Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 114 in total

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  1. Singh M
    Med J Malaysia, 1985 Jun;40(2):136-8.
    PMID: 3834285
    A rare case of pilocarpine-induced retinal detachment occurring in the only useful myopic eye of a young Chinese woman is described. Problems of treating raised intraocular pressure in high-risk cases of retinal detachment are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intraocular Pressure
  2. Singh M, Chin SSH
    Med J Malaysia, 1986 Mar;41(1):38-43.
    PMID: 3796346
    Raised intraocular pressure (lOP) is generally held responsible for causing visual loss in chronic simple glaucoma. It is therefore desirable that a safe level of lOP be maintained all the time. Elevation of lOP with change of body position has been suggested as one of the factors which result in tissue damage in low tension as well as in primary wide open angle glaucoma. Postural behaviour of lOP was therefore studied in 58 normal and 30 glaucomatous Malaysian eyes. Clinical significance and possible pathogenesis of abnormal postural response of lOP has been discussed. More application of this simple procedure is advocated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intraocular Pressure*
  3. Singh M, Kaur B
    Int Ophthalmol, 1987 Jun;10(3):161-5.
    PMID: 3596909
    Twenty two Asian eyes suffering from open angle glaucoma were treated by argon laser trabeculoplasty and were followed for an average of eleven months. 77.27% of eyes were controlled with ALT alone. The pressure lowering effect of argon laser trabeculoplasty in this series was found to be consistent. Argon laser trabeculoplasty may become the preferred method of treating open angle glaucoma in the Asian population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intraocular Pressure
  4. Singh M, Kaur B
    Int Ophthalmol, 1992 May;16(3):163-6.
    PMID: 1452420
    Postural behaviour of intraocular pressure (IOP) was studied in 29 glaucomatous eyes before and after argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) and compared with that of 60 normal eyes. Although argon laser trabeculoplasty was successful in lowering the IOP below 21 mm Hg, it produced little effect on the postural behaviour of the IOP. No significant change was observed in the amplitude of postural rise of IOP in ALT treated eyes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intraocular Pressure/physiology*
  5. Tan AK, Azman A, Hoe TS, Rohana T
    Med J Malaysia, 1994 Dec;49(4):409-11.
    PMID: 7674978
    A six-year-old boy, a known case of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) on remission since 1991 presented with leukocoria and poor vision of the left eye for two days' duration. Examination revealed endophthalmitis in the left eye with raised intraocular pressure. Anterior chamber paracentesis with vitreous biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of ocular involvement. Further investigation revealed that he also had bone marrow and central nervous system relapse. Clinical manifestation and treatment modalities of ocular involvement in leukaemia are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intraocular Pressure
  6. Jaais F, Habib ZA
    Med J Malaysia, 1994 Dec;49(4):416-8.
    PMID: 7674980
    A patient on oral contraceptives over several years developed unilateral proptosis, haemorrhagic retinopathy and increase in intraocular pressure. An orbital vein venogram confirmed the diagnosis of right superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis. There was complete resolution of thrombosis and eye signs and symptoms with discontinuation of the oral contraceptive.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intraocular Pressure/drug effects
  7. Sharif FM, Selvarajah S
    Med J Malaysia, 1997 Mar;52(1):17-25.
    PMID: 10968049
    A clinical audit was conducted for a 4-year period at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Ophthalmology Department in which 61 eyes of adult patients with primary glaucoma underwent trabeculectomies without antimetabolites. At a 2-year follow-up duration, successful trabeculectomies as defined by intraocular pressure below 20 mm Hg without additional glaucoma medication were 62% for primary open-angle glaucoma, 48% for primary acute angle-closure glaucoma and 43% for chronic angle-closure glaucoma. 50.8% of eyes were without complications while 49.2% had complications. Shallow anterior chamber (22.9%) and hyphaema (19.7%) were the two commonest complications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intraocular Pressure
  8. Wong EY, Chew PT, Chee CK, Wong JS
    Am J Ophthalmol, 1997 Dec;124(6):797-804.
    PMID: 9402826
    PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of diode laser contact transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in Asian patients with refractory glaucoma by lower energy settings with an innovative probe featuring a glass ball tip that focused the laser beam onto the ciliary body.

