Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 144 in total

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  1. Nuzlinda Abdul Rahman, Abdul Aziz Jemain
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:1003-1010.
    Infant mortality is one of the central public issues in most of the developing countries. In Malaysia, the infant mortality rates have improved at the national level over the last few decades. However, the issue concerned is whether the improvement is uniformly distributed throughout the country. The aim of this study was to investigate the geographical distribution of infant mortality in Peninsular Malaysia from the year 1970 to 2000 using a technique known as disease mapping. It is assumed that the random variable of infant mortality cases comes from Poisson distribution. Mixture models were used to find the number of optimum components/groups for infant mortality data for every district in Peninsular Malaysia. Every component is assumed to have the same distribution, but different parameters. The number of optimum components were obtained by maximum likelihood approach via the EM algorithm. Bayes theorem was used to determine the probability of belonging to each district in every components of the mixture distribution. Each district was assigned to the component that had the highest posterior probability of belonging. The results obtained were visually presented in maps. The analysis showed that in the early year of 1970, the spatial heterogeneity effect was more prominent; however, towards the end of 1990, this pattern tended to disappear. The reduction in the spatial heterogeneity effect in infant mortality data indicated that the provisions of health services throughout the Peninsular Malaysia have improved over the period of the study, particularly towards the year 2000.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Mortality
  2. Abdul Kader H
    Malays J Reprod Health, 1983 Jan;1(1):11-8.
    PMID: 12279886
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Mortality*
  3. Abdul Kader H
    Malays J Reprod Health, 1983 Dec;1(2):139-52.
    PMID: 12313335
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Mortality*
  4. al-Mohdzar SA, Haque E, Abdullah WA
    Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol, 1993 Dec;19(4):401-5.
    PMID: 8135673
    Hospital University Sains Malaysia (HUSM) functions as the state referral centre and the only hospital for the state of Kelantan that can offer neonatal intensive care service. The deliveries in HUSM with grand multiparity, late booking and problems of late referrals resembles a hospital serving a semiurban rather than an urban community. A comparison between the year 1989 and 1991 showed marked improvement of perinatal mortality rate from 41.32 to 24.88, which is significantly better than the improvement achieved from 1987 to 1989 (46.0 to 41.32). This was possible due to a marked fall in the early neonatal mortality rate from 10.02 in 1989 to 5.45 in 1991 and fall in the stillbirth rate from 31.61 to 19.53.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Mortality/trends*
  5. Ahmad M
    Egypt Popul Fam Plann Rev, 1979;13(1-2):168-86.
    PMID: 12312263
    PIP: Responses to questions relating to breastfeeding in the World Fertility Surveys of South Korea, Indonesia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Bangladesh are analyzed. Of these countries, the percentage of ever-married women who had breastfed in the last closed interval was between 94-99%, except for Malaysia (81%) and average number of months breastfeeding took place was from 16.5-19.2, except for Malaysia (7.3). The infant mortality rate in these countries was 33/1000 live births for South Korea, 45/1000 for Malaysia, 51/1000 for Sri Lanka, 137/1000 for Indonesia, 150/1000 for Bangladesh, and 152/1000 for Nepal. Responses, however, might vary according to different interview situations. Assuming that the reporting errors are of similar magnitude and direction, the relationship between duration of breastfeeding and the birth interval can be studied. But it is possible that breastfeeding was prolonged due to other reasons for which conception was delayed; thus the regression of breastfeeding duration on the birth interval is not as logical as the regression of the birth interval on the breastfeeding is, especially when habitual breastfeeding can be avoided. The negative relationship between breastfeeding and infant mortality does exist, assuming that a woman breastfeeds all her children for similar durations. Some breastfeeding differentials are place of residence (less for rural areas), education (reduces duration), and religion (Christians have shorter duration than Muslims, Hindus, or Buddhists). In South Korea the mean length of breastfeeding of women aged 25-34 and 35-44 are 17.5 and 20.5, and women using contraceptives are 26% for 25-34 and 20% for 35-44. South Korea also has the highest level of breastfeeding, highest incidence of ever use of contraceptives, and a very low level of fertility. Nepal and Bangladesh have a high level of breastfeeding but since their contraceptive incidence is low, their fertility level remains high. Some areas of further research include influence of breastfeeding on infant and child mortality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Mortality
  6. Nur Syakirah Awai, Aminah Bee Mohd Kassim
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Under 5 mortality is a leading indicator of the level of child health and overall development of a coun-try. In Malaysia, progressive reduction has been observed from 1990 however since 2000 progress has been static. Further understanding about this trend is crucial. The objective of this study was to identify causes of mortality for better policy development in order to further reduce this rate. Methods: Analysis of mortality trends was done using data from Department of Statistics and causes of mortality using data collected through the Stillbirth and Under 5 Mortality Reporting System (SU5MR) in 2016. Results: The trend for Under 5 mortality rate between 2006 till 2016 is still plateaued and hovered between 8 to 9 per 1000 live births at the national level. High percentage of death is seen among the neonatal group (51%), followed by children 28 days to 1year (31%) and toddlers 1-4 years (18%). Percentage of preventable deaths increased with age i.e. 21% among neonates, 41% among children 28 days to 1year and 48% among toddlers. The leading causes of death are conditions from perinatal period (34.4%), congen-ital malformation (30%), injuries and external causes (6.4%), respiratory (5.6%) and certain infectious and parasitic disease (5.1%). Conclusion: To further reduce under -5 mortality focus needs to be on preventable deaths; to reduce neonatal deaths will require political commitment to ensure adequate resources; interagency collaboration is needed to reduce toddler mortality and family and community awareness on prevention of injury and infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Mortality
  7. Tey Nai Peng, Tan Boon Ann, Arshat H
    Malays J Reprod Health, 1985 Jun;3(1):46-58.
