Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 267 in total

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  1. Latif IK, Karim AJ, Zuki AB, Zamri-Saad M, Niu JP, Noordin MM
    Poult Sci, 2010 Jul;89(7):1379-88.
    PMID: 20548065 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00622
    Aftermath in several air pollution episodes with high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons did not significantly affect health and performance of broilers despite its renowned sensitivity to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The aim of the study was to elucidate the previous lack of response in birds exposed to such severe episodes of air pollution. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was used to simulate the influence of air pollution on hematology, selected organ function, and oxidative stress in broilers. One-day-old chicks were assigned to 5 equal groups composed of a control group, tricaprylin group, and 3 groups treated with BaP (at 1.5 microg, 150 microg, or 15 mg/kg of BW). The BaP was intratracheally administered to 1-d-old chicks for 5 consecutive days. The hematology, liver and kidney function, P450 activity, and malondialdehyde level especially in the group receiving 15 mg of BaP/kg of BW demonstrated evidence of hemato- and hepatoxicity via BaP-induced oxidative stress. The deleterious effect of exposure to high concentration of BaP in broiler chickens was probably due to the anatomy of this species and the half-life of BaP. Although the effect of BaP may be transient or irreversible, pathogen challenges faced during the period of suppression may prove fatal.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins/analysis
  2. Daneshvar C, Davis TM, Cox-Singh J, Rafa'ee MZ, Zakaria SK, Divis PC, et al.
    Clin Infect Dis, 2009 Sep 15;49(6):852-60.
    PMID: 19635025 DOI: 10.1086/605439
    BACKGROUND: Plasmodium knowlesi is increasingly recognized as a cause of human malaria in Southeast Asia but there are no detailed prospective clinical studies of naturally acquired infections.

    METHODS: In a systematic study of the presentation and course of patients with acute P. knowlesi infection, clinical and laboratory data were collected from previously untreated, nonpregnant adults admitted to the hospital with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed acute malaria at Kapit Hospital (Sarawak, Malaysia) from July 2006 through February 2008.

    RESULTS: Of 152 patients recruited, 107 (70%) had P. knowlesi infection, 24 (16%) had Plasmodium falciparum infection, and 21 (14%) had Plasmodium vivax. Patients with P. knowlesi infection presented with a nonspecific febrile illness, had a baseline median parasitemia value at hospital admission of 1387 parasites/microL (interquartile range, 6-222,570 parasites/microL), and all were thrombocytopenic at hospital admission or on the following day. Most (93.5%) of the patients with P. knowlesi infection had uncomplicated malaria that responded to chloroquine and primaquine treatment. Based on World Health Organization criteria for falciparum malaria, 7 patients with P. knowlesi infection (6.5%) had severe infections at hospital admission. The most frequent complication was respiratory distress, which was present at hospital admission in 4 patients and developed after admission in an additional 3 patients. P. knowlesi parasitemia at hospital admission was an independent determinant of respiratory distress, as were serum creatinine level, serum bilirubin, and platelet count at admission (p < .002 for each). Two patients with knowlesi malaria died, representing a case fatality rate of 1.8% (95% confidence interval, 0.2%-6.6%).

    CONCLUSIONS: Knowlesi malaria causes a wide spectrum of disease. Most cases are uncomplicated and respond promptly to treatment, but approximately 1 in 10 patients develop potentially fatal complications.

    Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins/analysis
  3. Tee ES, Kandiah M, Ali J, Kandiah V, Zahari MR, Kuladevan R, et al.
    Malays J Reprod Health, 1984 Jun;2(1):32-50.
    PMID: 12267519
    The study presents recent data on the prevalence and pattern of nutritional anemia in the Maternity Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. A total of 309 pregnant women in their third trimester, of Malay, Chinese and Indian origin from the lower socio-economic strata were randomly selected for the study. Hematological indices (including Hb, PCV, MCHC, and TRBC), serum iron, transferrin saturation and ferritin, serum folate as well as protein and albumin were determined. Based on Hb and PCV values, 30-40 percent of the women could be considered anemic; approximately 50 percent of them presented with unsatisfactory serum iron, transferrin saturation and ferritin values; 60.9 percent had low serum folate levels; and about 30 percent may be considered to be of poor protein nutriture. Anemia in the study population was seen to be related mostly to iron and to a lesser extent, folate deficiency. Hematological, iron, folate and protein status was observed to be the poorest amongst the Indian women, better in the Malay group and generally the best amongst the Chinese women. Birth records of 169 of these women revealed that all of them had live births. Nearly all the infants were delivered by normal vaginal delivery (NVD) The mean gestational age was 38.6 weeks. One of the infants had a birth weight of <2.0 kg; incidence of low birth weight, <2.5 kg, was 8.3 percent. Although there was a trend of deteriorating hematological, iron and protein status of women from the 0, 1 -3 and >=4 parity groups, these differences were not statlstlcally significant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins*
  4. Blake NM, McDermid EM, Kirk RL, Ong YW, Simons MJ
    Singapore Med J, 1973 Mar;14(1):2-8.
    PMID: 4713017
    Samples from 378 Chinese and 259 Malay blood donors in Singapore have been studied for electrophoretic variants in 13 red cell enzyme systems and for abnormal haemoglobins. Variants were detected in 8 of the enzyme systems, and the frequencies were polymorphic for acid phosphatase, 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase phosphoglucomutase (locus 1) among both Chinese and Malays, and for adenylate kinase also among Malays. Rare variants were detected in the phosphohexose, NADH diaphorase and lactate dehydrogenase systems. A new GPGD phenotype and three new LDH phenotypes have been described. Electrophoretic variants of haemoglobin were more frequent among Malays than among Chinese.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins, Abnormal
  5. Choy YC, Lim WL, Ng SH
    Med J Malaysia, 2007 Oct;62(4):299-302.
    PMID: 18551933 MyJurnal
    The main goal of perioperative transfusion is to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with inadequate delivery of oxygen to the tissues during surgery. In this audit, the primary trigger for transfusion was clinical anaemia assessed by examination of a patient's conjunctiva [40.7%] followed by estimation of blood loss of greater 20% of total blood volume [29.3%]. Haemoglobin estimation in the operation theater was not done in 45.9% of studied patients and only 7.8% patients had transfusion based on this criteria. A common practice is to transfuse blood for hypovolaemia. This was the indication for blood transfusion in 96 patients (7.8%). Inappropriate use of blood in this way has led to wastage of a valuable resource and exposed patients to potential risks of unwanted side effects. Analysis of haemoglobin estimation at recovery room showed 32% of patient with co-morbidities had Hb > 10 gm% while 65% and 29.5% of patients without co-morbidities had Hb > 8 gm% and 10 gm% respectively. This reflects the practice of anaesthetists in maintaining a target of Hb of 10 gm% for both groups of patients while a target of 8 gm% is still relatively safe for patients with good cardiovascular reserves. This has resulted in signifant use of homologous blood which will certainly burden the blood bank and increase the cost of healthcare.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins
  6. Blair GW, Appleton JP, Flaherty K, Doubal F, Sprigg N, Dooley R, et al.
    EClinicalMedicine, 2019 04 24;11:34-43.
    PMID: 31317131 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.04.001
    Background: Lacunar stroke, a frequent clinical manifestation of small vessel disease (SVD), differs pathologically from other ischaemic stroke subtypes and has no specific long-term secondary prevention. Licenced drugs, isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN) and cilostazol, have relevant actions to prevent SVD progression.

    Methods: We recruited independent patients with clinically confirmed lacunar ischaemic stroke without cognitive impairment to a prospective randomised clinical trial, LACunar Intervention-1 (LACI-1). We randomised patients using a central web-based system, 1:1:1:1 with minimisation, to masked ISMN 25 mg bd, cilostazol 100 mg bd, both ISMN and cilostazol started immediately, or both with start delayed. We escalated doses to target over two weeks, sustained for eight weeks. Primary outcome was the proportion achieving target dose. Secondary outcomes included symptoms, safety (haemorrhage, recurrent vascular events), cognition, haematology, vascular function, and neuroimaging. LACI-1 was powered (80%, alpha 0.05) to detect 35% (90% versus 55%) difference between the proportion reaching target dose on one versus both drugs at 55 patients. Registration ISRCTN12580546.

