Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 34 in total

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  1. Serum thyrotropin levels of natives in Sarawak, Borneo Island
    Ogihara T, Yamamoto T, Fukuchi M, Oki K
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1972 Nov;35(5):711-5.
    PMID: 5071341
    Matched MeSH terms: Iodine Radioisotopes
  2. Fulltext Radionuclide therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma
    Sundram F
    Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2006 Jul;2(3):e40.
    PMID: 21614248 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.2.3.e40
    Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumour of the hepatocyte. It is a common malignancy worldwide and causes almost half a million deaths annually. Asia is a high risk area. Although surgery (hepatectomy or liver transplantation) is the main form of curative treatment, the majority of patients are not eligible for surgery due to extent of tumour and dysfunction of liver. Radiopharmaceuticals used for transarterial treatment of HCC were Yttrium-90 microspheres, Iodine-131 lipiodol, Rhenium-188 lipiodol, and Holmium-166 Chitosan complex. Yittrium-90 microspheres are glass or resin microspheres of mean sphere diameter of 20 to 30 micrometre. The activity administered was about 4 GBq. Reported response rate was about 20%, and median survival was 54 weeks. On inoperable tumours, reported objective response of I-131 lipiodol was 40 to 70%, and median survival was six to nine months. It showed efficacy similar to TACE. In adjuvant treatment following curative resection of HCC, reported three year survival was 86% compared with 46% for the control group. The administered activity in both adjuvant and inoperable HCC was about 2 GBq (55 mCi). Rhenium-188 lipiodol is a new radioconjugate, and using it we treated 70 patients with inoperable HCC. This treatment was a part of a multi-centre trial sponsored by the International Atomic Energy Agency. Partial response was obtained in 17% of cases, while 49% had stable disease at three months, and 34% showed disease progression. In terms of survival, 19% survived one year, 60% for six months, and 90% for three months. The mean activity was about 4.6 GBq (124 mCi). This method was safe and free from adverse effects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Iodine Radioisotopes
  3. Effectiveness of Zinc Supplementation on Lithium-Induced Alterations in Thyroid Functions
    Pathak R, Pathak A
    Biol Trace Elem Res, 2020 Aug 26.
    PMID: 32851540 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02356-9
    Lithium is an integral drug used in the management of acute mania, unipolar and bipolar depression, and prophylaxis of bipolar disorders. Thyroid abnormalities have been associated with treatment with lithium. Zinc is an essential trace element that plays a role in several biological activities. Therefore, the present study was aimed at investigating the potential role of zinc in the thyroid gland following lithium administration to explore the role of zinc under such conditions. To achieve this goal, male Wistar rats (150-195 g) were divided into four groups: Group 1 animals were fed standard pellet feed and tap water ad lib; Group 2 rats were fed lithium in the form of lithium carbonate through diet at a concentration of 1.1 g/kg body weight; Group 3 animals received zinc treatment in the form of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4·7H2O) at a dose level of 227 mg/L mixed with drinking water of the animals; and Group 4 animals were given lithium and zinc in a similar manner as was given to the animals belonging to groups 2 and 4 respectively. The role of zinc on thyroid functions in lithium-treated rats was studied after 2, 4, and 8 weeks of different treatments. Zinc has been observed to have the capability to nearly normalize the altered 2-h uptake of 131I, biological and effective half-lives of 131I, and circulating T4 levels that were altered after lithium treatment. The present study concludes that zinc may be an effective agent in normalizing the adverse effects caused by lithium on thyroid functions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Iodine Radioisotopes
  4. Clinical determinants of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in differentiated thyroid cancer patients with elevated thyroglobulin and negative (131)iodine whole body scans after (131)iodine therapy
    Shamim SE, Nang LB, Shuaib IL, Muhamad NA
    Malays J Med Sci, 2014 May;21(3):38-46.
    PMID: 25246834
    A cross-sectional prospective study has been conducted on differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients using negative (131)Iodine ((131)I) whole body scans and elevated thyroglobulin (Tg) levels. The main objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of the conversion of differentiated to dedifferentiated thyroid cancer patients during follow up at the Hospital Kuala Lumpur. It has been demonstrated that fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake is inversely proportional to the iodine concentration and to differentiation of the cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Iodine Radioisotopes
  5. Pre-ablative diagnostic whole-body scan following total thyroidectomy for well-differentiated thyroid cancer: is it necessary?
