Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 1497 in total

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  1. van Panhuis WG, Choisy M, Xiong X, Chok NS, Akarasewi P, Iamsirithaworn S, et al.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2015 Oct 20;112(42):13069-74.
    PMID: 26438851 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1501375112
    Dengue is a mosquito-transmitted virus infection that causes epidemics of febrile illness and hemorrhagic fever across the tropics and subtropics worldwide. Annual epidemics are commonly observed, but there is substantial spatiotemporal heterogeneity in intensity. A better understanding of this heterogeneity in dengue transmission could lead to improved epidemic prediction and disease control. Time series decomposition methods enable the isolation and study of temporal epidemic dynamics with a specific periodicity (e.g., annual cycles related to climatic drivers and multiannual cycles caused by dynamics in population immunity). We collected and analyzed up to 18 y of monthly dengue surveillance reports on a total of 3.5 million reported dengue cases from 273 provinces in eight countries in Southeast Asia, covering ∼ 10(7) km(2). We detected strong patterns of synchronous dengue transmission across the entire region, most markedly during a period of high incidence in 1997-1998, which was followed by a period of extremely low incidence in 2001-2002. This synchrony in dengue incidence coincided with elevated temperatures throughout the region in 1997-1998 and the strongest El Niño episode of the century. Multiannual dengue cycles (2-5 y) were highly coherent with the Oceanic Niño Index, and synchrony of these cycles increased with temperature. We also detected localized traveling waves of multiannual dengue epidemic cycles in Thailand, Laos, and the Philippines that were dependent on temperature. This study reveals forcing mechanisms that drive synchronization of dengue epidemics on a continental scale across Southeast Asia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  2. van Duijnhoven FJB, Jenab M, Hveem K, Siersema PD, Fedirko V, Duell EJ, et al.
    Int J Cancer, 2018 Mar 15;142(6):1189-1201.
    PMID: 29114875 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31146
    Evidence from in vivo, in vitro and ecological studies are suggestive of a protective effect of vitamin D against pancreatic cancer (PC). However, this has not been confirmed by analytical epidemiological studies. We aimed to examine the association between pre-diagnostic circulating vitamin D concentrations and PC incidence in European populations. We conducted a pooled nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study's second survey (HUNT2) cohorts. In total, 738 primary incident PC cases (EPIC n = 626; HUNT2 n = 112; median follow-up = 6.9 years) were matched to 738 controls. Vitamin D [25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 combined] concentrations were determined using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Conditional logistic regression models with adjustments for body mass index and smoking habits were used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Compared with a reference category of >50 to 75 nmol/L vitamin D, the IRRs (95% CIs) were 0.71 (0.42-1.20); 0.94 (0.72-1.22); 1.12 (0.82-1.53) and 1.26 (0.79-2.01) for clinically pre-defined categories of ≤25; >25 to 50; >75 to 100; and >100 nmol/L vitamin D, respectively (p for trend = 0.09). Corresponding analyses by quintiles of season-standardized vitamin D concentrations also did not reveal associations with PC risk (p for trend = 0.23). Although these findings among participants from the largest combination of European cohort studies to date show increasing effect estimates of PC risk with increasing pre-diagnostic concentrations of vitamin D, they are not statistically significant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  3. del Amo J, Moreno S, Bucher HC, Furrer H, Logan R, Sterne J, et al.
    Clin Infect Dis, 2012 May;54(9):1364-72.
    PMID: 22460971 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis203
    BACKGROUND: The lower tuberculosis incidence reported in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals receiving combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) is difficult to interpret causally. Furthermore, the role of unmasking immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is unclear. We aim to estimate the effect of cART on tuberculosis incidence in HIV-positive individuals in high-income countries.

    METHODS: The HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration consisted of 12 cohorts from the United States and Europe of HIV-positive, ART-naive, AIDS-free individuals aged ≥18 years with baseline CD4 cell count and HIV RNA levels followed up from 1996 through 2007. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for cART versus no cART, adjusted for time-varying CD4 cell count and HIV RNA level via inverse probability weighting.

