MyMedR

Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 128 in total

Abstract:

Sort:

Fulltext Data on the mechanisms of antidiarrhoeal activity of methanol leaf extract of Combretum hypopilinum Diels (Combretaceae): Involvement of opioidergic and (α1 and β)-adrenergic pathways

Ahmad MH, Zezi AU, Anafi SB, Alhassan Z, Mohammed M, Danraka RN

Data Brief, 2021 Jun;36:107155.
PMID: 34041327 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107155

This article describes the dataset for the elucidation of the possible mechanisms of antidiarrhoeal actions of methanol leaves extract of Combretum hypopilinum (Diels) Combretaceae in mice. The plant has been used in traditional medicine to treat diarrhoea in Nigeria and other African countries. We introduce the data for the antidiarrhoeal activity of the methanol leaf extract of Combretum hypopilinum at 1,000 mg/kg investigated using charcoal meal test in mice with loperamide (5 mg/kg) as the standard antidiarrhoeal agent. To elucidate the possible mechanisms of its antidiarrhoeal action, naloxone (2 mg/kg), prazosin (1 mg/kg), yohimbine (2 mg/kg), propranolol (1 mg/kg), pilocarpine (1 mg/kg) and isosorbide dinitrate (150 mg/kg) were separately administered to different groups of mice 30 minutes before administration of the extract. Each mouse was dissected using dissecting set, and the small intestine was immediately removed from pylorus to caecum, placed lengthwise on moist filter paper and measured the distance travelled by charcoal relative to the length of the intestine using a calibrated ruler in centimetre. Besides, the peristaltic index and inhibition of charcoal movement of each animal were calculated and recorded. The methods for the data collection is similar to the one used to investigate the possible pathways involved in the antidiarrhoeal action of Combretum hypopilinum in mice in the research article by Ahmad et al. (2020) "Mechanisms of Antidiarrhoeal Activity of Methanol Leaf Extract of Combretum hypopilinum Diels (Combretaceae): Involvement of Opioidergic and (α1 and β)-Adrenergic Pathways" (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113750) [1]. Therefore, this datasets could form a basis for in-depth research to elucidate further the pharmacological properties of the plant Combretum hypopilinum and its bioactive compounds to develop standardized herbal product and novel compound for management of diarrhoea. It could also be instrumental for evaluating the plant's pharmacological potentials using other computational-based and artificial intelligence approaches, including predictive modelling and simulation.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestines
Fulltext Evaluation of insulin expression and secretion in genetically engineered gut K and L-cells

Ahmad Z, Rasouli M, Azman AZ, Omar AR

BMC Biotechnol, 2012 Sep 19;12:64.
PMID: 22989329 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-12-64

BACKGROUND: Gene therapy could provide an effective treatment of diabetes. Previous studies have investigated the potential for several cell and tissue types to produce mature and active insulin. Gut K and L-cells could be potential candidate hosts for gene therapy because of their special features.
RESULTS: In this study, we isolated gut K and L-cells to compare the potential of both cell types to produce insulin when exposed to similar conditions. The isolated pure K and L-cells were transfected with recombinant plasmids encoding insulin and with specific promoters for K or L-cells. Insulin expression was studied in response to glucose or meat hydrolysate. We found that glucose and meat hydrolysate efficiently induced insulin secretion from K and L-cells. However, the effects of meat hydrolysate on insulin secretion were more potent in both cells compared with glucose. Results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed that L-cells secreted more insulin compared with K-cells regardless of the stimulator, although this difference was not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: The responses of K and L-cells to stimulation with glucose or meat hydrolysate were generally comparable. Therefore, both K and L-cells show similar potential to be used as surrogate cells for insulin gene expression in vitro. The potential use of these cells for diabetic gene therapy warrants further investigation.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestines/cytology*
Fulltext Optimisation of the production of fish gelatine nanoparticles as a carrier for sunflower-derived biopeptide

Akbar, I., Jaswir, I., Jamal, P.

