Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 405 in total

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  1. Aaina Mardhiah Binti Abdul Mutalib, Soo-Foon Moey, Nur Nadira Aiza Binti Kamarudin
    MyJurnal
    In Malaysia, breast cancer is the commonest cancer among women indicating that early diagnosis and screening practice is important to increase the survival rate. Breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammography are the main screening practices for breast cancer. Knowledge and awareness of breast cancer can play an important role in aiding early detection of breast cancer. Little is known about the knowledge of breast cancer and screening practices among the non-academic staff in IIUM, Kuantan. As such this study aims to determine the knowledge and screening practices of breast cancer amongst the non-academic staff at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan Campus. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 nonacademic staff from ten different departments in IIUM, Kuantan from March to April 2017. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire on knowledge of breast cancer and screening practices. The relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge of breast cancer and breast cancer screening practices were carried out using chi-square. No significance difference was found between knowledge of breast cancer and socio-demographic factors. However significant relationships were found between the age of respondents and BSE as well as the level of education of respondents and CBE. Most non-academic staff possessed an average level of knowledge on breast cancer and screening practices due to possibly ease of access to information. Low performance of breast screening practices was indicated possibly due to lack of awareness, misconception of the need and benefits derived from such screening practices.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening
  2. Abd Rahman R, Idris IB, Husnina Ibrahim
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Mental health problem is an important public health issue which causes deterioration in quality of life, function and financial capabilities. According to the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 1996, the prevalence of mental problem among adults in Malaysia was 10.7% and this has increased to 29.2% in NHMS 2015. The aim of this study was to evaluate the burden of depression, anxiety and stress among adults in a city in Klang Valley, Malaysia including its associated factors.
    Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by analysing secondary data obtained from screening program performed in six primary health clinics in the city throughout 2016. There were 576 adults participated in the screening program which consisted of mental health screening using Depression, Anxiety, Stress 21 (DASS-21) questionnaire and health status screening using Health Status Screening Form.
    Results: The prevalence of depression was 20.5%, anxiety was 44.5%, while stress was 10.1%. By using logistic regression, history of being abused was the only significant protective factor associated with depression, anxiety and stress with OR of 0.062 (95% CI 0.007; 0.563, p=0.004), OR of 0.001 (95% CI 0.000; -, p=0.001) and OR of 0.026 (95% CI 0.003; 0.238, p<0.001) respectively. Other independent variables were not statistically significant.
    Conclusions: As conclusions, surprisingly the risk of depression, anxiety and stress were not increased among participants who reported history of being abused. This was probably due to good coping mechanism among them. Nevertheless, early intervention needs to be emphasized to prevent mental disorders among this group of people in community.
    Keywords: Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Adults, Urban
    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening
  3. Abd Razak MA, Ahmad NA, Chan YY, Mohamad Kasim N, Yusof M, Abdul Ghani MKA, et al.
    Public Health, 2019 Apr;169:84-92.
    PMID: 30826688 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.01.001
    OBJECTIVES: This systematic review aims to provide updated and comprehensive evidence on the validity and feasibility of screening tools for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia among the elderly at primary healthcare level.

    STUDY DESIGN: A review of articles was performed.

    METHODS: A search strategy was used by using electronic bibliographic databases including PubMed, Embase and CENTRAL for published studies and reference list of published studies. The articles were exported to a bibliographic database for further screening process. Two reviewers worked independently to screen results and extract data from the included studies. Any discrepancies were resolved and confirmed by the consensus of all authors.

    RESULTS: There were three screening approaches for detecting MCI and dementia - screening by a healthcare provider, screening by a self-administered questionnaire and caretaker informant screening. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was the most common and preferable tool for MCI screening (sensitivity [Sn]: 81-97%; specificity [Sp]: 60-86%), whereas Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) was the preferable tool for dementia screening (Sn: 79-100%; Sp: 86%).