    Findings: LACI-1 enrolled 57 participants between March 2016 and August 2017: 18 (32%) females, mean age 66 (SD 11, range 40-85) years, onset-randomisation 203 (range 6-920) days. Most achieved full (64%) or over half (87%) dose, with no difference between cilostazol vs ISMN, single vs dual drugs. Headache and palpitations increased initially then declined similarly with dual versus single drugs. There was no between-group difference in BP, pulse-wave velocity, haemoglobin or platelet function, but pulse rate was higher (mean difference, MD, 6.4, 95%CI 1.2-11.7, p = 0.02), platelet count higher (MD 35.7, 95%CI 2.8, 68.7, p = 0.03) and white matter hyperintensities reduced more (Chi-square p = 0.007) with cilostazol versus no cilostazol.

    Interpretation: Cilostazol and ISMN are well tolerated when the dose is escalated, without safety concerns, in patients with lacunar stroke. Larger trials with longer term follow-up are justified.

    Funding: Alzheimer's Society (AS-PG-14-033).

    Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins
  7. Abdullah MA, Abdullah SM, Kumar SV, Hoque MZ
    Hematol Rep, 2019 Sep 18;11(3):8167.
    PMID: 31579124 DOI: 10.4081/hr.2019.8167
    A 3-year-old male child was presented with worsening abdominal pain, abdominal distension, lethargy, pallor and hepatosplenomegaly. The patient had multiple outpatient visits in the past and was treated with oral antibiotics, oral anthelmintic agents, albeit with minimal benefit. The patient also had non-neutropenic pyrexia spikes and oral ulcers. The patient was an adopted child; hence details about his biological parents' previous history were unclear. Differential diagnosis of Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML), Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML), Gaucher's disease, Thalassemia and discrete pancreatic pathology was considered. Hemoglobin electrophoresis was indicative of thalassemia. Also, molecular detection method by polymerase chain reaction confirms a concurrent infection with Plasmodium knowlesi malaria. The BCR-ABL fusion gene was found to be negative. Correlating with peripheral monocytosis, bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy with blasts only 3-4% and hepatosplenomegaly, a diagnosis of JMML was established. We present a rare phenomenon with an overlap of signs and symptoms between JMML, underlying thalassemia, and Plasmodium knowlesi, posing a diagnostic challenge to physicians.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins
  8. Raja Ezman Faridz Raja Shariff, Sazzli Shahlan Kasim
    MyJurnal
    Thrombolytic therapy remains widely used in majority of developing countries, where delivery
    of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains a challenge. Unfortunately,
    complications following such therapy remains prominent, predominantly bleeding-related
    problems. We present a rare case of massive renal subcapsular haemorrhage and hematoma
    following thrombolytic therapy. A 61-year old gentleman presented following an episode of
    chest pain due to acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Due to potential delays in obtaining
    PCI, the patient was counselled for thrombolysis using streptokinase which he had consented
    to. Unfortunately, within 36 hours of admission, he developed abdominal pain, haematuria,
    hypotension and altered mental status, associated with acute drops in haemoglobin levels.
    Following initial resuscitation efforts, a Computed Tomography scan of the abdomen was
    performed revealing a massive renal subcapsular hematoma, likely secondary to previous
    thrombolysis. Renal subcapsular hematoma can either be spontaneous or iatrogenic, the latter
    often due to coexisting renal-based neoplasm or vasculitidies. Iatrogenic causes include
    trauma, following renal biopsies or anticoagulation therapy amongst a few others. Iatrogenic
    renal subcapsular haemorrhage and hematoma formation are rare following thrombolysis. Our
    literature search revealed only one other similar case, although this was following
    administration of recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator in a case of acute ischaemic
    cerebrovascular accident. This case highlights the complexity in management, following the
    findings in terms of need for cessation of dual antiplatelet therapy and timing for PCI and stent
    selection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins
  9. Chiu CK, Gani SMA, Chung WH, Mihara Y, Hasan MS, Chan CYW, et al.
    Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2020 Aug 15;45(16):1128-1134.
    PMID: 32205708 DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000003484
    STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective propensity score matching study.

    OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether menses affect intraoperative blood loss in female adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion (PSF) surgeries.

    SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: There were concerns whether patients having menses will have higher intraoperative blood loss if surgery were to be done during this period.

    METHODS: This study included 372 females who were operated between May 2016 to May 2019. Fifty-five patients had menses during surgery (Group 1, G1) and 317 patients did not have menses during surgery (Group 2, G2). Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis with one-to-one, nearest neighbor matching technique and with a match tolerance of 0.001 was used. The main outcome measures were intraoperative blood loss (IBL), volume of blood salvaged, transfusion rate, preoperative hemoglobin, preoperative platelet, preoperative prothrombin time, preoperative activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), international normalized ratio (INR), and postoperative hemoglobin. Postoperative Cobb angle and correction rate were also documented.

    RESULTS: At the end of PSM analysis, 46 patients from each group were matched and balanced. The average operation duration for G1 was 140.8 ± 43.0 minutes compared with 143.1 ± 48.3 minutes in G2 (P = 0.806). The intraoperative blood loss for G1 was 904.3 ± 496.3 mL and for G2 was 907.9 ± 482.8 mL (P = 0.972). There was no significant difference in terms of normalized blood loss (NBL), volume of blood salvaged during surgery, preoperative hemoglobin, postoperative hemoglobin, hemoglobin drift, estimated blood volume (EBV), IBL per EBV and IBL per level fused (P > 0.05). No postoperative complications were encountered in both groups. On average, the postoperative hospital stay was 3.5 ± 0.8 days for both groups (P = 0.143).

    CONCLUSION: Performing corrective surgery during the menstrual phase in female AIS patients is safe without risk of increased blood loss.

    LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

    Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins
  10. Ng TP
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1351-1355.
    Dementia poses a major global burden of care to society and health systems in ageing populations. The majority (over 60%) of persons with dementia in the world are found in Asia and developing countries with rapid rates of population ageing. Improving and maintaining the cognitive health of older persons is vital to national strategies for dementia prevention. Increasing numbers of population-based ageing cohort studies in the past decade have provided a better understanding of the factors that contribute to cognitive function and decline in old age. The roles of major demographic, psychosocial, lifestyle, behavioral and cardiovascular risk factors contributing to cognitive health were discussed using examples from the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Studies. They include socio-demographic factors, particularly education and marital status, leisure time activity such as physical activity, social engagement and mental activities, psychological factors such as depression, cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors: obesity, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia, and the metabolic syndrome, under-nutrition, low albumin, low hemoglobin, nutritional factors such as blood folate, B12 and homocysteine, omega-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids, tea drinking and curcumin-rich turmeric in curry meals. These factors are found to be associated variously with cognitive functions (memory and learning, language, visuospatial, attention and information processing speed), rates of cognitive impairment and cognitive decline, or increased risk of developing MCI and progression to dementia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins
  11. Abdul Wahab N, Ahdan R, Ahmad Aufa Z, Kong KW, Johar MH, Shariff Mohd Z, et al.
    J Sci Food Agric, 2015 Oct;95(13):2704-11.
    PMID: 25410129 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7006
    Diverse plants species in the forest remain under-utilised and they are mainly consumed only by local people. However, increasing issues in food security prompted the present study, which explores the nutritional and antioxidant aspects of Malaysian under-utilised vegetables. The studied vegetables were Paku Nyai (Stenochlaena palustris), Cemperai (Champereia manillana), Maman Pasir (Cleome viscose), Dudung (Erechtites valerianifolia) and Semambuk (Ardisia pendula).
    Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins/metabolism
  12. Khoo HE, Azlan A, Ismail A, Abas F, Hamid M
    PLoS One, 2014;9(1):e81447.
    PMID: 24416130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081447
    Canarium odontophyllum, also known as CO, is a highly nutritious fruit. Defatted parts of CO fruit are potent sources of nutraceutical. This study aimed to determine oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation effects of defatted CO pericarp and peel extracts using in vitro bioassays. Cell cytotoxic effect of the CO pericarp and peel extracts were also evaluated using HUVEC and Chang liver cell lines. The crude extracts of defatted CO peel and pericarp showed cytoprotective effects in t-BHP and 40% methanol-induced cell death. The crude extracts also showed no toxic effect to Chang liver cell line. Using CD36 ELISA, NAD(+) and LDL inhibition assays, inhibition of oxidative stress were found higher in the crude extract of defatted CO peel compared to the pericarp extract. Hemoglobin and LDL oxidation assays revealed both crude extracts had significantly reduced lipid peroxidation as compared to control. TBARS values among defatted CO pericarp, peel, and cyanidin-3-glucoside showed no significant differences for hemoglobin and LDL oxidation assays. The protective effects of defatted CO parts, especially its peel is related to the presence of high anthocyanin that potentially offers as a pharmaceutical ingredient for cardioprotection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins/metabolism
  13. Hassan BA, Yusoff ZB, Hassali MA, Othman SB
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2011;12(10):2753-8.
    PMID: 22320987
    INTRODUCTION: Anemia is considered as one of the most frequent hematological demonstration of malignant diseases, which lead to momentous impairment in every tissues and organs of cancer patients and put them under serious stress. This major problem may arise because of the underlining diseases (i.e., cancer diseases) or radiotherapy or chemotherapy treatment received. This present study tries to find the association between anemia onset and severity with different chemotherapeutics regimens used in the treatment of several solid cancers and to find the association of anemia onset and severity with different doses of these chemotherapeutics drugs.

