Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 949 in total

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  1. Newaz MA, Nawal NN, Rohaizan CH, Muslim N, Gapor A
    Am J Hypertens, 1999 Aug;12(8 Pt 1):839-44.
    PMID: 10480480
    Antioxidant protection provided by different doses of alpha-tocopherol was compared by determining nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in blood vessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) treated with alpha-tocopherol. SHR were divided into four groups namely hypertensive control (C), treatment with 17 mg of alpha-tocopherol/kg diet (alpha1), 34 mg of alpha-tocopherol/kg diet (alpha2), and 170 mg of alpha-tocopherol/kg diet (alpha3). Wister Kyoto (WKY) rats were used as normal control (N). Blood pressure were recorded from the tail by physiography every other night for the duration of the study period of 3 months. At the end of the trial, animals were sacrificed. The NOS activity in blood vessels was measured by [3H]arginine radioactive assay and the nitrite concentration in plasma by spectrophotometry at wavelength 554 nm using Greiss reagent. Analysis of data was done using Student's t test and Pearson's correlation. The computer program Statistica was used for all analysis. Results of our study showed that for all the three alpha-tocopherol-treated groups, blood pressure was significantly (P < .001) reduced compared to the hypertensive control and maximum reduction of blood pressure was shown by the dosage of 34 mg of alpha-tocopherol/kg diet (C: 209.56 +/- 8.47 mm Hg; alpha2: 128.83 +/- 17.13 mm Hg). Also, NOS activity in blood vessels of SHR was significantly lower than WKY rats (N: 1.54 +/- 0.26 pmol/mg protein, C: 0.87 +/- 0.23 pmol/mg protein; P < .001). Although alpha-tocopherol in doses of alpha1, alpha2, and alpha3 increased the NOS activity in blood vessels, after treatment only that of alpha2 showed a statistical significance (P < .01). Plasma nitrite concentration was significantly reduced in SHR compared to normal WKY rats (N: 54.62 +/- 2.96 mol/mL, C: 26.24 +/- 2.14 mol/mL; P < .001) and accordingly all three groups showed significant improvement in their respective nitrite level (P < .001). For all groups, NOS activity and nitrite level showed negative correlation with blood pressure. It was significant for NOS activity in hypertensive control (r = -0.735, P = .038), alpha1 (r = -0.833, P = .001), and alpha2 (r = -0.899, P = .000) groups. For plasma nitrite, significant correlation was observed only in group alpha1 (r = -0.673, P = .016) and alpha2 (r = -0.643, P = .024). Only the alpha2 group showed significant positive correlation (r = 0.777, P = .003) between NOS activity and nitrite level. In conclusion it was found that compared to WKY rats, SHR have lower NOS activity in blood vessels, which upon treatment with antioxidant alpha-tocopherol increased the NOS activity and concomitantly reduced the blood pressure. There was correlation of lipid peroxide in blood vessels with NOS and nitric oxide, which implies that free radicals may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension/enzymology*; Hypertension/genetics
  2. Zhou J, Lam BY, Neogi SG, Yeo GS, Teo AE, Maniero C, et al.
    J Hypertens, 2016 Sep;34 Suppl 2:e26.
