Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 3428 in total

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  1. Singh J, Che'Rus S, Chong S, Chong YK, Crofts N
    AIDS, 1994;8 Suppl 2:S99-103.
    PMID: 7857575
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn
  2. Wang J, Sung V, Carew P, Burt RA, Liu M, Wang Y, et al.
    Acad Pediatr, 2019 07;19(5):504-514.
    PMID: 30872125 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2019.01.010
    BACKGROUND: Better epidemiologic information on childhood hearing loss would inform research priorities and efforts to prevent its progression.

    OBJECTIVES: To estimate prevalence and secular trends in children's hearing loss.

    DATA SOURCES: We searched MEDLINE and Embase from January 1996 to August 2017.

    STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We included epidemiologic studies in English reporting hearing loss prevalence.

    STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The modified Leboeuf-Yde and Lauritsen tool was used to assess methodological quality. Meta-analyses combined study-specific estimates using random-effects models.

    PARTICIPANTS: Children 0 to 18 years of age.

    RESULTS: Among 88 eligible studies, 43.2% included audiometric measurement of speech frequencies. In meta-analyses, pooled prevalence estimates of slight or worse bilateral speech frequency losses >15 decibels hearing level (dB HL) were 13.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.0-17.0). Using progressively more stringent cutpoints, pooled prevalence estimates were 8.1% (95% CI, 1.3-19.8) with >20 dB HL, 2.2% (95% CI, 1.4-3.0) with >25 dB HL, 1.8% (95% CI, 0.4-4.1) with >30 dB HL, and 0.9% (95% CI, 0.1-2.6) with >40 dB HL. Also, 8.9% (95% CI, 6.4-12.3) had likely sensorineural losses >15 dB HL in 1 or both ears, and 1.2% (95% CI, 0.5-2.1) had self-reported hearing loss. From 1990 to 2010, the prevalence of losses >15 dB HL in 1 or both ears rose substantially (all P for trend

    Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn
  3. Goh ZNL, Khoo EJ
    Acad Pediatr, 2018 07;18(5):481-482.
    PMID: 29331344 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2018.01.001
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant
  4. Kulanthayan S, Razak A, Schenk E
    Accid Anal Prev, 2010 Mar;42(2):509-14.
    PMID: 20159074 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.09.015
    The rapidly motorizing environment in Malaysia has made child occupant safety a current public health concern. The usage of child safety seats (CSS) is a widely regarded intervention to enhance child occupant safety, yet no study has been conducted on CSS in Malaysia. This study aims to determine the CSS usage rates in Malaysia and to assess driver characteristics that are associated with CSS usage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn
  5. Lie-Injo LE
    Acta Haematol., 1973;49(1):25-35.
    PMID: 4632449 DOI: 10.1159/000208382
    Newborns were examined for the presence of slow-moving haemoglobin components, tentatively designated X components and previously found in a group of Hb H disease in which invariably one of the parents of each patient had the same slow-moving Hb X components also. Structural studies showed that the abnormal haemoglobin in Chinese was identical with Hb Constant Spring, an c-chain variant. Newborns with Hb Bart’s and slow-moving X components invariably had one parent with the X components also. When the child grew older Hb Bart’s disappeared while the Hb X components remained in the blood. The homozygous state for the X components was found in a Malay boy through his newborn brother who had the X components in addition to Hb Bart’s and had both parents with the X components. One other Malay baby had the X components and Hb A2 Indonesia inherited from the parents. The present study of newborns also showed that Hb Bart’s can accompany different abnormalities of haemoglobin production, involving alpha-chains, beta-chains as well as gamm-chains. Its presence in cord blood is, therefore, not specific for alpha-thalassaemia
    Key Words: Haemoglobinopathies; Hb Bart’s; Slow-moving Hb X; Thalassaemia
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn
  6. Lie-Injo LE, Lopez CG, Lopes M
    Acta Haematol., 1971;46(2):106-20.
    PMID: 4331171 DOI: 10.1159/000208565
    A study of 23 patients with Hb H disease and their 82 relatives in 17 families showed that 2 types of this condition exist. One is associated with the presence of a small slow-moving component, which we tentatively called the X component and which was invariably present in one parent. Some siblings also had it. The other type was not associated with this component. Two patients without X component had a newborn with Bart’s haemoglobin without X component. None of the parents of 20 newborns with Hb Bart’s without the X component had the X component. It was present in only one parent of each of 2 newborns with Hb Bart’s and the X component. They are thought to represent Hb H disease in the newborn period. We suggest that at least 3 abnormal genes may lead to Hb H disease, which results when 2 of the 3 combine. Severity of clinical and haematological symptoms depends upon which abnormal gene is present and which 2 are involved in any particular combination.
    Key Words: a-Thalassaemia; Haemoglobin Bart’s; Haemoglobin H disease; Haemoglobinopathies
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant
  7. Ong HC, White JC, Sinnathuray TA
    Acta Haematol., 1977;58(4):229-33.
    PMID: 410224 DOI: 10.1159/000207832
    A case of haemoglobin H (HbH) disease associated with pregnancy is presented and discussed in the light of reports in the literature. The variable symptomatology is commented upon, although mild to moderate chronic haemolytic anaemia seems to be a constant feature. The roles of folic acid supplements and of splenectomy; the avoidance of oxidant drugs, and the mode of inheritance in HbH disease are briefly commented upon. Available reports indicate that HbH disease probably has no adverse effect on pregnancy. However, the association of the two conditions is uncommon, and reports are too few, therefore, to allow definite conclusions on the outcome in all instances.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  8. Lie-Injo LE, Virik HK, Lim PW, Lie AK, Ganesan J
    Acta Haematol., 1977;58(3):152-60.
    PMID: 409030 DOI: 10.1159/000207822
    A study was carried out of 332 babies suffering from severe neonatal jaundice who were admitted to the General Hospital, Kuala Lumpar, Malaysia. Of the 332 neonates, 51 were premature and 281 were full-term babies, 178 (110 Chinese, 58 Malay, 9 Indian and 1 European-Pakistani) had bilirubin levels of 20 mg% or higher, requiring exchange blood transfusion. Of the Chinese neonates, 23 (20.9%) had G6PD deficiency, 9 (8.2%) had Hb Bart's and 2 (1.8%) had an abnormal haemoglobin, one Hb Q and one fetal variant. Among the Malay infants, 10 (17.2%) had G6PD deficiency, 7 (12.1%) had Hb Bart's and 10 (17.2%) had abnormal haemoglobins (four had Hb E trait, one had Hb K and Bart's in addition to Hb E, three had Hb CoSp with Hb Bart's, one had Hb Q and one Hb Tak). One of the nine Indian neonates had G6PD deficiency and one had Hb S trait. The one European-Pakistani baby was a carrier of Hb D Punjab. In addition to G6PD deficiency, abnormal haemoglobins seem to have contributed to the high incidence of severe neonatal jaundice in Malaysia. The mean activities of GP, GR and GR after stimulation with FAD were higher, while the mean activity of PK and mean level of reduced glutathione were lower than in normal cord bloods. The percent increase of GR after FAD stimulation was significantly lower; fewer in this group had increases above 20% than in normal cord blood. The possible significance of the findings is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  9. Pratap RC, Gururaj AK
    Acta Neurol. Scand., 1989 Feb;79(2):123-7.
    PMID: 2496576
    The clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) features were evaluated in a consecutive series of 50 infants with complex partial seizures. The age of onset of seizures showed a peak at age of 2 months. Significant development delay was seen in 60% of the infants. In 92% an underlying aetiological factor could be identified. Birth asphyxia was the commonest aetiological factor (30%). The seizure patterns were most frequently described as behavioural arrest, upward deviation of eyes, tonic posturing of the limbs, apnoea and cyanosis. Interictal EEG showed bilateral temporal lobe foci in 22%, unilateral foci in 78% and multiple foci in 46% of the cases. The response of the seizures to anticonvulsant drugs is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant
  10. Nor Azlin MI, Nor NA, Sufian SS, Mustafa N, Jamil MA, Kamaruddin NA
    Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2007;86(4):407-8.
    PMID: 17486460
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  11. Ashworth J, Flaherty M, Pitz S, Ramlee A
    Acta Ophthalmol, 2015 Mar;93(2):e111-7.
    PMID: 25688487 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12607
    Purpose: The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of rare lysosomal storage disorders, characterized by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans within multiple organ systems including the eye. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of glaucoma in patients with MPS, as well as the characteristics, diagnosis and management of patients with MPS and glaucoma.
    Methods: A multicentre retrospective case-note review was carried out by ophthalmologists from four tertiary referral centres to identify patients with MPS who had been treated for glaucoma. Clinical ophthalmological data were collected using standardized data collection forms.
    Results: Fourteen patients were identified (27 eyes) of 294 patients with MPS. The prevalence of glaucoma ranged from 2.1% to 12.5%. The median age at diagnosis of glaucoma was 8 years. Diagnostic evaluation of glaucoma was incomplete in many patients: intraocular pressure was documented in all eyes, but optic disc appearance was only assessed in 67%, central corneal thickness in 26%, visual fields in 19% and iridocorneal angle in 15%.
    Conclusions: Patients with MPS need regular assessment for possible glaucoma including during childhood. Multiple factors contribute to the challenges of assessment, diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma in these patients.
    Keywords: Hunter; Hurler; Hurler-Scheie; Maroteaux-Lamy; Morquio; Scheie; glaucoma; mucopolysaccharidosis; prevalence.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant
  12. Sinniah D, Narasimha G, Prathap K
    Acta Ophthalmol, 1980 Oct;58(5):819-24.
    PMID: 7211270
    Twenty children with retinoblastoma are reviewed who were treated at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur over a 10-year-period. They constitute 6.6% of childhood malignancies and without exception all presented with advanced disease. Hereditary cases were notably absent in the the series probably because past cases have almost invariably succumbed without an opportunity to transmit the gene. With enucleation and radiotherapy six of the patients have survived from 2 to 12 years. The addition of vincristine and cyclophosphamide has not been associated with improved survival.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant
  13. Reddy SC, Menon BS
    Acta Ophthalmol Scand, 1998 Dec;76(6):700-3.
    PMID: 9881556
    PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of ocular manifestations in childhood acute leukaemia at the time of presentation.