    METHODS: This prospective clinical study included consecutive Asian patients with dark irides and confirmed for glaucoma. Only one eye of each patient was treated. Diode laser contact transscleral cyclophotocoagulation treatment was performed with the center of the probe placed 1.5 mm behind the limbus. About 30 pulses of 810-mm laser radiation (power, 1.8 to 2.0 W; duration, 0.3 to 0.5 second) were applied around the eye. Patients were examined at fixed postoperative intervals. Intraocular pressure levels and postoperative complications were recorded. The relation between patient and disease characteristics, total laser energy delivered, and intraocular pressure effects were analyzed.

    RESULTS: Thirty-three patients were studied, with a mean follow-up period of 9.4 months. An average 56% of patients showed a 30% or greater drop in intraocular pressure. About 38% of patients achieved sustained intraocular pressure lowering to below 22 mm Hg at 18 months. Complications were few and included transient hypotony and iritis.

    CONCLUSIONS: In Asian patients with refractory glaucoma or painful glaucomatous eyes with poor visual acuity (defined for this study as worse than 20/200), low-energy-setting diode laser contact transscleral cyclophotocoagulation by means of the glass ball probe is relatively effective and safe.

    Matched MeSH terms: Intraocular Pressure/physiology
  9. Chiu CL, Lang CC, Wong PK, Delilkan AE, Wang CY
    Anaesthesia, 1998 May;53(5):501-5.
    PMID: 9659028
    Forty patients without eye disease, undergoing elective nonophthalmic surgery, were studied in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study evaluating the efficacy of mivacurium pretreatment in attenuating the rise in intra-ocular pressure in response to suxamethonium administration, laryngoscopy and intubation. The patients were randomly allocated to receive either mivacurium 0.02 mg.kg-1 or normal saline as pretreatment 3 min before a rapid sequence induction technique using alfentanil, propofol and suxamethonium. Suxamethonium induced a significant increase in intra-ocular pressure in the control group but not in the mivacurium pretreatment group (mean (SEM) increase = 3.5 (1.2) mmHg vs. 0.4 (0.8) mmHg, p < 0.05). There was a decrease in intra-ocular pressure in both groups after laryngoscopy and intubation with no significant difference between the two groups. These results show that mivacurium pretreatment is effective in preventing the increase in intra-ocular pressure after suxamethonium administration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intraocular Pressure/drug effects*
  10. Chiu CL, Jaais F, Wang CY
    Br J Anaesth, 1999 May;82(5):757-60.
    PMID: 10536557
    We have compared the effect of rocuronium and succinylcholine on intraocular pressure (IOP) during rapid sequence induction of anaesthesia using propofol and fentanyl, in a randomized double-blind study. We studied 30 adult patients, allocated to one of two groups. Anaesthesia was induced with fentanyl 2 micrograms kg-1 and propofol until loss of verbal response. This was followed by succinylcholine 1.5 mg kg-1 (group S; n = 15) or rocuronium 0.9 mg kg-1 (group R; n = 15). Laryngoscopy was performed 60 s later. IOP, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured before induction, immediately before intubation and every minute after intubation for 5 min. A Keeler Pulsair air impulse tonometer was used to measure IOP and the mean of two readings obtained in the right eye at each measurement time was recorded. Intubating conditions were evaluated according to a simple scoring system. IOP in the succinylcholine group was significantly greater than that in the rocuronium group (mean 21.6 (SEM 1.4) mm Hg vs 13.3 (1.4) mm Hg; P < 0.001). Intubating conditions were equally good in both groups. We conclude that with rapid sequence induction of anaesthesia using propofol and fentanyl, rocuronium did not cause as great an increase in IOP as succinylcholine and may be an alternative in open eye injury cases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intraocular Pressure/drug effects*
  11. Lee FN, Kong VY, Lee GP, Ho KH, Choon SC, Hoh HB
    Med J Malaysia, 1999 Dec;54(4):438-41.
    PMID: 11072460
    A total of 114 patients (48 Chinese, 34 Malay and 32 Indian) undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with intraocular lens implantation, were enrolled. All were given 3 ml of local anaesthetic (combination of equal amounts of lignocaine 2% and bupivacaine 0.5%) using retrobulbar technique. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured at different time intervals; before, immediately after and 5 minutes after injection with Honan balloon compression. Mean IOP increased by 5.0 mmHg immediately after injection (p < 0.001) and reduced to baseline level after 5 minutes of external compression. Although there were no statistical difference in terms of IOP variation between sex and age groups, Chinese patients demonstrated the highest IOP rise following retrobulbar anaesthesia. This is the first study to demonstrate the influence of race in the IOP response with Chinese subjects having the highest IOP rise.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intraocular Pressure/drug effects*
  12. Teoh LO, Ishikawa H, Liebmann JM, Ritch R
    Arch. Ophthalmol., 2000 Jul;118(7):989-90.
    PMID: 10900117
    Matched MeSH terms: Intraocular Pressure
  13. Mohan SM, Reddy SC, Wei LY
    Int Ophthalmol, 2001;24(6):305-11.
    PMID: 14750567
    PURPOSE: To determine the effects of unilateral right/left nostril breathing (URNB/ULNB) and forced unilateral right/left nostril breathing (FURNB/FULNB) on intraocular pressure (IOP) and to examine the differences in the IOP during the various phases of nasal cycle.