    PMID: 27508643 DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000491398.48468.bf
    Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common type of secondary hypertension occurring in ∼10% of hypertensive patients. Up to 50% of PA is caused by aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA). We recently performed a microarray assay using 21 pairs of zona glomerulosa (ZG) and zona fasciculata (ZF), and 14 paired APAs. This study is to identify the potential biological processes and canonical pathways involved with aldosterone regulation, APA formation, or APA and ZG cell functions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension
  3. Fadieienko G, Gridniev O
    PMID: 26656546
    The purpose of research - to study the features of circadian profile of blood pressure (BP), the data of echocardiography, pH-monitoring, lipid spectrum, level of apelin and the state of the system "lipid peroxidation-antioxidant protection" in patients with a combination of arterial hypertension (AH) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) depending on the level of AH. It was examined 126 patients with combination of AH II stage, 2-3 degrees, and GERD, 70 (55.56%) men and 56 (44.44%) women, mean age 56.84 ± 1.17. The anthropometric indicators, a condition of "lipid peroxidation- antioxidant protection", the level of apelin, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), echocardiography, esophageal pH-monitoring were evaluated. Analysis of the results was performed using a computer program IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 for Windows XP. According to the daily averages ABPM systolic BP/diastolic BP in the I group were 141.2 ± 0.8/90.4 ± 0.4 mm Hg., in II group - 163.3 ± 0.9/101.0 ± 0.5 mm Hg., in III group - 185.6 ± 0.8/112.1 ± 0.5 mm Hg., p = 0.001. There are only 25.39% of patients had normal indicators of the variability of BP among individuals with comorbidity. Transformation from mild AH to moderate was accompanied by a significant increase in the severity of left ventricular remodeling by type of concentric hypertrophy. The data of esophageal pH-monitoring allow us to classify the disorders as severe gastroesophageal reflux in patients with a combination of AH and GERD (DeMeester, 1993). In the group with first degree of AH the average rate of circulating apelin was 930.58 ± 56.27 pg/mL, for the patients with 2nd degree of AH - 880.56 ± 17.97 pg/ml, p>0.05, in patients with third degree of AH - 650.91 ± 12.87 pg/ml (p = 0.001). Assessment of lipid profile has allowed to establish the worse dyslipidemia in patients with 3rd degree of AH combined with GERD (atherogenic ratio - 3.11 ± 0.09). The deterioration of degree of AH combined with GERD accompanied by an increase of oxidative stress with increase of nitrites plasma and malondialdehyde concentration, and decrease of glutathione peroxidase and of SH-groups concentration. Increased degree of AH in patients with severe GERD accompanied by worsening of left ventricular remodeling, reduction of apelin levels, progression of dyslipidemia, and imbalances in the system of "lipid peroxidation-antioxidant protection."
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension/blood; Hypertension/complications; Hypertension/diagnosis; Hypertension/physiopathology*
  4. Norsa'adah B
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Dec;59(5):692; author reply 693-5.
    PMID: 15889579
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension/etiology; Hypertension/epidemiology*
  5. Rajadurai J, Lopez EA, Rahajoe AU, Goh PP, Uboldejpracharak Y, Zambahari R
    Nat Rev Cardiol, 2012 Aug;9(8):464-77.
    PMID: 22525668 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2012.59
    Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an under-recognized major health problem among women in South-East Asia. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, physical inactivity, and being overweight or obese has shown a significantly increasing trend among women in the region, with the exception of Singapore. The problem is compounded by low awareness that CVD is a health problem for women as well as for men, by misconceptions about the disease, and by the lack of suitable, locally available health literature. Efforts have been made by the national heart associations and other organizations to increase heart health awareness and promote healthy lifestyles. Singapore initiated these prevention programs in the early 1990s and has been successful in reducing the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. The governments of the region, in accordance with the Noncommunicable Disease Alliance, have begun implementing appropriate preventive strategies and improving health-delivery systems. However, psychological, social, and cultural barriers to cardiovascular health awareness in women need to be addressed before these programs can be fully and successfully implemented.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension/pathology
  6. Jan Mohamed HJ, Mitra AK, Zainuddin LR, Leng SK, Wan Muda WM
    Women Health, 2013;53(4):335-48.
    PMID: 23751089 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2013.788120
    Metabolic syndrome has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to determine gender differences in the prevalence and factors associated with metabolic syndrome in a rural Malay population. This cross-sectional study, conducted in Bachok, Kelantan, involved 306 respondents aged 18 to 70 years. The survey used a structured questionnaire to collect information on demographics, lifestyle, and medical history. Anthropometric measurements, such as weight, height, body mass index, waist and hip circumference, and blood pressure were measured. Venous blood samples were taken by a doctor or nurses and analyzed for lipid profile and fasting glucose. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 37.5% and was higher among females (42.9%). Being unemployed or a housewife and being of older age were independently associated with metabolic syndrome in a multivariate analysis. Weight management and preventive community-based programs involving housewives, the unemployed, and adults of poor education must be reinforced to prevent and manage metabolic syndrome effectively in adults.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension/complications; Hypertension/epidemiology
  7. Rajakumar MK
    Family Practitioner, 1978;3:7-8.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension
  8. Chiu CL, Chan YK
    Int J Obstet Anesth, 2000 Oct;9(4):273-5.
