Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 780 in total

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  1. Nano vs Resistant Tuberculosis: Taking the Lung Route
    Sharma D, Pooja, Nirban S, Ojha S, Kumar T, Jain N, et al.
    AAPS PharmSciTech, 2023 Dec 04;24(8):252.
    PMID: 38049695 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02708-3
    Tuberculosis (TB) is among the top 10 infectious diseases worldwide. It is categorized among the leading killer diseases that are the reason for the death of millions of people globally. Although a standardized treatment regimen is available, non-adherence to treatment has increased multi-drug resistance (MDR) and extensive drug-resistant (XDR) TB development. Another challenge is targeting the death of TB reservoirs in the alveoli via conventional treatment. TB Drug resistance may emerge as a futuristic restraint of TB with the scarcity of effective Anti-tubercular drugs. The paradigm change towards nano-targeted drug delivery systems is mostly due to the absence of effective therapy and increased TB infection recurrent episodes with MDR. The emerging field of nanotechnology gave an admirable opportunity to combat MDR and XDR via accurate diagnosis with effective treatment. The new strategies targeting the lung via the pulmonary route may overcome the new incidence of MDR and enhance patient compliance. Therefore, this review highlights the importance and recent research on pulmonary drug delivery with nanotechnology along with prevalence, the need for the development of nanotechnology, beneficial aspects of nanomedicine, safety concerns of nanocarriers, and clinical studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung
  2. A review of pulmonary involvement in rheumatoid arthritis
    Arshad A
    APLAR Journal of Rheumatology, 2005;8(1):16-18.
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-8077.2005.00116.x
    Pulmonary involvement in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a recognized complication but not often well described in the literature and also in major medical textbooks. Thus, for most medical practitioners who look after RA patients, pulmonary complications are often missed and not given much attention. This article will review the current literature of pulmonary involvement in RA and to increase awareness of its existence., Copyright (C) 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases
  3. A rare case of intussusception associated with metastasized small cell carcinoma of lung
    Jarmin R, Azman A, Rahim R, Kosai NR, Das S
    Acta Med Iran, 2012;50(11):782-4.
    PMID: 23292632
    Intussusception is common cause of bowel obstruction in the paediatric age group compared to the elderly population. Many times, the diagnosis may be difficult because of asymptomatic nature of this bowel disorder. We hereby describe the case of a 75-year-old male who presented with lethargy, weakness, loss of movement in the joints and was found to be anemic. The haemoglobin level was low so he was transfused with packed cells. On gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, upper GI bleed was observed. A mass was observed beyond ampulla at the 2nd and 3rd part of the duodenal junction. Computerized tomography (CT) scan also showed a mass at the head of pancreas and the lesion at the left lung. In view of persistent bleed, 'Whipple's procedure' was performed. Histopathological examination showed small cell carcinoma of the lungs with metastasis to the pancreas and the jejunum. We here discuss the case of intussusception with intestinal metastasis which presented with gastrointestinal bleeding.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms/complications*; Lung Neoplasms/pathology; Lung Neoplasms/radiography; Lung Neoplasms/surgery
  4. Cerebral metastases from choriocarcinoma. Results of chemotherapy
    Sen DK, Sivanesaratnam V, Chuah CY, Ch'ng SL, Singh J, Paramsothy M
    Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 1987;66(5):425-8.
    PMID: 3425244
    Of 36 cases of choriocarcinoma treated at the University Hospital Kuala Lumpur during 1980-84 inclusive, 6 patients were found to have cerebral metastases. Intrathecal methotrexate and combination chemotherapy were started in all cases, with monitoring of tumor growth by serial beta-HCG assays and CT scanning of brain and lung. Chemotherapy was reduced because of severe toxicity in 2 patients, one of whom received radiotherapy to the brain. Four patients (66%) have now been in remission for 2.5-6 years. Two did not respond to therapy and died. The factors involved in therapy and response are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms/secondary
