Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 356 in total

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  1. Akhtar MT, Samar M, Shami AA, Mumtaz MW, Mukhtar H, Tahir A, et al.
    Molecules, 2021 Jul 30;26(15).
    PMID: 34361796 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154643
    Meat is a rich source of energy that provides high-value animal protein, fats, vitamins, minerals and trace amounts of carbohydrates. Globally, different types of meats are consumed to fulfill nutritional requirements. However, the increasing burden on the livestock industry has triggered the mixing of high-price meat species with low-quality/-price meat. This work aimed to differentiate different meat samples on the basis of metabolites. The metabolic difference between various meat samples was investigated through Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis approaches like principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). In total, 37 metabolites were identified in the gluteal muscle tissues of cow, goat, donkey and chicken using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. PCA was found unable to completely differentiate between meat types, whereas OPLS-DA showed an apparent separation and successfully differentiated samples from all four types of meat. Lactate, creatine, choline, acetate, leucine, isoleucine, valine, formate, carnitine, glutamate, 3-hydroxybutyrate and α-mannose were found as the major discriminating metabolites between white (chicken) and red meat (chevon, beef and donkey). However, inosine, lactate, uracil, carnosine, format, pyruvate, carnitine, creatine and acetate were found responsible for differentiating chevon, beef and donkey meat. The relative quantification of differentiating metabolites was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test. Our results showed that NMR-based metabolomics is a powerful tool for the identification of novel signatures (potential biomarkers) to characterize meats from different sources and could potentially be used for quality control purposes in order to differentiate different meat types.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meat/analysis*
  2. Jilnai MT, Wen WP, Cheong LY, ur Rehman MZ
    Sensors (Basel), 2016;16(1).
    PMID: 26805828 DOI: 10.3390/s16010052
    The assessment of moisture loss from meat during the aging period is a critical issue for the meat industry. In this article, a non-invasive microwave ring-resonator sensor is presented to evaluate the moisture content, or more precisely water holding capacity (WHC) of broiler meat over a four-week period. The developed sensor has shown significant changes in its resonance frequency and return loss due to reduction in WHC in the studied duration. The obtained results are also confirmed by physical measurements. Further, these results are evaluated using the Fricke model, which provides a good fit for electric circuit components in biological tissue. Significant changes were observed in membrane integrity, where the corresponding capacitance decreases 30% in the early aging (0D-7D) period. Similarly, the losses associated with intracellular and extracellular fluids exhibit changed up to 42% and 53%, respectively. Ultimately, empirical polynomial models are developed to predict the electrical component values for a better understanding of aging effects. The measured and calculated values are found to be in good agreement.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meat
  3. Cantlay JC, Ingram DJ, Meredith AL
    Ecohealth, 2017 Jun;14(2):361-388.
    PMID: 28332127 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-017-1229-x
    The overhunting of wildlife for food and commercial gain presents a major threat to biodiversity in tropical forests and poses health risks to humans from contact with wild animals. Using a recent survey of wildlife offered at wild meat markets in Malaysia as a basis, we review the literature to determine the potential zoonotic infection risks from hunting, butchering and consuming the species offered. We also determine which taxa potentially host the highest number of pathogens and discuss the significant disease risks from traded wildlife, considering how cultural practices influence zoonotic transmission. We identify 51 zoonotic pathogens (16 viruses, 19 bacteria and 16 parasites) potentially hosted by wildlife and describe the human health risks. The Suidae and the Cervidae families potentially host the highest number of pathogens. We conclude that there are substantial gaps in our knowledge of zoonotic pathogens and recommend performing microbial food safety risk assessments to assess the hazards of wild meat consumption. Overall, there may be considerable zoonotic risks to people involved in the hunting, butchering or consumption of wild meat in Southeast Asia, and these should be considered in public health strategies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meat*
  4. Drewnowski A, Monsivais P, Mognard E, Ismail Noor M, Karim N, Laporte C, et al.
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2024 Jan;36(1):36-42.