    Teoh CM, Rohaizak M, Chan KY, Jasmi AY, Fuad I
    Asian J Surg, 2005 Apr;28(2):90-6.
    PMID: 15851360
    This study reviewed the incidence of positive pre-ablative diagnostic scan after total thyroidectomy and the efficacy of the current ablative dose. The predictive factors for outcome using a standard ablative dose and postoperative complications of total thyroidectomy were also examined.
    Matched MeSH terms: Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use
  6. The quantification of PET-CT radiotracers to determine minimal scan time using quadratic formulation
    Said MA, Musarudin M, Zulkaffli NF
    Ann Nucl Med, 2020 Dec;34(12):884-891.
    PMID: 33141408 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-020-01543-x
    OBJECTIVE: 18F is the most extensively used radioisotope in current clinical practices of PET imaging. This selection is based on the several criteria of pure PET radioisotopes with an optimum half-life, and low positron energy that contributes to a smaller positron range. In addition to 18F, other radioisotopes such as 68Ga and 124I are currently gained much attention with the increase in interest in new PET tracers entering the clinical trials. This study aims to determine the minimal scan time per bed position (Tmin) for the 124I and 68Ga based on the quantitative differences in PET imaging of 68Ga and 124I relative to 18F.

    METHODS: The European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) procedure guidelines version 2.0 for FDG-PET tumor imaging has adhered for this purpose. A NEMA2012/IEC2008 phantom was filled with tumor to background ratio of 10:1 with the activity concentration of 30 kBq/ml ± 10 and 3 kBq/ml ± 10% for each radioisotope. The phantom was scanned using different acquisition times per bed position (1, 5, 7, 10 and 15 min) to determine the Tmin. The definition of Tmin was performed using an image coefficient of variations (COV) of 15%.

    RESULTS: Tmin obtained for 18F, 68Ga and 124I were 3.08, 3.24 and 32.93 min, respectively. Quantitative analyses among 18F, 68Ga and 124I images were performed. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast recovery coefficients (CRC), and visibility (VH) are the image quality parameters analysed in this study. Generally, 68Ga and 18F gave better image quality as compared to 124I for all the parameters studied.

    CONCLUSION: We have defined Tmin for 18F, 68Ga and 124I SPECT CT imaging based on NEMA2012/IEC2008 phantom imaging. Despite the long scanning time suggested by Tmin, improvement in the image quality is acquired especially for 124I. In clinical practice, the long acquisition time, nevertheless, may cause patient discomfort and motion artifact.

    Matched MeSH terms: Iodine Radioisotopes/chemistry
  7. Fulltext Cardiac Iodine-123-Meta-Iodo-Benzylguanidine Uptake in Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity
    Tan MP, Murray A, Hawkins T, Chadwick TJ, Kerr SR, Parry SW
    PLoS One, 2015;10(6):e0126241.
    PMID: 26057525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126241
    Carotid sinus syndrome is the association of carotid sinus hypersensitivity with syncope, unexplained falls and drop attacks in generally older people. We evaluated cardiac sympathetic innervation in this disorder in individuals with carotid sinus syndrome, asymptomatic carotid sinus hypersensitivity and controls without carotid sinus hypersensitivity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Iodine Radioisotopes/metabolism*
  8. Fulltext Clinical use of PET/CT in thyroid cancer diagnosis and management
    Sundram F
    Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2006 Oct;2(4):e56.
    PMID: 21614336 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.2.4.e56
    The incidence of thyroid cancer is low, but when it occurs, it is mainly of the papillary histopathological type. Although PET/CT has a limited role in the diagnosis, it plays a significant role in the overall post-surgery management of a patient with thyroid cancer. This follow-up role is important, especially in patients with elevated serum thyroglobulin, but negative radioiodine whole body scans. There is increasing evidence that PET/CT should be a part of routine care in the Tg positive Radioiodine scan negative patient.
    Matched MeSH terms: Iodine Radioisotopes
  9. Fulltext The use of SPECT-CT improves accuracy of post-radioiodine therapy imaging and changes the management strategy in a case of advanced follicular thyroid carcinoma
    Wong TH, Amir Hassan SZ
    Med J Malaysia, 2015 Dec;70(6):356-7.