    METHODS: Eighty-two children with acute leukaemia were examined for ocular lesions within two days of diagnosis before starting chemotherapy. The detailed ocular examination of both eyes was carried out by the ophthalmologist irrespective of the presence or absence of eye symptoms in all cases.

    RESULTS: Only 3 out of 82 children presented with eye symptoms (3.6%). However, ocular changes were found in 14 children (17%); ten with lymphoblastic and four with myeloid leukaemia. The ocular lesions observed were proptosis, intraretinal haemorrhages, white centered haemorrhages, cotton wool spots, macular haemorrhage, subhyaloid haemorrhage, vitreous haemorrhage, papilloedema, cortical blindness, sixth nerve palsy, and exudative retinal detachment with choroidal infiltration.

    CONCLUSION: In view of the high prevalence of asymptomatic ocular lesions in childhood acute leukaemia, routine ophthalmic examination should be included as a part of evaluation at the time of diagnosis.

    Matched MeSH terms: Infant
  14. Mohammad Azmi HH, Goh BS, Abdullah A, Umat C
    Acta Otolaryngol, 2020 Oct;140(10):838-844.
    PMID: 32564640 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2020.1775887
    INTRODUCTION: Bilateral cochlear implants are seen to improve hearing capabilities.

    OBJECTIVE: To assess the auditory outcome of paediatric bilateral cochlear implant in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study single centre analysis. Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP-II) scale and Speech, Spatial and Qualities (SSQ) of Hearing questionnaire were used.