    CONCLUSION: This systematic review found that there are three screening approaches for detecting early dementia and MCI at primary health care. ACE and MoCA are recommended tools for screening of dementia and MCI, respectively.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening/methods*
  4. Abdul Rashid RM, Dahlui M
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2013;14(10):5867-70.
    PMID: 24289591
    BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among Malaysian women with an ASR of 17.9 and a mortality rate of 5.6 per 100,000 population in 2008 (GLOBOCAN, 2008). The 5 year prevalence was estimated to be 14.5 per 100,000 population. As the second most common cancer affecting productive females, cervical cancer imposes an impact to the socioeconomic aspect of the country. However, the poor uptake of cervical cancer screening is a major problem in detecting early pre-cancerous lesions and thus, delay in initiating treatment for cervical cancer. Realizing the urgency to increase the uptake of PAP smear, besides enhancing the promotion of PAP smear screening for women above 35 years old, the call-recall system for pap smear screening had been piloted in one of the suburban districts which aimed to improve regular participation of women for cervical and breast cancer screening. This is of public health importance as identifying the best feasible option to increase patient's respond to participate in the screening program effectively in our setting will be helpful in implementing an organized regular population based screening program tailored to our setting. The pilot program of cervical cancer screening in Klang was an opportunity to assess different options in recalling patients for a repeat pap smear to increase their participation and adherence to the program.

    METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a population based randomized control trial. Women aged 20-65 years in the population that matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria were re-called for a repeat smear. There are four different intervention groups; letter, registered letters, short messages services (SMS) and phone calls where 250 subjects were recruited into each group. Samples were generated randomly from the same population in Klang into four different groups. The first group received a recall letter for a repeat smear similar to the one that has been given during the first invitation. The intervention groups were either be given a registered letter, an SMS or a phone call to re-call them. The socio-demographic data of the patients who came for uptake were collected for further analysis. All the groups were followed up after 8 weeks to assess their compliance to the recall.

    CONCLUSIONS: The study will provide recommendations about the most effective methods for recall in a population based pap smear screening program on two outcomes: i) patients response; ii) uptake for repeat pap smear.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening/methods*
  5. Abdullah F, O'Rorke M, Murray L, Su TT
    Biomed Res Int, 2013;2013:572126.
    PMID: 24073411 DOI: 10.1155/2013/572126
    BACKGROUND: Despite the significant burden of cervical cancer, Malaysia like many middle-income countries relies on opportunistic cervical screening as opposed to a more organized population-based program. The aim of this study was to ascertain the effectiveness of a worksite screening initiative upon Papanicolaou smear test (Pap test) uptake among educated working women in Malaysia.

    METHODS: 403 female teachers who never or infrequently attended for a Pap test from 40 public secondary schools in Kuala Lumpur were recruited into a cluster randomized trial conducted between January and November 2010. The intervention group participated in a worksite cervical screening initiative whilst the control group received usual care from the existing cervical screening program. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the impact of the intervention program on Pap smear uptake after 24 weeks of followup.

    RESULTS: The proportion of women attending for a Pap test was significantly higher in the intervention than in the control group (18.1% versus 10.1%, P value < 0.05) with the worksite screening initiative doubling the Pap smear uptake, adjusted odds ratio 2.44 (95% CI: 1.29-4.62).

    CONCLUSION: Worksite health promotion interventions can effectively increase cervical smear uptake rates among eligible workers in middle-income countries. Policy makers and health care providers in these countries should include such interventions in strategies for reducing cervical cancer burden. This trial is registered with IRCT201103186088N1.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening*
  6. Abdullah F, Aziz NA, Su TT
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2011;12(5):1347-52.
    PMID: 21875295
    INTRODUCTION: The Pap smear test has been regarded as a promising cervical screening tool since 1940s. Yet its importance has been overlooked by beneficiaries in Malaysia. This underlines the need to identify the prevalence of Pap smear practice and influencing factors towards the practice among educated working women.

    METHODS: A survey was conducted with 403 female teachers from 40 public secondary schools in Malaysia selected by cluster random sampling. Data were collected from January to March 2010 using a self-administered questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the factors related to the Pap smear practice.

    RESULTS: The rate for participants who ever had Pap test was only 38% and poor practice of was significantly higher among: those with aged less than 35 years; those practicing hormonal contraceptive method; and individuals perceiving barriers to the Pap smear screening test. In contrast, the findings were significantly lower in women with longer duration of teaching service; higher income groups; ever pregnant; having chronic diseases; health insurance coverage; and who had perceived benefit of Pap smear screening.