    METHODS: This retrospective observational study was conducted in Penang General Hospital on 534 anemic solid cancer patients who were admitted between 2003 and 2009. The main statistical tests used were Chi-square test and Logistic regression test for categorical data. While for continues data the main statistical tests were Linear regression and correlation test. The significance of the result will be when the P<0.05, while the confidence interval for this study was 95%.

    RESULTS: FEC, 5-FU+5-FU, Docetaxel and Cisplatin+ 5-FU regimen has strong association and correlation with anemia onset and severity. However the associations and correlations with anemia severity were stronger than those with the onset. Different doses of 5-FU, cyclophosphamide, docetaxel and cisplatin play a critical role in anemia onset and severity.

    CONCLUSION: Monitoring and determination of hemoglobin levels for cancer patients treated with FEC, 5-FU+5-FU, Docetaxel, Cisplatin+ 5-FU specifically with high doses must be emphasized and a focus of particular attention.

    Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins/analysis
  14. Foo LH, Khor GL, Tee ES, Dhanaraj P
    Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2004 Sep;55(6):517-25.
    PMID: 15762316
    Iron deficiency anaemia is the most common micronutrient deficiency worldwide. The prevalence of anaemia in the developing countries is three to four times higher than that in the developed countries. The iron status was assessed in 199 apparently healthy male and female adolescents aged 12-19 years living in a fishing community in Sabah, Malaysia. Data on socio-economic characteristics, lifestyles, anthropometry measurements, iron status, and dietary intake were gathered. Dietary intake of energy, iron, and most nutrients (with the exception of protein and vitamin C) were below the recommended levels for Malaysian adolescents. Three-quarters of the iron was derived from plant foods. The mean haemoglobin value for the male was 13.9 +/- 1.3 g/dl with 9.5% having less than 12 g/dl, while the respective figures for the female were 12.4 +/- 1.6 g/dl and 28.6%. The mean serum ferritin concentrations for male and female adolescents were 21.5 and 15.4 microg/l, respectively; with 25.7% of the males and 49.5% of the females having deficient levels of ferritin. Dietary intake of total energy and iron, and gender were found to be independent determinants of serum ferritin and haemoglobin levels, accounting for over 40% of the variations for each of these iron indicators. In males, but not in females, the intake of dietary protein and iron, and physical activity were also found to be significant determinants of serum ferritin. The age of subjects and household size were significant determinants of haemoglobin levels for male subjects, but not for female subjects. The findings indicate the importance of adequate intake of energy and dietary iron for improving the iron status of adolescents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins/analysis
  15. Ng SM, Abdullah WA, Lin HP, Chan LL
    PMID: 10695803
    To study the distribution of presenting features and their prognostic significance in neuroblastoma treated in a single institution in Malaysia. A retrospective study was made of 78 neuroblastoma cases diagnosed and treated in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia between June 1982 and February 1997. Diagnosis was established by standard histological criteria. The presenting features were evaluated for their distribution and prognostic influence. Disease-free survival from diagnosis was the outcome variable of interest. The ages ranged from 0.1 to 11 years old (median: 3 years old). The tumor originated from the adrenal glands in 83% and the majority of cases presented in advanced stage (stage III 22%, stage IV 66%). Bone marrow was the commonest site of distant metastasis occurring in 45% of patients. The main presenting signs and symptoms in decreasing order were pallor, fever, abdominal mass, weight loss, and bone/joint pain. Univariate analysis conferred age, initial stage and Hb level as significant prognostic factors. No influence in disease-free survival was found for sex, race, primary site, urinary vanillylmandelic acid level, white cell count and platelet count. Overall 2-year disease-free survival was achieved in 27 (39%) patients. Four patients underwent bone marrow transplant, three of whom achieved 2-year disease-free survival. The results suggest that age, initial stage and hemoglobin level are significant prognostic factors based on univariate analysis. In addition, more Malaysian children presented with adrenal primary site and advanced disease compared to previous reported studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins/analysis
