Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 41 in total

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  1. Siong FT, Kim TW, Kim SC, Lee ES, Jaffar MSA, Lee YS
    J Arthroplasty, 2020 02;35(2):380-387.
    PMID: 31587980 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2019.09.005
    BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to (1) describe our functional stepwise multiple needle puncturing (MNP) technique as the final step in medial ligament balancing during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and (2) evaluate whether this technique can provide sufficient medial release with safety.

    METHODS: A total of 137 patients with 212 consecutive knees who underwent TKAs with or without functional stepwise MNP of superficial medial collateral ligament was recruited in this prospective cohort. Eighty-one patients with 129 knees who performed serial stress radiographs were enrolled in the final assessment. Superficial medial collateral ligament was punctured selectively (anteriorly or posteriorly or both) and sequentially depending on the site and degree of tightness. Mediolateral stability was assessed using serial stress radiographs and comparison was performed between the MNP and the non-MNP groups at postoperative 6 months and 1 year. Clinical outcomes were also evaluated between 2 groups.

    RESULTS: Fifty-five TKAs required additional stepwise MNP (anterior needling 19, posterior needling 3, both anterior and posterior needling 33). Preoperative hip-knee-ankle angle and the difference in varus-valgus stress angle showed significant difference between the MNP and the non-MNP groups, respectively (P = .009, P = .037). However, there was no significant difference when comparing the varus-valgus stress angle between the MNP and the non-MNP groups during serial assessment. Clinical outcomes including range of motion also showed no significant differences between the 2 groups.

    CONCLUSION: Functional medial ligament balancing with stepwise MNP can provide sufficient medial release with safety in TKA with varus aligned knee without clinical deterioration or complication such as instability.

    LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, Prospective cohort study.

    Matched MeSH terms: Knee Joint/surgery
  2. Yeak RDK, Yap YY, Nizlan NM
    JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc, 2020 Dec 31;58(232):1083-1085.
    PMID: 34506395 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.5224
    Quadriceps tendon rupture usually occurs in adults and is rare in children. A six-year-old boy was playing at home and had a fall. He was unable to extend his right knee but there was no gap felt over the patella tendon or quadriceps. He was first seen by a family doctor and presented late to the surgeon three months after the injury. Radiographs and ultrasound were performed. The magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the findings of partial quadriceps tear. The patient was put in a cylinder case with the knee in extension for two months. Six months post-injury, he regained full range of motion without any complications. We present an unusual case of partial quadriceps tear in an otherwise healthy six-year-old boy that was treated successfully despite a delayed presentation. Besides a high index of suspicion, magnetic resonance imaging is a good modality to detect partial quadriceps tear in children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Knee Joint/surgery
  3. Hussin MS, Fernandez J, Ramezani M, Kumar P, Kelly PA
    Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin, 2020 Mar;23(4):143-154.
    PMID: 31928215 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2019.1709118
    Osteoarthritis (OA) is a commonly occurring cartilage degenerative disease. The end stage treatment is Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), which can be costly in terms of initial surgery, but also in terms of revision knee arthroplasty, which is quite often required. A novel conceptual knee implant has been proposed to function as a reducer of stress across the joint surface, to extend the period of time before TKA becomes necessary. The objective of this paper is to develop a computational model which can be used to assess the wear arising at the implant articulating surfaces. Experimental wear coefficients were determined from physical testing, the results of which were verified using a semi-analytical model. Experimental results were incorporated into an anatomically correct computational model of the knee and implant. The wear-rate predicted for the implant was 27.74 mm3 per million cycles (MC) and the wear depth predicted was 1.085 mm/MC. Whereas the wear-rate is comparable to that seen in conventional knee implants, the wear depth is significantly higher than for conventional knee prostheses, and indicates that, in order to be viable, wear-rates should be reduced in some way, perhaps by using low-wear polymers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Knee Joint/surgery
  4. Yeow C, Chin CH, Ong PH
    Med J Malaysia, 1995 Dec;50(4):414-6.
    PMID: 8668066
    Giant cell tumour of bone occurring around the knee is fairly common and can be difficult to manage. We report a case of such tumour involving the distal femur which was successfully treated with complete excision followed by arthrodesis of the knee with a long interlocking intramedullary nail.
    Matched MeSH terms: Knee Joint/surgery*
  5. Yoon KH, Lee HW, Park SY, Yeak RDK, Kim JS, Park JY
    Am J Sports Med, 2020 08;48(10):2370-2375.
    PMID: 32692971 DOI: 10.1177/0363546520938771
    BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical score and stability after meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) after a previous anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