    PMID: 38186372 DOI: 10.1177/10105395231219049
    The diversity of protein food sources, animal and plant, may be a proxy measure of protein quality and adequate protein nutrition. A population-based sample of 1604 Malaysians aged ≥18 y completed one 24-h dietary recall and a new 29-item protein diversity indicator (PDI). Socio-demographic data were obtained by self-report. Mean total protein intakes were 75.2 g/d from 24-h recalls and 74.9 g/d from PDI. Protein diversity indicator-estimated protein intakes were 36.2% from meat and poultry, 8.8% from fish, 16.0% from eggs and dairy, and 39.0% from plants. Intakes of animal proteins varied with socioeconomic status and ethnicity and were associated with higher protein quality, defined as the adequacy of essential amino acids (EAAs) relative to protein requirements. Protein intakes and protein quality in Malaysia were generally adequate. Protein diversity indicator metrics can complement current methods of dietary assessment and may be useful for monitoring protein diversity and quality in other countries currently undergoing nutrition transition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meat
  5. Sabow AB, Sazili AQ, Zulkifli I, Goh YM, Ab Kadir MZ, Abdulla NR, et al.
    Meat Sci, 2015 Jun;104:78-84.
    PMID: 25732178 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.02.004
    The study assessed the effect of conscious halal slaughter and slaughter following minimal anesthesia on bleeding efficiency of goats and keeping quality of goat meat. Ten Boer cross bucks were divided into two groups and subjected to either halal slaughter without stunning (HS) or minimal anesthesia prior to slaughter (AS). The blood lost during exsanguination was measured. Residual blood was further quantified by determination of hemoglobin and myoglobin content in longissimus lumborum muscle. Storage stability of the meat was evaluated by microbiological analysis and lipid oxidation. Blood loss at exsanguination, residual hemoglobin and lipid oxidation were not significantly different (p>0.05) between HS and AS. Lactic acid bacteria was the only microbe that was significantly elevated after 24h of storage at 4°C in the AS group. In conclusion, slaughtering goats under minimal anesthesia or fully conscious did not affect bleeding efficiency and keeping quality of goat meat.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meat/analysis*; Meat/microbiology; Meat/standards
  6. Ang CS, Chan NN, Singh L
    Appetite, 2019 05 01;136:80-85.
    PMID: 30685315 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.01.019
    This study aims to investigate how the distinction between animals that humans consume (AHCs) and pet animals influence meat eaters' and non-meat eaters' perceived mind attribution on animals and moral disengagement. Following this, a two-way mixed ANOVA with repeated measures on the type of animals being slaughtered and type of eaters was conducted. For meat-eaters, perceived mental capacity ratings for AHCs were lower than pet animals. For non-meat eaters, the difference between these animals was negligible. In addition, meat eaters had higher levels of moral disengagement in comparison to non-meat eaters. Further analysis showed that meat eaters who reported lower perceived mental capacities of AHCs appeared to feel such animals were more edible and were less likely to perceive killing them for food as morally wrong. Moral disengagement was also negatively associated with mental capacity of AHCs as food, suggesting that there was a higher moral disengagement among meat eaters who tend to view AHCs as lacking in mental capacities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meat*
  7. Hanapi UK, Desa MN, Ismail A, Mustafa S
    J Food Sci Technol, 2015 Jul;52(7):4166-75.