    RESULTS: Forty-six patients were recruited. Majority of the children (30.4%) rated 7 and 23.9% scored perfectly (9) based on the CAP-II Scale. The least performing children were rated 5 (average). Children that were implanted sequentially within 24 months showed median CAP-II scale of 7. No significant correlation seen between CAP-II and the duration interval, use and age of 1st CI (p > .05). The speech domain of SSQ-P scale showed median value of 8 indicating good speech understanding. The spatial hearing domain had median value of 7, quality of hearing domain had median of 8. Significant correlation seen in hearing in noise with the duration of use of CI (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Infant
  15. Kanaheswari Y, Hamzaini AH, Wong SW, Zulfiqar A
    Acta Paediatr, 2008 Nov;97(11):1589-91.
    PMID: 18671691 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00971.x
    Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV) is a rare congenital syndrome characterized predominantly by cutaneous vascular malformations and pigmentary naevi. The most frequently reported form, Type II b, is associated with systemic involvement. Sturge-Weber Syndrome (SWS) with concomitant glaucoma, Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome (KTS) and naevus of Ota have been frequently described, but there have only been two case reports with asymptomatic renal anomalies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn
  16. Hossain M, Mani KK, Mohd Sidik S, Kadir Shahar H
    Acta Paediatr, 2016 Aug;105(8):e373-8.
    PMID: 27111395 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13447
    AIM: There are an estimated 372 000 worldwide deaths by drowning every year, and it has been described as a secret epidemic in Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to develop an intervention package to prevent children under the age of five from drowning in rural Bangladesh.

    METHODS: This was a qualitative study using focus group discussions in three villages in rural Bangladesh. The 45 participants were mothers and fathers with children under five, the parents of children who had drowned and community leaders.

    RESULTS: The majority of the participants (71%) were male. The focus groups revealed that most drowning's occurred between 11am and 2pm and that risk factors included the following: children not being able to swim, ditches that were not filled in, lack of medical facilities, parents who were not aware of childhood drowning and lack of information through the media about how to prevent of childhood drowning. Suggestions included using a mobile-based short messaging service or voice calls to parents, especially mothers, could increase awareness and reduce the risk of childhood drowning.

    CONCLUSION: A safety education programme could be effective in increasing knowledge and changing attitudes, which could prevent drowning among children in Bangladesh.

    Matched MeSH terms: Infant
  17. Kamala F, Boo NY, Cheah FC, Birinder K
    Acta Paediatr, 2002;91(12):1350-6.
    PMID: 12578294
    AIM: To determine whether the addition of heparin to total parenteral nutrition (TPN) fluid would prevent blockage of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) in neonates.

    METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, controlled study of 66 eligible neonates with PICCs inserted for the administration of TPN. Infants were randomized to receive TPN containing either 1 IU ml(-1) of heparin (n = 35) or no heparin (n = 31).

    RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the incidence of blocked catheters between the two groups of infants (heparin: 14.3%; no-heparin: 22.6%, p = 0.4). Although a higher percentage (62.9%) of infants in the heparin group received a complete course of TPN successfully via PICC than those in the no-heparin group (48.4%), the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.3). There were no significant differences in the incidence of catheter-related sepsis, hypertriglyceridaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia, coagulopathy or intraventricular haemorrhage between the two groups.

    CONCLUSION: Addition of heparin to TPN fluid was not associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of blocked PICCs. However, the sample size of this study was too small to exclude even rather marked differences between the groups.

