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Ultrastructural changes of cell morphology and viral morphogenesis of two ecotypes of dengue virus infection in human monocytic U-937 cell

Fish-Low CY, Abu Bakar S, Othman F, Chee HY

Trop Biomed, 2018 Dec 01;35(4):1154-1159.
PMID: 33601863

Dengue virus (DENV) is maintained and circulated in both sylvatic/enzootic and endemic/human cycles and spill over infection of sylvatic DENV into human populations has been reported. Extensive deforestation and increase human activities in forest may increase the risk of human exposure to sylvatic dengue infection and this may become a threat to human. Present study investigated the changes in cell morphology and viral morphogenesis upon infection with sylvatic and endemic ecotypes in human monocytic U-937 cells using transmission electron microscopy. Autophagy, a process that is either pro-viral or anti-viral, was observed in U-937 cells of both infections, however only the replication of endemic DENV was evidenced. An insight into the infection responses of sylvatic progenitors of DENV in susceptible host cells may provide better understanding on dengue emergence in human populations.

Matched MeSH terms: Human Activities
The need of industrial and organizational psychologist in Malaysia

Shukran Abdul Rahman

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2004;1(2):64-73.
MyJurnal

Psychology has been well-accepted for application in virtually all aspects of human activities, including making a living. Thus, the objective of this paper is to introduce the application of psychology at workplaces. Specifically this paper addresses the importance of the profession of Industrial and Organizational Psychologist in the increasingly advanced and industrious society of Malaysia. It highlights the areas that the professional cares for, as well as its roles and positions in the view of the nation’s needs. Besides that, this paper also stresses the essential issues that Industrial and Organizational Psychologist practicing in Malaysia should consider. In short, this paper advocates the need of having professionals to look into the well-being of individuals contributing towards making Malaysia a developed nation.

Matched MeSH terms: Human Activities
Fulltext The impact of air pollution and haze on hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases

Norfazillah Ab Manan, Rozita Hod, Hanizah Mohd Yusoff, Mazrura Sahani, Rosnah Ismail, Wan Rozita Wan Mahiyuddin

Int J Public Health Res, 2016;6(1):707-712.
MyJurnal

Air pollution has been widely known to have an influence on health of the general population.
Air pollution can result from natural causes, human activities and transboundary air pollution.
Weather and climate play crucial role in determining the pattern of air quality. In recent years,
air pollution and recurrent episodes of haze has become a major concern in Malaysia.
Surveillance data on concentrations of main air pollutants such as carbon dioxide, (CO2),
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Ozone (O3), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM10)
were found to be higher during the haze days and this may have an impact on health of the
community as reflected by an increase in hospital admissions particularly the respiratory and
cardiovascular diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Human Activities
The Genus Cladophora Kützing (Ulvophyceae) as a Globally Distributed Ecological Engineer

Zulkifly SB, Graham JM, Young EB, Mayer RJ, Piotrowski MJ, Smith I, et al.

J Phycol, 2013 Feb;49(1):1-17.
PMID: 27008383 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12025

The green algal genus Cladophora forms conspicuous nearshore populations in marine and freshwaters worldwide, commonly dominating peri-phyton communities. As the result of human activities, including the nutrient pollution of nearshore waters, Cladophora-dominated periphyton can form nuisance blooms. On the other hand, Cladophora has ecological functions that are beneficial, but less well appreciated. For example, Cladophora has previously been characterized as an ecological engineer because its complex structure fosters functional and taxonomic diversity of benthic microfauna. Here, we review classic and recent literature concerning taxonomy, cell biology, morphology, reproductive biology, and ecology of the genus Cladophora, to examine how this alga functions to modify habitats and influence littoral biogeochemistry. We review the evidence that Cladophora supports large, diverse populations of microalgal and bacterial epiphytes that influence the cycling of carbon and other key elements, and that the high production of cellulose and hydrocarbons by Cladophora-dominated periphyton has the potential for diverse technological applications, including wastewater remediation coupled to renewable biofuel production. We postulate that well-known aspects of Cladophora morphology, hydrodynamically stable and perennial holdfasts, distinctively branched architecture, unusually large cell and sporangial size and robust cell wall construction, are major factors contributing to the multiple roles of this organism as an ecological engineer.

