Displaying all 17 publications

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  1. Balasegaram M, Joishy SK
    Am J Surg, 1981 Mar;141(3):360-5.
    PMID: 6259961
    Two hundred eight-eight hepatic resections performed over the past 15 years are discussed. The safety and success achieved are attributed to the original work in Malaysia on the anatomy of the liver and its anomalies, the use of surgical instruments specially designed for hepatic resection, various types of resections devised and studies on aids to liver regeneration after resection. The diversity of the principles and practice of surgery in the Western countries compared with those in Malaysia is illustrated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/surgery
  2. Abdullah BJ, Yeong CH, Goh KL, Yoong BK, Ho GF, Yim CC, et al.
    Eur Radiol, 2015 Jan;25(1):246-57.
    PMID: 25189152 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-014-3391-7
    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the technical success, radiation dose, safety and performance level of liver thermal ablation using a computed tomography (CT)-guided robotic positioning system.

    METHODS: Radiofrequency and microwave ablation of liver tumours were performed on 20 patients (40 lesions) with the assistance of a CT-guided robotic positioning system. The accuracy of probe placement, number of readjustments and total radiation dose to each patient were recorded. The performance level was evaluated on a five-point scale (5-1: excellent-poor). The radiation doses were compared against 30 patients with 48 lesions (control) treated without robotic assistance.

    RESULTS: Thermal ablation was successfully completed in 20 patients with 40 lesions and confirmed on multiphasic contrast-enhanced CT. No procedure related complications were noted in this study. The average number of needle readjustment was 0.8 ± 0.8. The total CT dose (DLP) for the entire robotic assisted thermal ablation was 1382 ± 536 mGy.cm, while the CT fluoroscopic dose (DLP) per lesion was 352 ± 228 mGy.cm. There was no statistically significant (p > 0.05) dose reduction found between the robotic-assisted versus the conventional method.

    CONCLUSION: This study revealed that robotic-assisted planning and needle placement appears to be safe, with high accuracy and a comparable radiation dose to patients.

    KEY POINTS: • Clinical experience on liver thermal ablation using CT-guided robotic system is reported. • The technical success, radiation dose, safety and performance level were assessed. • Thermal ablations were successfully performed, with an average performance score of 4.4/5.0. • Robotic-assisted ablation can potentially increase capabilities of less skilled interventional radiologists. • Cost-effectiveness needs to be proven in further studies.

    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/surgery*
  3. Abdullah BJ, Yeong CH, Goh KL, Yoong BK, Ho GF, Yim CC, et al.
    Eur Radiol, 2014 Jan;24(1):79-85.
    PMID: 23928933 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-013-2979-7
    OBJECTIVE: Computed tomography (CT)-compatible robots, both commercial and research-based, have been developed with the intention of increasing the accuracy of needle placement and potentially improving the outcomes of therapies in addition to reducing clinical staff and patient exposure to radiation during CT fluoroscopy. In the case of highly inaccessible lesions that require multiple plane angulations, robotically assisted needles may improve biopsy access and targeted drug delivery therapy by avoidance of the straight line path of normal linear needles.

    METHODS: We report our preliminary experience of performing radiofrequency ablation of the liver using a robotic-assisted CT guidance system on 11 patients (17 lesions).

    RESULTS/CONCLUSION: Robotic-assisted planning and needle placement appears to have high accuracy, is technically easier than the non-robotic-assisted procedure, and involves a significantly lower radiation dose to both patient and support staff.

    KEY POINTS: • An early experience of robotic-assisted radiofrequency ablation is reported • Robotic-assisted RFA improves accuracy of hepatic lesion targeting • Robotic-assisted RFA makes the procedure technically easier with significant lower radiation dose.