    PMID: 12314427
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Mortality*
  8. Arumugam K
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 1992;6(1):32-4.
    PMID: 1304776 DOI: 10.1177/101053959200600109
    National data show that the perinatal mortality amongst the Malays is higher than that of the Chinese but less than that of the Indians. These figures include data from both urban and rural areas. In the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, however, the perinatal mortality amongst the Malays was found to be the lowest; an odds-ratio of 0.72 (95% confidence limits; 0.59-0.87; P < 0.0005) when compared to the non-Malays. This occurred despite a significantly higher parity amongst the Malays. The Malays in this group of patients however, had a significantly better social class distribution.
    Publication year: 1992-1993
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Mortality*
  9. Thompson B, Baird D
    J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw, 1967 Aug;74(4):510-22.
    PMID: 6033271
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Mortality
  10. Geefhuysen CJ, Isa AR, Hashim M, Barnes A
    J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 1998 Feb;24(1):13-20.
    PMID: 9564100
    Measure the effectiveness of the colour coding system in Malaysia for the prediction of risk in pregnancy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Mortality*
  11. Sutan R, Berkat S
    PMID: 25269390 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-14-342
    BACKGROUND: Cultural practice have often overlooked when providing maternal and child health care services. Low birth weight is the second cause of neonatal mortality in the world but it is a major factor in a developing country such as Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to predict the neonatal mortality among low birth weight babies in Aceh Province Indonesia.
    METHODS: Unmatched case control study was conducted using data from year 2010 to 2012 in 8 selected districts of Aceh Province Indonesia. A total of 500 samples were obtained. There were 250 of the samples died in neonatal period (case group) and 250 who were alive (control group). There were 26 variables studied and were grouped into 4 factors: neonatal factor, maternal factor, maternal and child health services and neonatal care practices. The data was analysed using bivariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression.
    RESULTS: There were 13 out of 26 variables found as determinant factors of neonatal mortality among low birth weight babies in Aceh Province. The predictors found in this study were: boy (aOR1.80, 95% CI: 1.09-2.96), moderate low birth weight (aOR17.84, 95% CI: 6.20-51.35), preterm (aOR1.84, 95% CI: 1.07- 3.17), presence of maternal illnesses (aOR1.87, 95% CI: 1.06-3.30), too short or too long birth interval (aOR1.80, 95% CI: 1.20-2.91), inappropriate antenatal care (aOR2.29, 95% CI: 1.34-3.91), inappropriate neonatal visit (aOR7.04, 95% CI: 3.67-13.49), not practicing kangaroo mother care (aOR15.32, 95% CI: 2.85-82.56), not using warm bottle padding (aOR20.70, 95% CI: 6.32-67.80), not practicing 'didaring' (aOR4.33, 95% CI: 1.83-10.19), late initiation of breastfeeding (aOR2.03, 95% CI: 1.09-3.80), discard colostrums (aOR3.53, 95% CI: 1.93-6.43) and not practicing exclusive breastfeeding (aOR5.58, 95% CI: 2.89-10.77).
    CONCLUSIONS: Cultural practices are strongly seen among Acehnese. Inappropriate antenatal care and neonatal care, late initiation of breastfeeding, discarding colostrums and not practicing exclusive breastfeeding were related to cultural practices. Improving knowledge heat preservation to prevent hypothermia using Kangaroo mother care, warm bottle padding and 'didaring' were proven methods to reduce neonatal mortality. Strengthening of health services in screening for high risk cases and anticipate intervention tailored to cultural practices are important to decrease neonatal mortality among low birth weight.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Mortality*
  12. Akseer N, Lawn JE, Keenan W, Konstantopoulos A, Cooper P, Ismail Z, et al.
    Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2015 Oct;131 Suppl 1:S43-8.