Matched MeSH terms: Human Activities
The 'human revolution' in lowland tropical Southeast Asia: the antiquity and behavior of anatomically modern humans at Niah Cave (Sarawak, Borneo)

Barker G, Barton H, Bird M, Daly P, Datan I, Dykes A, et al.

J Hum Evol, 2007 Mar;52(3):243-61.
PMID: 17161859

Recent research in Europe, Africa, and Southeast Asia suggests that we can no longer assume a direct and exclusive link between anatomically modern humans and behavioral modernity (the 'human revolution'), and assume that the presence of either one implies the presence of the other: discussions of the emergence of cultural complexity have to proceed with greater scrutiny of the evidence on a site-by-site basis to establish secure associations between the archaeology present there and the hominins who created it. This paper presents one such case study: Niah Cave in Sarawak on the island of Borneo, famous for the discovery in 1958 in the West Mouth of the Great Cave of a modern human skull, the 'Deep Skull,' controversially associated with radiocarbon dates of ca. 40,000 years before the present. A new chronostratigraphy has been developed through a re-investigation of the lithostratigraphy left by the earlier excavations, AMS-dating using three different comparative pre-treatments including ABOX of charcoal, and U-series using the Diffusion-Absorption model applied to fragments of bones from the Deep Skull itself. Stratigraphic reasons for earlier uncertainties about the antiquity of the skull are examined, and it is shown not to be an 'intrusive' artifact. It was probably excavated from fluvial-pond-desiccation deposits that accumulated episodically in a shallow basin immediately behind the cave entrance lip, in a climate that ranged from times of comparative aridity with complete desiccation, to episodes of greater surface wetness, changes attributed to regional climatic fluctuations. Vegetation outside the cave varied significantly over time, including wet lowland forest, montane forest, savannah, and grassland. The new dates and the lithostratigraphy relate the Deep Skull to evidence of episodes of human activity that range in date from ca. 46,000 to ca. 34,000 years ago. Initial investigations of sediment scorching, pollen, palynomorphs, phytoliths, plant macrofossils, and starch grains recovered from existing exposures, and of vertebrates from the current and the earlier excavations, suggest that human foraging during these times was marked by habitat-tailored hunting technologies, the collection and processing of toxic plants for consumption, and, perhaps, the use of fire at some forest-edges. The Niah evidence demonstrates the sophisticated nature of the subsistence behavior developed by modern humans to exploit the tropical environments that they encountered in Southeast Asia, including rainforest.

Matched MeSH terms: Human Activities
Fulltext THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ADSORBENT DERIVED FROM MORINGA OLEIFERA AS A WATER TREATMENT AGENT

Farasyahida A. Samad, Wan Salida Wan Mansor, idayatul Aini Zakaria

UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2019;1(4):51-60.
MyJurnal

Clean, safe and readily available water is very crucial in everyday life, especially for health, hygiene, and the productivity of the community. Unfortunately, increase in contaminants in water supplies from human activities and industrialization is very worrying. Conventional wastewater treatment includes the usage of alum that will affect health with prolonged consumption. This research was carried out to focus on the development of wastewater treatment system using adsorbent from Moringa oleifera seeds. Adsorbent was successfully synthesized from the seeds of Moringa oleifera. Characterization of the sample was made using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), while the effectiveness of water treatment was analyzed using Turbidity Meter. Then, all samples were tested against kaolin wastewater. XRD results showed that all the adsorbent samples were amorphous in nature. FTIR results indicated that there were hydroxyl group and carboxylic group in the sample representing numerous oxygen-riddled functional groups on the surface. From SEM results, it was clearly shown that the pore structure and size of Moringa oleifera affected the capability of adsorption where the smaller the size, the more effective the sample. Turbidity test showed that the sample that worked best for wastewater treatment was adsorbent from Moringa oleifera seeds in size of 125µm that was heated for 4 hours with 93.76% turbidity removal. Therefore, this study proved that the adsorbent from Moringa oleifera seeds is very suitable for high turbidity wastewater treatment. Further studies investigating the combination of conventional activated carbon with adsorbent from Moringa oleifera seeds should be conducted before these samples are made available for further use so that we can compare which sample works best for wastewater treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Human Activities
Sumatran rhinoceros on the brink of extinction

Lam SS, Ma NL, Peng W, Sonne C

Science, 2020 May 29;368(6494):958.
PMID: 32467384 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc2202
Matched MeSH terms: Human Activities*
Fulltext Robust video content analysis schemes for human action recognition