  16. Looi ML, Mohd Dali AZ, Md Ali SA, Wan Ngah WZ, Mohd Yusof YA
    Eur J Cancer Prev, 2008 Nov;17(6):555-60.
    PMID: 18941377 DOI: 10.1097/CEJ.0b013e328305a10b
    Free radicals that induced lipid peroxidation and DNA damage have been implicated in many diseases including cancer. Cellular antioxidant defense plays an important role in neoplastic disease to counteract oxidative damage. This study aims to investigate the status of oxidative damage by measuring plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level and urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and the level of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix. Urinary 8-OHdG was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. MDA and antioxidant enzyme activities were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry, respectively. Eighty patients with CIN and SCC of the cervix were recruited and compared with normal controls. Urinary 8-OHdG/creatinine ratio did not show any significant changes in any disease status studied as compared with controls (P=0.803). Plasma MDA was found to be increased in CIN and SCC patients when compared with controls (P=0.002). Glutathione peroxidase activity was increased (P=0.0001) whereas superoxide dismutase and catalase activity was decreased (P=0.019 and 0.0001, respectively) in both CIN and SCC patients when compared with controls. Urinary 8-OHdG may not be a good marker for enhanced oxidative stress in cervical cancer. Oxidative damage as demonstrated by the level of MDA is markedly increased in CIN and SCC patients with changes of enzymatic antioxidants observed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins/analysis
  17. Choudhury H, Gorain B, Tekade RK, Pandey M, Karmakar S, Pal TK
    Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 2017 Dec;91:179-189.
    PMID: 29080846 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.10.023
    Oral paclitaxel (PTXL) formulations freed from cremophor® EL (CrEL) is always in utmost demand by the cancerous patients due to toxicities associated with the currently marketed formulation. In our previous investigation [Int. J. Pharm. 2014; 460:131], we have developed an oral oil based nanocarrier for the lipophilic drug, PTXL to target bioavailability issue and patient compliance. Here, we report in vivo antitumor activity and 28-day sub-chronic toxicity of the developed PTXL nanoemulsion. It was observed that the apoptotic potential of oral PTXL nanoemulsion significantly inhibited the growth of solid tumor (59.2 ± 7.17%; p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins/metabolism
  18. Barber BE, Grigg MJ, Piera KA, William T, Cooper DJ, Plewes K, et al.
    Emerg Microbes Infect, 2018 Jun 06;7(1):106.
    PMID: 29872039 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0105-2
    Plasmodium knowlesi occurs throughout Southeast Asia, and is the most common cause of human malaria in Malaysia. Severe disease in humans is characterised by high parasite biomass, reduced red blood cell deformability, endothelial activation and microvascular dysfunction. However, the roles of intravascular haemolysis and nitric oxide (NO)-dependent endothelial dysfunction, important features of severe falciparum malaria, have not been evaluated, nor their role in acute kidney injury (AKI). In hospitalised Malaysian adults with severe (n = 48) and non-severe (n = 154) knowlesi malaria, and in healthy controls (n = 50), we measured cell-free haemoglobin (CFHb) and assessed associations with the endothelial Weibel-Palade body (WPB) constituents, angiopoietin-2 and osteoprotegerin, endothelial and microvascular function, and other markers of disease severity. CFHb was increased in knowlesi malaria in proportion to disease