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  1. A Razak SA, Mohd Gazzali A, Fisol FA, M Abdulbaqi I, Parumasivam T, Mohtar N, et al.
    Cancers (Basel), 2021 Jan 22;13(3).
    PMID: 33499040 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030400
    Docetaxel (DCX) is a highly effective chemotherapeutic drug used in the treatment of different types of cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The drug is known to have low oral bioavailability due to its low aqueous solubility, poor membrane permeability and susceptibility to hepatic first-pass metabolism. To mitigate these problems, DCX is administered via the intravenous route. Currently, DCX is commercially available as a single vial that contains polysorbate 80 and ethanol to solubilize the poorly soluble drug. However, this formulation causes short- and long-term side effects, including hypersensitivity, febrile neutropenia, fatigue, fluid retention, and peripheral neuropathy. DCX is also a substrate to the drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp) that would reduce its concentration within the vicinity of the cells and lead to the development of drug resistance. Hence, the incorporation of DCX into various nanocarrier systems has garnered a significant amount of attention in recent years to overcome these drawbacks. The surfaces of these drug-delivery systems indeed can be functionalized by modification with different ligands for smart targeting towards cancerous cells. This article provides an overview of the latest nanotechnological approaches and the delivery systems that were developed for passive and active delivery of DCX via different routes of administration for the treatment of lung cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Lung Neoplasms
  2. Che Ani AA, Mohd Akhir S, Chiang Li-Xue W, Shahidan NZ, Abd Hamid A
    Monaldi Arch Chest Dis, 2021 Jul 22;91(4).
    PMID: 34296835 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2021.1845
    Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a widely used dermal filler for soft tissue augmentation. We described a case of a 38-year-old transwoman who presented with sudden onset of severe respiratory distress following self-injection of HA dermal filler. She developed multiple episodes of pulmonary haemorrhage, and her chest X-ray showed diffuse ground-glass opacities consistent with diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH). There were no relevant drugs or past medical histories. Anti-nuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factor were negative. Initially, the pulmonary haemorrhage episodes and ventilation requirement improved with systemic steroid, however she subsequently developed acute myocardial infarction with progressive clinical deterioration leading to death. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first HA-related DAH with myocardial infarction reported with a fatal outcome. This case highlights the importance of awareness and the necessity of having a high suspicion of DAH in patients with history of illicit HA dermal filler use.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases*
  3. Ho YF, Karsani SA, Yong WK, Abd Malek SN
    PMID: 23533528 DOI: 10.1155/2013/857257
    Researchers are looking into the potential development of natural compounds for anticancer therapy. Previous studies have postulated the cytotoxic effect of helichrysetin towards different cancer cell lines. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of helichrysetin, a naturally occurring chalcone on four selected cancer cell lines, A549, MCF-7, Ca Ski, and HT-29, and further elucidated its biochemical and molecular mechanisms in human lung adenocarcinoma, A549. Helichrysetin showed the highest cytotoxic activity against Ca Ski followed by A549. Changes in the nuclear morphology of A549 cells such as chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation were observed in cells treated with helichrysetin. Further evidence of apoptosis includes the externalization of phosphatidylserine and the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential which are both early signs of apoptosis. These signs of apoptosis are related to cell cycle blockade at the S checkpoint which suggests that the alteration of the cell cycle contributes to the induction of apoptosis in A549. These results suggest that helichrysetin has great potentials for development as an anticancer agent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms
  4. Adam A, Marzuki A, Abdul Rahman H, Abdul Aziz M
    Vet Hum Toxicol, 1997 Jun;39(3):147-51.