International Food Research Journal, 2020;27(1):171-181.
MyJurnal

Gelatine obtained from fish skin has become a potential source of preparing nanoparticles and
encapsulation of bioactive compounds. Within these fish skin, gelatine nanoparticles show
potent benefits for application in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. The encapsulated
bioactive ingredients within nanoparticles have improved bioavailability, delivery properties,
and solubility of the nutraceuticals within the human body and blood stream. Many of such
bioactive peptides (biopeptides) are potent antioxidants; and as oxidative stress is the main
cause of the onset of various chronic diseases, encapsulation of antioxidant biopeptides within
fish gelatine nanoparticles could be a potential remedy to prevent or delay the onset of such
diseases and for better health prospects. The purpose of the present work was to prepare a
simple, safe, and reproducible novel food delivery nanoparticle system encapsulating a desirable antioxidant biopeptide. An optimisation study was conducted to produce a desirable size
of gelatine nanoparticles which showed a higher encapsulation efficiency of an antioxidant
biopeptide. Sunflower biopeptide was chosen as the antioxidant biopeptide, as the activity of
this protein hydrolysate is quite high at DPPH of 89% and FRAP assay of 968 µm/L. Tilapia
fish was used as gelatine source at an average yield of the process at 10% wt/wt. Effects of
parameters such as pH, biopeptide concentration, and cross-linking agent ‘glutaraldehyde’ on
the size, stability, and encapsulation efficiency on the nanoparticles were studied. The average
diameter of the biopeptide loaded gelatine nanoparticle was between 228.3 and 1,305 nm.
Encapsulation efficiency was 76% at an optimal pH of 2, glutaraldehyde concentration of 2
mL, and biopeptide concentration of 0.1 mg/mL exhibited DPPH at 92% and FRAP assay of
978 µm/L. To understand the absorption of sunflower biopeptide in stomach, blood stream,
and biopeptide release of the gelatine nanoparticles, biopeptide loaded gelatine nanoparticles
were subjected to simulated gastrointestinal conditions mimicking human stomach and
intestine; and showed peptide release of 0.1464 and 0.277 mg/mL upon pepsin and pancreatin
digestion, respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestines
Molecular Modulation of Stress Induced to Abnormal Haematological Indices in Medical Students, Malaysian Perspective

Al-Hatamleh MAI, Baig AA, Simbak NB, Nadeem MI, Khan SU, Ariff TM

Pak J Biol Sci, 2017;20(10):478-488.
PMID: 30187724 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2017.478.488

Medical students in Malaysia and globally were considered among the most exposure groups in the community to stress due to several sources. The most significant and severe sources of stress in medical students is an academic sources, includes a lot of exams/tests, lack of time and facilities for entertainment, stay in a hostel, high parental expectations and vastness of syllabus, in addition to emotional problems and others personal sources. Stress is a very important issue that leads to a worsening of health problems. Stress develops in the body and leads to oxidative stress which in turn leads to a disorder in the whole body. Oxidative stress may lead to abnormal haematological indices elevated white blood cells (WBCs) count. Oxidative stress can lead to massive destruction of red blood cells (RBCs). The brain and the gastrointestinal system (GI) are intimately connected as one system. The brain has a direct impact on the GI tract. A stressful brain can send signals to the gut, just as a troubled intestine can send signals to the brain. Therefore, stress can be the cause of block the breakdown and assimilation of food for energy and nutriment. This malabsorption can then lead to a reciprocal negative effect to the stress and can be another cause of anaemia through malabsorption minerals and vitamins that are to erythropoiesis. So, stress can be one of the leading causes of anaemia among medical students. Stress is a chronic epidemic in the most medical students and can directly affect how well body works. This review article discovers the effect of stress in medical students that can be effect on their studies and further create researcher's interest to generate database that help to reduce stress response and bring about the empowerment of balanced life among Malaysian medical students besides the increasing level of health and academic performance.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestines
Intestinal spirochaetes (Brachyspira spp.) colonizing flocks of layer and breeder chickens in Malaysia