    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/surgery*
  4. Manikam J, Mahadeva S, Goh KL, Abdullah BJ
    Hepatogastroenterology, 2009 Jan-Feb;56(89):227-30.
    PMID: 19453063
    Spontaneous rupture and hemorrhage is a devastating complication of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Results from current therapeutic modalities remain varied. Recent development of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the management of this condition has shown promise. We describe 2 cases of ruptured HCC in which nonoperative, percutaneous radio frequency ablation (RFA) was successful in achieving hemostasis. The advantageous of RFA over other interventional techniques in the management of ruptured HCC are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/surgery*
  5. Alirr OI, Rahni AAA, Golkar E
    Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg, 2018 Aug;13(8):1169-1176.
    PMID: 29860549 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-018-1801-z
    PURPOSE: Segmentation of liver tumours is an important part of the 3D visualisation of the liver anatomy for surgical planning. The spatial relationship between tumours and other structures inside the liver forms the basis of preoperative surgical risk assessment. However, the automatic segmentation of liver tumours from abdominal CT scans is riddled with challenges. Tumours located at the border of the liver impose a big challenge as the surrounding tissues could have similar intensities.

    METHODS: In this work, we introduce a fully automated liver tumour segmentation approach in contrast-enhanced CT datasets. The method is a multi-stage technique which starts with contrast enhancement of the tumours using anisotropic filtering, followed by adaptive thresholding to extract the initial mask of the tumours from an identified liver region of interest. Localised level set-based active contours are used to extend the mask to the tumour boundaries.

    RESULTS: The proposed method is validated on the IRCAD database with pathologies that offer highly variable and complex liver tumours. The results are compared quantitatively to the ground truth, which is delineated by experts. We achieved an average dice similarity coefficient of 75% over all patients with liver tumours in the database with overall absolute relative volume difference of 11%. This is comparable to other recent works, which include semiautomated methods, although they were validated on different datasets.

    CONCLUSIONS: The proposed approach aims to segment tumours inside the liver envelope automatically with a level of accuracy adequate for its use as a tool for surgical planning using abdominal CT images. The approach will be validated on larger datasets in the future.

    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/surgery
  6. Ling LL, Hsu CC, Yong CC, Elsarawy AM, Chan YC, Wang CC, et al.
    Int J Surg, 2019 Sep;69:124-131.
    PMID: 31386913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2019.07.035
    BACKGROUND: Tumor histology affects outcome after liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study explores the association between F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and tumor histology in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) recipients and their outcome.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred fifty-eight patients with primary liver tumors who underwent FDG-PET before LDLT were enrolled in this retrospective study. Unfavorable tumor histology was defined as primary liver tumor other than a well- or moderately differentiated HCC. Thirteen patients had unfavorable tumor histology, including 2 poorly differentiated HCC, 2 sarcomatoid HCC, 5 combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma, 3 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and 1 hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

    RESULTS: FDG-PET positivity was significantly associated with unfavorable tumor histology (P < 0.001). Both FDG-PET positivity and unfavorable tumor histology were significant independent predictors of tumor recurrence and overall survival. In a subgroup analysis of patients with FDG-PET-positive tumors, unfavorable tumor histology was a significant independent predictor of tumor recurrence and overall survival. High FDG uptake (tumor to non-tumor uptake ratio ≥ 2) was a significant predictor of unfavorable tumor histology. Patients with high FDG uptake and/or unfavorable tumors had significantly higher 3-year cumulative recurrence rate (70.8% versus 26.2%, P = 0.004) and worse 3-year overall survival (34.1% versus 70.8%, P = 0.012) compared to those with low FDG uptake favorable tumors.

    CONCLUSIONS: The expression of FDG-PET is highly associated with histology of explanted HCC and predicts the recurrence. FDG-PET-positive tumors with high FDG uptake may be considered contraindication for LDLT due to high recurrence rate except when pathology proves favorable histology.