    HYPOTHESIS: Medial MAT would improve anteroposterior stability, and lateral MAT would improve rotational stability.

    STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

    METHOD: We retrospectively investigated 31 cases of MAT after a previous total or nearly total meniscectomy and ACL reconstruction between November 2008 and June 2017. Cases were divided into medial (16 cases) and lateral (15 cases) MAT groups. The patients were assessed preoperatively and at the 2-year follow-up.

    RESULTS: In the medial MAT group, the International Knee Documentation Committee, Lysholm, Lysholm instability, and Tegner scores improved significantly at the 2-year follow-up, and there were also significant improvements in the anterior drawer, Lachman, and pivot-shift tests. In the lateral MAT group, the Lysholm and Tegner scores improved significantly at the 2-year follow-up, as had the anterior drawer and Lachman tests but not the pivot-shift test. The medial MAT group showed significant improvement in side-to-side difference on Telos stress radiographs, from 6.5 mm (preoperatively) to 3.6 mm (2-year follow-up) (P = .001), while the lateral MAT group showed no significant change. There was no progression of arthritis in either group.

    CONCLUSION: Medial MAT improved not only anteroposterior stability but also rotational stability in the meniscus-deficient ACL-reconstructed knee. Lateral MAT showed improvements in the anterior drawer and Lachman tests but not in the pivot-shift test or side-to-side difference on Telos stress radiographs in meniscus-deficient ACL-reconstructed knees. Instability and pain are indications for MAT in meniscus-deficient ACL-reconstructed knees.

    Matched MeSH terms: Knee Joint/surgery
  6. Saw KY, Anz AW, Ng RC, Jee CS, Low SF, Dorvault C, et al.
    Arthroscopy, 2021 08;37(8):2502-2517.
    PMID: 34265388 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.01.067
    PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intra-articular injections of autologous peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) plus hyaluronic acid (HA) after arthroscopic subchondral drilling into massive chondral defects of the knee joint and to determine whether PBSC therapy can improve functional outcome and reduce pain of the knee joint better than HA plus physiotherapy.

    METHODS: This is a dual-center randomized controlled trial (RCT). Sixty-nine patients aged 18 to 55 years with International Cartilage Repair Society grade 3 and 4 chondral lesions (size ≥3 cm2) of the knee joint were randomized equally into (1) a control group receiving intra-articular injections of HA plus physiotherapy and (2) an intervention group receiving arthroscopic subchondral drilling into chondral defects and postoperative intra-articular injections of PBSCs plus HA. The coprimary efficacy endpoints were subjective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)-pain subdomain measured at month 24. The secondary efficacy endpoints included all other KOOS subdomains, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) scores.

    RESULTS: At 24 months, the mean IKDC scores for the control and intervention groups were 48.1 and 65.6, respectively (P < .0001). The mean for KOOS-pain subdomain scores were 59.0 (control) and 86.0 (intervention) with P < .0001. All other KOOS subdomain, NRS, and MOCART scores were statistically significant (P < .0001) at month 24. Moreover, for the intervention group, 70.8% of patients had IKDC and KOOS-pain subdomain scores exceeding the minimal clinically important difference values, indicating clinical significance. There were no notable adverse events that were unexpected and related to the study drug or procedures.

    CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic marrow stimulation with subchondral drilling into massive chondral defects of the knee joint followed by postoperative intra-articular injections of autologous PBSCs plus HA is safe and showed a significant improvement of clinical and radiologic scores compared with HA plus physiotherapy.

    LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I, RCT.

    Matched MeSH terms: Knee Joint/surgery
  7. Zainal Abidin NA, Abdul Wahab AH, Abdul Rahim RA, Abdul Kadir MR, Ramlee MH
    Med Biol Eng Comput, 2021 Sep;59(9):1945-1960.
    PMID: 34392448 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-021-02419-6
    Complication rates of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) were reported to be around 15% although it is a common arthroscopic procedure with good outcomes. Breakage and migration of fixators are still possible even months after surgery. A fixator with optimum stability can minimise those two complications. Factors that affect the stability of a fixator are its configuration, material, and design. Thus, this paper aims to analyse the biomechanical effects of different types of fixators (cross-pin, interference screw, and cortical button) towards the stability of the knee joint after ACL-R. In this study, finite element modelling and analyses of a knee joint attached with double semitendinosus graft and fixators were carried out. Mimics and 3-Matic softwares were used in the development of the knee joint models. Meanwhile, the graft and fixators were designed by using SolidWorks software. Once the meshes of all models were finished in 3-Matic, simulation of the configurations was done using MSC Marc Mentat software. A 100-N anterior tibial load was applied onto the tibia to simulate the anterior drawer test. Based on the findings, cross-pin was found to have optimum stability in terms of stress and strain at the femoral fixation site for better treatment of ACL-R.
    Matched MeSH terms: Knee Joint/surgery
  8. Saw KY, Anz AW, Jee CS, Low SF, Dawam A, Ramlan A
    Orthop Surg, 2024 Feb;16(2):506-513.
    PMID: 38087402 DOI: 10.1111/os.13949
    BACKGROUND: Treatment of osteochondral defects (OCDs) of the knee joint remains challenging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological results of osteochondral regeneration following intra-articular injections of autologous peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) plus hyaluronic acid (HA) after arthroscopic subchondral drilling into OCDs of the knee joint.

    CASE PRESENTATION: Five patients with OCDs of the knee joint are presented. The etiology includes osteochondritis dissecans, traumatic knee injuries, previously failed cartilage repair procedures involving microfractures and OATS (osteochondral allograft transfer systems). PBSC were harvested 1 week after surgery. Patients received intra-articular injections at week 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 after surgery. Then at 6 months after surgery, intra-articular injections were administered at a weekly interval for 3 consecutive weeks. These 3 weekly injections were repeated at 12, 18 and 24 months after surgery. Each patient received a total of 17 injections. Subjective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores and MRI scans were obtained preoperatively and postoperatively at serial visits. At follow-ups of >5 years, the mean preoperative and postoperative IKDC scores were 47.2 and 80.7 respectively (p = 0.005). IKDC scores for all patients exceeded the minimal clinically important difference values of 8.3, indicating clinical significance. Serial MRI scans charted the repair and regeneration of the OCDs with evidence of bone growth filling-in the base of the defects, followed by reformation of the subchondral bone plate and regeneration of the overlying articular cartilage.

    CONCLUSION: These case studies showed that this treatment is able to repair and regenerate both the osseous and articular cartilage components of knee OCDs.