    RESULTS: Of 65 121 individuals, 712 developed tuberculosis over 28 months of median follow-up (incidence, 3.0 cases per 1000 person-years). The HR for tuberculosis for cART versus no cART was 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44-0.72) overall, 1.04 (95% CI, 0.64-1.68) for individuals aged >50 years, and 1.46 (95% CI, 0.70-3.04) for people with a CD4 cell count of <50 cells/μL. Compared with people who had not started cART, HRs differed by time since cART initiation: 1.36 (95% CI, 0.98-1.89) for initiation <3 months ago and 0.44 (95% CI, 0.34-0.58) for initiation ≥3 months ago. Compared with people who had not initiated cART, HRs <3 months after cART initiation were 0.67 (95% CI, 0.38-1.18), 1.51 (95% CI, 0.98-2.31), and 3.20 (95% CI, 1.34-7.60) for people <35, 35-50, and >50 years old, respectively, and 2.30 (95% CI, 1.03-5.14) for people with a CD4 cell count of <50 cells/μL.

    CONCLUSIONS: Tuberculosis incidence decreased after cART initiation but not among people >50 years old or with CD4 cell counts of <50 cells/μL. Despite an overall decrease in tuberculosis incidence, the increased rate during 3 months of ART suggests unmasking IRIS.

    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  4. Zyoud SH, Awang R, Sulaiman SA, Al-Jabi SW
    Hum Psychopharmacol, 2010 Aug;25(6):500-8.
    PMID: 20737523 DOI: 10.1002/hup.1140
    The objectives of this study were to determine the risk factors and life stressors that are prevalent among the acetaminophen deliberate self-poisoning (DSP) cases, to identify gender differences in the associated factors, and to determine the prevalence of psychiatric diagnosis and the patterns and types of psychotherapeutic interventions provided by psychiatrists.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  5. Zuridah H, Bahaman AR, Mohd Azmi ML, Mutalib AR
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Jun;59(2):153-9.
    PMID: 15559163 MyJurnal
    A total of 157 stool samples were examined for Group A rotaviruses in diarrheic children admitted to 8 different major hospitals in Malaysia. The overall incidence rate in this study was 19.7% (31 of 157) with a variation of 9.5% to 39.1% in different locations. Majority of the infections detected were in those under 2 years of age and there were fewer admissions in the older age group. The stool samples were initially screened for rotavirus Group A by latex agglutination method and followed by RNA electrophoresis. The size and the characteristics wheel-shaped morphology of the viral preparations when examined by electron-microscopy further confirmed the presence of rotaviruses in the positive stool samples. Analysis of the RNA pattern showed that majority of the isolates, 51.6% (16 of 31) were Type IIC ('long' with comigration of RNA segments 7 and 8), 35.5% (11 of 31) with Type IIG ('long' with comigration of segments 7, 8, 9), 9.7% (3 of 31) with Type IG ('short' with comigration of RNA segments 7, 8, 9) and 3.2% (1 of 31) of mixed or atypical pattern. It appeared that over a 12 year interval, only one new or unusual rotavirus electropherotype was found. This is the first comprehensive report on the electropherotypes of rotaviruses covering eight different geographical locations in Malaysia and the data obtained is useful for understanding the geographic distribution and types of rotaviruses transmitting in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  6. Zulperi D, Sijam K
    Plant Dis, 2014 Feb;98(2):275.
    PMID: 30708756 DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-03-13-0321-PDN
    During March 2011 to June 2012, 50 banana plants of cultivar Musa × paradisiaca 'Horn' with Moko disease symptoms were randomly sampled in 12 different locations of 5 outbreak states in Peninsular Malaysia comprising Kedah, Selangor, Pahang, Negeri Sembilan, and Johor, with disease incidence exceeding 90% in some severely affected plantations. The disease symptoms observed in the infected plants included yellowing and wilting of the oldest leaves, which became necrotic, and eventually led to their dieback or collapse. The pulp of banana fruits also became discolored and exuded bacterial ooze. Vascular tissues in pseudostems were discolored. Fragments from symptomatic plant samples were excised and cultured on Kelman's-tetrazolium salt (TZC) medium. Twenty positive samples produced fluidal colonies that were either entirely white or white with pink centers after incubation for 24 to 48 h at 28°C on Kelman's-TZC medium and appeared as gram-negative rods after Gram staining. They were also positive for potassium hydroxide (KOH), Kovacs oxidase, and catalase tests, but negative for utilization of disaccharides and hexose alcohols, which are characteristics of biovar 1 Ralstonia solanacearum. For the pathogenicity test, 30 μl of 108 CFU/ml bacterial suspension of three selected virulent strains were injected into banana (Musa × paradisiaca 'Horn') leaves explants grown in plastic pots of 1,440 cm3 volume in a greenhouse, with temperature range from 26 to 35°C. Leaves that were infiltrated with sterile distilled water served as a negative control. Inoculations with all isolates were performed in three replications, as well as the uninoculated control leaves explants. The inoculated plants produced the same symptoms as observed on naturally diseased samples, whereas control plants remained asymptomatic. Strain cultures were re-isolated and possessed the morphological and biochemical characteristics as previously described. PCR amplification using race 2 R. solanacearum primers ISRso19-F (5'-TGGGAGAGGATGGCGGCTTT-3') and ISRso19-R (5'-TGACCCGCCTTTCGGTGTTT-3') (3) produced a 1,900-bp product from DNA of all bacterial strains. BLAST searches resulted that the sequences were 95 to 98% identical to published R. solanacearum strain race 2 insertion sequence ISRso19 (GenBank Accession No. AF450275). These genes were later deposited in GenBank (KC812051, KC812052, and KC812053). Phylotype-specific multiplex PCR (Pmx-PCR) and Musa-specific multiplex PCR (Mmx-PCR) were performed to identify the phylotype and sequevar of all isolates (4). Pmx-PCR showed that all isolates belonged to phylotype II, whereas Mmx-PCR showed that they belonged to phylotype II sequevar 4 displaying 351-bp amplicon. Although there were previously extensive studies on R. solanacearum associated with bacterial wilt disease of banana crops in Malaysia, none related to Moko disease has been reported (1,2). The result has a great importance to better understand and document R. solanacearum race 2 biovar 1, since banana has been identified as the second most important commercial fruit crop with a high economic value in Malaysia. References: (1) R. Khakvar et al. Plant Pathol. J. 7:162, 2008. (2) R. Khakvar et al. Am. J. Agri. Biol. Sci. 3:490, 2008. (3) Y. A. Lee and C. N. Khor. Plant Pathol. Bull. 12:57, 2003. (4) P. Prior et al. Pages 405-414 in: Bacterial Wilt Disease and the Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2005.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  7. Zia A, Kamaruzzaman SB, Tan MP
    Geriatr Gerontol Int, 2017 Mar;17(3):463-470.
    PMID: 26822931 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12741
    AIM: The presemt study aimed to determine the association between the risk of recurrent and injurious falls with polypharmacy, fall risk-increasing drugs (FRID) and FRID count among community-dwelling older adults.