    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/surgery*
  7. Koh PS, Koong JK, Westerhout CJ, Yoong BK
    J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2013 Jul;28(7):1075.
    PMID: 23782121 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12254
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/surgery
  8. Balasegaram M
    J R Coll Surg Edinb, 1972 Mar;17(2):85-9.
    PMID: 5021747
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/surgery
  9. Loh KB, Bux SI, Abdullah BJ, Raja Mokhtar RA, Mohamed R
    Korean J Radiol, 2012 Sep-Oct;13(5):643-7.
    PMID: 22977334 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2012.13.5.643
    Local treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been widely used in clinical practice due to its minimal invasiveness and high rate of cure. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is widely used because its treatment effectiveness. However, some serious complications can arise from percutaneous RFA. We present here a rare case of hemorrhagic cardiac tamponade secondary to an anterior cardiac vein (right marginal vein) injury during RFA for treatment of HCC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/surgery*
  10. Givehchi S, Wong YH, Yeong CH, Abdullah BJJ
    Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol, 2018 Apr;27(2):81-89.
    PMID: 28612670 DOI: 10.1080/13645706.2017.1330757
    PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) electrode trajectory on complete tumor ablation using computational simulation.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: The RFA of a spherical tumor of 2.0 cm diameter along with 0.5 cm clinical safety margin was simulated using Finite Element Analysis software. A total of 86 points inside one-eighth of the tumor volume along the axial, sagittal and coronal planes were selected as the target sites for electrode-tip placement. The angle of the electrode insertion in both craniocaudal and orbital planes ranged from -90° to +90° with 30° increment. The RFA electrode was simulated to pass through the target site at different angles in combination of both craniocaudal and orbital planes before being advanced to the edge of the tumor.

    RESULTS: Complete tumor ablation was observed whenever the electrode-tip penetrated through the epicenter of the tumor regardless of the angles of electrode insertion in both craniocaudal and orbital planes. Complete tumor ablation can also be achieved by placing the electrode-tip at several optimal sites and angles.

    CONCLUSIONS: Identification of the tumor epicenter on the central slice of the axial images is essential to enhance the success rate of complete tumor ablation during RFA procedures.