Aly CA, Abas FS, Ann GH

Sci Prog, 2021;104(2):368504211005480.
PMID: 33913378 DOI: 10.1177/00368504211005480

INTRODUCTION: Action recognition is a challenging time series classification task that has received much attention in the recent past due to its importance in critical applications, such as surveillance, visual behavior study, topic discovery, security, and content retrieval.
OBJECTIVES: The main objective of the research is to develop a robust and high-performance human action recognition techniques. A combination of local and holistic feature extraction methods used through analyzing the most effective features to extract to reach the objective, followed by using simple and high-performance machine learning algorithms.
METHODS: This paper presents three robust action recognition techniques based on a series of image analysis methods to detect activities in different scenes. The general scheme architecture consists of shot boundary detection, shot frame rate re-sampling, and compact feature vector extraction. This process is achieved by emphasizing variations and extracting strong patterns in feature vectors before classification.
RESULTS: The proposed schemes are tested on datasets with cluttered backgrounds, low- or high-resolution videos, different viewpoints, and different camera motion conditions, namely, the Hollywood-2, KTH, UCF11 (YouTube actions), and Weizmann datasets. The proposed schemes resulted in highly accurate video analysis results compared to those of other works based on four widely used datasets. The First, Second, and Third Schemes provides recognition accuracies of 57.8%, 73.6%, and 52.0% on Hollywood2, 94.5%, 97.0%, and 59.3% on KTH, 94.5%, 95.6%, and 94.2% on UCF11, and 98.9%, 97.8% and 100% on Weizmann.
CONCLUSION: Each of the proposed schemes provides high recognition accuracy compared to other state-of-art methods. Especially, the Second Scheme as it gives excellent comparable results to other benchmarked approaches.

Matched MeSH terms: Human Activities*
River and fish pollution in Malaysia: A green ergonomics perspective

Poon WC, Herath G, Sarker A, Masuda T, Kada R

Appl Ergon, 2016 Feb 21.
PMID: 26911247 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.02.009

Human activities, such as industrial, agricultural, and domestic pursuits, discharge effluents into riverine ecological systems that contains aquatic resources, such as fish, which are also used by humans. We conducted case studies in Malaysia to investigate the impacts of these human activities on water and fish resources, as well as on human well-being from an ergonomics perspective. This research shows that a green ergonomics approach can provide us with useful insights into sustainable relationships between humans and ecology in facilitating human well-being in consideration of the overall performance of the social-ecological system. Heavy metal concentrations contained in the effluents pollute river water and contaminate fish, eventually creating significant health risks and economic costs for residents, including the polluters. The study suggests a number of policy interventions to change human behavior and achieve greater collaboration between various levels of government, academia, civil society, and businesses to help establish sustainable relationships between humans and ecology in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Human Activities
Review of chitosan composite as a heavy metal adsorbent: Material preparation and properties

Begum S, Yuhana NY, Md Saleh N, Kamarudin NHN, Sulong AB

Carbohydr Polym, 2021 May 01;259:117613.
PMID: 33673980 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117613

A large amount of wastewater is typically discharged into water bodies and has extremely harmful effects to aquatic environments. The removal of heavy metals from water bodies is necessary for the safe consumption of water and human activities. The demand for seafood has considerably increased, and millions of tons of crustacean waste are discarded every year. These waste products are rich in a natural biopolymer known as chitin. The deacetylated form of chitin, chitosan, has attracted attention as an adsorbent. It is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer that can be modified and converted to various derivatives. This review paper focuses on relevant literature on strategies for chemically modifying the biopolymer and its use in the removal of heavy metals from water and wastewater. The different aspects of chitosan-based derivatives and their preparation and application are elucidated. A list of chitosan-based composites, along with their adsorptivity and experimental conditions, are compiled.