    METHODS: Participants (n = 202) were aged ≥65 years with two or more falls or one injurious fall in the past year, whereas controls (n = 156) included volunteers aged ≥65 years with no falls in the past year. A detailed medication history was obtained alongside demographic data. Polypharmacy was defined as "regular use of five or more prescription drugs." FRID were identified as cardiovascular agents, central nervous system drugs, analgesics and endocrine drugs; multiple FRID were defined as two or more FRID. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to adjust for confounders.

    RESULTS: The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was independently associated with an increased risk of falls. Univariate analyses showed both polypharmacy (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.39-3.56; P = 0.001) and the use of two or more FRID (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.9-4.5; P = 0.0001) were significantly more likely amongst fallers. After adjustment for age, sex and comorbidities, blood pressure, and physical performance scores, polypharmacy was no longer associated with falls (OR 1.6, 95% CI 0.9-2.9; P = 0.102), whereas the consumption of two or more FRID remained a significant predictor for falls (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.4-5.3; P = 0.001).

    CONCLUSIONS: Among high risk fallers, the use of two or more FRID was an independent risk factor for falls instead of polypharmacy. Our findings will inform clinical practice in terms of medication reviews among older adults at higher risk of falls. Future intervention studies will seek to confirm whether avoidance or withdrawal of multiple FRID reduces the risk of future falls. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 463-470.