  5. Pathogenesis and antibody response to a cytomegalovirus infection in newborn rats
    Loh HS, Mohd-Azmi ML, Sheikh-Omar AR, Zamri-Saad M, Tam YJ
    Acta Virol., 2007;51(1):27-33.
    PMID: 17432941
    The present study described the kinetics of Rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV) infection in newborn rats by monitoring infectious virus and viral antigens in various organs, viral DNA in the blood (DNAemia) and antibody response. These parameters were evaluated quantitatively using double-antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA), real-time PCR, indirect ELISA and virus infectivity assay. For the first time DAS-ELISA was used for detection of RCMV antigen directly from organ samples. The relationships between the presence of viral antigens in the infected organs and antibody levels were established by the Spearman's rank test. It was found that the virus was present in the blood, spleen, liver, lungs, and kidneys earlier than in the salivary glands. Furthermore, the early immunity of the newborn rats led to a delayed seroconversion. We suggested that the prolonged presence of the virus in salivary glands could augment the antibody response that conversely might be responsible for a reduction of viremia. This study expanded our understanding of RCMV pathogenesis leading to improved therapeutic and preventive treatment regimens particularly for the neonatal Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections. Additionally, the detection procedures developed in this study such as DAS-ELISA and real-time PCR could serve as alternative techniques for rapid screening of large number of samples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung/virology
  6. The potential to treat lung cancer via inhalation of repurposed drugs
    Lee WH, Loo CY, Ghadiri M, Leong CR, Young PM, Traini D
    Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2018 08;133:107-130.
    PMID: 30189271 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.08.012
    Lung cancer is a highly invasive and prevalent disease with ineffective first-line treatment and remains the leading cause of cancer death in men and women. Despite the improvements in diagnosis and therapy, the prognosis and outcome of lung cancer patients is still poor. This could be associated with the lack of effective first-line oncology drugs, formation of resistant tumors and non-optimal administration route. Therefore, the repurposing of existing drugs currently used for different indications and the introduction of a different method of drug administration could be investigated as an alternative to improve lung cancer therapy. This review describes the rationale and development of repositioning of drugs for lung cancer treatment with emphasis on inhalation. The review includes the current progress of repurposing non-cancer drugs, as well as current chemotherapeutics for lung malignancies via inhalation. Several potential non-cancer drugs such as statins, itraconazole and clarithromycin, that have demonstrated preclinical anti-cancer activity, are also presented. Furthermore, the potential challenges and limitations that might hamper the clinical translation of repurposed oncology drugs are described.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy*
  7. Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Growth and Migration of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cancer Cells
    Zakaria N, Yahaya BH
    Adv Exp Med Biol, 2020;1292:83-95.
    PMID: 31916234 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_464
    INTRODUCTION: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used in cancer therapy as vehicles to deliver therapeutic materials such as drugs, apoptosis inducers and cytokines due to their ability to migrate and home at the tumour site. Furthermore, MSCs have been genetically engineered to produce anticancer molecules such as TRAIL that can induce apoptosis of cancer cells. However, MSCs' presence in the tumour microenvironment has shown to be involved in promoting tumour growth and progression. Therefore, the roles of MSCs either promoting or suppressing tumorigenesis need to be investigated.