    PMID: 26433505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.03.017
    The end of the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) era was marked in 2015, and while maternal and child mortality have been halved, MGD 4 and MDG 5 are off-track at the global level. Reductions in neonatal death rates (age <1 month) lag behind those for post-neonates (age 1-59 months), and stillbirth rates (omitted from the MDGs) have been virtually unchanged. Hence, almost half of under-five deaths are newborns, yet about 80% of these are preventable using cost-effective interventions. The Every Newborn Action Plan has been endorsed by the World Health Assembly and ratified by many stakeholders and donors to reduce neonatal deaths and stillbirths to 10 per 1000 births by 2035. The plan provides an evidence-based framework for scaling up of essential interventions across the continuum of care with the potential to prevent the deaths of approximately three million newborns, mothers, and stillbirths every year. Two million stillbirths and newborns could be saved by care at birth and care of small and sick newborns, giving a triple return on investment at this key time. Commitment, investment, and intentional leadership from global and national stakeholders, including all healthcare professionals, can make these ambitious goals attainable.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Mortality
  13. Boo NY
    Med J Malaysia, 1992 Mar;47(1):56-9.
    PMID: 1387451
    A prospective study was carried out in the Maternity Hospital, Kuala Lumpur in 1989 to determine the morbidity and mortality of infants of diabetic mothers. Out of 24,856 neonates born during the study period, 54 neonates (2.2 per 1000 livebirths) were born to mothers who were diagnosed to have diabetes mellitus before the current pregnancy or who had impaired glucose tolerance test during the current pregnancy. Almost a third (29.6 percent) of these infants of diabetic mothers had birthweight of 4000 grams and above, and 37.0 percent of the 54 babies were large-for-gestational age. Hypoglycemia occurred in 9/54 (16.7 percent) of the neonates, respiratory distress syndrome in 5/54 (9.3 percent), shoulder dystocia in 7/54 (13.0 percent), and congenital abnormalities in 4/54 (7.4 percent). Three (5.6 percent) neonates died during the neonatal period. The results of this study suggest a need to intensify control of maternal diabetes mellitus during pregnancy in order to reduce the rates of morbidity and mortality of their infants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Mortality*
  14. Boo NY
    Singapore Med J, 1992 Feb;33(1):33-7.
    PMID: 1598605
    Between January 1989 to April 1990 (16 months), a prospective observational study was carried out on 329 consecutive very low birthweight (VLBW) less than or equal to 1500 grams) Malaysian neonates born in the Maternity Hospital, Kuala Lumpur before their first discharge from the hospital. The objectives of the study were to determine the common causes of early morbidity and mortality of this group of Malaysian neonates. The study shows that the incidence of Malaysian VLBW neonates was 9.9 per 1000 livebirths (95% confidence intervals 9.0 to 10.8). The mean duration of stay in the hospital was 19.3 days (SD = 21.4). One hundred and ninety-six (59.6 percent) of the VLBW neonates died. They accounted for 60 percent (196/334) of all neonatal deaths in the hospital during the study period. Mortality was significantly higher in neonates of birthweight less than 1000 grams (p less than 0.01) and of gestation of less than 33 weeks (p less than 0.001). The three most common clinical problems were respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (72.6 percent), septicemia (28.0 percent) and intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) (21.9 percent). Death occurred in 71.1 percent of the septicemic patients. The most common causative organisms of septicemia were multiresistant klebsiella (52.3 percent) and multiresistant acinetobacter (14.7 percent). RDS (33.2 percent), septicemia (29.6%) and IVH (17.9 percent) were the three most common causes of death. Improvement in the nursing staff situation and basic neonatal care facilities in this hospital and prevention of premature delivery could help to decrease morbidity and mortality in this group of neonates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Mortality*
  15. Murad MW, Abdullah ABM, Islam MM, Alam MM, Reaiche C, Boyle S
    J Public Health Policy, 2023 Jun;44(2):230-241.
    PMID: 37117262 DOI: 10.1057/s41271-023-00413-w
    We investigated the macroeconomic determinants of neonatal, infant, and under-five mortalities in Bangladesh for the period 1991-2018 and discuss implications of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3) and Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG 4) for developing countries. We used annual time series data and the econometric techniques of Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) regressions for analysis. Determinants most effective in combating neonatal, infant, and under-five mortalities include variables such as 'protecting newborns against tetanus', 'increasing healthcare expenditure', and 'making sure births are attended by skilled healthcare staff'. Employing more healthcare workers and assuring more and improved healthcare provisions can further reduce the neonatal, infant, and under-five mortalities. Developing countries with similar macroeconomic profiles can achieve similar SDG 3 and MDG 4 outcomes by emulating the policies and strategies Bangladesh applied to reducing child mortalities over the last three decades.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Mortality*
  16. Montgomery MR, Richards T, Braun HI
    J Am Stat Assoc, 1986 Jun;81(394):297-309.