Amin MM, Phillips ND, La T, Robertson ID, Hampson DJ

Avian Pathol, 2014;43(6):501-5.
PMID: 25246135 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2014.966056

Avian intestinal spirochaetosis causes problems including delayed onset of lay and wet litter in adult chickens, and results from colonization of the caecae/rectum with pathogenic intestinal spirochaetes (genus Brachyspira). Because avian intestinal spirochaetosis has not previously been studied in South East Asia, this investigation was undertaken in Malaysia. Faecal samples were collected from 25 farms and a questionnaire was administered. Brachyspira species were detected by polymerase chain reaction in 198 of 500 (39%) faecal samples from 20 (80%) farms, including 16 (94%) layer and four (50%) breeder farms. Pathogenic Brachyspira pilosicoli was identified in five (29%) layer and two (25%) breeder farms whilst pathogenic Brachyspira intermedia was detected in nine (53%) layer and one (12.5%) of the breeder farms. Twelve (80%) layer farms had egg production problems and 11 (92%) were positive for Brachyspira: three (25%) for B. pilosicoli and six (50%) for B. intermedia. Of three breeder farms with egg production problems, one was colonized with B. pilosicoli. Three of ten layer farms with wet litter were positive for B. pilosicoli and six for B. intermedia. Of four breeder farms with wet litter, one was colonized with B. pilosicoli and one with B. intermedia. No significant associations were found between colonization and reduced egg production or wet litter, perhaps because so many flocks were colonized. A significant association (P = 0.041) occurred between a high prevalence of colonization and faecal staining of eggs. There were significant positive associations between open-sided housing (P = 0.006), and flocks aged >40 weeks (P < 0.001) and colonization by pathogenic species.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestines/microbiology
Sarcocystis myopathy in a patient with HIV-AIDS

Anderson D, Nathoo N, Lu JQ, Kowalewska-Grochowska KT, Power C

J Neurovirol, 2018 06;24(3):376-378.
PMID: 29508303 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-018-0620-x

Sarcocystosis is a zoonotic infection that causes intestinal and muscular illnesses in humans. Sarcocystosis was until recently considered rare in humans. To complete their life cycle, Sarcocystis species require both a definitive and an intermediate host. Humans are the definitive host when infected by one of two species: Sarcocystis hominis (from eating undercooked beef) or Sarcocystis suihominis (from eating uncooked pork). Infection with either of these species results in intestinal sarcocystosis, causing a self-limited disease characterized by nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Humans act as the intermediate host when infected by Sarcocystis nesbitti, resulting in the markedly different clinical picture of muscular sarcocystosis. Most documented cases of muscular sarcocystosis were assumed to be acquired in Malaysia, in addition to other regions of Southeast Asia and India. Published cases of muscular sarcocystosis from the Middle East, Central and South America, and Africa are all rare. Although the clinical presentation of muscular sarcocystosis remains to be fully characterized, fever, myalgia, and headache are among the most common symptoms. Here, we report a patient from sub-Saharan Africa with chronic Sarcocystis myopathy and well-controlled HIV-AIDS.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestines
Fulltext Cytotoxicity effect of degraded and undegraded kappa and iota carrageenan in human intestine and liver cell lines

Ariffin SH, Yeen WW, Abidin IZ, Abdul Wahab RM, Ariffin ZZ, Senafi S

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2014;14:508.
PMID: 25519220 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-508

Carrageenan is a linear sulphated polysaccharide extracted from red seaweed of the Rhodophyceae family. It has broad spectrum of applications in biomedical and biopharmaceutical field. In this study, we determined the cytotoxicity of degraded and undegraded carrageenan in human intestine (Caco-2; cancer and FHs 74 Int; normal) and liver (HepG2; cancer and Fa2N-4; normal) cell lines.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestines/drug effects*
Fulltext Encapsulation of Black Seed Oil in Alginate Beads as a pH-Sensitive Carrier for Intestine-Targeted Drug Delivery: In Vitro, In Vivo and Ex Vivo Study