    Matched MeSH terms: Knee Joint/surgery
  9. Ahmad S, Mahidon R, Shukur MH, Hamdan A, Kasmin M
    J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2014 Dec;22(3):325-8.
    PMID: 25550011
    To evaluate the outcome of reconstruction for chronic grade-II posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) deficiency in Malaysian military personnel.
    Matched MeSH terms: Knee Joint/surgery*
  10. Ali S, Osman NA, Mortaza N, Eshraghi A, Gholizadeh H, Wan Abas WA
    Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2012 Nov;27(9):943-8.
    PMID: 22795863 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2012.06.004
    The interface pressure between the residual limb and prosthetic socket has a significant effect on an amputee's satisfaction and comfort. Liners provide a comfortable interface by adding a soft cushion between the residual limb and the socket. The Dermo and the Seal-In X5 liner are two new interface systems and, due to their relative infancy, very little are known about their effect on patient satisfaction. The aim of this study was to compare the interface pressure with these two liners and their effect on patient satisfaction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Knee Joint/surgery*
  11. Raja Izaham RM, Abdul Kadir MR, Abdul Rashid AH, Hossain MG, Kamarul T
    Injury, 2012 Jun;43(6):898-902.
    PMID: 22204773 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2011.12.006
    The use of open wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) to correct varus deformity of the knee is well established. However, the stability of the various implants used in this procedure has not been previously demonstrated. In this study, the two most common types of plates were analysed (1) the Puddu plates that use the dynamic compression plate (DCP) concept, and (2) the Tomofix plate that uses the locking compression plate (LCP) concept. Three dimensional model of the tibia was reconstructed from computed tomography images obtained from the Medical Implant Technology Group datasets. Osteotomy and fixation models were simulated through computational processing. Simulated loading was applied at 60:40 ratios on the medial:lateral aspect during single limb stance. The model was fixed distally in all degrees of freedom. Simulated data generated from the micromotions, displacement and, implant stress were captured. At the prescribed loads, a higher displacement of 3.25 mm was observed for the Puddu plate model (p<0.001). Coincidentally the amount of stresses subjected to this plate, 24.7 MPa, was also significantly lower (p<0.001). There was significant negative correlation (p<0.001) between implant stresses to that of the amount of fracture displacement which signifies a less stable fixation using Puddu plates. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the Tomofix plate produces superior stability for bony fixation in HTO procedures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Knee Joint/surgery*
  12. Kamarul T, Selvaratnam L, Masjuddin T, Ab-Rahim S, Ng C, Chan KY, et al.
    J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2008 Aug;16(2):230-6.
    PMID: 18725678
    To compare the efficacy of autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT) versus non-operative measures for cartilage repair in rabbits.
    Matched MeSH terms: Knee Joint/surgery*
  13. Arif M, Makundala V, Choon DSK
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl C:99-103.
    PMID: 16381292 MyJurnal
    We report on our early experiences with the Press Fit Condylar Rotating Platform (PFC-RP) total knee replacement prosthesis at University Malaya Medical Centre. This new prosthesis was introduced to Malaysia in 2001. It combines the rotating platform technology of Low Contact Stress (LCS) and the modularity of Press Fit Condylar (PFC) system. We performed 18 knee replacements using cruciate retaining prosthesis without patellar resurfacing in 10 patients and followed them up over a period of 16-month. A new operative strategy was developed to match the flexion and extension gaps. The pre- and post-operative assessments were made according to the American Knee Society Scores (AKSS). Post-operative pain relief, range of motion, knee score and functional score showed promising early results. The average knee rating improved from 28 to 91 (range 75-94). Average functional assessment improved from 26 to 82 (range 75-90). The radiographic assessments show correction of an average pre-operative varus of 140 to post-operative valgus of 50 (range 4-70). Early infection occurred in two knees. Both responded to aggressive debridement and antibiotics. Stiffness was encountered in one patient. There were no spinouts of the insert. We are satisfied that the implants are performing well at the one-year mark and will continue monitor this cohort.
    Matched MeSH terms: Knee Joint/surgery*
  14. Kwan MK, Ng ES, Penafort R, Saw A, Sengupta S
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl C:66-71.
    PMID: 16381287 MyJurnal
    Bone defect following en bloc resection of primary bone tumor around the knee can be reconstructed by allograft or prothesis or combination of both. Resection-arthrodesis is an alternative option for young vigorous patients facing circumstances of financial constrain or limited supply of allograft. This study was undertaken to determine the outcome and complications associated with resection-arthrodesis of 22 primary bone tumors (13 giant cell tumors and 9 osteosarcomas) around the knee treated between 1990 and 2003 at the University Malaya Medical Center. The mean follow-up was 6 years (range 1-13 years). hree patients with osteosarcoma died of lung metastasis, 3 required above knee amputation and 2 defaulted follow-up. Local complications of the procedure include infection in 8 cases (36.4%), non-union 7 (31.8%) and mal-union. Of 14 patients who returned for final evaluation, 79.8% had satisfactory outcomes according to the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society grading system. In conclusion, resection-arthrodesis of the knee is a viable treatment option for selected patients with primary bone tumor around the knee, and good functional outcome can be expected in the presence of short-term local complications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Knee Joint/surgery*
  15. Ng WM, Chan KY, Lim ABK, Gan EC
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl C:14-6.
    PMID: 16381276
    A prospective cohort study was undertaken at two centers to look for the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) following knee arthroscopic surgery. Eighty-four patients who had 90 arthroscopic procedures were reviewed. The relevant risk factors: past or family history of DVT, smoking, oral contraceptives, body weight, haemoglobin level, platelet count, tourniquet time and type of anaesthesia were documented. All patients were subjected to preoperative and post-operative duplex ultrasound. Only one patient (1.2 %) was noted to have DVT involving the peroneal vein. We concluded that the incidence of DVT after knee arthroscopy was very low in this study population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Knee Joint/surgery*
  16. Ang LC
    Med J Malaysia, 1992 Sep;47(3):220-4.
    PMID: 1491648
    From 1988 to 1990, eighty operations on eighty knees of seventy-nine patients with a clinical diagnosis of meniscal tear was entered into a prospective study. The clinical diagnosis was correct in 76% of patients. Excellent or good results were achieved in 90% of knees which had only meniscal lesions but dropped to 70.5% when other intraarticular pathologies coexisted with the meniscal lesions. Excellent or good results were achieved in 71% of the knees in the presence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) deficiency.
    Matched MeSH terms: Knee Joint/surgery*
  17. Lee YS, Howell SM, Won YY, Lee OS, Lee SH, Vahedi H, et al.
    Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2017 Nov;25(11):3467-3479.
    PMID: 28439636 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-017-4558-y
    PURPOSE: A systematic review was conducted to answer the following questions: (1) Does kinematically aligned (KA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) achieve clinical outcomes comparable to those of mechanically aligned (MA) TKA? (2) How do the limb, knee, and component alignments differ between KA and MA TKA? (3) How is joint line orientation angle (JLOA) changed from the native knee in KA TKA compared to that in MA TKA?