    PMID: 15321079 DOI: 10.1054/ijoa.2000.0397
    We present a case of headache following epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section. The patient did not exhibit the classical features of post dural puncture headache and the cause was uncertain. The headache was complicated by post partum seizure and a history of pregnancy-induced hypertension. A diagnostic lumbar puncture had to be done to exclude meningitis as she had a raised white blood count. An epidural blood patch performed 12 days post partum resolved the headache immediately.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced
  9. Ong HT
    J Fam Pract, 2007 Sep;56(9):727-34.
    PMID: 17764644
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension/drug therapy*
  10. Abdullah A, Liew SM, Hanafi NS, Ng CJ, Lai PS, Chia YC, et al.
    Patient Prefer Adherence, 2016;10:99-106.
    PMID: 26869773 DOI: 10.2147/PPA.S94687
    BACKGROUND: Telemonitoring of home blood pressure (BP) is found to have a positive effect on BP control. Delivering a BP telemonitoring service in primary care offers primary care physicians an innovative approach toward management of their patients with hypertension. However, little is known about patients' acceptance of such service in routine clinical care.
    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore patients' acceptance of a BP telemonitoring service delivered in primary care based on the technology acceptance model (TAM).
    METHODS: A qualitative study design was used. Primary care patients with uncontrolled office BP who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled into a BP telemonitoring service offered between the period August 2012 and September 2012. This service was delivered at an urban primary care clinic in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Twenty patients used the BP telemonitoring service. Of these, 17 patients consented to share their views and experiences through five in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions. An interview guide was developed based on the TAM. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used for analysis.
    RESULTS: Patients found the BP telemonitoring service easy to use but struggled with the perceived usefulness of doing so. They expressed confusion in making sense of the monitored home BP readings. They often thought about the implications of these readings to their hypertension management and overall health. Patients wanted more feedback from their doctors and suggested improvement to the BP telemonitoring functionalities to improve interactions. Patients cited being involved in research as the main reason for their intention to use the service. They felt that patients with limited experience with the internet and information technology, who worked out of town, or who had an outdoor hobby would not be able to benefit from such a service.
    CONCLUSION: Patients found BP telemonitoring service in primary care easy to use but needed help to interpret the meanings of monitored BP readings. Implementations of BP telemonitoring service must tackle these issues to maximize the patients' acceptance of a BP telemonitoring service.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension*
  11. Palafox B, McKee M, Balabanova D, AlHabib KF, Avezum AJ, Bahonar A, et al.
    Int J Equity Health, 2016 12 08;15(1):199.
    PMID: 27931255
    BACKGROUND: Effective policies to control hypertension require an understanding of its distribution in the population and the barriers people face along the pathway from detection through to treatment and control. One key factor is household wealth, which may enable or limit a household's ability to access health care services and adequately control such a chronic condition. This study aims to describe the scale and patterns of wealth-related inequalities in the awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in 21 countries using baseline data from the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study.

    METHODS: A cross-section of 163,397 adults aged 35 to 70 years were recruited from 661 urban and rural communities in selected low-, middle- and high-income countries (complete data for this analysis from 151,619 participants). Using blood pressure measurements, self-reported health and household data, concentration indices adjusted for age, sex and urban-rural location, we estimate the magnitude of wealth-related inequalities in the levels of hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in each of the 21 country samples.

    RESULTS: Overall, the magnitude of wealth-related inequalities in hypertension awareness, treatment, and control was observed to be higher in poorer than in richer countries. In poorer countries, levels of hypertension awareness and treatment tended to be higher among wealthier households; while a similar pro-rich distribution was observed for hypertension control in countries at all levels of economic development. In some countries, hypertension awareness was greater among the poor (Sweden, Argentina, Poland), as was treatment (Sweden, Poland) and control (Sweden).

    CONCLUSION: Inequality in hypertension management outcomes decreased as countries became richer, but the considerable variation in patterns of wealth-related inequality - even among countries at similar levels of economic development - underscores the importance of health systems in improving hypertension management for all. These findings show that some, but not all, countries, including those with limited resources, have been able to achieve more equitable management of hypertension; and strategies must be tailored to national contexts to achieve optimal impact at population level.