Azad AK, Al-Mahmood SMA, Chatterjee B, Wan Sulaiman WMA, Elsayed TM, Doolaanea AA

Pharmaceutics, 2020 Mar 02;12(3).
PMID: 32131539 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030219

Black seed oil (BSO) has been used for various therapeutic purposes around the world since ancient eras. It is one of the most prominent oils used in nutraceutical formulations and daily consumption for its significant therapeutic value is common phenomena. The main aim of this study was to develop alginate-BSO beads as a controlled release system designed to control drug release in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Electrospray technology facilitates formulation of small and uniform beads with higher diffusion and swelling rates resulting in process performance improvement. The effect of different formulation and process variables was evaluated on the internal and external bead morphology, size, shape, encapsulation efficiency, swelling rate, in vitro drug release, release mechanism, ex vivo mucoadhesive strength and gastrointestinal tract qualitative and quantitative distribution. All the formulated beads showed small sizes of 0.58 ± 0.01 mm (F8) and spherical shape of 0.03 ± 0.00 mm. The coefficient of weight variation (%) ranged from 1.37 (F8) to 3.93 (F5) ng. All formulations (F1-F9) were studied in vitro for release characteristics and swelling behaviour, then the release data were fitted to various equations to determine the exponent (ns), swelling kinetic constant (ks), swelling rate (%/h), correlation coefficient (r2) and release kinetic mechanism. The oil encapsulation efficiency was almost complete at 90.13% ± 0.93% in dried beads. The maximum bead swelling rate showed 982.23 (F8, r2 = 0.996) in pH 6.8 and the drug release exceeded 90% in simulated gastrointestinal fluid (pH 6.8). Moreover, the beads were well distributed throughout various parts of the intestine. This designed formulation could possibly be advantageous in terms of increased bioavailability and targeted drug delivery to the intestine region and thus may find applications in some diseases like irritable bowel syndrome.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestines
PRIMARY VOLVULUS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

BALASEGARAM M

Med J Malaysia, 1963 Dec;18:122-4.
PMID: 14117280
Matched MeSH terms: Intestine, Small*; Intestines*
Diagnostics of intestinal parasites by light microscopy among the population of children between the ages of 4-12 in eastern Turkey

Babat SO, Sirekbasan S, Macin S, Kariptas E, Polat E

Trop Biomed, 2018 Dec 01;35(4):1087-1091.
PMID: 33601855

Intestinal parasitic infections are among important health problems in developing countries. In societies living in low socioeconomic conditions, it has been neglected and mostly affects children. It is important to determine the prevalence and type of intestinal parasites in order to determine the intervention strategies for these infections. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate intestinal parasite prevalence and IgE levels and the factors associated with the region in which the children population live, in Sirnak province, in the eastern of Turkey. A total of 357 symptomatic children aged 4 to 12 years, who were admitted to the Paediatric Polyclinic of Sirnak State Hospital, were examined prospectively. The collected stool samples were examined with direct wet-mount and concentration method under light microscope. In addition, total serum IgE levels were compared among 223 children with parasitic disease and 134 children without parasitic disease. One or more intestinal parasites were detected in 223 out of the 357 children participating in the study. The ratio of single, double, and triple parasitic infections in children was 32.5 %, 22.4 % and 7.6 %, respectively. The most common parasites determined in the study were Taenia spp. (39.9%), Enterobius vermicularis (38.6%) and Giardia intestinalis. (30 %). The difference between IgE levels determined in both groups was not regarded to be statistically significant. This study indicated that that intestinal polyparism is very common in children living in the province of Sirnak, which is located in the east of Turkey, neighbouring Iraq and Syria in the South. For this reason, sustainable control measures are urgently needed to improve personal hygiene and sanitation, to provide a healthy infrastructure and to improve the quality of existing water resources.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestines
Comparative lethality of tissue extracts from the Malaysian puffer fishes, Lagocephalus lunaris lunaris, L. l. Spadiceus and Arothron stellatus