Matched MeSH terms: Human Activities
Fulltext Phylogenetic Relatedness of Several Agarwood-Producing Taxa (Thymelaeaceae) from Indonesia

Lee SY, Turjaman M, Mohamed R

Trop Life Sci Res, 2018 Jul;29(2):13-28.
PMID: 30112138 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2018.29.2.2

Indonesia is home to several tree taxa that are harvested for agarwood. This highly valuable oleoresin ironically was the cause for some species to become vulnerable due to gluttonous human activity. However, information on the genetic diversity of these endangered trees is limited. In this study, 28 specimens representing eight species from two genera, Aquilaria and Gyrinops, were collected from ex-situ and in-situ populations in Indonesia. Phylogenetic analysis conducted on DNA sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer regions, revealed that Aquilaria and Gyrinops are paraphyletic when Aquilaria cumingiana is excluded. The phylogenetic analysis for ITS and trnL-trnF showed capability to categorise agarwood-producing species based on their regions: East Indonesia and West Indonesia, using Wallace's Line as the divider. In addition, we discuss challenges in species identification and taxonomy of agarwood-producing genera, and their conservation efforts in Indonesia.

Matched MeSH terms: Human Activities
Pervasive human-driven decline of life on Earth points to the need for transformative change

Díaz S, Settele J, Brondízio ES, Ngo HT, Agard J, Arneth A, et al.

Science, 2019 12 13;366(6471).
PMID: 31831642 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax3100

The human impact on life on Earth has increased sharply since the 1970s, driven by the demands of a growing population with rising average per capita income. Nature is currently supplying more materials than ever before, but this has come at the high cost of unprecedented global declines in the extent and integrity of ecosystems, distinctness of local ecological communities, abundance and number of wild species, and the number of local domesticated varieties. Such changes reduce vital benefits that people receive from nature and threaten the quality of life of future generations. Both the benefits of an expanding economy and the costs of reducing nature's benefits are unequally distributed. The fabric of life on which we all depend-nature and its contributions to people-is unravelling rapidly. Despite the severity of the threats and lack of enough progress in tackling them to date, opportunities exist to change future trajectories through transformative action. Such action must begin immediately, however, and address the root economic, social, and technological causes of nature's deterioration.

Matched MeSH terms: Human Activities/trends*
Fulltext Orangutans venture out of the rainforest and into the Anthropocene

Spehar SN, Sheil D, Harrison T, Louys J, Ancrenaz M, Marshall AJ, et al.

Sci Adv, 2018 06;4(6):e1701422.
PMID: 29963619 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701422

Conservation benefits from understanding how adaptability and threat interact to determine a taxon's vulnerability. Recognizing how interactions with humans have shaped taxa such as the critically endangered orangutan (Pongo spp.) offers insights into this relationship. Orangutans are viewed as icons of wild nature, and most efforts to prevent their extinction have focused on protecting minimally disturbed habitat, with limited success. We synthesize fossil, archeological, genetic, and behavioral evidence to demonstrate that at least 70,000 years of human influence have shaped orangutan distribution, abundance, and ecology and will likely continue to do so in the future. Our findings indicate that orangutans are vulnerable to hunting but appear flexible in response to some other human activities. This highlights the need for a multifaceted, landscape-level approach to orangutan conservation that leverages sound policy and cooperation among government, private sector, and community stakeholders to prevent hunting, mitigate human-orangutan conflict, and preserve and reconnect remaining natural forests. Broad cooperation can be encouraged through incentives and strategies that focus on the common interests and concerns of different stakeholders. Orangutans provide an illustrative example of how acknowledging the long and pervasive influence of humans can improve strategies to preserve biodiversity in the Anthropocene.

Matched MeSH terms: Human Activities
Fulltext Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions

Delavaux CS, Crowther TW, Zohner CM, Robmann NM, Lauber T, van den Hoogen J, et al.

Nature, 2023 Sep;621(7980):773-781.
PMID: 37612513 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06440-7

Determining the drivers of non-native plant invasions is critical for managing native ecosystems and limiting the spread of invasive species1,2. Tree invasions in particular have been relatively overlooked, even though they have the potential to transform ecosystems and economies3,4. Here, leveraging global tree databases5-7, we explore how the phylogenetic and functional diversity of native tree communities, human pressure and the environment influence the establishment of non-native tree species and the subsequent invasion severity. We find that anthropogenic factors are key to predicting whether a location is invaded, but that invasion severity is underpinned by native diversity, with higher diversity predicting lower invasion severity. Temperature and precipitation emerge as strong predictors of invasion strategy, with non-native species invading successfully when they are similar to the native community in cold or dry extremes. Yet, despite the influence of these ecological forces in determining invasion strategy, we find evidence that these patterns can be obscured by human activity, with lower ecological signal in areas with higher proximity to shipping ports. Our global perspective of non-native tree invasion highlights that human drivers influence non-native tree presence, and that native phylogenetic and functional diversity have a critical role in the establishment and spread of subsequent invasions.