    PMID: 26139881 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1459-7
    A Common Primer Multiplex PCR (CP-M-PCR) was developed to detect meat origin of four groups of animal (pig, ruminant, avian and rabbit). This method demonstrated higher sensitivity and efficiency than the conventional multiplex PCR. In this approach, a common forward primer was designed in the 5' end of a homologous region of mitochondrial NADH dehyrogenase subunit 4 (Nad 4) gene sequences of all the animal groups. Specific adapter reverse primers were designed by adding an adapter sequence at the 5' end. The same adapter sequence was used as the common adapter reverse primer. The primers generated specific fragments of 267, 370, 504, and 548 bp lengths for pig, ruminant, avian and rabbit meats, respectively. The use of adapter sequence at the 5' end of the common adapter reverse primers increased the efficiency of the amplification and the application of a common forward primer solved the complexity in multiplex PCR system. Bands of specific amplification can be detected in the PCR assays containing as low as 10(-6) μM of adapter reverse primer. This result indicated that the sensitivity was tremendously increased as compared to the conventional multiplex PCR (10(-3) μM). CP-M-PCR detection limit of the DNA samples was 0.1 ng for the four groups of meats. CP-M-PCR has greatly improved the sensitivity and efficiency of the PCR system for a more reliable and accurate outcome than conventional multiplex PCR system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meat
  8. Razzak MA, Hamid SB, Ali ME
    PMID: 26437367 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1087060
    Food forgery has posed considerable risk to public health, religious rituals, personal budget and wildlife. Pig, dog, cat, rat and monkey meat are restricted in most religions, but their sporadic adulteration are rampant. Market controllers need a low-cost but reliable technique to track and trace suspected species in the food chain. Considering the need, here we documented a lab-on-a-chip-based multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the authentication of five non-halal meat species in foods. Using species-specific primers, 172, 163, 141, 129 and 108-bp sites of mitochondrial ND5, ATPase 6 and cytochrome b genes were amplified to detect cat, dog, pig, monkey and rat species under complex matrices. Species-specificity was authenticated against 20 different species with the potential to be used in food. The targets were stable under extreme sterilisation (121°C at 45 psi for 2.5 h) which severely degrades DNA. The assay was optimised under the backgrounds of various commercial meat products and validated for the analysis of meatballs, burgers and frankfurters, which are popular fast food items across the globe. The assay was tested to detect 0.1% suspected meats under commercial backgrounds of marketed foods. Instead of simplex PCR which detects only one species at a time, such a multiplex platform can reduce cost by at least fivefolds by detecting five different species in a single assay platform.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meat/analysis*
  9. Hu R, Zhang M, Jiang Q, Law CL
    Meat Sci, 2023 Apr;198:109084.
    PMID: 36599205 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.109084
    The effect of infrared and microwave alternate thawing (IR + MWT) on frozen pork were compared to fresh, air thawing (AT), infrared thawing (IRT), microwave thawing (MWT). The IR + MWT took only about 11.81 min of the thawing time compared to AT 66.5 min, and the Raman spectroscopy and Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) results showed that the IR + MWT maintained better protein secondary structure composition and moisture state compared to MWT and IRT. In terms of thawing losses, IR + MWT had the lowest loss 1.92%. In terms of texture, IR + MWT had the least effect on the post-thawing textural properties and increased the springiness of the meat. Scanning electron microscopy results also showed that there was reduced damage to the muscle structure with IR + MWT. Regarding the odor of the meat after thawing, IR + MWT retained the odor better and was closer to the fresh sample. Therefore, IR + MWT can be used to enhance the thawing rate to protect the quality of the thawed pork.
    Matched MeSH terms: Red Meat*; Meat/analysis
  10. Myat Min @ Mohd Omar, Abdulrezak Abdulahi Hashi, Ridhwan Abdul Wahab, Intan Azura Shahdan, Mohd Hishammfariz Mohd Amin, Niza Shamsuddin
    MyJurnal
    Foodborne diseases (FBD) can occur along the whole series of food production from the sources and processing until serving for consumers. Among the sources of food, meat is a major concern since it is come from animal origin where the pathogens might transmit to human and/or contaminate microbes from infected meat handlers to consumers at any time. Abattoir operators – managers and workers, and the authorities – Veterinary and Halal officers, play the key role in conversion of live food animals to healthy and edible halal meat and useful animal products fit for human consumption. Abattoir operators, abattoir operating procedures including animal handling and meat process need to abide the standard operating procedures (SOP) as guided by the authority for the safety of meat in meeting the requirements for public health. It is also to be in lines with the halal rules and regulations from the perspective of Islam so that to achieve halal food and products which are beneficial for both physical and spiritual. A number of researches have conducted in the prevalence of FBD but lack of prevention with combination of halal-compliance especially in ruminant abattoir areas. The researcher aims to do preliminary study for developing the required Operator Manual of Ruminant Abattoirs (OMRA) on prevention of FBD and also for halal compliance. This preliminary study will be looking into the process of ruminant abattoir by literature search if its premises, staffs, animal handling and the equipment used are in accordance with the halal compliance and prevention of FBD. From visiting two abattoirs and online data sources, gathering relevant information for ruminant abattoir and halal meat of Malaysia is done. Based on the preliminary findings, the three major accreditations of Malaysia which are MS1500:2009 guidelines of Department of Standards Malaysia, JAKIM (Jabatan Agama Kemajuan Islam Malaysia/ Department of Islamic Development Malaysia) 2008 & 2011 Malaysian halal meat protocols, and DVS (Department of Veterinary Services of Malaysia) code of veterinary practice 2012 respectively. They are compared and analyzed to get the required information for further developing OMRA for the benefits of meat industry, health ministry, global halal market authority and all consumers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meat