Berry PY, Aziz bin Hassan A

Toxicon, 1973 Apr;11(3):249-54.
PMID: 4737282
Matched MeSH terms: Intestines
On the morphological variation of Euparadistomum species (Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae) from small mammals in Malaysia

Betterton C

J Helminthol, 1980 Dec;54(4):241-5.
PMID: 7194895

Euparadistomum is described from 7 species of small mammal in Malaysia. The worms display characteristics intermediate between E. buckleyi Singh and E. pearsoni Talbot particularly with regard to body shape and arrangement of vitelline fields. The nature of morphological variation is discussed and comment made on the possible life-cycle of the parasite.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestines/anatomy & histology
Fulltext Phytochemical Properties and Nutrigenomic Implications of Yacon as a Potential Source of Prebiotic: Current Evidence and Future Directions

Cao Y, Ma ZF, Zhang H, Jin Y, Zhang Y, Hayford F

Foods, 2018 Apr 12;7(4).
PMID: 29649123 DOI: 10.3390/foods7040059

The human gut is densely populated with diverse microbial communities that are essential to health. Prebiotics and fiber have been shown to possess the ability to modulate the gut microbiota. One of the plants being considered as a potential source of prebiotic is yacon. Yacon is an underutilized plant consumed as a traditional root-based fruit in South America. Yacon mainly contains fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin. Therefore, it has bifidogenic benefits for gut health, because FOS are not easily broken down by digestive enzymes. Bioactive chemical compounds and extracts isolated from yacon have been studied for their various nutrigenomic properties, including as a prebiotic for intestinal health and their antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. This article reviewed scientific studies regarding the bioactive chemical compounds and nutrigenomic properties of extracts and isolated compounds from yacon. These findings may help in further research to investigate yacon-based nutritional products. Yacon can be considered a potential prebiotic source and a novel functional food. However, more detailed epidemiological, animal, and human clinical studies, particularly mechanism-based and phytopharmacological studies, are lacking for the development of evidence-based functional food products.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestines
Caenorhabditis elegans-based analysis of Salmonella enterica

Chai-Hoon, K., Jiun-Horng, S., Shiran, M.S., Son, R., Sabrina, S., Noor Zaleha, A.S., et al.

International Food Research Journal, 2010;17(4):845-852.
MyJurnal

Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) have been widely used as an infection model for mammalian related pathogens with promising results. The bacterial factors required for virulence in non-mammalian host C. elegans play a role in mammalian systems. Previous reported that Salmonella found in vegetable and poultry meat could be potential health hazards to human. This study evaluated the pathogenicity of various serovars of Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) that recovered from local indigenous vegetables and poultry meat using C. elegans as a simple host model. Almost all S. enterica isolates were capable of colonizing the intestine of C. elegans, causing a significant reduction in the survival of nematodes. The colonization of Salmonella in C. elegans revealed that the ability of S. enterica in killing C. elegans correlates with its accumulation in the intestine to achieve full pathogenicity. Using this model, the virulence mechanisms of opportunistic pathogenic S. enterica were found to be not only relevant for the interactions of the bacteria with C. elegans but also with mammalian hosts including humans. Hence, C. elegans model could provide valuable insight into preliminary factors from the host that contributes to the environmental bacterial pathogenesis scenario.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestines
Diagnostic dilemma and challenges in management: Hirschsprung's disease, anal stenosis and reduced interstitial cells of Cajal enteric mesenchymopathy

Chan EEH, Merchant K, Othman MY, Laksmi NK

BMJ Case Rep, 2023 Apr 25;16(4).
PMID: 37185243 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-252484

Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is one of the most well-known gastrointestinal motility disorders. Diagnosis and management of other lesser-known motility disorders are often challenging and tedious. We describe a teenager who was severely constipated from birth and needed intensive care admissions for life-threatening enterocolitis. She also had concomitant anal stenosis. Several rectal biopsies were unable to yield a conclusive diagnosis. Surgical level of resection had to be identified based on the motility of the bowel as determined by transit studies using oral ingestion of a milk feed labelled with Technetium-99m colloid. After completion of all operative stages, histopathological examination of the excised specimens concluded that she had short-segment HD associated with reduced interstitial cells of Cajal in the large bowel. She is currently continent, evacuating voluntarily approximately four times a day and is relieved of all her symptoms.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestines
Cellular proteome alterations in response to enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 infections in neuronal and intestinal cell lines

Chan SY, Sam IC, Lai JK, Chan YF

J Proteomics, 2015 Jul 1;125:121-30.
PMID: 26003530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.05.016

Hand, foot and mouth disease is mainly caused by enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16), but EV-A71 is also associated with severe neurological complications. Host factors may contribute to the different clinical outcomes of EV-A71 and CV-A16 infections. A neurovirulent EV-A71 strain (EV-A71/UH1) from a fatal case, a non-neurovirulent EV-A71 strain (EV-A71/Sha66) and a CV-A16 strain (CV-A16/22159) from cases of uncomplicated HFMD were used. Replication of the viruses in SK-N-MC (neuronal) and HT-29 (intestinal) cell lines correlated with the severity of clinical disease associated with each virus. EV-A71/UH1 showed the greatest replication in neuronal cells. In HT-29 cells, both EV-A71 strains replicated well, but CV-A16/22159 showed no effective replication. The proteomes of mock and infected SK-N-MC and HT-29 cell lines were compared by 2D-SDS-PAGE. The differentially expressed proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis. There were 46 and 44 differentially expressed proteins identified from SK-N-MC and HT-29 cells, respectively, categorized under apoptosis, stress, cytoskeletal, energy metabolism proteins and others. Western blot validation showed that EV-A71/UH1 and CV-A16 also differentially induced proteins involved in viral RNA translation and host cell stress responses in neuronal and intestinal cell lines.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestines/metabolism*; Intestines/pathology
Construction and characterization of rtxA and rtxC mutants of auxotrophic O139 Vibrio cholerae

Cheong TG, Chan M, Kurunathan S, Ali SA, ZiNing T, Zainuddin ZF, et al.

Microb Pathog, 2010 Feb;48(2):85-90.
PMID: 19900531 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2009.11.001

Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes diarrheal disease. V. cholerae O1 and O139 serogroups are toxigenic and are known to cause epidemic cholera. These serogroups produce cholera toxin and other accessory toxins such as accessory cholera enterotoxin, zonula occludens toxin, and multifunctional, autoprocessing repeat in toxin (MARTX). In the present study, we incorporated mutated rtxA and rtxC genes that encode MARTX toxin into the existing aminolevulinic acid (ALA) auxotrophic vaccine candidate VCUSM2 of V. cholerae O139 serogroup. The rtxC mutant was named VCUSM9 and the rtxC/rtxA mutant was named VCUSM10. VCUSM9 and VCUSM10 were able to colonize intestinal cells well, compared with the parent vaccine strain, and produced no fluid accumulation in a rabbit ileal loop model. Cell rounding and western blotting assays indicated that mutation of the rtxC gene alone (VCUSM9 strain) did not abolish MARTX toxicity. However mutation of both the rtxA and rtxC genes (VCUSM10) completely abolished MARTX toxicity. Thus we have produced a new, less reactogenic, auxotrophic rtxC/rtxA mutated vaccine candidate against O139 V. cholerae.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestines/microbiology
Fulltext Characterisation of Drosophila Ubx CPTI000601 and hth CPTI000378 protein trap lines

Choo SW, Beh CY, Russell S, White R

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:191535.
PMID: 25389534 DOI: 10.1155/2014/191535