    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/surgery*
  11. Lee WS, Grundy R, Milford DV, Taylor CM, de Ville de Goyet J, McKiernan PJ, et al.
    Pediatr Transplant, 2003 Aug;7(4):270-6.
    PMID: 12890004
    Combination of cyclosporine (CsA) and tacrolimus immunosuppression post-liver transplantation (LT) and the chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat hepatoblastoma (HB), are nephrotoxic. We aimed to determine the severity and duration of nephrotoxicity in children following LT for unresectable HB. We reviewed all children undergoing LT for unresectable HB at the Liver Unit, Birmingham Children's Hospital, UK, from 1991 to July 2000. Thirty-six children undergoing LT for biliary atresia, matched for age and sex, were selected as controls to compare pre- and post-LT renal function. Renal function was determined by estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) derived from plasma creatinine using Schwartz's formula. Twelve children with HB (mean age of diagnosis 33 months) who underwent LT (mean age 47 months) and 36 controls (mean age of LT 34 months) were studied. CsA was the main immunosuppressive drug used in each group. The median eGFR before, and at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after LT in HB group was significantly lower than controls (93 vs. 152, 66 vs. 79, 62 vs. 86, 66 vs. 87, 64 vs. 94, 53 vs. 90 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively; 0.01 < p < 0.03). The reductions in the median eGFR of both the HB group and controls before and at 36 months after LT were 49 and 41%, respectively. At 36 months after LT, there was a trend for partial recovery of the eGFR in the controls but not in the HB group. Children who underwent LT for unresectable HB had renal dysfunction before transplantation that persisted for 36 months after LT.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/surgery*
  12. Chow PK, Poon DY, Khin MW, Singh H, Han HS, Goh AS, et al.
    PLoS One, 2014;9(3):e90909.
    PMID: 24614178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090909
    The safety and tolerability of sequential radioembolization-sorafenib therapy is unknown. An open-label, single arm, investigator-initiated Phase II study (NCT0071279) was conducted at four Asia-Pacific centers to evaluate the safety and efficacy of sequential radioembolization-sorafenib in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) not amenable to curative therapies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/surgery
  13. Adam N, Lim SS, Ananda V, Chan SP
    Singapore Med J, 2010 Jul;51(7):e129-32.
    PMID: 20730389
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide-producing tumour (VIPoma) or Verner-Morrison syndrome is a very rare neuroendocrine tumour. It occurs in less than ten percent of all pancreatic islet cell tumours, and about 70 percent to 80 percent of these tumours originate from the pancreas. Diagnosis is characteristically delayed. The first-line treatment is surgical. It may be curative in forty percent of patients with benign and non-metastatic disease. Palliative surgery is indicated in extensive disease, followed by conventional somatostatin analogue (octreotide) therapy. Somatostatin analogues improve hormone-mediated symptoms, reduce tumour bulk and prevent local and systemic effects. We present a female patient with VIPoma syndrome, which had metastasised to the liver at diagnosis. The patient underwent palliative Whipple procedure and subsequent cytoreductive radiofrequency ablations to her liver metastases. Unfortunately, after symptomatic improvement for three years, her disease progressed. Currently, she is on daily octreotide, achieving partial control of her symptoms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/surgery
  14. Balasegaram M, Joishy SK
    Jpn J Surg, 1980 Jun;10(2):94-9.
    PMID: 6253701
    We present a study of 288 hepatic resections carried out in Malaysia for the past fifteen years. First, we describe our indications for hepatic resectins which are not limited to hepatic trauma and hepatomas, but also include hepatic abscesses, cysts, intrahepatic calculi and hemangiomas. Second, we give a simplified classification of hepatic resections using accurate terminology. Third, we describe the safety of hepatic resections in our hands which we believe is due to specially designed surgical instruments and the accurate decision making process at surgery. We have had minimum postoperative mortality and no intraoperative deaths so far. Finally, while analysing each indication we have drawn vignettes from our experience for the past fifteen years.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/surgery
  15. Lin KH, Hsu HT, Teng TH, Lin PY, Ko CJ, Hsieh CE, et al.
    Malays J Pathol, 2017 Dec;39(3):289-291.
    PMID: 29279592
    BACKGROUND: Liver regeneration is dependent on the proliferation of hepatocytes. Hepatic progenitor cells are intra-hepatic precursor cells capable of differentiating into hepatocytes or biliary cells. Although liver progenitor cell proliferation during the regenerative process has been observed in animal models of severe liver injury, it has never been observed in vivo in humans because it is unethical to take multiple biopsy specimens for the purpose of studying the proliferation of liver progenitor cells and the roles they play in liver regeneration. Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) is a staged procedure for inducing remnant liver hypertrophy so that major hepatectomy can be performed safely. This staged procedure allows for liver biopsy specimens to be taken before and after the liver begins to regenerate.

    CASE PRESENTATION: The liver progenitor cell proliferation is observed in a patient undergoing ALPPS for a metastatic hepatic tumour. Liver biopsy is acquired before and after ALPPS for the calculation of average number of liver progenitor cell under high magnification examination by stain of immunomarkers. This is the first in vivo evidence of growing liver progenitor cells demonstrated in a regenerating human liver.

    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/surgery
  16. Primrose JN
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl B:67-9.
    PMID: 16108177
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/surgery*
  17. Norsarwany M, Abdelrahman Z, Rahmah N, Ariffin N, Norsyahida A, Madihah B, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2012 Sep;29(3):479-88.
    PMID: 23018511
    Strongyloidiasis is an infection caused by the intestinal nematode Strongyloides stercoralis. Infected healthy individuals are usually asymptomatic, however it is potentially fatal in immunocompromised hosts due to its capacity to cause an overwhelming hyperinfection. Strongyloidiasis could be missed during routine screening because of low and intermittent larval output in stool and variable manifestations of the symptoms. We present two cases of strongyloidiasis occurring in children with solid organ malignancies suspected to have the infection based on their clinical conditions and treatment history for cancer. Both patients were diagnosed by molecular and serological tests and were successfully treated. Thus, strongyloidiasis in patients undergoing intensive treatment for malignancies should be suspected, properly investigated and treated accordingly.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/surgery
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