    METHODS: Young healthy volunteers of either sex aged between 19-24 years, participated in the sessions using URNB/ULNB (n = 52) and FURNB/FULNB (n = 28). The nostril dominance was calculated from signals recorded on the PowerLab equipment, representing pressure changes at the end of the nostrils during respiration. The IOP was measured with Tono-Pen. The subjects were divided into 4 groups viz. right nostril dominant (RND), left nostril dominant (LND), transitional right nostril dominant (TRND) and transitional left nostril dominant (TLND) groups. The IOP data 'before and after' URNB/ULNB or FURNB/FULNB were compared by using paired t-test. The baseline data of IOP between the groups were analysed by using independent samples t-test.

    RESULTS: The URNB decreased the IOP in the LND and TLND (p < 0.01) and also in the RND (p < 0.05) groups but not significantly in the TRND group. The ULNB decreased the IOP in the RND group (p < 0.01) only. The FURNB significantly reduced the IOP (p < 0.05) only in the LND and RND groups. The FULNB decreased the IOP but not significantly. The baseline IOP did not differ significantly between the LND, RND, TLND and TRND groups.

    CONCLUSION: The URNB/FURNB reduced the IOP, while ULNB/FULNB failed to increase the IOP significantly. It is suggested that the lowering of IOP by URNB indicated sympathetic stimulation.

    Matched MeSH terms: Intraocular Pressure/physiology*
  14. Ong LB, Liza-Sharmini AT, Chieng LL, Cheong MT, Vengadasalam SR, Shin HC, et al.
    J Ocul Pharmacol Ther, 2005 Oct;21(5):388-94.
    PMID: 16245965
    The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of timolol gel-forming solution as a monotherapy and to compare the efficacy of timolol gel-forming solution morning instillation versus at night application in Asians with newly diagnosed open-angle glaucoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intraocular Pressure/drug effects
  15. Tajunisah I, Reddy SC, Fathilah J
    Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2007 Dec;245(12):1851-7.
    PMID: 17901971
    BACKGROUND: A case-controlled prospective study was conducted to evaluate the diurnal variation of intraocular pressure (IOP); the mean, the amplitude of variation and the peak and trough times of pressure readings in the suspected open-angle glaucoma patients as compared with a control group. We also looked at the outcome of these suspects after diurnal variation of IOP measurements.