    METHODS: Nine full-text articles in English that reported the clinical and radiological outcomes of KA TKA were included. Five studies had a control group of patients who underwent MA TKA. Data on patient demographics, clinical scores, and radiological results were extracted. There were two level I, one level II, three level III, and three level IV studies. Six of the nine studies used patient-specific instrumentation, one study used computer navigation, and two studies used manual instrumentation.

    RESULTS: The clinical outcomes of KA TKA were comparable or superior to those of MA TKA with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Limb and knee alignment in KA TKA was similar to those in MA TKA, and component alignment showed slightly more varus in the tibial component and slightly more valgus in the femoral component. The JLOA in KA TKA was relatively parallel to the floor compared to that in the native knee and not oblique (medial side up and lateral side down) compared to that in MA TKA. The implant survivorship and complication rate of the KA TKA were similar to those of the MA TKA.

    CONCLUSION: Similar or better clinical outcomes were produced by using a KA TKA at early-term follow-up and the component alignment differed from that of MA TKA. KA TKA seemed to restore function without catastrophic failure regardless of the alignment category up to midterm follow-up. The JLOA in KA TKA was relatively parallel to the floor similar to the native knee compared to that in MA TKA. The present review of nine published studies suggests that relatively new kinematic alignment is an acceptable and alternative alignment to mechanical alignment, which is better understood. Further validation of these findings requires more randomized clinical trials with longer follow-up.

    LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II.

    Matched MeSH terms: Knee Joint/surgery
  18. Lee SH, Lee OS, Teo SH, Lee YS
    Gait Posture, 2017 09;57:57-68.
    PMID: 28577508 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.05.023
    We conducted a meta-analysis to analyze how high tibial osteotomy (HTO) changes gait and focused on the following questions: (1) How does HTO change basic gait variables? (2) How does HTO change the gait variables in the knee joint? Twelve articles were included in the final analysis. A total of 383 knees was evaluated. There were 237 open wedge (OW) and 143 closed wedge (CW) HTOs. There were 4 level II studies and 8 level III studies. All studies included gait analysis and compared pre- and postoperative values. One study compared CWHTO and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), and another study compared CWHTO and OWHTO. Five studies compared gait variables with those of healthy controls. One study compared operated limb gait variables with those in the non-operated limb. Gait speed, stride length, knee adduction moment, and lateral thrust were major variables assessed in 2 or more studies. Walking speed increased and stride length was increased or similar after HTO compared to the preoperative value in basic gait variables. Knee adduction moment and lateral thrust were decreased after HTO compared to the preoperative knee joint gait variables. Change in co-contraction of the medial side muscle after surgery differed depending on the degree of frontal plane alignment. The relationship between change in knee adduction moment and change in mechanical axis angle was controversial. Based on our systematic review and meta-analysis, walking speed and stride length increased after HTO. Knee adduction moment and lateral thrust decreased after HTO compared to the preoperative values of gait variables in the knee joint.
    Matched MeSH terms: Knee Joint/surgery
  19. Lee YS, Teo SH, Ahn JH, Lee OS, Lee SH, Lee JH
    Arthroscopy, 2017 Oct;33(10):1884-1895.
    PMID: 28655477 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2017.04.006
    PURPOSE: To evaluate the surgical treatment of the discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) with long-term follow-up and to search which factors are related to good clinical or radiological outcomes.

    METHODS: Search was performed using a MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane database, and each of the selected studies was evaluated for methodological quality using a risk of bias (ROB) covering 7 criteria. Clinical and radiological outcomes with more than 5 years of follow-up were evaluated after surgical treatment of DLM. They were analyzed according to the age, follow-up period, kind of surgery, DLM type, and alignment.

    RESULTS: Eleven articles (422 DLM cases) were included in the final analysis. Among 7 criteria, 3 criteria showed little ROB in all studies. However, 4 criteria showed some ROB ("Yes" in 63.6% to 81.8%). The minimal follow-up period was 5.5 years (weighted mean follow-up: 9.1 years). Surgical procedures were performed with open or arthroscopic partial central meniscectomy, subtotal meniscectomy, total meniscectomy, or partial meniscectomy with repair. The majority of the studies showed good clinical results. Mild joint space narrowing was reported in the lateral compartment, but none of the knees demonstrated moderate or advanced degenerative changes. Increased age at surgery, longer follow-up period, and subtotal or total meniscectomy could be related to degenerative change. The majority of the complications was osteochondritis dissecans at the lateral femoral condyle (13 cases) and reoperation was performed by osteochondritis dissecans (4 cases), recurrent swelling (2 cases), residual symptom (1 case), stiffness (1 case), and popliteal stenosis (1 case).

    CONCLUSIONS: Good clinical results were obtained with surgical treatment of symptomatic DLM. The progression of degenerative change was minimal and none of the knees demonstrated moderate or advanced degenerative changes. Increased age at surgery, longer follow-up period, and subtotal or total meniscectomy were possible risk factors for degenerative changes.

    LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, systematic review of Level IV studies.

    Matched MeSH terms: Knee Joint/surgery*
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