    METHODS: Human adipose-derived MSCs (Ad-MSCs) and A549 cells are co-cultured together in indirect co-culture system using Transwell insert. Following co-culture, both cells were analysed in terms of growth rate, migration ability, apoptosis and gene expression for genes involved in migration and stemness characteristics.

    RESULTS: The result shows that Ad-MSCs promoted the growth of A549 cells when indirectly co-cultured for 48 and 72 h. Furthermore, Ad-MSCs significantly enhanced the migration rate of A549 cells. The increased in migration rate was in parallel with the significant increase of MMP9. There are no significant changes observed in the expression of TWIST2, CDH2 and CDH1, genes involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Ad-MSCs also protect A549 cancer cells from undergoing apoptosis and increase the survival of cancer cells.

    CONCLUSION: Secretion of soluble factors from Ad-MSCs has been shown to promote the growth and metastatic characteristics of A549 cancer cells. Therefore, the use of Ad-MSCs in cancer therapy needs to be carefully evaluated in the long-term aspect.

    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms/genetics; Lung Neoplasms/pathology*
  8. Intradermal tests with Dirofilaria immitis extract in eosinophilic lung (tropical eosinophilia)
    Danaraj TJ, Schacher JF
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1959;8:640-643.
    The intradermal test using as antigen a 1 per cent saline extract of Dirofilaria immitis powder was performed in Singapore on 69 persons with eosinophilic lung, 32 with mild eosinophilia, 49 with filariasis, 75 normal Asians, and 66 normal Britishers. The test was positive in 100 per cent of the cases of eosinophilic lung, 73.5 per cent of the filariasis group, 59.4 per cent of cases of mild eosinophilia, 53.3 per cent of normal Asians, and 4.5 per cent of the Britishers. The filarial complement fixation test using a 1 per cent alcoholic extract of the same antigen gave a positive rate of 100 per cent in the eosinophilic lung group, whereas only 24.5 per cent of the filariasis patients gave a positive reaction. Skin sensitivity to D. immitis antigen persisted in the cases of eosinophilic lung even when the previously positive serologic reactions had become negative following treatment with diethylcarbamazine. Therefore, the intradermal test cannot be useful in the diagnosis of either filariasis or eosinophilic lung in Singapore. In view of the skin sensitivity to a filarial antigen demonstrated in patients suffering from eosinophilic lung, the etiologic possibility of an infection by a species of filarial worm found normally in nonhuman hosts is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung
  9. The roentgenographic appearance of eosinophilic lung (tropical eosinophilia)
    Khoo FY, Danaraj TJ
    Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med, 1960 Feb;83:251-9.
    PMID: 14408899
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/pathology*
  10. Fulltext Evaluation of sHLA-G levels in serum of patients with prostate cancer identify as a potential of tumor marker
    Heidari MH, Movafagh A, Abdollahifar MA, Abdi S, Barez MM, Azimi H, et al.
    Anat Cell Biol, 2017 Mar;50(1):69-72.
    PMID: 28417057 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2017.50.1.69
    Prostate cancer is the most common cancer type in men and is the second cause of death, due to cancer, in patients over 50, after lung cancer. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a widely used tumor marker for prostate cancer. Recently, PSA is discovered in non-prostatic cancer tissues in men and women raising doubts about its specificity for prostatic tissues. PSA exists in low serum level in healthy men and in higher levels in many prostate disorders, including prostatitis and prostate cancer. Thus, a supplementary tumor marker is needed to accurately diagnose the cancer and to observe the patient after treatment. Recently, soluble human leukocyte antigen-G (sHLA-G) has been introduced as a new tumor marker for different cancer types, including colorectal, breast, lung, and ovary. The present descriptive-experimental study was carried out including patients with malignant prostate tumor, patients with benign prostate tumor, and a group of health men as the control group, as judged by an oncologist as well as a pathologist. After sterile blood sampling, sHLA-G was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in each group. The data was then analyzed using one-way ANOVA. P≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The results showed that the mean of sHLA-G level was high in patients. Also, it was found that there was a significant difference in sHLA serum level between the three groups. The data revealed that sHLA-G can be a novel supplementary tumor marker in addition to PSA to diagnose prostate cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms
  11. Enterobiasis: a histopathological study of 259 patients
    Sinniah B, Leopairut J, Neafie RC, Connor DH, Voge M
    Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 1991 Dec;85(6):625-35.
    PMID: 1811440
    Enterobius worms or their eggs, or both, are present in preserved tissue sections or tissue specimens of 259 patients whose medical records are on file at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington D.C., U.S.A. The most common site of infection (86.5%) was found to be the lumen of the appendix, where the worms provoke no reaction. Of the 259 patients 11 (4.2%) had worms and/or eggs in granulomas of the abdominal and pelvic peritoneum, and an equal number had granulomas on the peritoneum of the salphinx or on the surface of the ovary. There were also ectopic worms and/or eggs in granulomas on the peritoneum of the small and large intestines (2.7%). These Enterobius granulomas form around degenerating adult worms, around discrete eggs, around clusters of eggs, and, we believe, also around the tracks of migrating worms. Three patients (1.2%) had worms in perianal abscesses. A necrotic granuloma, removed from the lung of one patient, surrounded a degenerating adult worm. This suggests that the worm, carried to the lung as an embolus, impacted in a pulmonary arteriole. A stool specimen of one patient contains eggs of Enterobius, and that of another patient contains an adult Enterobius. This is the largest recorded histopathological study of enterobiasis in man.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung/parasitology; Lung/pathology; Lung Diseases, Parasitic/pathology*
  12. [On three Trichostrongylides Nematodes parasites of the Tupaiidae]
    Durette-Desset MC, Chabaud AG
    Ann Parasitol Hum Comp, 1975 Mar-Apr;50(2):173-85.
    PMID: 1163943
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung/parasitology
  13. Fulltext Selection of an appropriate left-sided double-lumen tube size for one-lung ventilation among Asians
    Ideris SS, Che Hassan MR, Abdul Rahman MR, Ooi JS
    Ann Card Anaesth, 2017 Jan-Mar;20(1):28-32.
    PMID: 28074791 DOI: 10.4103/0971-9784.197824
    CONTEXT: Selecting an appropriate size double-lumen tube (DLT) for one-lung ventilation has always been a challenge as most choose it based on experience or using the existing guidelines based on gender and height.

    AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine if the appropriate choice of this tube could be based on the patients' height, weight, tracheal diameter (TD), or the left main stem bronchus diameter (LMBD) and also to determine the relationship between height and depth of insertion among Asians.

    SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective review of 179 patients who were intubated with a left-sided DLT and also had a posterior-anterior view of a digital chest radiograph for tracheal and left main bronchus diameter measurements. Additional data collected included patients' demographics and DLT size used.

    RESULTS: There were 123 (68.7%) males and 56 (31.3%) females with an overall mean age of 33.3 ± 16.3 years. Majority of the males (48.8%) used a size 39 Fr while females (46.4%) used a 35 Fr. There were weak correlations between DLT size with height (male: R2 = 0.222; female: R2 = 0.193), DLT size with weight (male: R2 = 0.109; female: R2 = 0.211), DLT size with TD (male: R2 = 0.027); female: R2 = 0.016), and DLT size with LMBD (male: R2 = 0.222; female: R2 = 0.193). There was a good correlation between depth of DLT inserted with patient's height for both genders.

    CONCLUSION: The appropriate size of the left-sided DLT could not be predicted based on patients' height, weight, tracheal or left main bronchus diameter alone in Asians; however, the depth of insertion of the tube was dependent on the height in both genders.
    Matched MeSH terms: One-Lung Ventilation/instrumentation*
  14. Fulltext Associations of Occupational, Socio-Demographic and Lifestyle Factors with Lung Functions in Malaysian Traffic Policemen
    Jamil PASM, Karuppiah K, Rasdi I, How V, Tamrin SBM, Mani KKC, et al.
    Ann Glob Health, 2020 07 28;86(1):84.
    PMID: 32775216 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.2895
    Background: Apart from being exposed to various hazards, there are several other factors that contribute to the deterioration of traffic police health.

    Objectives: A cross-sectional study was carried out to explore the association of occupational, socio-demographic, and lifestyle factors with lung functions in traffic policemen in Kuala Lumpur (KL) and Johor Bahru (JB).

    Methods: A spirometer was used to measure lung function of subjects, whereas a self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain their information on background data, lifestyle, and occupational factors. The statistical test used was Spearman rho's test and chi-square test; then, the factors were further tested using Logistic regressions.

    Findings: 134 male subjects were selected as respondents in this study with 83% response rate. Among all the factors tested, age (FVC: χ = 8.42(3), p = 0.04), (FEV: χ = 8.26(3), p = 0.04), rank (FVC: χ = 8.52(3), p = 0.04), (FEV: χ = 8.05(3), p = 0.04), duration of services (FVC: χ = 11.0(1), p = 0.04), (FEV: χ = 6.53(1), p = 0.01), and average working hours (with the Measured FVC (litre), r = -3.97, p < 0.001; Measured FEV1 (litre), r = -3.70, p < 0.001; Predicted FVC, r = -0.49, p < 0.001; Predicted FEV1, r = -0.47, p < 0.001; and %Ratio FEV1/FV, r = -0.47, p < 0.001) were significantly related to lung function among traffic police.