    PMID: 26988209
    This is a case of follicular thyroid carcinoma with extensive lung, bone and brain metastases. Multi-modality treatments including total thyroidectomy, modified radical neck dissection, cranial radiotherapy and Iodine-131 (RAI) therapy were instituted. Post RAI therapy planar whole body scan showed RAI avid metastases in the skull, cervical spine, bilateral lungs and abdomen. With the use of SPECTCT imaging, rare adrenal metastasis and additional rib metastasis were identified. Besides, management strategy was altered due to detection of non-RAI avid brain and lung metastatic lesions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Iodine Radioisotopes
  10. The incidence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis in Malaysia
    Cunningham IG, Yong NK
    Br J Surg, 1974 Jun;61(6):482-3.
    PMID: 4835202
    Matched MeSH terms: Iodine Radioisotopes
  11. A rare case of minimally invasive follicular thyroid cancer with intraluminal superior vena cava and right atrium metastases
    Khoo ACH, Chen SL
    World J Nucl Med, 2019 9 14;18(3):301-303.
    PMID: 31516376 DOI: 10.4103/wjnm.WJNM_43_18
    Follicular thyroid cancers are known to spread hematogenously to the bones and lungs and rarely presenting with massive angioinvasion. We report a case of a middle-aged female who had undergone total thyroidectomy for minimally invasive follicular thyroid cancer with angioinvasion in 2014. She was noted to have a large tumor thrombus extending from the superior vena cava to the right atrium on whole body scan post-Iodine-131 (131I) remnant ablation therapy. We discuss the various imaging modalities, treatment options, and difficulties in managing such massive angioinvasion in patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Iodine Radioisotopes
  12. Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy
    Zainuddin Z, Shaker AAH
    Family Physician, 2005;13(3):2-4.
    MyJurnal
    Thyroid diseases are common in women, including at the time of pregnancies. Many typical features of hyperthyroidism are common in normal pregnancies and this may delay or mask the diagnosis. Uncontrolled thyrotoxicosis increases the rate of miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), premature labour and perinatal mortality. Multi-disciplinary efforts are required to achieve optimal control of thyrotoxicosis. Anti-thyroid drugs are safe and should be used with the lowest possible doses. Radioiodine treatment is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation. Indications of surgery include: compression symptoms, thyroid malignancy, non-compliance to medications or when the patient develop drugs side effects
    Matched MeSH terms: Iodine Radioisotopes
  13. Features of post-radioiodine whole body scan in non-invasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP)
    Wong TH, Tan TH, Chin SC, Lee BN
    Med J Malaysia, 2018 06;73(3):181-182.
    PMID: 29962506
    Recently, encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma has been reclassified as non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) to emphasize the benign nature of this entity. In our institution, we have assessed 455 patients treated with radioiodine ablation for differentiated thyroid carcinoma and 20 of them were retrospectively found to fulfill the new NIFTP criteria. There was no evidence of metastasis on post radioiodine whole body scans for NIFTP cases and these patients were in remission subsequently. The benign features of these patients' whole body scans and good clinical outcome following treatment further support NIFTP as a low risk thyroid neoplasm.
    Matched MeSH terms: Iodine Radioisotopes
  14. Staff and ambient radiation dose resulting from therapeutic nuclear medicine procedures
    Alkhorayef M, Sulieman A, Mohamed-Ahmed M, Al-Mohammed HI, Alkhomashi N, Sam AK, et al.
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2018 Nov;141:270-274.
    PMID: 30145016 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.07.014
    With associated cure rates in excess of 90%, targeted 131I radioactive iodine therapy has clearly improved thyroid cancer survival. Thus said, potential radiation risks to staff represent a particular concern, current study seeking to determine the radiation exposure of staff from 131I patients during hospitalization, also estimating accumulated dose and related risk to staff during preparation of the radioactive iodine. In present study made over the three-month period 1st February to 1st May 2017, a total of 69 patient treatments were investigated (comprising a cohort of 46 females and 23 males), this being a patient treatment load typically reflective of the workload at the particular centre for such treatments. The patients were administered sodium iodide 131I, retained in capsules containing activities ranging from 370 to 5550 MBq at the time of calibration, radioiodine activity depends on many factors such as gender, clinical indication, body mass index and age. The staff radiation dose arising from each patient treatment was measured on three consecutive days subsequent to capsule administration. In units of µSv, the mean and dose-rates range at distances from the patients of 5 cm, 1 m and 2 m were 209 ± 73 (165-294), 6.8 ± 2 (5.3-9.5) and 0.9 ± 0.3 (0.7-1.2). The annual dose (also measured in units of µSv), based on annual records of doses, for medical physicists, technologists and nurses were 604, 680 and 1000 µSv respectively. In regard to current practice and workload, staff exposures were all found to be below the annual dose limit for radiation workers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Iodine Radioisotopes
  15. Fulltext Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Presenting with Chronic Cough and Hemoptysis in Primary Care: A Case Report
    Abd Hamid MF, Abdul Razak S, Azraai AM, Miptah HN
    Am J Case Rep, 2023 Nov 10;24:e941089.
