assess the current prevalence and predictors of anaemia and malnutrition, as well as the nutritional impacts of STH infections among these children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/complications; Helminthiasis/parasitology*
  12. Epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminthiases in Malaysia
    Ahmed A, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Surin J
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2011 May;42(3):527-38.
    PMID: 21706930
    We reviewed the epidemiology of STH in Malaysia from the 1970s to 2009. High prevalence rates persist among the rural Aborigines, estate workers and in urban slums and squatter areas. Trichuris trichiura is the most prevalent helminth in Malaysia ranging from 2.1% to 98.2%. Ascaris lumbricoides follows closely with a prevalence rate of 4.6-86.7%, while hookworm is the least prevalent (0-37.0%). A countrywide control program with special emphasis on school-based intervention is highly recommended among aboriginal people.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/epidemiology*; Helminthiasis/prevention & control; Helminthiasis/transmission*
  13. Fulltext The burden of moderate-to-heavy soil-transmitted helminth infections among rural malaysian aborigines: an urgent need for an integrated control programme
    Ahmed A, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Choy SH, Ithoi I, Al-Adhroey AH, Abdulsalam AM, et al.
    Parasit Vectors, 2011;4:242.
    PMID: 22208559 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-242
    Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections, among the most common neglected tropical diseases, continue to be a major threat to the health and socioeconomic wellbeing of infected people especially children in developing countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/epidemiology*; Helminthiasis/parasitology; Helminthiasis/transmission
  14. An unceasing problem: soil-transmitted helminthiases in rural Malaysian communities
    Al-Mekhlafi MS, Atiya AS, Lim YA, Mahdy AK, Ariffin WA, Abdullah HC, et al.
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2007 Nov;38(6):998-1007.
    PMID: 18613540
    Despite great development in socioeconomic status throughout 50 years of independence, Malaysia is still plagued with soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH). STH continue to have a significant impact on public health particularly in rural communities. In order to determine the prevalence of STH among rural Orang Asli children and to investigate the possible risk factors affecting the pattern of this prevalence, fecal samples were collected from 292 Orang Asli primary schoolchildren (145 males and 147 females) age 7-12 years, from Pos Betau, Kuala Lipis, Pahang. The samples were examined by Kato-Katz and Harada Mori techniques. Socioeconomic data were collected using pre-tested questionnaires. The overall prevalence of ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm infections were 67.8, 95.5 and 13.4%, respectively. Twenty-nine point eight percent of the children had heavy trichuriasis, while 22.3% had heavy ascariasis. Sixty-seven point seven percent of the children had mixed infections. Age > 10 years (p = 0.016), no toilet in the house (p = 0.012), working mother (p = 0.040), low household income (p = 0.033), and large family size (p = 0.028) were identified as risk factors for ascariasis. Logistic regression confirmed low income, no toilet in the house and working mother as significant risk factors for ascariasis. The prevalence of STH is still very high in rural Malaysian communities. STH may also contribute to other health problems such as micronutrient deficiencies, protein-energy malnutrition and poor educational achievement. Public health personnel need to reassess current control measures and identify innovative and integrated ways in order to reduce STH significantly in rural communities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/epidemiology; Helminthiasis/transmission*
  15. Helminth parasites from the Old World leaf monkey Presbytis from West Malaysia
    Palmieri JR, Krishnasamy M, Sullivan JT
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1977 Sep;8(3):409.
    PMID: 415371
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis, Animal*
  16. Notes on two interesting cases
    Sivasambandan R
    Malayan Medical Journal, 1928;3:64.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis
  17. Multiple abscesses in the liver secondary to ascaris infection
    Sivasambandan R
    Malayan Medical Journal, 1928;3:101-4.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis
  18. Intestinal protozoan and helminth infections and control of soil-transmitted helminths in Malay school children
    Sinniah B
    Public Health, 1984 May;98(3):152-6.
    PMID: 6739708
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/drug therapy; Helminthiasis/epidemiology*
  19. Prevalence, treatment and reinfection of intestinal helminths among schoolchildren in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Sinniah B
    Public Health, 1984 Jan;98(1):38-42.
    PMID: 6709819
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/drug therapy; Helminthiasis/etiology; Helminthiasis/epidemiology*
  20. The Morphological and Molecular Description of Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) fusiformis n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) from the Catfish Arius sp. (Ariidae) in the Pacific Ocean off Vietnam, with Notes on Zoogeography
    Amin OM, Chaudhary A, Heckmann RA, Ha NV, Singh HS
    Acta Parasitol, 2019 Dec;64(4):779-796.
    PMID: 31332657 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-019-00102-3
    BACKGROUND: Most (82%) of the 46 recognized species of Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) Verma and Datta, 1929 are known from Asian freshwater fishes. Only three species of Acanthosentis are known from marine or brackish water fishes from India and Pakistan. We have discovered another marine species of Acanthosentis in the Pacific Ocean, off Vietnam.

    PURPOSE: The purpose is to describe the new species morphologically and molecularly and provide new information of its evolutionally relationships with other species of the subgenus.

    METHODS: Standard methods of collection and examination of marine hosts, processing and illustrating of specimens, and taxonomic identification of parasites using the extensive collection of the lead author were used. Specimens were further studied using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and ion sectioning of hooks, SEM analysis, and molecular sequencing. Type specimens were deposited at the Harold W. Manter Lab. collection, Lincoln, Nebraska.

    RESULTS: Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) fusiformis n. sp. is described from the catfish, Arius sp. (Ariidae: Siluriformes) off the Pacific Coast of Vietnam at Bac Lieu in the Gulf of Thailand. The three other marine Indian species include A. (A.) arii Bilqees, 1971 which is also described from a similar catfish, Arius serratus Day off the Karachi coast in the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean. Our new species from Vietnam is distinguished from the other 46 species by a combination of characters including a small fusiform trunk, complete circles of small hollow spines covering the entire trunk, prominent double apical organs often extending posteriorly past posterior hooks, middle and posterior hooks of equal size slightly smaller than anterior hooks, large neck continuous with the outline of the proboscis without distinct separation, big drop-shaped cephalic ganglion, extension of the proboscis receptacle anteriorly past the base of the proboscis up to the insertion point of the posterior hooks, presence of two para-receptacle structures (PRSs), free unattached thick lemnisci, short female reproductive system with filamentous attachment of the distal end of the uterine bell to the ventral body wall, and small narrowly ellipsoid eggs with thickened polar ends. Partial sequences of the 18S and internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of ribosomal RNA were generated and used for phylogenetic analyses to confirm the taxonomic identity of Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) fusiformis n. sp.

    CONCLUSIONS: We describe unique morphological features of A. fusiformis never before known in the subgenus Acanthosentis. The uniqueness of A. fusiformis is further demonstrated by its EDXA fingerprint characterized by high levels of calcium and phosphorous in hooks. The zoogeography of species of Acanthosentis is elucidated in the Indian subcontinent, the Caribbean, China, and Africa. Molecular data have been available only in few species of Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) to date on GenBank database. For 18S, only two sequences from unknown Acanthosentis sp. from India are available, while for the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region, only sequences of A. cheni from China and of two unidentified species from Malaysia are available. Additional studies of species of Acanthosentis based on morphological and molecular genetic data will be needed to reconstruct the evolutionary history and phylogenetic affinities of this group of acanthocephalans.

    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis, Animal/parasitology*
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