    PMID: 9167243
    The toxicities of ROUNDUP and its component chemicals, glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) and polyoxyethyleneamine (POEA), were determined at 0, 1, 3, 6 and 24 h following administration to rats. The intratracheal administration of glyphosate (0.2 g/kg), POEA (0.1 g/kg), a mixture of glyphosate (0.2 g/kg) + POEA (0.1 g/kg), or ROUNDUP (containing 0.2 g/kg glyphosate and 0.1 g/kg POEA) elicited immediate respiratory effects which were more severe and which lasted longer in the groups receiving the POEA-containing preparations than in the glyphosate alone group. By 1 h, all test preparations had caused deaths, but more occurred from the POEA-containing preparations than from glyphosate. The po administration of POEA (1 g/kg), the mixture of glyphosate (2 g/kg) +POEA (1 g/kg), or ROUNDUP (containing 2 g/kg glyphosate and 1 g/kg POEA) produced diarrhea and blood-stained weeping from noses. Death was only seen from POEA at 24 h. Glyphosate (2 g/kg po) produced transient diarrhea without nose bleeds; POEA caused diarrhea at 1 h; and the mixture of POEA + glyphosate produced diarrhea later that increased in severity with time. Bloody nose secretions were seen only with the preparations that contained POEA. No deaths, respiratory effects or bloody nose secretions occurred in controls given saline. Both POEA and glyphosate caused lung hemorrhages and lung epithelial cell damage with po or intratracheal exposures. These results indicate POEA and preparations that contained POEA were more toxic than glyphosate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung/drug effects
  5. Soo CI, Ng BH, Tan EL, Abdul Hamid F
    SAGE Open Med Case Rep, 2016;4:2050313X16650323.
    PMID: 27489719 DOI: 10.1177/2050313X16650323
    Pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is an uncommon lung malignancy of endothelial origin. Besides demonstrating unpredictable presentation features and prognosis, the paucity of established treatment guidelines remains a challenge in managing these patients. We present two patients. The first patient presented with chronic productive cough over 1-year duration. He was initially diagnosed and showed partial response to treatment for cardiac failure. A persistent right upper zone consolidation on chest radiograph prompted further investigations which revealed the diagnosis of pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. The second patient presented with right-sided hemiparesis for 1-month duration. Initial computer tomography scan of the brain showed findings of distant metastatic foci. Subsequent investigations revealed pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma as the primary lesion. Both patients succumbed without any treatment due to rapid progression of the disease. We believe that pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is undoubtedly rarely reported in south-east Asia region. In these two case reports, the patients were diagnosed in west and east Malaysia, respectively, in the same year (2015). Both cases highlight the increasing prevalence of pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. We postulate that this could possibly be secondary to the advancement in diagnostic capabilities and improved healthcare facilities available in this region. Late presentation of pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma generally results in grave prognosis. Further investigations are required to elucidate the nature of progression and therapeutic options for patients with pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms
  6. Subapriya Suppiah, Fathinul Fikri Ahmad Saad, Nur Hafizah Mohad Azmi, Abdul Jalil Nordin
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Specific mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) characterize a subgroup of nonsmall
    cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients that may be highly responsive to receptor inhibitor therapy. 18F-FDG PET/CT
    scans can map the glucose metabolism and treatment response of NSCLC. Therefore, we aimed to assess the pattern
    of metabolic response and outcome of inoperable NSCLC treated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)
    inhibitors, using 18F-FDG PET/CT scan. Methods: A retrospective study of inoperable NSCLC patients on EGFR
    inhibitor treatment that were referred for wholebody18F-FDG PET/CT scans was conducted based on cases scanned
    from January 2011 to June 2014. Comparison was made among serial attenuation-corrected fused PET/CT images for
    all study patients throughout the course of their treatment. Comparison based on PERCIST criteria was categorized
    into 4 levels ie. complete response (CMR), partial response (PMR), stable disease (SMD), progressive metabolic
    disease (PMD). Results: Overall, there were 5 patients identified, mean age: 57.4 years old +/- 2.9 years; The median
    survival time from initiation of EGFR inhibitor treatment to death was 17 months. Two patients showed initial partial
    metabolic response (PMR), two had progressive metabolic disease (PMD) and one had complete metabolic response
    (CMR) after the initiation of treatment. The patient with initial CMR had relapse and PMD 5 months later. Majority of
    patients eventually succumbed to their illness. Conclusions: Wholebody18F-FDG PET/CT is able to assess metabolic
    treatment response of NSCLC towards EGFR inhibitor treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Lung Neoplasms