Matched MeSH terms: Human Activities
Fulltext Multi-View Human Action Recognition Using Skeleton Based-FineKNN with Extraneous Frame Scrapping Technique

Malik NUR, Sheikh UU, Abu-Bakar SAR, Channa A

Sensors (Basel), 2023 Mar 02;23(5).
PMID: 36904953 DOI: 10.3390/s23052745

Human action recognition (HAR) is one of the most active research topics in the field of computer vision. Even though this area is well-researched, HAR algorithms such as 3D Convolution Neural Networks (CNN), Two-stream Networks, and CNN-LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) suffer from highly complex models. These algorithms involve a huge number of weights adjustments during the training phase, and as a consequence, require high-end configuration machines for real-time HAR applications. Therefore, this paper presents an extraneous frame scrapping technique that employs 2D skeleton features with a Fine-KNN classifier-based HAR system to overcome the dimensionality problems.To illustrate the efficacy of our proposed method, two contemporary datasets i.e., Multi-Camera Action Dataset (MCAD) and INRIA Xmas Motion Acquisition Sequences (IXMAS) dataset was used in experiment. We used the OpenPose technique to extract the 2D information, The proposed method was compared with CNN-LSTM, and other State of the art methods. Results obtained confirm the potential of our technique. The proposed OpenPose-FineKNN with Extraneous Frame Scrapping Technique achieved an accuracy of 89.75% on MCAD dataset and 90.97% on IXMAS dataset better than existing technique.

Matched MeSH terms: Human Activities
Microplastics in the freshwater and terrestrial environments: Prevalence, fates, impacts and sustainable solutions

Wong JKH, Lee KK, Tang KHD, Yap PS

Sci Total Environ, 2020 Jun 01;719:137512.
PMID: 32229011 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137512

The ubiquitous occurrences of microplastics in the environment have raised much concern and resulted in voluminous studies related to microplastics. Studies on microplastics pollution of the marine environment have received significantly higher attention compared to those of the freshwater and terrestrial environments. With the impetus to better understand microplastics in the freshwater and terrestrial environments, this review elucidates the findings of >100 articles related to the prevalence, fates and impacts of microplastics therein and the sustainable solutions, mostly in the past 10 years. This review shows the interconnection between terrestrial and freshwater microplastics with wastewater and sewage treatment plants as the most significant contributors of environmental microplastics via sludge and effluent discharges. Microplastics in both ecosystems comprise the primary and secondary forms with the latter resulted from weathering of the former. Besides retaining in soil and infiltrating with rainwater underground, terrestrial microplastics also enter the freshwater environment. The environmental microplastics interact with the biotic and abiotic components resulting in entrainment, settlement, biofouling, degradation, fragmentation and entry into the food chain, with subsequent transfer across the food chain. The abundance of environmental microplastics is attributed to population density and urbanization though tidal cycle, storms, floods and human activities can affect their distribution. The leaching of additives from microplastics poses major health concern and sustainable solutions target at reduction of plastics use and disposal, substitution with bioplastics and wastewater treatment innovations. Further studies on classification, detection, characterization and toxicity of microplastics are necessary to permit more effective formulation of solutions.

Matched MeSH terms: Human Activities
Managing cancer using community participatory approach

Khalib Abdul Latiff

Journal of Health Management, 2008;4(1):10-14.
MyJurnal

Researchers all over the world have continuously contributed knowledge on common human cancers and its related risks. Despite these mountains of information, the trend of cancer problems has not significantly declined and perhaps in certain occasion, it gradually increased affecting those who are previously known to be less risky'. Cancer is still identified to be one of the top leading killer worldwide and is also the main source of psychosocial burden of the community particularly to the caregiver' Its problems are expected to be further increased as human beings are constantly modified and manipulated by unpredictable and dynamic human activities and globalization phenomena. Furthermore, the current advances in cancer therapy and others clinical interventions are not always guaranteed of a permanent cure, improve survival or prognosis, sustainable compliances, prolonging life and improving quality of life, thus the mortality and its associated biological and management complications are still prevalence. (Copied from article).