In Drosophila, protein trap strategies provide powerful approaches for the generation of tagged proteins expressed under endogenous control. Here, we describe expression and functional analysis to evaluate new Ubx and hth protein trap lines generated by the Cambridge Protein Trap project. Both protein traps exhibit spatial and temporal expression patterns consistent with the reported endogenous pattern in the embryo. In imaginal discs, Ubx-YFP is expressed throughout the haltere and 3rd leg imaginal discs, while Hth-YFP is expressed in the proximal regions of haltere and wing discs but not in the pouch region. The Ubx (CPTI000601) line is semilethal as a homozygote. No T3/A1 to T2 transformations were observed in the embryonic cuticle or the developing midgut. The homozygous survivors, however, exhibit a weak haltere phenotype with a few wing-like marginal bristles on the haltere capitellum. Although hth (CPTI000378) is completely lethal as a homozygote, the hth (CPTI000378) /hth (C1) genotype is viable. Using a hth deletion (Df(3R)BSC479) we show that hth (CPTI000378) /Df(3R)BSC479 adults are phenotypically normal. No transformations were observed in hth (CPTI000378), hth (CPTI000378) /hth (C1), or hth (CPTI000378) /Df(3R)BSC479 embryonic cuticles. We have successfully characterised the Ubx-YFP and Hth-YFP protein trap lines demonstrating that the tagged proteins show appropriate expression patterns and produce at least partially functional proteins.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestines/growth & development
Fulltext Intestinal Paneth cell differentiation relies on asymmetric regulation of Wnt signaling by Daam1/2

Colozza G, Lee H, Merenda A, Wu SS, Català-Bordes A, Radaszkiewicz TW, et al.

Sci Adv, 2023 Nov 24;9(47):eadh9673.
PMID: 38000028 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh9673

The mammalian intestine is one of the most rapidly self-renewing tissues, driven by stem cells residing at the crypt bottom. Paneth cells form a major element of the niche microenvironment providing various growth factors to orchestrate intestinal stem cell homeostasis, such as Wnt3. Different Wnt ligands can selectively activate β-catenin-dependent (canonical) or -independent (noncanonical) signaling. Here, we report that the Dishevelled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (Daam1) and its paralogue Daam2 asymmetrically regulate canonical and noncanonical Wnt (Wnt/PCP) signaling. Daam1/2 interacts with the Wnt inhibitor RNF43, and Daam1/2 double knockout stimulates canonical Wnt signaling by preventing RNF43-dependent degradation of the Wnt receptor, Frizzled (Fzd). Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that Paneth cell differentiation is impaired by Daam1/2 depletion because of defective Wnt/PCP signaling. Together, we identified Daam1/2 as an unexpected hub molecule coordinating both canonical and noncanonical Wnt, which is fundamental for specifying an adequate number of Paneth cells.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestines
Fulltext Influence of bacterial organic selenium on blood parameters, immune response, selenium retention and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens

Dalia AM, Loh TC, Sazili AQ, Samsudin AA

BMC Vet Res, 2020 Sep 29;16(1):365.
PMID: 32993790 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02587-x

BACKGROUND: Several studies indicated that dietary organic selenium (Se) usually absorbed better than an inorganic source, with high retention and bioavailability. Dietary Se as an antioxidant element affects the immune system and hematological status in animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of bacterial selenium as an organic source on hematology, immunity response, selenium retention, and gut morphology in broiler chickens.
RESULTS: The present results revealed that supplementation of inorganic Se was associated with the lowest level of RBC, HB, and PCV with significant difference than ADS18-Se. In the starter stage, both T2 and T5 were associated with the significantly highest IgG level compared to the basal diet, while all supplemented groups showed higher IgM levels compared to the control group. In the finisher phase, all Se supplemented groups showed significant (P ˂ 0.05) increases in IgG, IgA, and IgM levels compared to T1. Birds fed bacterial-Se showed high intestinal villus height and better Se retention more than sodium selenite. The organic selenium of ADS18 had a superior action in improving Se retention compared to ADS1 and ADS2 bacterial Se.
CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial organic Se had a beneficial effect on the villus height of small intestine led to high Se absorption and retention. Thus, it caused a better effect of Se on hematological parameters and immunity response.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestines/drug effects

Filters

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links