    PMID: 12155406
    This study examines the possibility that estimation of the effect of breast-feeding on infant survival is affected by selection bias, in that children who are healthier at birth may be more likely to be breast-fed. Data are from the 1976 Malaysian Family Life Survey. "Ordinary logit models for breast-feeding and survival are estimated, and the results suggest that selection is indeed present. For example, children of higher birth weight appear to be more likely to be breast-fed and likely to survive. In addition, weight at birth and the duration of breast-feeding appear to be linked." Using birth weight as an indicator for the child's health, the authors conclude that "the direct influence of breast-feeding on survival remains of overwhelming importance even after corrections for selection bias are made."
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Mortality*
  17. Brehm U
    Soc Sci Med, 1993 May;36(10):1331-4.
    PMID: 8511619
    In Peninsular Malaysia child mortality rates (5q0) vary from 13 to 63 per thousand at district level. The spatial pattern is closely associated with the regional distribution of socio-economic factors. But due to multicollinearity it is difficult to isolate the influence of socio-economic variables from other variables by employing aggregated data. However, individual data collected in a case-control-study that was conducted in Perlis and Kuala Terengganu confirm the important role of socio-economic factors. So it should be possible to achieve a further reduction of child mortality by raising the income and educational level of the under-privileged groups. Apart from that, as the case of Perlis shows, the provision of family planning and preventive medical services may also contribute to lower child mortality independent from socio-economic changes. But, as the comparison with Kuala Terengganu shows, the utilization of family planning and preventive medical services is not only influenced by the accessibility to, but also by the socio-culturally determined acceptability of such services.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Mortality/trends*
  18. Brodie M
    DOI: 10.1177/146642403705800505
    Vital statistics in Malaya are of limited value but annual reports show that the infant mortality in Penang Municipality is 125, in Singapore Municipality 172.2, in the Straits Settlements 165.28, and in the State of Kedah 137 per thousand births. The tables show a similarity to those of large English towns fifty years ago.
    Poverty, ignorance and superstition account for many of these deaths and much maternal ill-health. Children are seldom taken out in infancy and houses are frequently dark, stuffy and closely-shuttered. Solid carbohydrate food is given to infants even during the first month. Congenital Syphilis causes a number of deaths and in an investigation in Singapore of mothers whose infants died in the first year of life 30.9 per cent. were Wassermann-positive.
    Increasing use is made of maternity wards in the Hospitals and in Kuala Lumpur there is a Chinese maternity hospital with a Chinese woman doctor on the staff. The infant death-rate among Malays is much higher than that of other races, who are more willing to make use of the hospitals.
    In the rural areas labour commonly takes place under the most primitive conditions with no help except that of an untrained handy-woman (bidan). A better midwifery service for these areas is gradually being developed and Malay women are being trained to replace the old "bidan" in the villages.
    Education is doing something to inculcate modern views on the bringing up of children. The teaching of personal hygiene to teachers and pupils in the vernacular girls' schools is proving of value, and the Girl Guide movement has given an added interest to this.
    Medical inspection of school children is more complete in the towns than in the rural areas. Dental caries, skin conditions, intestinal worms, and enlarged tonsils are common in the junior schools.
    Tables are given of vital statistics and records of school medical inspection from the reports of the health officers of the Straits Settlements, Singapore, and Kedah. W. H. Peacock.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Mortality
  19. Habicht JP, DaVanzo J, Butz WP
    Pediatrics, 1988 Mar;81(3):456-61.
    PMID: 3344191
    If they lived in households without piped water or a toilet, Malaysian infants who did not breast-feed were five times more likely to die after 1 week of age than those who breast-fed, when other significant factors affecting infant mortality were taken into account. This is double the relative risk associated with not breast-feeding for infants born into households with toilets, whether or not they had piped water. Analogously, improvements in toilet sanitation appear to have reduced mortality twice as much among infants who did not breast-feed as among those who did. These findings, from a retrospective survey of infants born to a probability sample of 1,262 women in peninsular Malaysia, confirm the pernicious synergistic effect of poor sanitation and nonbreastfeeding that was postulated previously on theoretical grounds. Promoting and maintaining high initiation of breast-feeding is thus particularly important where poor sanitation is prevalent. Even more affluent areas should not be neglected, however, because socioeconomic improvement, including improved environmental sanitation, is often accompanied by decreased breast-feeding. Although the risk to each nonbreast-fed infant was less in those areas, infants there were less likely to breast-feed in Malaysia, and hence they made up a significant proportion of lives that could be saved by breast-feeding.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Mortality*
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