Matched MeSH terms: Human Activities
MSTCN: A multiscale temporal convolutional network for user independent human activity recognition

Raja Sekaran S, Pang YH, Ling GF, Yin OS

F1000Res, 2021;10:1261.
PMID: 36896393 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.73175.1

Background: In recent years, human activity recognition (HAR) has been an active research topic due to its widespread application in various fields such as healthcare, sports, patient monitoring, etc. HAR approaches can be categorised as handcrafted feature methods (HCF) and deep learning methods (DL). HCF involves complex data pre-processing and manual feature extraction in which the models may be exposed to high bias and crucial implicit pattern loss. Hence, DL approaches are introduced due to their exceptional recognition performance. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) extracts spatial features while preserving localisation. However, it hardly captures temporal features. Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) learns temporal features, but it is susceptible to gradient vanishing and suffers from short-term memory problems. Unlike RNN, Long-Short Term Memory network has a relatively longer-term dependency. However, it consumes higher computation and memory because it computes and stores partial results at each level. Methods: This work proposes a novel multiscale temporal convolutional network (MSTCN) based on the Inception model with a temporal convolutional architecture. Unlike HCF methods, MSTCN requires minimal pre-processing and no manual feature engineering. Further, multiple separable convolutions with different-sized kernels are used in MSTCN for multiscale feature extraction. Dilations are applied to each separable convolution to enlarge the receptive fields without increasing the model parameters. Moreover, residual connections are utilised to prevent information loss and gradient vanishing. These features enable MSTCN to possess a longer effective history while maintaining a relatively low in-network computation. Results: The performance of MSTCN is evaluated on UCI and WISDM datasets using a subject independent protocol with no overlapping subjects between the training and testing sets. MSTCN achieves accuracies of 97.42 on UCI and 96.09 on WISDM. Conclusion: The proposed MSTCN dominates the other state-of-the-art methods by acquiring high recognition accuracies without requiring any manual feature engineering.

Matched MeSH terms: Human Activities
Fulltext Luminescent bacterial testing for monitoring hydrocarbon bioremediation – a review

Maryam, Z.

Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2015;3(2):13-20.
MyJurnal

Human activities in a large array of industrial and agricultural sectors produce chemical contaminants which are chiefly hydrocarbons of various types that are potentially toxic and carcinogenic to aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Globally, millions of tons of these pollutants are generated annually, and in some areas, they are released indiscriminately to the environment. In order to overcome this problem, microbiological decontamination or bioremediation has been suggested. Bioremediation has been argued to be an efficient, economic, and adaptable alternative to physicochemical remediation. However, to date, such claims of successful bioremediation are often not supported by evidence from toxicity studies. In this regard, luminescent bacteria have been employed in some hydrocarbon remediation experiments to denote reduction in toxicity. In this review, the utilization of luminescence bacteria as toxicity monitoring agent for hydrocarbon remediation is discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Human Activities
Linking mesohabitat selection and ecological traits of a fish assemblage in a small tropical stream (Tinggi River, Pahang Basin) of the Malay Peninsula

Kano Y, Miyazaki Y, Tomiyama Y, Mitsuyuki C, Nishida S, Rashid ZA

Zoolog Sci, 2013 Mar;30(3):178-84.
PMID: 23480377 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.30.178

Mesohabitat selection in fluvial fishes was studied in a small tropical stream of the Malay Peninsula. A total of 681 individuals representing 24 species were sampled at 45 stations within heterogeneous stream (ca. 1 km in length), in which water depth, water velocity, substrate size, and riparian canopy cover were measured as environmental variables. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) yielded a diagram that shows a specific mesohabitat selection of the fish assemblage, in which the species were plotted widely on the CCA1-CCA2 biplot. Generalized linear model also revealed a significant pattern of the mesohabitat selection of several species. Water velocity and substrate size mainly separated on CCA1, indicating variation of pool (deep, slow-flow section) and riffle (shallow, fast-flow section) structures is a primary factor of mesohabitat selection in the fluvial fish assemblage. The mean body weight of species significantly correlated with CCA1; larger species tended to inhabit pools, while small ones occupied riffles. The riparian canopy cover separated on CCA2. The trophic level of species significantly correlated with CCA2; herbivorous species (low trophic level) selected open sites without riparian cover, whereas omnivorous/carnivorous (middle-high trophic level) species preferred highly covered sites. In conclusion, our results suggest that mesohabitat selection is closely related to the species feeding habit, which is consistent with the results of previous studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Human Activities

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