    PMID: 37946402 DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.941089
    BACKGROUND The article discusses an unusual case of papillary thyroid carcinoma in which chronic cough and hemoptysis were the predominant symptoms. While the more common causes of hemoptysis are pulmonary in origin, extrapulmonary etiologies have been reported, including thyroid carcinoma. The clinical presentation of thyroid malignancy in this case mimics many other common disorders, such as pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchogenic carcinoma, bronchiectasis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Hence, making it challenging to suspect early when patients present to primary care. CASE REPORT A 54-year-old woman presented with a chronic cough and hemoptysis in our Primary Care Medicine Clinic. While initial assessments in the primary care medicine clinic yielded no remarkable findings, a subsequent high-resolution computed tomography scan of the thorax uncovered a thyroid lesion. Subsequent evaluation in the hospital setting included an ultrasound examination, revealing multiple thyroid nodules, and fine needle aspiration that confirmed papillary thyroid carcinoma. She underwent total thyroidectomy with central and left lateral neck dissection, complicated by left vocal cord palsy. She received 2 cycles of periodic radioactive iodine therapy and injection laryngoplasty postoperatively. There was no evidence of iodin avid disease and recurrence of hemoptysis after surgery. CONCLUSIONS This case report emphasizes the significance of considering papillary thyroid carcinoma when assessing hemoptysis in the primary care setting, as early detection and treatment of it would result in a better outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Iodine Radioisotopes
  16. Incidental Finding of Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma of the Ovary on 131I Whole-Body Scan
    Mohd Rohani MF, Amir Hassan SZ
    Clin Nucl Med, 2022 Jan 01;47(1):e20-e22.
    PMID: 34028418 DOI: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000003698
    A 57-year-old woman was referred for radioactive iodine therapy 12 weeks after completion thyroidectomy and left modified radical neck dissection for pT2N1Mx follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma. After 4 weeks of l-thyroxine withdrawal, stimulated serum thyroglobulin level was less than 0.1 ng/mL with positive thyroglobulin antibody. Posttherapy 131I scintigraphy with SPECT/CT of the head and abdominopelvic region showed thyroid residual in the neck, occipital bone metastasis, and heterogenous tracer uptake in a large peritoneal mass, likely arising from the left ovary. Left salpingo-oophorectomy was performed, and histopathologic examination revealed endometrioid carcinoma of left ovary.
    Matched MeSH terms: Iodine Radioisotopes
  17. Fulltext Results of long-term follow-up after compensated fixed-dose therapy for thyrotoxicosis
    Zaini A, Khir A, Doi SA, Chan SP, Paramsothy M, Khoo BH
    J Int Med Res, 1992 Jun;20(3):279-88.
    PMID: 1397673
    To evaluate the effects of simple compensated fixed-dose iodine-131 therapy for thyrotoxicosis, the long-term results for 74 patients treated with a fixed dose of iodine-131 ranging from 5 to 12 mCi (185 to 444 MBq) were evaluated in the first 2 years of a trial. The dose selected was loosely based on the gross size of the thyroid gland. Routine antithyroid drug therapy was given for a minimum of 3 months after iodine-131 therapy. The mean (+/- SD) duration of follow-up was 74.5 +/- 42 months. The results indicated that roughly 25% of patients treated in this way will become hypothyroid after 5 years and that 85% are cured (need no further therapy during the follow-up period) using a single dose of iodine-131. Of those cured using a single iodine-131 dose, 81% were no longer receiving drugs after 6 months and 85% after 1 year. Such a regimen seems currently to be among the best available where prolonged periods of medication-free euthyroidism after therapy are sought.