    Conclusions: Occupational factors play a crucial role, and hence, the authorities should take action in generating flexible working hours and the duration of services accordingly. The data from this study can help by serving as a reference to the top management of traffic police officers to develop occupational safety and health guideline for police officers to comply with the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA, Act 514 1994).

    Matched MeSH terms: Lung/physiopathology*
  15. Fulltext First-line erlotinib versus gemcitabine/cisplatin in patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer: analyses from the phase III, randomized, open-label, ENSURE study
    Wu YL, Zhou C, Liam CK, Wu G, Liu X, Zhong Z, et al.
    Ann Oncol, 2015 Sep;26(9):1883-1889.
    PMID: 26105600 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv270
    BACKGROUND: The phase III, randomized, open-label ENSURE study (NCT01342965) evaluated first-line erlotinib versus gemcitabine/cisplatin (GP) in patients from China, Malaysia and the Philippines with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

    PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients ≥18 years old with histologically/cytologically confirmed stage IIIB/IV EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-2 were randomized 1:1 to receive erlotinib (oral; 150 mg once daily until progression/unacceptable toxicity) or GP [G 1250 mg/m(2) i.v. days 1 and 8 (3-weekly cycle); P 75 mg/m(2) i.v. day 1, (3-weekly cycle) for up to four cycles]. Primary end point: investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS). Other end points include objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), and safety.

    RESULTS: A total of 217 patients were randomized: 110 to erlotinib and 107 to GP. Investigator-assessed median PFS was 11.0 months versus 5.5 months, erlotinib versus GP, respectively [hazard ratio (HR), 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.22-0.51; log-rank P < 0.0001]. Independent Review Committee-assessed median PFS was consistent (HR, 0.42). Median OS was 26.3 versus 25.5 months, erlotinib versus GP, respectively (HR, 0.91, 95% CI 0.63-1.31; log-rank P = .607). ORR was 62.7% for erlotinib and 33.6% for GP. Treatment-related serious adverse events (AEs) occurred in 2.7% versus 10.6% of erlotinib and GP patients, respectively. The most common grade ≥3 AEs were rash (6.4%) with erlotinib, and neutropenia (25.0%), leukopenia (14.4%), and anemia (12.5%) with GP.

    CONCLUSION: These analyses demonstrate that first-line erlotinib provides a statistically significant improvement in PFS versus GP in Asian patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC (NCT01342965).