    CONCLUSION: Barriers towards practicing Pap smear exist even among educated career women. Tailor-made health promotion and education on cervical cancer and the benefit of Pap smear screening are essential to change the behavior of the study population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening
  7. Abdullah F, Su TT
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2010;11(5):1359-66.
    PMID: 21198293
    INTRODUCTION: Cervical cancer has long been known as a preventable disease. Yet it still is a prime women's health issue globally. In Malaysia, the current cervical cancer screening program, introduced in the 1960s, has been found to be unsuccessful in terms of Pap smear coverage. The aim of this study is to determine providers perceptives on the program and the feasibility of practicing an organized cervical screening program in Malaysia.

    METHODS: 11 key informant interviews were conducted with policy makers and health care providers from the Ministry of Health in Malaysia from October 2009 to May 2010. Interviewees' perceptions were explored on current and organized cervical screening program based on their expertise and experience.

    RESULTS: The results highlighted that the existing cervical screening program in Malaysia faced flaws at all levels that failed to reduce cervical cancer morbidity and mortality. The identified weaknesses were poor acceptance by women, lack of commitment by health care providers, nature of the program, an improper follow-up system, limited resources and other competing needs. Complementarily, all interviewees perceived an organized cervical screening program as an alternative approach both feasible and acceptable by women and government to practice in Malaysia.

    CONCLUSION: Better screening coverage depends on an effective screening program that incorporates a behaviour-based strategy. A new program should be focused in the policy-making context to improve screening coverage and to effectively combat cervical cancer.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening/methods
  8. Abdullah N, Abd Jalal N, Ismail N, Kamaruddin MA, Abd Mutalib NS, Alias MR, et al.
    Cancer Epidemiol, 2020 04;65:101656.
    PMID: 31923638 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2019.101656
    BACKGROUND: There has been a rapid increase in colorectal cancer (CRC) cases in Asian countries, including Malaysia. CRC is usually diagnosed at a late stage, and early detection of CRC is vital in improving survival. This study was conducted to determine the uptake rate of the immunochemical faecal occult blood test (iFOBT), the response rate to colonoscopy, and the CRC detection rate. We also wanted to identify the association between colorectal neoplasia and the Asia Pacific Colorectal Cancer Screening (APCS) scoring system.

    METHODS: We recruited 2264 individuals from The Malaysian Cohort participants aged 35-65 years who consented to colorectal screening using the iFOBT kit from July 2017 until January 2019.

    RESULTS: The response rate and positive iFOBT test rate of this study were 79.6% and 13.1% respectively. Among those with positive results, 125 individuals (52.7%) underwent colonoscopy; CRC was detected in six of them while 45 others (36.0%) had polyps. The overall CRC detection rate was 0.3% while the colorectal neoplasia detection rate (both colorectal cancer and colorectal polyps) was 2.3%. The APCS scoring indicated a significant association with colorectal neoplasia risk, with increasing trend by severity from moderate to high risk (3.46-11.14) compared to low risk. Most of the participants who were positive for iFOBT were those at high risk.

    CONCLUSIONS: The awareness of CRC risk and iFOBT screening are important strategies for early detection of CRC. We showed a CRC detection rate of 0.3 % among those who volunteered to have the iFOBT screening.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening
  9. Abdullah NN, Aziz NA, Rampal S, Al-Sadat N
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2011;12(10):2643-7.
    PMID: 22320967
    BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Malaysia. Of the total cancer cases registered in the National Cancer Registry for 2006, 3,525 were female breast cancer cases. The overall age standardized rate was 39.3 per 100,000 population in 2006. An estimated 30%-40% were diagnosed in the late stages and this had resulted in poor survival rates. The purpose of the study was to determine the factors and barriers related to mammography screening uptake among hospital personnel.

    METHODS: This mixed method explanatory study was carried out on a universal sampling of 707 female personnel aged 40 and above, from June 2007 until November 2007. The study was conducted at University Malaya Medical Centre, a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur. Pre-tested self-administered questionnaires were mailed to eligible personnel.