  11. Abdullahi, U.F., Igwenagu, E., Aliyu, S., Mu’azu, A., Naim, R., Wan-Taib, W.R.
    MyJurnal
    This study describes the development of a rapid and sensitive Loop-mediated isothermal
    amplification assay for detection of swine DNA in adulterated meat and meat products. The
    need to protect consumer’s right to eat foods of their choices, has made it imperative for
    researchers to develop efficient means of screening and certification of food products. Six sets
    of LAMP primers designed based on porcine tRNA lysine gene and ATPase subunit 8 genes
    were used for the assay. Amplification was carried out under constant temperature (630C), using
    a simple laboratory water bath. Average time spent in amplification and detection of results was
    25 min. All results were visually detected and confirmed by electrophoresis. Detection limit of
    the assay was 0.03 femtogram (fg) much high than the PCR assay, and detection probability of
    the assay was 100%. Detection of 0.5% of pork spiked with 99.5% of cattle beef is indicative
    of the sensitivity and robustness of the assay. This could serve as a prototype for development
    of a sensitive and inexpensive Swine DNA LAMP detection kit.
    Matched MeSH terms: Red Meat; Meat; Meat Products
  12. Muniandy S, Teh SJ, Appaturi JN, Thong KL, Lai CW, Ibrahim F, et al.
    Bioelectrochemistry, 2019 Jun;127:136-144.
    PMID: 30825657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.02.005
    Recent foodborne outbreaks in multiple locations necessitate the continuous development of highly sensitive and specific biosensors that offer rapid detection of foodborne biological hazards. This work focuses on the development of a reduced graphene oxide‑titanium dioxide (rGO-TiO2) nanocomposite based aptasensor to detect Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. A label-free aptamer was immobilized on a rGO-TiO2 nanocomposite matrix through electrostatic interactions. The changes in electrical conductivity on the electrode surface were evaluated using electroanalytical methods. DNA aptamer adsorbed on the rGO-TiO2 surface bound to the bacterial cells at the electrode interface causing a physical barrier inhibiting the electron transfer. This interaction decreased the DPV signal of the electrode proportional to decreasing concentrations of the bacterial cells. The optimized aptasensor exhibited high sensitivity with a wide detection range (108 to 101 cfu mL-1), a low detection limit of 101 cfu mL-1 and good selectivity for Salmonella bacteria. This rGO-TiO2 aptasensor is an excellent biosensing platform that offers a reliable, rapid and sensitive alternative for foodborne pathogen detection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meat/microbiology*
  13. Jajere SM, Atsanda NN, Bitrus AA, Hamisu TM, Goni MD
    Vet World, 2018 May;11(5):598-605.
    PMID: 29915497 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.598-605
    Background and Aim: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) still remains a major zoonotic bacterial disease affecting livestock and humans worldwide. The disease remains a poorly managed tropical disease in most developing countries of the world; where in addition to productivity losses and significance in international trade, it posed a major public health threat to both humans and animals. A retrospective study was designed to investigate the occurrence of bTB lesions at Bauchi municipal abattoir.

    Materials and Methods: The study utilized abattoir records spanning a period of 10 years (2004-2013). The records indicated that a total of 1,08,638 heads of cattle comprising n = 56,070 males and n = 52,570 females were slaughtered at the municipal abattoir during the study period.