    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy*; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy*; Lung Neoplasms/genetics; Lung Neoplasms/mortality
  16. Fulltext Recanalization of an occluded left pulmonary artery: A case report and review of the literature
    Elarabi AI, Leong MC, Alwi M
    Ann Pediatr Cardiol, 2017 6 2;10(2):203-205.
    PMID: 28566832 DOI: 10.4103/0974-2069.205157
    We report an 8-year-old male child with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), who developed left pulmonary artery (LPA) atresia, following surgical repair of TOF and left pulmonary arterioplasty at the age of 6 years. He underwent successful radiofrequency recanalization and stenting of the LPA. The LPA exhibited satisfactory growth for 3 months, following recanalization and stenting.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung
  17. Retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants
    Chye JK, Lim CT, Leong HL, Wong PK
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1999 Mar;28(2):193-8.
    PMID: 10497665
    This study aims to determine the prevalence of and risk factors associated with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. All premature VLBW infants, admitted into the neonatal intensive care unit of the University Hospital Kuala Lumpur, were screened from 4 weeks of life. Perinatal and neonatal data were retrieved from the infants' medical notes. Between August 1994 and July 1996, 100 infants had their eyes examined serially. Of the 15 (15%) infants with ROP, all were less than 31 weeks gestation, and only 1 infant had birth weight above 1250 g. Five (5%) infants had severe ROP; 4 infants underwent cryotherapy for stage 3 threshold disease. Infants with ROP, as compared to infants without ROP, had lower birth weight [mean (SEM) 993 (50) g versus 1205 (22) g, P < 0.001], lower gestational age [mean (SEM) 28.0 (0.4) weeks versus 30.1 (0.2) weeks, P < 0.001], higher rates of patent ductus arteriosus and chronic lung disease, greater number of radiographic examinations and episodes of late-onset suspected/confirmed sepsis, and required longer duration of supplemental oxygen, ventilation, xanthine, antibiotics and intralipid use, but were slower to establish full enteral feeds. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, birth weight < or = 1000 g [OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.25, 4.55, P = 0.009] and gestational age < or = 28 weeks [OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.47, 5.56, P = 0.002] were significant predictors of increased risk of this disease. In conclusion, ROP is strongly associated with smaller, more immature and sicker neonates. Prevention of prematurity would help reduce the incidence of this disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/epidemiology
  18. An epidemiological study of lung functions and hearing acuity in Singapore firemen
    Phoon WO, Ong CN, Foo SC, Plueksawan W
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1984 Apr;13(2 Suppl):408-16.
    PMID: 6497345
    This study was conducted on 506 firemen in Singapore. Interviews, pulmonary function tests and audiometry were conducted. With regard to pulmonary function, the results showed that forced vital capacity (FVC) increased up to the age of 25-30 years for both Chinese and Malays. Both FVC and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0) increased with standing height over the whole age range studied. The mean values of FVC and FEV1.0 were higher in Chinese. It was also found that the FEV1 of the subjects in the study showed a greater decline in rate with age than other workers studied by the authors previously. The hearing threshold of 83 fire fighters showed a prominent upward shift of 6-8 KHz at ages 20-30. This upward shift was more pronounced in the right ear. The implications of the findings are discussed and a comparison with results of other similar studies in other countries is made.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung/physiology*; Lung/physiopathology
  19. Dyspnoea in young adults due to pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis from gastric carcinoma
    Liam CK, Looi LM, Pailoor J, Alhady SF
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1989 Nov;18(6):713-6.
    PMID: 2624423
    Three cases of progressive dyspnoea in young female adults due to pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis are reported. The underlying primary neoplasm was gastric carcinoma in all 3 cases. The diagnosis was not suspected in 2 patients because of their young age.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms/complications; Lung Neoplasms/secondary*
  20. Fulltext Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia of Infancy. Clinical Score and Comorbidities
    Liptzin DR, Pickett K, Brinton JT, Agarwal A, Fishman MP, Casey A, et al.
    Ann Am Thorac Soc, 2020 Jun;17(6):724-728.
    PMID: 32109152 DOI: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201908-617OC
    Rationale: Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) is an important form of children's interstitial and diffuse lung disease for which the diagnostic strategy has evolved. The prevalence of comorbidities in NEHI that may influence treatment has not been previously assessed.Objectives: To evaluate a previously unpublished NEHI clinical score for assistance in diagnosis of NEHI and to assess comorbidities in NEHI.Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of 199 deidentified patients with NEHI from 11 centers. Data were collected in a centralized Research Electronic Data Capture registry and we performed descriptive statistics.Results: The majority of patients with NEHI were male (66%). The sensitivity of the NEHI Clinical Score was 87% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-0.91) for all patients from included centers and 93% (95% CI, 0.86-0.97) for those with complete scores (e.g., no missing data). Findings were similar when we limited the population to the 75 patients diagnosed by lung biopsy (87%; 95% CI, 0.77-0.93). Of those patients evaluated for comorbidities, 51% had gastroesophageal reflux, 35% had aspiration or were at risk for aspiration, and 17% had evidence of immune system abnormalities.Conclusions: The NEHI Clinical Score is a sensitive tool for clinically evaluating NEHI; however, its specificity has not yet been addressed. Clinicians should consider evaluating patients with NEHI for comorbidities, including gastroesophageal reflux, aspiration, and immune system abnormalities, because these can contribute to the child's clinical picture and may influence clinical course and treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases, Interstitial/diagnosis*; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/pathology; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/physiopathology
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