    RESULTS: The prevalence of mammography screening uptake was 80.3% (95%CI: 76.8%,83.5%) among 534 respondents. Personnel who had physician recommendation had significantly higher odds of mammography screening uptake compared to those who did not have recommendation, adjusted odds ratio of 21.25 (95%CI:12.71,36.56). Reported barriers can be grouped into several themes; negative perception of the procedure like embarrassment due to the presence of male technicians/radiographers; low confidence with radiologist/radiographers in detecting abnormality; lack of coping skills in dealing with expected results and pain during procedure.

    CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study highlighted that 20% of personnel did not undertake mammography screening although there is no cost incurred and the procedure is fully accessible to them. Opportunistic recommendation by physician and concerns on the procedure should be addressed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data
  10. Abdullah NN, Daud S, Al-Kubaisy W, Saari IS, Saad SR
    Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2016 Nov;206:136-140.
    PMID: 27693934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.09.011
    OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and predictors of Pap smear screening among women aged 50 years and older.
    STUDY DESIGN: This cross-sectional study was conducted at two large urban health centres in Selangor. A total of 515 women aged 50 and older were recruited.
    RESULTS: The mean age of the respondents was 58.83±7.05, with a range of 50- 83 years. The prevalence of Pap smear screening was 39.22% (n=202). From the multivariate analysis, Pap smear screening was significantly associated with health care provider advice (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=18.75; 95% CI=8.30, 42.37); tertiary (AOR=11.26; 95% CI=1.50, 84.68) and secondary education level (AOR=9.47; 95% CI=1.43, 62.84); use of contraception (AOR=2.90; 95% CI=1.48, 5.69); heart disease (AOR=0.22; 95% CI=0.05, 0.97); and worry about Pap smear results (AOR=0.20; 95% CI=0.09, 0.42).
    CONCLUSION: The prevalence of Pap smear screening in the older women is unsatisfactory. Health care provider advice, education level, use of contraception, heart disease and worry about Pap smear results were predictors of undergoing Pap smear screening in this study population.
    Study site: Two Klinik Kesihatan in Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data
  11. Adekunjo FO, Rasiah R, Dahlui M, Ng CW
    Afr J AIDS Res, 2020 Dec;19(4):287-295.
    PMID: 33337980 DOI: 10.2989/16085906.2020.1834417
    HIV/AIDS is a major health issue faced by the world, generally, but particularly sub-Saharan Africa. Nigeria ranked third in the world by number of people living with HIV/AIDS in 2019. Despite prominent HIV counselling and testing (HCT) intervention programmes, Nigeria faces serious challenges, such as inadequate funding and low utilisation rates. Paucity of research into such a critical topic has restricted the capacity of policy makers to address the problem adequately. Consequently, a cross-sectional study was carried out using the contingent valuation method to assess the economic quantum of payment and determining factors associated with people's willingness to pay for HCT services. Data were collected from 768 people selected by convenience sampling of three local government areas - Alimosho, Ikorodu and Surulere in Lagos State, Nigeria. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and general linear regression model analysis. Findings show that 75% of respondents were willing to pay an average fee of N1 291 ($4.22) for HCT services. Significant determinants of willingness to pay were: income; knowledge of someone living with HIV or died of AIDS; worry about HIV infection; and fear of HIV-related stigma. The findings offer vital information germane to co-payment schemes aimed at financial sustainability of HCT and HIV/AIDS programmes in Nigeria.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening/economics*; Mass Screening/psychology
  12. Affandi MZ, Dun T, Mantuano V, Sidhu R, Lumplugh C, Telisinghe PU
    Acta Cytol., 1993 Mar-Apr;37(2):175-80.
    PMID: 8465637
    During the five-year period from January 1985 to December 1989 a total of 27,208 women, representing 44.0% of the total female population over age 15 years in Brunei Darussalam, underwent a cytologic examination. The majority of them were Malays (62.32%), followed by Chinese (22.23%), while the remainder were the expatriate population living in the country. High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (moderate dysplasia) was detected in 88 women (3.3/1,000), high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (carcinoma in situ) was seen in 32 women (1.22/1,000), and invasive carcinoma was found in 43 women (1.37/1,000). The overall detection rate for cervical cancer was 2.79/1,000 women in the population screened. In Brunei Darussalam Malay women marry at an early age, 44% by the age of 19 years, leading to sexual contact before the age of 20. However, the incidence of cervical cancer is low among them. This could be because they belong to the Orthodox Muslim Society, in which promiscuity is not permitted. Hence, multiple sex partners could be an important factor in the etiology of cervical cancer, confirming the current trend of thought that cervical cancer is a sexually transmitted disease. A comparison of the epidemiologic risk factors among the various races living in Brunei Darussalam is made.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening
  13. Agarwal G, Pradeep PV, Aggarwal V, Yip CH, Cheung PS
    World J Surg, 2007 May;31(5):1031-40.
    PMID: 17387549
    Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Asia, and in recent years is emerging as the commonest female malignancy in the developing Asian countries, overtaking cancer of the uterine cervix. There have been no studies objectively comparing data and facts relating to breast cancer in the developed, newly developed, and developing Asian countries thus far.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening
  14. Agide FD, Garmaroudi G, Sadeghi R, Shakibazadeh E, Yaseri M, Koricha ZB, et al.
    Eur J Public Health, 2018 12 01;28(6):1156-1162.
    PMID: 30346504 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky197
    Background: Cervical cancer screening reduced cancer morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Health education interventions are expected to enhance screening and early detection. Thus, this review is aimed to see the effectiveness of the interventions in cervical cancer screening uptake.