    Result: Of these heads, n = 1230 (1.13%) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07, 1.19) had tuberculous lesions. The annual occurrence during the study period varied significantly (p<0.001) from 0.53% (95% CI: 0.40, 0.67) to 1.87% (95% CI: 1.66, 2.10) in 2010 and 2012, respectively. Females had a significantly higher (p<0.001) prevalence of 2.10% (95% CI: 1.98, 2.23) compared with the males 0.23% (95% CI: 0.19, 0.27). The distribution of suspected gross bTB lesions in different organs showed 11.87% in the lungs, 5.93% in the liver, 1.14% in the heart, and 0.49% accounted for generalized bTB. However, none was observed on the lymph nodes and intestines.

    Conclusion: It can be concluded that bTB persists in Bauchi State with annual variations during the study period. This study highlights the importance of meat inspection as an important tool for detecting the presence of bTB lesions.

    Matched MeSH terms: Meat
  14. Rashid NR, Ali ME, Hamid SB, Rahman MM, Razzak MA, Asing, et al.
    PMID: 25906074 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1039073
    Being the third-largest primate population has not made macaque (Macaca fascicularis sp.) monkeys less exposed to threats and dangers. Despite wildlife protection, they have been widely hunted and consumed in several countries because of their purported nutritional values. In addition to trading as pure bush meats in several places, monkey meat has been sold in meatball and soup products in Indonesia. Thus the possibility of macaque meat trafficking under the label of common meats is quite high. This paper reports the development of a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay with the shortest amplicon length for the confirmed detection of monkey meat under compromised states which are known to degrade DNA. We amplified a 120-bp region of d-loop gene using a pair of macaque-specific primers and confirmed their specificity for the target species through cross-challenging against 17 different species using a 141-bp site of an 18 S rRNA gene as an endogenous control for eukaryotes. This eliminated the possibilities of any false-negative detection with complex matrices or degraded specimens. The detection limit was 0.00001 ng DNA in a pure state and 0.1% of meat in mixed matrices and commercial meatball products. RFLP analysis further authenticated the originality of the PCR product and distinctive restriction patterns were found upon AluI and CViKI-1 digestion. A micro-fluidic lab-on-a-chip automated electrophoretic system separated the fragments with high resolution. The assay was validated for screening commercial meatball products with sufficient internal control.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meat/analysis*
  15. Ali ME, Asing, Hamid SB, Razzak MA, Rashid NR, Al Amin M, et al.
    PMID: 26062948 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1058535
    Malayan box turtle (Cuora amboinensis) has been a wildlife-protected vulnerable turtle species in Malaysia since 2005. However, because of its purported usage in traditional medicine, tonic foods and feeds, clandestine black market trade is rampant. Several polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for the taxonomic detection and classification of turtle species have been proposed. These assays are based on long-length target amplicons which are assumed to break down under compromised states and, hence, might not be suitable for the forensic tracing and tracking of turtle trafficking. For the first time this paper develops a very short-amplicon-length PCR assay (120 bp) for the detection of Malayan box turtle meat in raw, processed and mixed matrices, and experimental evidence is produced that such an assay is not only more stable and reliable but also more sensitive than those previously published. We checked the assay specificity against 20 different species and no cross-species detection was observed. The possibility of any false-negative detection was eliminated by a universal endogenous control for eukaryotes. The assay detection limit was 0.0001 ng of box turtle DNA from pure meat and 0.01% turtle meat in binary and ternary admixtures and commercial meatballs. Superior target stability and sensitivity under extreme treatments of boiling, autoclaving and microwave cooking suggested that this newly developed assay would be suitable for any forensic and/or archaeological identification of Malayan box turtle species, even in severely degraded specimens. Further, in silico studies indicated that the assay has the potential to be used as a universal probe for the detection of nine Cuora species, all of which are critically endangered.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meat/analysis*