  7. Kamal, I., Salehhon, N., Hashim, S., Musa, Y., Abdul Karim, M. K.
    MyJurnal
    The aimed of this study is to estimate the entrance surface dose (ESD) of routine chest X-ray (CXR) examination and to compare the direct and indirect measurement. This study also extended to relate with the patients body thickness and established lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of the examinations. A total of 101 CXR examinations in posteroanterior (PA) projections were selected
    as subjects and data, such as patient habitus and scanning acquisition parameters were recorded. The mean ESD value obtained from the TLD-100 and the software calculation was 0.31 mGy and 0.17 mGy, respectively. The percentage deviation obtained ranged from 25.5% to 61.3%. In comparison with the national diagnostic reference level (DRL), the mean values of ESD obtained from this study were lower by a factor of 3. Furthermore, it was observed that the mean absorbed dose of the adrenals, kidneys, lungs, oesophagus, and heart walls were lower as compared to the ESD value. The examinations were only associated with very low risk of cancer incidence and mortality. Hence, the results of this study suggested a need for standardisations of the personnel training to perform X-ray examinations according to ALARA principles.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung
  8. Mohd Esa NY, Faisal M, Vengadesa Pilla S, Abdul Rahaman JA
    BMJ Case Rep, 2020 Dec 22;13(12).
    PMID: 33370965 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236414
    Tracheal tear after endotracheal intubation is extremely rare. The role of silicone Y-stent in the management of tracheal injury has been documented in the previous studies. However, none of the studies have mentioned the deployment of silicone Y-stent via rigid bronchoscope with the patient solely supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) without general anaesthesia delivered via the side port of the rigid bronchoscope. We report a patient who had a tracheal tear due to endotracheal tube migration following a routine video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery sympathectomy, which was successfully managed with silicone Y-stent insertion. Procedure was done while she was undergoing ECMO; hence, no ventilator connection to the side port of the rigid scope was required. This was our first experience in performing Y-stent insertion fully under ECMO, and the patient had a successful recovery.
    Matched MeSH terms: One-Lung Ventilation/instrumentation
  9. Ng BH, Mohd Aminudin NH, Nasaruddin MZ, Abdul Rahaman JA
    BMJ Case Rep, 2021 Feb 05;14(2).
    PMID: 33547099 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-239702
    Patients with symptomatic complex malignant pleural effusion (MPE) are frequently unfit for decortication and have a poorer prognosis. Septations can develop in MPE, which may lead to failure of complete drainage and pleural infection. Intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy (IPFT) is an alternative treatment. The use of IPFT in patients with anaemia and high risk for intrapleural bleeding is not well established. We report a successful drainage of complex haemoserous MPE with a single modified low-dose of intrapleural 5 mg of alteplase and 5 mg of dornase alfa in a patient with pre-existing anaemia with no significant risk of intrapleural bleeding.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy; Lung Neoplasms/pathology
  10. Mohd Alkaf AL, Syed Rasul SH, Abdul Rahman I
    Med J Malaysia, 2016 04;71(2):96-7.
    PMID: 27326956 MyJurnal
    Symptomatic bronchial artery aneurysm warrants urgent intervention. It has a known association with pulmonary infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus. We hereby report an elderly lady with a ruptured left superior bronchial artery mycotic aneurysm. She was in the early stages of treatment for a left lung abscess. She had multiple episodes of haemoptysis following which she underwent a left lower lobectomy. Presentation of lung abscess with a concurrent ruptured mycotic aneurysm warrants early surgical intervention and can be curative as seen in this case.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Abscess/complications*
  11. Maarof NNN, Alsalahi A, Abdulmalek E, Fakurazi S, Tejo BA, Abdul Rahman MB
    Cancers (Basel), 2021 Feb 08;13(4).