    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  8. Zhu CZ, Ting HN, Ng KH, Ong TA
    J Cancer, 2019;10(17):4038-4044.
    PMID: 31417648 DOI: 10.7150/jca.28989
    Background and purpose: Bladder cancer is the most common malignant tumour in the urinary system, with a high incidence and recurrence rate. While the incidence of bladder cancer has been rising in recent years, the prevalence of bladder carcinoma is showing an increasing tendency in the younger age group. There are several methods to detect bladder cancer, but different methods have varying degrees of accuracy which intrinsically depends on the method's sensitivity and specificity. Our aim was to comprehensively summarize the current detection methods for bladder cancer based on the available literature, and at the same time, to find the best combination of different effective methods which can produce a high degree of accuracy in detecting the presence of cancerous cells in the bladder. Materials and Methods: We used key word retrieval method for searching related references in English that had been indexed in PubMed and Medline. Results and Discussion: This paper discussed the different detection methods and their sensitivities/specificities as well as the advantages and disadvantages. We summarized the best identified cancer cell detection methods with higher sensitivity/specificity. Conclusion: The results of this review can positively help to identify accurate methods for detecting bladder cancer and highlight areas to be further improved for future research work.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  9. Zhiqin W, Palaniappan S, Raja Ali RA
    Intest Res, 2014 Jul;12(3):194-204.
    PMID: 25349593 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2014.12.3.194
    Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), and key contributing factors include chronic colonic inflammation and the extent and duration of disease. This increase in risk is more likely to result from chronic inflammation of the colonic mucosa than from any clearly defined genetic predisposition. However, globally, the true magnitude of this risk is debatable, since results from different studies are heterogeneous in terms of geographical and methodological variables. The prevalence of IBD-related CRC in the Asia-Pacific region ranges from 0.3% to 1.8% and a recent study found that the cumulative incidence of IBD-related CRC is comparable to that in Western countries. However, the CRC mortality rate in the Asia-Pacific region is on the rise compared with that in Western countries, and a few Asian countries show particularly rapid upward trends in CRC incidence. Although our understanding of the molecular and clinical basis for IBD-related CRC has improved substantially, our means of prevention, endoscopic surveillance, chemoprevention, and prophylactic surgery remain modest at best. Furthermore, published data on IBD-related CRC in the Asia-Pacific region is lacking, and this review addresses many aspects including epidemiology, natural history, etiopathogenesis, morphology, and biological behaviors of IBD-related CRC and sporadic CRC in the Asia-Pacific region. In this review, we will also discuss the risk factors for CRC in IBD patients, endoscopic technology screening, and surveillance programs and management strategies for IBD-related CRC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  10. Zhao J, Virani S, Sriplung H
    Health Policy Plan, 2017 Apr 01;32(3):430-436.
    PMID: 27935803 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czw145
    Background: The national cervical cancer screening program in Thailand has been successful in reducing overall burden from this disease. However, evaluation on spatial and temporal scales is needed to assess the efficacy of this program in smaller regions. Here, we geographically assess incidence in a province with a uniquely heterogeneous distribution of lifestyle factors associated with religiosity.

    Methods: Cervical cancer cases were extracted from the provincial cancer registry from 1989 to 2013. Age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated using population statistics from the census bureau and adjusted to the Segi world standard population. Bayesian hierarchical modelling was employed to spatiotemporally map cervical cancer incidence trends in Songkhla province in 5-year period.

    Results: Overall, the incidence of cervical cancer decreased in Songkhla province. The three districts with a Muslim population of greater than 70% had consistently lower cervical cancer rates from 1989 to 2013 compared with the rest of the predominantly Buddhist districts. Hotspots of incidence were identified in Sadao, Hat Yai and the juncture of Mueang Songkhla and Singhanakhon in each 5-year period.

    Conclusions: Distinct cervical cancer incidence trends by religion over time indicate differences in sexual habits, lifestyle and religion-associated culture between Muslims and Buddhists, and suggest divergent risk factor profiles for these groups. The high incidence rates in Sadao and Hat Yai is likely explained by the main road to Malaysia, which runs across these two areas and has frequent commercial sex trade. Female sex workers should be targeted as a vulnerable population for screening efforts to address this continuing burden of cervical cancer.