severity, and to a greater extent than previously reported in severe falciparum malaria patients from the same study cohort. In knowlesi malaria, CFHb was associated with parasitaemia, and independently associated with angiopoietin-2 and osteoprotegerin. As with angiopoietin-2, osteoprotegerin was increased in proportion to disease severity, and independently associated with severity markers including creatinine, lactate, interleukin-6, endothelial cell adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and E-selectin, and impaired microvascular reactivity. Osteoprotegerin was also independently associated with NO-dependent endothelial dysfunction. AKI was found in 88% of those with severe knowlesi malaria. Angiopoietin-2 and osteoprotegerin were both independent risk factors for acute kidney injury. Our findings suggest that haemolysis-mediated endothelial activation and release of WPB constituents is likely a key contributor to end-organ dysfunction, including AKI, in severe knowlesi malaria.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins/metabolism
  19. Rafique G, Bukhsh A, Gul A, Khiljee S, Ashraf M, Omer MO
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2017 Jan;30(1):11-16.
    PMID: 28603106
    180 million people are affected by chronic Hepatitis C Virus infection globally and more than 50 million in South East Asia. Combination of Interferon and Ribavirin is the current anti-HCV therapy in practice and is associated with certain hematologic adverse effects. In this concurrent observational study the incidence rate of major hematologic adverse effects and efficacy outcomes of Interferon and Ribavirin combination therapy was evaluated in 288 chronic hepatitis C patients at Lahore General Hospital. Levels of Hb, TLC, and Platelets counts were monitored for hematologic adverse effects monitoring, whereas, ALT, AST and bilirubin levels were monitored for efficacy. PCR was done at week 4, 12 &36 for therapeutic success evaluation. A significant reduction in Hb levels (p<0.05) was observed after week 4, 8 and 12 of therapy. Frequency of anemia increased in both genders with body weight <65kg and platelet count <150,000/mm(3). End Treatment Response (ETR) was achieved in 64.5%. Anemia was the major side effect of the combination therapy particularly in the males. Higher ETR was observed in patients who achieved RVR and were <50 years of age.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins/metabolism
  20. Tan WS, Low WY, Ng CJ, Tan WK, Tong SF, Ho C, et al.
    BJU Int, 2013 Jun;111(7):1130-40.
    PMID: 23651425 DOI: 10.1111/bju.12037
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of long-acting i.m. testosterone undecanoate (TU) in Malaysian men with testosterone deficiency (TD).

    PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 120 men, aged 40-70 years, with TD (serum total testosterone [TT] ≤ 12 nmol/L) were randomised to receive either i.m. TU (1000 mg) or placebo. In all, 58 and 56 men in the placebo and treatment arm, respectively, completed the study. Participants were seen six times in the 48-week period and the following data were collected: physical examination results, haemoglobin, haematocrit, TT, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, sex hormone-binding globulin, liver function test, prostate- specific antigen (PSA) and adverse events.

    RESULTS: The mean (sd) age of the participants was 53.4 (7.6) years. A significant increase in serum TT (P < 0.001), PSA (P = 0.010), haematocrit (P < 0.001), haemoglobin (P < 0.001) and total bilirubin (P = 0.001) were seen in the treatment arm over the 48-week period. Two men in the placebo arm and one man in the treatment arm developed myocardial infarction. Common adverse events observed in the treatment arm included itching/swelling/pain at the site of injection, flushing and acne. Overall, TU injections were well tolerated.

    CONCLUSIONS: TU significantly increases serum testosterone in men with TD. PSA, haemoglobin and haematocrit were significantly elevated but were within clinically safe limits. There was no significant adverse reaction that led to the cessation of treatment.

    Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins/metabolism
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