    PMID: 33567737 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040688
    Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluated the afatinib efficacy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC). This review systemically outlined and meta-analyzed the afatinib efficacy in NSCLC and R/M HNSCC in terms of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) endpoints. Records were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect from 2011 to 2020. Eight afatinib RCTs were included and assessed for the risk of bias. In meta-analysis, overall pooled effect size (ES) of OS in afatinib group (AG) significantly improved in all RCTs and NSCLC-RCTs [hazard ratios (HRs): 0.89 (95% CI: 0.81-0.98, p = 0.02); I2 = 0%, p = 0.71/ 0.86 (95% CI: 0.76-0.97; p = 0.02); I2 = 0%, p = 0.50, respectively]. ES of PFS in AG significantly improved in all RCTs, NSCLC-RCTs, and HNSCC-RCTs [HRs: 0.75 (95% CI: 0.68-0.83; p < 0.00001); I2 = 26%, p = 0.24; 0.75 (95% CI: 0.66-0.84; p < 0.00001); I2 = 47%, p = 0.15/0.76 (95% CI: 0.65-88; p = 0.0004); I2 = 34%, p = 0.0004, respectively]. From a clinical viewpoint of severity, interstitial lung disease, dyspnea, pneumonia, acute renal failure, and renal injury were rarely incident adverse events in the afatinib group. In conclusion, first- and second-line afatinib monotherapy improved the survival of patients with NSCLC, while second-line afatinib monotherapy could be promising for R/M HNSCC. The prospective protocol is in PROSPERO (ID = CRD42020204547).
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Lung Diseases, Interstitial
  12. Kamal NAMA, Abdulmalek E, Fakurazi S, Cordova KE, Abdul Rahman MB
    Dalton Trans, 2021 Feb 23;50(7):2375-2386.
    PMID: 33555001 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00116g
    Chemotherapeutic agents used in treating certain cancer types operate in a non-selective manner tending to accumulate in normal, healthy tissue when high doses are used. To mitigate the toxicity effect resulting from this, there is an urgent need to develop active nano delivery systems capable of regulating optimal doses specifically to cancer cells without harming adjacent normal cells. Herein, we report a versatile nanoparticle - zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (nZIF-8) - that is loaded with a chemotherapeutic agent (gemcitabine; GEM) and surface-functionalized with an autonomous homing system (Arg-Gly-Asp peptide ligand; RGD) via a straightforward, one-pot solvothermal reaction. Successful functionalization of the surface of nZIF-8 loaded GEM (GEM⊂nZIF-8) with RGD was proven by spectroscopic and electron microscopy techniques. This surface-functionalized nanoparticle (GEM⊂RGD@nZIF-8) exhibited enhanced uptake in human lung cancer cells (A549), compared with non-functionalized GEM⊂nZIF-8. The GEM⊂RGD@nZIF-8, experienced not only efficient uptake within A549, but also induced obvious cytotoxicity (75% at a concentration of 10 μg mL-1) and apoptosis (62%) after 48 h treatment when compared to the nanoparticle absent of the RGD homing system (GEM⊂nZIF-8). Most importantly, this surface-functionalized nanoparticle was more selective towards lung cancer cells (A549) than normal human lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5) with a selectivity index (SI) of 3.98. This work demonstrates a new one-pot strategy for realizing a surface-functionalized zeolitic imidazolate framework that actively targets cancer cells via an autonomous homing peptide system to deliver a chemotherapeutic payload effectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy*
  13. Arbain NH, Salim N, Masoumi HRF, Wong TW, Basri M, Abdul Rahman MB
    Drug Deliv Transl Res, 2019 04;9(2):497-507.