  16. Khaleel, Aliyu Garba, Nasir, Mudassir, Salisu, Nasiru, Abdullahi, Auwalu Yusuf, Saidu, Sulaiman Shehu, Saleh, Ahmadu, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Nigeria is naturally blessed with wide diversity of native animal genetic resources. Indigenous ruminant livestock such as cattle, camel, donkey, sheep and goat contributes largely in both protein supply, revenue generation and national economy. In Nigeria, these animal resources are mismanaged and undermined through the indiscriminate slaughter of pregnant animals and foetal losses in abattoirs. This unethical practice resulted in the loss of genetic diversity, preferred traits and superior females ruminant animals. The current research focus on reported incidences across abattoirs, which is a centre where such practice is highly occurs within the country. Lack of modern facilities, law enforcement, poor management and animal welfare in abattoirs to protect pregnant animals are among few factors responsible for an increase in incidences. It is unprofitable to continue the tradition of pregnant animal slaughter that causes foetal losses. This is a condition that significantly threatens the animal genetic resources and general livestock industry in Nigeria. This practice must be discard with a proper conservation and documentation of these valuable animal genetic resources. Both long and short terms conservation programs must aim for substantial benefits of these resources. Laws must be enforced with strict penalties to those involved in pregnant animal slaughter. Genetic resources of these species and meat industry future could be safe with proper implementation of these laws and conservation measures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meat
  17. Tan ET, Al Jassim R, Cawdell-Smith AJ, Ossedryver SM, D'Arcy BR, Fletcher MT
    J Agric Food Chem, 2016 Aug 31;64(34):6622-9.
    PMID: 27477889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02707
    Indospicine (l-2-amino-6-amidinohexanoic acid) is a natural hepatotoxin found in all parts of some Indigofera plants such as Indigofera linnaei and Indigofera spicata. Several studies have documented a susceptibility to this hepatotoxin in different species of animals, including cattle, sheep, dogs, and rats, which are associated with mild to severe liver disease after prolonged ingestion. However, there is little published data on the effects of this hepatotoxin in camels, even though Indigofera plants are known to be palatable to camels in central Australia. The secondary poisoning of dogs after prolonged dietary exposure to residual indospicine in camel muscle has raised additional food safety concerns. In this study, a feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the in vivo accumulation, excretion, distribution, and histopathological effects of dietary indospicine on camels. Six young camels (2-4 years old), weighing 270-390 kg, were fed daily a roughage diet consisting of Rhodes grass hay and lucerne chaff, supplemented with Indigofera and steam-flaked barley. Indigofera (I. spicata) was offered at 597 mg DM/kg body weight (bw)/day, designed to deliver 337 μg indospicine/kg bw/day, and fed for a period of 32 days. Blood and muscle biopsies were collected over the period of the study. Concentrations of indospicine in the plasma and muscle biopsy samples were quantitated by validated ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The highest concentrations in plasma (1.01 mg/L) and muscle (2.63 mg/kg fresh weight (fw)) were found at necropsy (day 33). Other tissues were also collected at necropsy, and analysis showed ubiquitous distribution of indospicine, with the highest indospicine accumulation detected in the pancreas (4.86 ± 0.56 mg/kg fw) and liver (3.60 ± 1.34 mg/kg fw), followed by the muscle, heart, and kidney. Histopathological examination of liver tissue showed multiple small foci of predominantly mononuclear inflammatory cells. After cessation of Indigofera intake, indospicine present in plasma in the remaining three camels had a longer terminal elimination half-life (18.6 days) than muscle (15.9 days), and both demonstrated monoexponential decreases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meat/analysis
  18. Windarsih A, Bakar NKA, Dachriyanus, Yuliana ND, Riswanto FDO, Rohman A
    Molecules, 2023 Aug 09;28(16).