    METHODS: Diurnal variation of intraocular pressure was measured in 202 eyes of suspected open-angle glaucoma patients and 100 control eyes, at 4-hourly intervals for 24 hours (phasing). Based on the phasing results, optic disc changes and visual field defects, the patients were diagnosed as primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), normal tension glaucoma (NTG), ocular hypertension (OHT), or physiologic cup (PC), or still remained as glaucoma suspects due to inconclusive diagnosis. The last group (glaucoma suspects) was then followed up 6-monthly for their eventual outcome.

    RESULTS: The highest percentage of suspected glaucoma patients had peak (maximum) readings in the mid-morning (10-11 A.M.) and trough (minimum) readings after midnight (2-3 A.M.); the highest percentage of control group had peak readings in the late evening (6-7 P.M.) and trough readings after midnight (2-3 A.M.). The mean amplitude of variance was 6 mm Hg in suspected glaucoma group and 4 mm Hg in the control group. After 'phasing', 18.8% of the suspected glaucoma patients were diagnosed as POAG, 16.8% as NTG, 5% as OHT, and 28.7% as physiologic cup; 30.9% remained as glaucoma suspects. After 4 years follow-up, 70% of the glaucoma suspects still remained as glaucoma suspects, 6.7% developed NTG and another 6.7% POAG; 16.6% were normal.

    CONCLUSIONS: Serial measurement of IOP ( phasing) in a 24-hour period is still needed, in order not to miss the peak and the trough IOP readings in suspected open-angle glaucoma patients, which helps in better management of glaucoma. Among 30.9% of patients who remained as glaucoma suspects after the initial phasing, 13.4% developed NTG/POAG over a period of 4 years.

    Matched MeSH terms: Intraocular Pressure/physiology*
  16. Sumasri K, Raju P, Aung T, Tin A, Wong TY
    Am J Ophthalmol, 2008 Apr;145(4):766-7; author reply 767.
    PMID: 18358854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.12.028
    Matched MeSH terms: Intraocular Pressure
  17. Amerasinghe N, Wong TY, Wong WL, Mitchell P, Shen SY, Loon SC, et al.
    Arch. Ophthalmol., 2008 Aug;126(8):1101-8.
    PMID: 18695105 DOI: 10.1001/archopht.126.8.1101
    To describe the distribution and determinants of the optic cup to disc ratio (CDR) in Malay adults in Singapore.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intraocular Pressure
  18. Patel DK, Ali NA, Iqbal T, Subrayan V
    Ann Ophthalmol (Skokie), 2008;40(3-4):177-9.
    PMID: 19230359
    Colloid cysts are rare intracranial tumors most commonly found in the third ventricle. We present a case of colloid cyst of the third ventricle that manifested as bilateral advance optic disc cupping, superior hemifield defects in the visual fields and normal intraocular pressure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intraocular Pressure
  19. Sharmini AT, Yin NY, Lee SS, Jackson AL, Stewart WC
    J Ocul Pharmacol Ther, 2009 Feb;25(1):71-5.
    PMID: 19232007 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2008.0061
    The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors for progression in chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intraocular Pressure/physiology*
  20. Agarwal R
    Medical Health Reviews, 2009;2009(1):75-93.
    MyJurnal
    Glaucoma, recognized as optic neuropathy is the second largest cause of blindness worldwide. The disease is characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells and visual field defects. The pathophysiological factors involved in the onset and progression of glaucoma are not fully understood. However, it is now well accepted that elevated intraocular pressure is not the only causative factor. The pathophysiology of glaucoma involves multiple factors that interact in a highly complex manner to favor development of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. As the knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved is expanding, more and more therapeutic targets are being recognized for the development of safe and effective pharmacotherapy of glaucoma. Although at present the intraocular pressure lowering drugs are still the first line of treatment, the prospect of introducing neuroprotective therapies that can directly protect and perhaps stimulate regeneration of dying and dead retinal ganglion cells, shows considerable promise. This review presents recent developments in the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of glaucoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intraocular Pressure
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