    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension/economics; Hypertension/therapy*
  12. Fatimah Najid, Sanjeev Sandrasecra, Mohd Zuki Asyraf, Chang Haur Lee, Nornazirah Azizan, Andee Dzulkarnaen Zakaria, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Wandering spleen is renowned as a surgical enigma due to its diverse presentations. Due to lack of its attaching ligaments which would usually place it at the left hypochondrium region, the spleen ‘wanders’ and may be located anywhere within the abdominal cavity. This condition has been associated with many complications such as splenic torsion, pancreatitis and portal hypertension. We report a case of a wandering spleen presenting as acute appen- dicitis in an 18-year-old young active sportsman. The patient developed post-operative ileus and later intestinal obstruction which necessitated exploratory laparatomy onto which the final diagnosis of splenic and small bowel infarct due to splenic torsion with small bowel volvulus was made. Splenectomy, small bowel resection and primary anastomosis were performed and the patient made a full recovery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension, Portal
  13. Aye M, Sazali M
    Singapore Med J, 2012 Aug;53(8):545-50.
    PMID: 22941134
    INTRODUCTION: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of risk factors that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Waist circumference (WC), a surrogate indicator of abdominal fat mass, is used to measure central obesity associated with increased risk of hypertension, insulin resistance and type 2 DM, whereas body mass index (BMI) is traditionally used to measure somatic obesity. This study aimed to identify the WC and BMI cut-off points to predict the metabolic risk factors for MS and to determine which is a better predictor.
    METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted over a period of six months. The study involved 355 subjects aged 13-91 years. Youden's index was used to identify the optimal cut-off points.
    RESULTS: The optimal cut-off point of WC to predict individual metabolic risk in females was 84.5-91.0 cm. The BMI cut-off point to predict hypertension and raised fasting blood sugar was 23.7 kg/m², and that for low level high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 22.9 kg/m². For males, the corresponding cut-off points were 86.5-91.0 cm for WC and 20.75-25.5 kg/m² for BMI, with corresponding sensitivities and specificities. Area under the curve and the odds of developing individual and ≥ 2 metabolic risk factors for MS were higher for WC than for BMI.
    CONCLUSION: WC is a better predictor of metabolic risk factors for developing MS than BMI. Therefore, we propose that metabolic risk factors be screened when WC ≥ 80 cm is found in both genders regardless of BMI.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension
  14. Bastion, M.L.C., Amelah, M.A.Q., Wong, H.S.
    MyJurnal
    This study aimed to review the risk factors and clinical outcomes of patients undergoing pars planar vitrectomy (PPV) for breakthrough bleeding (BTB) from age related macular degeneration (AMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). We performed a retrospective review of medical records of 346 patients operated by the vitreoretinal unit at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from January 2008 - June 2011. We found eight eyes of 8 patients with AMD/IPCV-related BTB who underwent PPV. Mean age of patients was 64.4 years (range 41-80 years) with 5 males. Five were Chinese. Duration of symptoms ranged from days to months. Four patients were on anti-coagulants. Two had history of prior photodynamic therapy. There were five cases of PCV, of which three were macular in location. All three cases of AMD were macular. Intraoperative intravitreal ranibizumab injection was given in three cases and two had combined vitrectomy and cataract extraction. All cases reported improvement in visual acuity with four cases achieving 6/60 or better post operatively including two cases of extramacular PCV achieving 6/9 vision. Mean follow-up was 60 weeks. Postoperative complications included retinal tear and detachment in one case, reattached on reoperation. Six patients had a history of hypertension including one individual with stroke. Our small series indicates a predominance of Chinese individuals with BTB. Usage of anticoagulants and hypertension may be a predisposing factor. Better visual prognosis occurs with extramacular lesions which tend to be of PCV type.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension
  15. Chia YC, Ching SM, Lim HM
    J Hypertens, 2017 05;35 Suppl 1:S50-S56.
    PMID: 28350621 DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001333
    OBJECTIVES: The current study aims to determine the relationship of long-term visit-to-visit variability of SBP to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a multiethnic primary care setting.
    METHOD: This is a retrospective study of a cohort of 807 hypertensive patients over a period of 10 years. Three-monthly clinic blood pressure readings were used to derive blood pressure variability (BPV), and CVD events were captured from patient records.