    Methods: Online databases (PubMed/MEDLINE/PubMed Central, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science and Google Scholar) were searched for all published eligible research articles in the past 12 years (as of January 2005-2017). A total of 17 research articles were included. The interventions were classified as 'individual level', 'community level' and 'cultural sensitive educations' which contains various interventions in their content as compared with usual care. A quality coding system was assessed using Cochrane checklists and rated by each researcher independently and the average score was given accordingly. This study was registered in PROSPERO 2017: CRD42017060405.

    Results: The review dovetailed 17 studies. Ten studies (58.82%) were conducted in the United States, three in Iran (17.65%) and one each in Malaysia, China, Cameroon and Nigeria (23.53%). Almost all levels of the interventions boosted the screening uptake and the Pap test. However, the individual level health education interventions were prioritized in many of the studies.

    Conclusion: The review indicated that health education interventions have immense contributions in boosting the screening uptake. However, the effectiveness varies with study setting, populations and the way of delivery. Therefore, the limited quality of the studies indicated that further research is required to develop a simple and effective intervention to boost cervical cancer screening uptake.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening
  15. Ahmad Badruddin Ghazali, Nur Imanina Abdullah Thaidi
    MyJurnal
    The purpose of this study was to integrate the available data published to date on susuk or charm needles into a com- prehensive analysis of their clinical/radiological features. An electronic search was undertaken in September 2019. Eligibility criteria included publications having enough clinical and radiological to confirm a definite diagnosis. The initial literature search resulted in 48 publications. Ten publications were excluded for duplicates, and another 17 excluded after a screening of the abstract. Besides, the screening of the abstract shows that five publications were not meeting the inclusion criteria, resulting in a total of 14 publications of susuk that were included in the systematic review. Bias analysis was conducted according to Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine. The resulting total of 78 cases from the selected publications were analysed, showing a wide age range with different distribution among gender and ethnicity. Three cases reported in the literature having symptoms related to susuk. Susuk can be seen as an incidental finding during a routine radiographic assessment, and clinicians should be able to differentiate it from other radiopaque foreign bodies. The practice is not limited to South East Asian population and can be seen in wide racial profiles.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening
  16. Ahmadian M, Samah AA, Redzuan M, Emby Z
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012;13(3):969-74.
    PMID: 22631681
    Mammography utilization is low in Iran compared with other countries. Here a cross-sectional survey design was used to investigate psycho-social and individual factors associated with mammography among 400 women asymptomatic of breast cancer. The study was carried out at the four outpatient clinics of Tehran during the period from July through October, 2009. We found that mammography screening was related to higher self-efficacy and women's occupation. Future tailored interventions on potential psycho-social determinants and specific demographic factors are critical in increasing mammography screening rates among Iranian women.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data
  17. Ahmed SI, Syed Sulaiman SA, Hassali MA, Thiruchelvam K, Hasan SS, Lee CK
    J Infect Prev, 2017 Sep;18(5):242-247.
    PMID: 29317901 DOI: 10.1177/1757177416689723
    Background: Understanding patients' perspective towards HIV screening in Malaysia is pivotal to explore challenges faced by these individuals. This would be beneficial for developing local plans to improve the health-seeking behaviours among population at risk of HIV/AIDS.