    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  18. Ong LC, Chandran V, Boo NY
    Acta Paediatr, 2001 Dec;90(12):1464-9.
    PMID: 11853347 DOI: 10.1080/08035250152708905
    A study was carried out to compare parenting stress between 116 mothers of very low birthweight (VLBW) children and 96 mothers of normal birthweight (NBW) children at 4 y of age, using the Parenting Stress Index (PSI). Multiple regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with child-domain stress (CDS) and parent-domain stress (PDS). There was a significantly higher proportion (39.7%) of mothers of VLBW children with high CDS scores >90th percentile than mothers of NBW children (20.8%). No significant differences were observed for PDS scores. Lower intelligence quotient (IQ) scores and adverse child behaviour, as evidenced by higher Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores, were significantly associated with higher CDS scores (p < 0.001). Factors associated with higher PDS scores were higher CBCL scores (p < 0.001), mothers who were the primary caregivers (p < 0.001), male sex (p = 0.018) and lower level of maternal education (p = 0.048). These factors remained statistically significant even when physically and cognitively impaired children were excluded from the analysis.

    CONCLUSION: Specific child characteristics and the social environment appear to have a greater impact on parenting stress than the biological risk of VLBW birth per se.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight/psychology*
  19. Goh AY, Chan TL, Abdel-Latiff ME
    Acta Paediatr, 2003 Aug;92(8):965-9.
    PMID: 12948074
    AIM: Knowledge of the spectrum and frequencies of pediatric emergencies presenting to an emergency department (ED) of individual developing countries is vital in optimizing the quality of care delivered locally.

    METHODS: A prospective 6 wk review of all pediatric (< 18 y) attendees to an urban ED was done, with patient age, presenting complaints, diagnoses, time of arrival and disposition recorded.

    RESULTS: Complete data were available on 1172 patients, with an age range of 4 d to 18 y (mean +/- SD 6.9 +/- 5.6 y); 43% were aged < or = 4 y. The main presenting complaints were injuries (26.9%), fever (24%) and breathing difficulties (16.6%). The most common diagnosis was minor trauma (24.2%), with soft-tissue injuries predominating (80.6%). The other diagnoses were asthma (12.6%), upper respiratory infections (12.1%), other infections (12.1%) and gastroenteritis (11.8%). Equal proportions of patients were seen throughout the day. 25% of patients were admitted. Young age (< 1 y); presence of past medical history, general practitioner referrals, diagnosis of bronchiolitis and pneumonia were significantly associated with risk of admission.

    CONCLUSION: A wide spectrum of paediatric illnesses was seen in the ED, with an overrepresentation of young children. This supports the decision to have either a separate pediatric ED or paediatric residents on the staff. The training curricula should emphasize the management of pediatric trauma, infections and asthma. Alternatively, developing guidelines for the five most common presenting complaints would account for 82% of all attendees and could be directed towards all staff on the ED.

    Matched MeSH terms: Infant
  20. Boo NY, Chee SC, Rohana J
    Acta Paediatr, 2002;91(6):674-9.
    PMID: 12162601
    A randomized controlled study was carried out on 96 preterm infants (< 37 wk) with birthweight less than 2000 g admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit. The aim was to compare the weight gain between preterm infants exposed to 12 h cyclical lighting (intensity of light: 78.4 +/- 24.7 lux, mean +/- SD) and those exposed to a continuously dim environment (5.9 +/- 1.9 lux). The exclusion criteria were infants with major congenital malformations or who needed continuous lighting for treatment procedure and care. From day 7 of life until discharge, 50 infants were randomized to receive 12 h cyclical lighting and 46 infants to a continuously dim environment. There was no significant difference in the mean birthweight (12 h lighting vs continuously dim: 1482 vs 1465 g, p = 0.8), mean gestational age (31.6 vs 31.4 wk, p = 0.6), median duration of hospital stay (28.5 vs 28.5 d, p = 0.8), mean age to regain birthweight (13.0 vs 12.9 d, p = 0.3), mean weight gained by day 14 (27.6 vs 36.2 g, p = 1.0), median weight gain per day (11.9 vs 12.2 g, p = 0.9) or median body weight on discharge (1800 vs 1800 g, p = 0.4) between the two groups of infants.

    CONCLUSION: Exposing preterm infants to either 12 h cyglical lighting or continuously dim environment did not have any significant effect on their weight gain during the neonatal period.

    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature*
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