    PMID: 29541999 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0509-5
    Bioavailability of quercetin, a flavonoid potentially known to combat cancer, is challenging due to hydrophobic nature. Oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion system could be used as nanocarrier for quercertin to be delivered to lung via pulmonary delivery. The novelty of this nanoformulation was introduced by using palm oil ester/ricinoleic acid as oil phase which formed spherical shape nanoemulsion as measured by transmission electron microscopy and Zetasizer analyses. High energy emulsification method and D-optimal mixture design were used to optimize the composition towards the volume median diameter. The droplet size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of the optimized formulation were 131.4 nm, 0.257, and 51.1 mV, respectively. The formulation exhibited high drug entrapment efficiency and good stability against phase separation and storage at temperature 4 °C for 3 months. It was discovered that the system had an acceptable median mass aerodynamic diameter (3.09 ± 0.05 μm) and geometric standard deviation (1.77 ± 0.03) with high fine particle fraction (90.52 ± 0.10%), percent dispersed (83.12 ± 1.29%), and percent inhaled (81.26 ± 1.28%) for deposition in deep lung. The in vitro release study demonstrated that the sustained release pattern of quercetin from naneomulsion formulation up to 48 h of about 26.75% release and it was in adherence to Korsmeyer's Peppas mechanism. The cytotoxicity study demonstrated that the optimized nanoemulsion can potentially induce cyctotoxicity towards A549 lung cancer cells without affecting the normal cells. These results of the study suggest that nanoemulsion is a potential carrier system for pulmonary delivery of molecules with low water solubility like quercetin.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung/metabolism
  14. Dabbagh A, Abu Kasim NH, Yeong CH, Wong TW, Abdul Rahman N
    J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv, 2018 06;31(3):139-154.
    PMID: 29022837 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2017.1382
    Targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics through the respiratory system is a potential approach to improve drug accumulation in the lung tumor, while decreasing their negative side effects. However, elimination by the pulmonary clearance mechanisms, including the mucociliary transport system, and ingestion by the alveolar macrophages, rapid absorption into the blood, enzymatic degradation, and low control over the deposition rate and location remain the main complications for achieving an effective pulmonary drug delivery. Therefore, particle-based delivery systems have emerged to minimize pulmonary clearance mechanisms, enhance drug therapeutic efficacy, and control the release behavior. A successful implementation of a particle-based delivery system requires understanding the influential parameters in terms of drug carrier, inhalation technology, and health status of the patient's respiratory system. This review aims at investigating the parameters that significantly drive the clinical outcomes of various particle-based pulmonary delivery systems. This should aid clinicians in appropriate selection of a delivery system according to their clinical setting. It will also guide researchers in addressing the remaining challenges that need to be overcome to enhance the efficiency of current pulmonary delivery systems for aerosols.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung/metabolism*; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
  15. Lim JL, Yusof NS, Md Tarekh NA, Abdul Rahman R
    Cureus, 2020 Nov 19;12(11):e11580.
    PMID: 33364104 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11580
    Dermatomyositis is often presented as paraneoplastic syndrome. The diagnosis of dermatomyositis can prompt clinicians to further investigate the underlying cause, in particular malignancy. This case report illustrates the association of lung adenocarcinoma and dermatomyositis with antecedent presentation of cutaneous and musculoskeletal manifestations, one year prior to the diagnosis of carcinoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms
  16. Zainudin LD, Abdul Hafidz MI, Zakaria AF, Mohd Zim MA, Ismail AI, Abdul Rani MF
    Respirol Case Rep, 2016 Mar;4(1):19-21.
    PMID: 26839696 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.143
    We report a case of a 34-year-old lady with past history of asthma and pulmonary tuberculosis, who presented 5 weeks pregnant with acute dyspnea. Her chest X-ray showed left-sided complete lung collapse and concomitant right-sided pneumothorax. The pneumothorax was initially managed conservatively with a chest tube but due to its persistence despite suction, was subsequently changed to a Pneumostat(TM), with which she was later discharged. She had a normal echocardiography (ejection fraction [EF] 67%) at 5 weeks of gestation but developed pulmonary hypertension (EF 55%, pulmonary arterial pressure 40.7 mmHg) as the pregnancy progressed. She delivered a healthy baby at 35 weeks via elective lower section caesarean section with spinal anesthesia. We followed her up postnatally and noted the presence of left-sided pulmonary embolism, hypoplastic left lung, and left pulmonary artery. The management of this complex case involved a multidisciplinary effort between general medical, respiratory, obstetric, and cardiothoracic teams.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung
  17. Ong CK, Tan WC, Chan LC, Abdul Razak M
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Apr;67(2):222-3.