    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  11. Zhang X, Zhu N, Li Z, Xie X, Liu T, Ouyang G
    Sci Rep, 2021 11 05;11(1):21750.
    PMID: 34741095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01188-4
    There are no studies assessing the epidemiology and burden of decubitus ulcers at global, regional, and national levels. We aim to report this issue from 1990 to 2019 by extracting data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019 and stratifying it by age, gender, and socio-demographic index (SDI). Globally, the number of prevalent cases of decubitus ulcers in 2019 is 0.85 (95% UI 0.78 to 0.94) million. The age-standardized rates of prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) in 2019 are 11.3 (95% UI 10.2 to 12.5), 41.8 (37.8 to 46.2), and 1.7 (1.2 to 2.2) per 100,000 population, and compared with 1990, it has decreased by 10.6% (95% UI 8.7% to 12.3%), 10.2% (8.2 to 11.9%), and 10.4% (8.1 to 12.5%), respectively. In addition, the global prevalence rate of decubitus ulcers increases with age, peaking at the > 95 age group among men and women. At the regional and national levels, we observe a positive correlation between age-standardized YLDs and SDI. Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, and Thailand experienced the most significant increases in age-standardized prevalence rates at the national level. Finally, we concluded that the age-standardized prevalence, incidence, and YLDs rates of decubitus ulcer declined from 1990 to 2019, with significant regional differences. In order to monitor the dynamic changes of decubitus ulcers burden, it is recommended to improve the quality of decubitus ulcer health data in all regions and countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  12. Zhang S, Ching CK, Huang D, Liu YB, Rodriguez-Guerrero DA, Hussin A, et al.
    Heart Rhythm, 2020 03;17(3):468-475.
    PMID: 31561030 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2019.09.023
    BACKGROUND: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are underutilized in Asia, Latin America, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. The Improve SCA Study is the largest prospective study to evaluate the benefit of ICD therapy in underrepresented geographies. This analysis reports the primary objective of the study.

    OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study was to determine whether patients with primary prevention (PP) indications with specific risk factors (1.5PP: syncope, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, premature ventricular contractions >10/h, and low ventricular ejection fraction <25%) are at a similar risk of life-threatening arrhythmias as patients with secondary prevention (SP) indications and to evaluate all-cause mortality rates in 1.5PP patients with and without devices.

    METHODS: A total of 3889 patients were included in the analysis to evaluate ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation therapy and mortality rates. Patients were stratified as SP (n = 1193) and patients with PP indications. The PP cohort was divided into 1.5PP patients (n = 1913) and those without any 1.5PP criteria (n = 783). The decision to undergo ICD implantation was left to the patient and/or physician. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to compute hazard ratios.

    RESULTS: Patients had predominantly nonischemic cardiomyopathy. The rate of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation in 1.5PP patients was not equivalent (within 30%) to that in patients with SP indications (hazard ratio 0.47; 95% confidence interval 0.38-0.57) but was higher than that in PP patients without any 1.5PP criteria (hazard ratio 0.67; 95% confidence interval 0.46-0.97) (P = .03). There was a 49% relative risk reduction in all-cause mortality in ICD implanted 1.5PP patients. In addition, the number needed to treat to save 1 life over 3 years was 10.0 in the 1.5PP cohort vs 40.0 in PP patients without any 1.5PP criteria.

    CONCLUSION: These data corroborate the mortality benefit of ICD therapy and support extension to a selected PP population from underrepresented geographies.