    Matched MeSH terms: Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use*
  18. Concurrent Benign Iodine-Avid Thymic and Liver Cysts Mimicking Metastatic Disease on 131I Whole-Body Scintigraphy
    Kamarulzaman K, Mohd Rohani MF, Mat Nawi N, Amir Hassan SZ
    Clin Nucl Med, 2024 Mar 01;49(3):250-252.
    PMID: 38306377 DOI: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000005037
    A 57-year-old woman received radioiodine therapy post total thyroidectomy for pT3aNxMx follicular thyroid carcinoma. Posttherapy 131I whole-body scan showed 131I concentration in the chest, mediastinum, and left upper thigh with stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg) of 89 μg/L. Subsequent radioiodine therapies showed persistent 131I accumulation in the anterior mediastinal soft tissue lesions and a hypodense segment VII liver lesion visualized on SPECT/CT, suggestive of iodine-avid metastatic disease despite the undetectable serum Tg (<1.0 μg/L) with no Tg antibody interference. Biopsy of the liver lesion revealed liver cyst, and consequent removal of the mediastinal lesions showed benign thymic cysts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use
  19. An overview of current knowledge concerning the health and environmental consequences of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident
    Aliyu AS, Evangeliou N, Mousseau TA, Wu J, Ramli AT
    Environ Int, 2015 Dec;85:213-28.
    PMID: 26425805 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.020
    Since 2011, the scientific community has worked to identify the exact transport and deposition patterns of radionuclides released from the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) in Japan. Nevertheless, there still remain many unknowns concerning the health and environmental impacts of these radionuclides. The present paper reviews the current understanding of the FDNPP accident with respect to interactions of the released radionuclides with the environment and impacts on human and non-human biota. Here, we scrutinize existing literature and combine and interpret observations and modeling assessments derived after Fukushima. Finally, we discuss the behavior and applications of radionuclides that might be used as tracers of environmental processes. This review focuses on (137)Cs and (131)I releases derived from Fukushima. Published estimates suggest total release amounts of 12-36.7PBq of (137)Cs and 150-160PBq of (131)I. Maximum estimated human mortality due to the Fukushima nuclear accident is 10,000 (due to all causes) and the maximum estimates for lifetime cancer mortality and morbidity are 1500 and 1800, respectively. Studies of plants and animals in the forests of Fukushima have recorded a range of physiological, developmental, morphological, and behavioral consequences of exposure to radioactivity. Some of the effects observed in the exposed populations include the following: hematological aberrations in Fukushima monkeys; genetic, developmental and morphological aberrations in a butterfly; declines in abundances of birds, butterflies and cicadas; aberrant growth forms in trees; and morphological abnormalities in aphids. These findings are discussed from the perspective of conservation biology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Iodine Radioisotopes/analysis
  20. Fulltext The minimum amount of fluids needed to achieve the fastest time to reach permissible level for release in well-differentiated thyroid patients undergoing high-dose I-131 therapy
    Cheen Hoe AK, Fong LY, Halim FNA, Fatt QK, Hamzah F
    World J Nucl Med, 2018 7 24;17(3):182-187.
    PMID: 30034283 DOI: 10.4103/wjnm.WJNM_59_17
    Radioiodine (131I) therapy is the mainstay of treatment for patients who had undergone total thyroidectomy for well differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Increased fluid intake has always been encouraged to minimize the risk of non-target organ exposure to I-131radiation. This study aimed to determine the minimum amount of fluids needed for patients to have the fastest time to achieve permissible level for release after high dose I-131therapy.

    METHODOLOGY: All the patients who were treated with high dose I-131from 18th January 2016 till 31st December 2016 in Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia were recruited. The data from 126 patients on thyroxine hormone withdrawal (THW) group and 18 patients on recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone (rhTSH) group were analysed. There is no change in patient management in terms of preparation, dose or post therapy whole-body scan. Fluid intake of patients were monitored strictly and whole-body retention of I-131are measured using ionizing chamber meter immediately after ingestion of I-131then at 1 hour, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours and 96 hours.

    RESULTS: The median time to achieve permissible release limit (50 μSV/hr at 1 meter) was 21.6 hours and 22.1 hours post-ingestion of I-131in the THW and rhTSH group respectively. The minimum amount of fluid needed to reach permissible release limit in the fastest time was 2,103 ml and 2,148ml for the THW and TSH respectively.

    CONCLUSION: Clinicians would be able to evidently advise their patient on the amount of fluid to consume and utilize their isolation wards faster to treat more patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Iodine Radioisotopes
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