    PMID: 22822651 MyJurnal
    Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)--tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) like erlotinib and gefitinib have been approved as monotherapy for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after failure of at least one prior chemotherapy regimen. The use of EGFR-TKI is associated with unique and dramatic dermatologic side effects. We report 2 patients with NSCLC developing a typical acneiform (papulo-pustular) eruption shortly after initiation of EGFR-TKI.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy*
  18. Jalal TK, Khan AYF, Natto HA, Abdull Rasad MSB, Arifin Kaderi M, Mohammad M, et al.
    Nutr Cancer, 2019;71(5):792-805.
    PMID: 30614285 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1516790
    Nine phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in Artocarpus altilia fruit. One of the main compounds was quercetin, which is the major class of flavonoids has been identified and quantified in pulp part of A. altilis fruit of methanol extract. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro cytotoxic assay. Inhibitory concentration 50% concentration was determined using trypan blue exclusion assay. Apoptosis induction and cell cycle regulation were studied by flow cytometric analysis. The expression of apoptosis and cell cycle-related regulatory genes were assessed by RT-qPCR study of the methanol extract of pulp part on human lung carcinoma (A549) cell line. A significant increase of cells at G2/M phases was detected (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy*
  19. Wan Zaidi WA, Wan Jamaludin WF, Tumian NR, Abdul Wahid F
    Med J Malaysia, 2016 Aug;71(4):209-210.
    PMID: 27770123 MyJurnal DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00080209
    Pulmonary toxicity is a rare complication of Rituximab therapy. Although Rituximab is relatively safe and can be administered in an outpatient setting, Rituximab-associated lung disease has been reported and may cause mortality despite early detection. Typically the pulmonary toxicity occurs at around the fourth cycle of Rituximab. High index of suspicion is crucial and other concurrent pathology such as infective causes should be excluded. Radiological imaging and histological confirmation should be obtained and early treatment with corticosteroid should be initiated. Patients should receive counselling regarding respiratory symptoms and possible pulmonary toxicity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases
  20. Mahmud KA, Nasseri Z, Mohamed Mukari SA, Ismail F, Abdullah A
    Cureus, 2021 Mar 01;13(3):e13629.
    PMID: 33816028 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13629
    Temporal bone carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor of the head and neck region. Its clinical presentations can mimic benign ear diseases, leading to inaccurate diagnosis and substandard management. We present the case of a 53-year-old female with a three-month history of progressive right otalgia, otorrhea, and hearing loss. Otoscopic examination revealed a mass occupying the right external auditory canal. However, the lesion was presumed to be an aural polyp by several clinicians previously. Multiple courses of oral antibiotics had been prescribed before she was referred to our clinic for the non-resolving aural polyp. Imaging studies showed an external auditory canal soft tissue mass with extradural and parotid extension. The mass was biopsied, and the result was reported as squamous cell carcinoma of the temporal bone. The patient was advised for a total temporal bone resection and parotidectomy; however, she declined the surgical intervention. Within a month, the tumor had metastasized to her lung, liver, and vertebral bodies. She was referred to the Oncology team for palliative chemo-radiotherapy. Temporal bone malignancy must be considered as a differential diagnosis in a middle-aged or elderly patient with a non-resolving aural polyp without a chronic discharging ear. Imaging studies and histopathological evaluation should be prompted to ascertain the diagnosis. Repeated course of oral antibiotic will delay treatment and subsequently may lead to poor prognosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung
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