    RESULTS: Mean age at baseline was 57.2 ± 9.8 years with 63.3% being women. The BPV and mean SBP over 10 years were 14.7 ± 3.5 and 142 ± 8 mmHg, respectively. Prevalence of cardiovascular event was 13%. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, BPV was the predictor of CVD events, whereas the mean SBP was not independently associated with cardiovascular events in this population. Those with lower SBP and lower BPV had fewer cardiovascular events than those with the same low mean SBP but higher BPV (10.5 versus 12.8%). Similarly those with higher mean SBP but lower BPV also had fewer cardiovascular events than those with the same high mean and higher BPV (11.6 versus 16.7%). Other variables like being men, diabetes and Indian compared with Chinese are more likely to be associated with cardiovascular events.
    CONCLUSION: BPV is associated with an increase in CVD events even in those who have achieved lower mean SBP. Thus, we should prioritize not only control of SBP levels but also BPV to reduce CVD events further.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension/physiopathology*
  16. Yam MF, Tan CS, Ahmad M, Ruan S
    Am J Chin Med, 2016;44(7):1413-1439.
    PMID: 27785939
    Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. (Lamiaceae) is an important plant in traditional folk medicine that is used to treat hypertension and kidney stones. In humans, this plant has been tested as an addition regiment for antihypertensive treatment. Among the treatments for hypertension, O. stamineus had been to have diuretic and vasorelaxant effects in animal models. There is still very little information regarding the vasorelaxant effect of O. stamineus. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the vasorelaxant activity and mechanism of action of the fractions of O. stamineus. The vasorelaxant activity and the underlying mechanisms of the chloroform fraction of the 50% methanolic extract of O. stamineus (CF) was evaluated on thoracic aortic rings isolated from Sprague Dawley rats. CF caused relaxation of the aortic ring pre-contracted with phenylephrine in the presence and absence of endothelium, and pre-contracted with potassium chloride in endothelium-intact aortic ring. In the presence of endothelium, both indomethacin (a nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor) and [Formula: see text]-[1,2,4]Oxadiazolo[4,3-[Formula: see text]]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, selective soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor) had a small effect on the vasorelaxation response. On the other hand, in the presence of Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), methylene blue (cyclic guanosine monophosphate lowering agent), tetraethylammonium ([Formula: see text], nonselective calcium activator [Formula: see text] channel blocker), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, voltage-dependent [Formula: see text] channel blocker), barium chloride ([Formula: see text], inwardly rectifying [Formula: see text] channel blocker), glibenclamide (nonspecific ATP-sensitive [Formula: see text] channel blocker), atropine (muscarinic receptor blocker) and propranolol (β-adrenergic receptor blocker), the vasorelaxant effect significantly reduced the relaxation stimulated by CF. CF was also found to be active in reducing [Formula: see text] release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and blocking calcium channels.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension/drug therapy
  17. Loh YC, Tan CS, Ch'ng YS, Ahmad M, Asmawi MZ, Yam MF
    J Med Food, 2017 Mar;20(3):265-278.
    PMID: 28296594 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3836
    Recently, a new syndromic disease combination theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for hypertensive treatment has been introduced. In the wake of this new concept, a new science-based TCM formula that counteracts various syndromes is needed. The objective of this study was to develop such a formula. Five of the most clinically prescribed TCM herbs that work on different syndromes, namely Gastrodia elata, Uncaria rhynchophylla, Pueraria thomsonii, Panax notoginseng, and Alisma orientale, were selected for this study. The fingerprints of these five herbs were analyzed by tri-step Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Three different solvents, 95% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and distilled water, were used for the maceration of the herbs and their vasodilatory effects were studied using in vitro precontracted aortic ring model. Among these, the 50% ethanolic extracts of G. elata (GE50) and A. orientale (AO50), and 95% ethanolic extracts of U. rhynchophylla (UR95), P. thomsonii (PT95), and P. notoginseng (PN95) were found to be the most effective for eliciting vasodilation. Thus, these five extracts were used for orthogonal stimulus-response compatibility group studies by using L25 (5(5)) formula. The best combination ratio for GE50, UR95, PT95, PN95, and AO50, which was assigned as Formula 1 (F1), was found at EC0, EC25, EC20, EC20, and EC10, respectively. The vasodilatory effect of the extracts prepared from different extraction methods using F1 ratio was also studied. From the results, the EC50 and Rmax of total 50% ethanolic extract of five herbs using F1 ratio (F1-2) were 0.028 ± 0.005 mg/mL and 101.71% ± 3.64%, with better values than F1 (0.104 ± 0.014 mg/mL and 97.80% ± 3.12%, respectively). In conclusion, the optimum ratio and appropriate extraction method (F1-2) for the new TCM formula were revealed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension/drug therapy