    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  13. Zaridah S
    Med J Malaysia, 2014 Aug;69 Suppl A:33-41.
    PMID: 25417949 MyJurnal
    Despite cervical cancer being potentially preventable, it is the second most common cancer among women in Malaysia. One hundred and five articles related to Cervical Cancer were found in a search through a database dedicated to indexing all original data relevant to medicine published in Malaysia between the years 2000-2013. Fifty seven articles were selected and reviewed for the articles' clinical relevance and future research implications. This article reviews the various aspects of cervical cancer in Malaysia, mainly persistent infection of high risk human papillomavirus (HPV), primary prevention (HPV vaccination), screening method (Pap smear issues), and the attitude and knowledge of various groups of Malaysian women that contributed to the failure to reduce the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. Most of the studies focused on prevention, Pap smear issues, HPV DNA testing, HPV vaccination and various recommendations for prevention of cervical cancer. Secondary prevention by screening is still an important aspect because even with HPV vaccination, screening still plays an important role as vaccination does not cover all high risk HPVs. There is a need to seriously consider a properly organised screening programme, taking into consideration what we already know about the attitude and knowledge of Malaysian women, economic factors and psychosocial issues of the screening method. There is also a large gap in clinical studies on the outcome, management and survival of cervical cancer patients in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  14. Zamzuri, Z., Adham, S.Y., Shukrimi, A., Azril, M.A., Amran, R.
    MyJurnal
    Clinically, it is sometimes diffi cult to distinguish an infection of the spine from a metastasis. Spinal tuberculosis is common according to its endemic region and adenocarcinoma of the lung is also rising in the incidence worldwide. Similar presentations, with unknown primary, clinical fi ndings and hematological investigations rarely conclude a true diagnosis. Radiologically, the hallmark of spinal infection is erosion of adjacent vertebral endplates and narrowing of the disc space with or without a paravertebral shadow. Metastasis typically does not involve the disc space with erosion of the adjacent vertebral endplates. It usually presents as a lytic/sclerotic lesion in the vertebral body or “winkle owl” sign. These distinguishing features of infection versus metastasis are not certainties. Biopsy is mandatory whenever in doubt or patient is not responded with provisional treatment. The author presents a case with so-called radiological features of spinal tuberculosis infection, which turns out to be a metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  15. Zamora-Ros R, Cayssials V, Franceschi S, Kyrø C, Weiderpass E, Hennings J, et al.
    Int J Cancer, 2020 Apr 01;146(7):1841-1850.
    PMID: 31342519 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32589
    Polyphenols are bioactive compounds with several anticarcinogenic activities; however, human data regarding associations with thyroid cancer (TC) is still negligible. Our aim was to evaluate the association between intakes of total, classes and subclasses of polyphenols and risk of differentiated TC and its main subtypes, papillary and follicular, in a European population. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort included 476,108 men and women from 10 European countries. During a mean follow-up of 14 years, there were 748 incident differentiated TC cases, including 601 papillary and 109 follicular tumors. Polyphenol intake was estimated at baseline using validated center/country-specific dietary questionnaires and the Phenol-Explorer database. In multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models, no association between total polyphenol and the risks of overall differentiated TC (HRQ4 vs. Q1 = 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77-1.29), papillary (HRQ4 vs. Q1 = 1.06, 95% CI 0.80-1.41) or follicular TC (HRQ4 vs. Q1 = 1.10, 95% CI 0.55-2.22) were found. No associations were observed either for flavonoids, phenolic acids or the rest of classes and subclasses of polyphenols. After stratification by body mass index (BMI), an inverse association between the intake of polyphenols (p-trend = 0.019) and phenolic acids (p-trend = 0.007) and differentiated TC risk in subjects with BMI ≥ 25 was observed. In conclusion, our study showed no associations between dietary polyphenol intake and differentiated TC risk; although further studies are warranted to investigate the potential protective associations in overweight and obese individuals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  16. Zakiah I, Zaini AR, Jamilah B, Zawiah A
    Malays J Pathol, 1992 Dec;14(2):91-4.
    PMID: 1304630
    Over a three-year-period, 310 babies with prolonged jaundice admitted to GHKL were studied, to determine the incidence of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency as a cause of the problem. Ninety-two babies (29.7%) were found to be alpha-1-antitrypsin deficient. The percentage incidence was found to be highest in Indians (33.3%), followed by Malays (31.9%) and Chinese (26.7%). There was a male preponderance with a M:F ratio of 1.6:1. Most of these babies presented at the hospital at the age of more than two weeks but less than one month. Apart from the problem of prolonged jaundice and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, 2 had associated bleeding problems, 11 associated infections and 3 respiratory problems. Two babies had clinical features of Down's syndrome, 2 had G6PD deficiency and 1 had congenital hypothyroidism. AST, ALT and ALPO4 were high in 20, 26 and 3 babies respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  17. Zakaria L