    Methods: A qualitative research methodology was adopted to explore HIV/AIDS patients' views about disease screening. A semi-structured interview guide was used for in-depth patient interviews. All interviews were audio-recorded and were subjected to a standard content analysis framework for data analysis.

    Results: Most patients were positive about screening and the value of knowing about their status early. However, fear of social stigma, discrimination, lack of support system and lack of public understanding were identified as major concerns affecting their willingness to be screened. They were concerned about mandatory screening being implemented without improvement in support system and public education.

    Conclusions: Reluctance to seek HIV screening is an important factor contributing to transmission in developing countries. In the Malaysian context, efforts should be made to strengthen screening strategies especially in the most-at-risk populations to monitor the epidemic and target prevention strategies.

    Practice implications: In a multicultural context, HIV preventive strategies must include disease awareness, including measure to tackle barriers towards screening.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening
  18. Akhtari-Zavare M, Latiff LA
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2015;16(14):5595-7.
    PMID: 26320422
    Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a new non-invasive, mobile screening method which does not use ionizing radiation to the human breast. It is based on the theory that cancer cells display altered local dielectric properties, thus demonstrating measurably higher conductivity values. This article reviews the utilisation of EIT in breast cancer detection. It could be used as an adjunct to mammography and ultrasonography for breast cancer screening.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening/instrumentation*
  19. Al-Darraji HA, Wong KC, Yeow DG, Fu JJ, Loeliger K, Paiji C, et al.
    J Subst Abuse Treat, 2014 Feb;46(2):144-9.
    PMID: 24074846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2013.08.023
    People who use drugs (PWUD) represent a key high risk group for tuberculosis (TB). The prevalence of both latent TB infection (LTBI) and active disease in drug treatment centers in Malaysia is unknown. A cross-sectional convenience survey was conducted to assess the prevalence and correlates of LTBI among attendees at a recently created voluntary drug treatment center using a standardized questionnaire and tuberculin skin testing (TST). Participants (N=196) were mostly men (95%), under 40 (median age=36 years) and reported heroin use immediately before treatment entry (75%). Positive TST prevalence was 86.7%. Nine (4.6%) participants were HIV-infected. Previous arrest/incarcerations (AOR=1.1 for every entry, p<0.05) and not being HIV-infected (AOR=6.04, p=0.03) were significantly associated with TST positivity. There is an urgent need to establish TB screening and treatment programs in substance abuse treatment centers and to tailor service delivery to the complex treatment needs of patients with multiple medical and psychiatric co-morbidities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening/methods*
  20. Al-Naggar RA, Bobryshev YV
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2013;14(3):1969-74.
    PMID: 23679301
    The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and associated factors regarding colorectal cancer screening among university students in Malaysia. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle practice and knowledge of colorectal screening. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 students (21.3±1.4 years old). The majority of the participants were Malay with a monthly family income of less than 5,000 Ringgit Malaysia (equal to 1,700 USD) (67.0% and 76.0%, respectively). Regarding their lifestyle practices, the majority were non-smokers and had never consumed alcohol (83.7%, and 88.0%, respectively). The majority of the participants had no knowledge of digital rectal examination, colonoscopy, barium enema and fecal occult blood screening (63.3%, 60.7%, 74.0% and 62.3%, respectively). Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that their age and the discipline which the students were studying significantly influenced their level of knowledge about colorectal screening. The present study results indicate that education campaigns about colorectal cancer should be promoted.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening*
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