  18. Ch'ng YS, Loh YC, Tan CS, Ahmad M, Asmawi MZ, Wan Omar WM, et al.
    J Med Food, 2018 Mar;21(3):289-301.
    PMID: 29420109 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4008
    The seeds of Swietenia macrophylla King (SM) (Meliaceae) are used as a folk medicine for the treatment of hypertension in Malaysia. However, the antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effects of SM seeds are still not widely studied. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the in vivo antihypertensive effects and in vitro mechanism of vasorelaxation of a 50% ethanolic SM seed extract (SM50) and the fingerprint of SM50 was developed through tri-step Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The vasorelaxant activity and the underlying mechanisms of SM50 were evaluated on thoracic aortic rings isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats in the presence of antagonists. The pharmacological effect of SM50 was investigated by oral administration of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) with three different doses of SM50 (1000, 500, and 250 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks and their systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) values were measured weekly using tail-cuff method. The tri-step FTIR macro-fingerprint of SM50 showed that SM50 contains stachyose, flavonoids, limonoids, and ester, which may contribute to its vasorelaxant effect. The results showed that the vasorelaxant activity of SM50 was mostly attributed to channel-linked receptors pathways through the blockage of voltage-operated calcium channels (VOCC). SM50 also acts as both potassium channels opener and inositol triphosphate receptor (IP3R) inhibitor, followed by β2-adrenergic pathway, and ultimately mediated through the nitric oxide/soluble guanylyl cyclase/cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (NO/sGC/cGMP) signaling pathways. The treatment of SM50 also significantly decreased the SBP and DBP in SHRs. In conclusion, the antihypertensive mechanism of SM50 was mediated by VOCC, K+ channels, IP3R, G-protein-coupled β2-adrenergic receptor, and followed by NO/sGC/cGMP signaling mechanism pathways in descending order. The data suggested that SM50 has the potential to be used as a herbal medicament to treat hypertension.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension/drug therapy*; Hypertension/metabolism; Hypertension/physiopathology
  19. Azliana AF, Zainul-Rashid MR, Chandramaya SF, Farouk WI, Nurwardah A, Wong YP, et al.
    Indian J Pathol Microbiol, 2018 1 13;60(4):515-520.
    PMID: 29323064 DOI: 10.4103/IJPM.IJPM_376_16
    INTRODUCTION: Hypertensive disorder in pregnancy (HDP) represents the most common medical complication in pregnancy. It is the leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates vascular endothelial cell growth, survival, and proliferation, and they are known to be expressed in human placenta. The aim of this study was to determine the VEGF expression in the placenta of hypertensive and normotensive patients.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015. A total of 30 placentae comprised of 15 hypertensive and 15 normotensive cases were assessed. VEGF expression in placenta was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and the number of syncytial knots was counted.

    RESULTS: Our study showed an increased syncytial knot formation in the placenta of hypertensive mothers. VEGF expression was seen in syncytiotrophoblasts of 14 of the hypertensive cases (14/15, 93.3%), while only two of the normotensive cases were positive (2/15, 13.3%). There were no statistically significant differences in VEGF expression in other placenta cells, that is, cytotrophoblasts (P = 1.0), decidual cells (0.1394), maternal endothelial cells (0.5977), and fetal endothelial cells (P = 1.0).

    CONCLUSIONS: This study showed an increased number of syncytial knots is a consistent histological finding in the placenta of patient with HDP. VEGF expression was significantly increased in syncytiotrophoblasts in placenta of hypertensive group, and it could be used as a biomarker for hypertension.

    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/pathology*
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