    Plant Dis, 2023 Mar;107(3):603-615.
    PMID: 35819350 DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-02-22-0358-FE
    Basal stem rot of oil palm caused by Ganoderma boninense is the most serious disease of oil palm in Malaysia, Indonesia, and other oil-palm-producing countries. Economic losses caused by the disease can be up to USD500 million a year. For many years, basal stem rot was found to infect older palm trees of more than 25 to 30 years in age. Only in the 1950s, the disease began to appear in much younger palm trees, 10 to 15 years old, and, in the last decade or so, palm trees as young as 1 year were infected by the disease. The highest incidence occurs in coastal areas of Southeast Asia but the disease has now infected oil palm in inland areas, mainly oil palm planted in peat soils. Disease incidence is also high in areas previously growing coconut or forest. Basal stem rot infection and spread occur through root-to-root contact, and basidiospores that colonize the roots also play a role. In the early stages of infection by G. boninense, the pathogen behaves as a biotroph and later as a necrotroph, secreting cell-wall-degrading enzymes and triggering host defense responses. Genes, gene products, and metabolic pathways involved in oil palm defense mechanisms against G. boninense have been identified and these metabolites have the potential to be used as markers for early detection of the disease. Integrated disease management used to control basal stem rot includes cultural practices, chemical control, and application of biocontrol agents or fertilizers. Early detection tools have also been developed that could assist in management of basal stem rot infections. Development of resistant or tolerant oil palm is still at an early stage; therefore, the existing integrated disease management practices remain the most appropriate methods for managing basal stem rot of oil palm.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  18. Zainur Rashid, Z., Sharifah Sulaiha, S.A., Darnina, A.J.
    MyJurnal
    Varicella or chickenpox is an infectious disease caused by Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV), which commonly affects the children. It is a mild, self-limiting disease and rarely complicate to serious conditions except in adults. Decreasing incidence of chickenpox among children, probably owing to improved living conditions ,prevention and health care, is worrisome as growing number of adults are being infected. This creates disturbing concerns in many parties as women at childbearing age might get infected and not only are them at a great risk of serious complications, but also their unborn fetus or their newborn babies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  19. Zainur Rashid, Z., S. Sulaiha S.A., Lew, K.G., Nurhana, S.
    MyJurnal
    Gestational breast cancer (GBC) or pregnancy-associated breast cancer was defined as breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy and within 1 year of delivery. Breast cancer is the second commonest cancer after cervical seen in pregnancy and lactation. Nevertheless, the incidence is low and accounts for approximately 1 in 3000 of pregnancies. A delay in diagnosis is common and 70% to 89% of patients with operable primary lesions already have positive axillary lymph nodes. Breast cancer identified during pregnancy can be extremely distressing for the mother despite it has similar course of disease and prognosis seen in non-pregnant women of the same age and stage of disease. Diagnostic and treatment options should be carefully decided to prevent further harm to the mother or any potential risk to the developing fetus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  20. Zainul-Abidin S, Lim B, Bin-Abd-Razak HR, Gatot C, Allen JC, Koh J, et al.
    Malays Orthop J, 2019 Jul;13(2):28-34.
    PMID: 31467648 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1907.005
    Introduction: Periprosthetic fractures are a devastating complication following total knee arthroplasty. Little is known about the effect of mechanical factors on the incidence of periprosthetic fractures. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between pre-operative mechanical factors, like side of surgery, coronal alignment and pre-operative range of motion and intra-operative factors, and the incidence of a periprosthetic fracture, following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Materials and Methods: Forty-two patients with periprosthetic fractures (PPF) after primary TKA were identified from our hospital arthroplasty registry. These patients were matched two-to-one for gender and age at primary knee arthroplasty to 84 patients without PPF. The incidence of periprosthetic fracture with regards to laterality, coronal alignment and pre-operative range of motion was analysed. Intra-operative factors like implant type, patellar resurfacing and notching were also analysed using logistic regression. Results: Coronal alignment, pre-operative range of motion and patella resurfacing were not significant predictors of periprosthetic fractures. Anterior femoral notching was found to be significantly higher in the fracture group with an odds ratio of 17. Left sided surgery was also significantly higher in the periprosthetic fracture group. Conclusion: Periprosthetic fractures are 17 times more likely to occur in a knee with anterior femoral notching. Preoperative factors like coronal alignment and poor preoperative range of motion do not seem to increase the risk of periprosthetic fractures after TKA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
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