    PMID: 37630216 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165964
    Beef sausage (BS) is one of the most favored meat products due to its nutrition and good taste. However, for economic purposes, BS is often adulterated with pork by unethical players. Pork consumption is strictly prohibited for religions including Islam and Judaism. Therefore, advanced detection methods are highly required to warrant the halal authenticity of BS. This research aimed to develop a liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method to determine the halal authenticity of BS using an untargeted metabolomics approach. LC-HRMS was capable of detecting various metabolites in BS and BS containing pork. The presence of pork in BS could be differentiated using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with high accuracy. PLS-DA perfectly classified authentic BS and BS containing pork in all concentration levels of pork with R2X = (0.821), R2Y(= 0.984), and Q2 = (0.795). The level of pork in BS was successfully predicted through partial least squares (PLS) and orthogonal PLS (OPLS) chemometrics. Both models gave high R2 (>0.99) actual and predicted values as well as few errors, indicating good accuracy and precision. Identification of discriminating metabolites' potential as biomarker candidates through variable importance for projections (VIP) value revealed metabolites of 2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 3-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine, 8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoic acid, D-(+)-galactose, oleamide, 3-hydroxyhexadecanoylcarnitine, arachidonic acid, and α-eleostearic acid as good indicators to detect pork. It can be concluded that LC-HRMS metabolomics combined with PCA, PLS-DA, PLS, and OPLS was successfully used to detect pork adulteration in beef sausages. The results imply that LC-HRMS untargeted metabolomics in combination with chemometrics is a promising alternative as an analytical technique to detect pork in sausage products. Further analysis of larger samples is required to warrant the reproducibility.
    Matched MeSH terms: Red Meat*; Meat Products*
  19. Zakaria Z, Hassan L, Sharif Z, Ahmad N, Ali RM, Husin SA, et al.
    BMC Vet Res, 2020 Oct 17;16(1):393.
    PMID: 33069231 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02605-y
    BACKGROUND: Salmonella is a very important foodborne pathogen causing illness in humans. The emergence of drug-resistant strains also constitutes a serious worry to global health and livestock productivity. This study investigated Salmonella isolates from chicken and chicken meat products using the phenotypic antimicrobial screening as well as the molecular characteristics of Salmonella isolates. Upon serotyping of the isolates, the antimicrobial susceptibility profiling using a panel of 9 commonly used antimicrobials was done. Subsequently, the molecular profiles of all the isolates were further determined using Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and the Whole Genome Multi-Locus Sequence Type (wgMLST) analysis in order to obtain the sequence types.

    RESULTS: The PFGE data was input into FPQuest software, and the dendrogram generated was studied for possible genetic relatedness among the isolates. All the isolates were found to belong to the Salmonella Enteritidis serotype with notable resistance to tetracycline, gentamycin, streptomycin, and sulfadimidine. The S. Enteritidis isolates tested predominantly subtyped into the ST11 and ST1925, which was found to be a single cell variant of ST11. The STs were found to occur in chicken meats, foods, and live chicken cloacal swabs, which may indicate the persistence of the bacteria in multiple foci.

    CONCLUSION: The data demonstrate the presence of S. Enteritidis among chickens, indicating its preference and reservoir status for enteric Salmonella pathogens.

    Matched MeSH terms: Meat Products/microbiology*
  20. Windarsih A, Bakar NKA, Rohman A, Erwanto Y
    Anal Sci, 2024 Mar;40(3):385-397.
    PMID: 38095741 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00470-x
    Due to the different price and high quality, halal meat such as beef can be adulterated with non-halal meat with low price to get an economical price. The objective of this research was to develop an analytical method for halal authentication testing of beef meatballs (BM) from dog meat (DM) using a non-targeted metabolomics approach employing liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and chemometrics. The differentiation of authentic BM from that adulterated with DM was successfully performed using partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with high accuracy (R2X = 0.980, and R2Y = 0.980) and good predictivity (Q2 = 0.517). In addition, partial least square (PLS) and orthogonal PLS (OPLS) were successfully used to predict the DM added (% w/w) in BM with high accuracy (R2 > 0.990). A number of metabolites, potential for biomarker candidates, were identified to differentiate BM and that adulterated with DM. It showed that the combination of a non-targeted LC-HRMS Orbitrap metabolomics and chemometrics could detect up to 0.1% w/w of DM adulteration. The developed method was successfully applied for analysis of commercial meatball samples (n = 28). Moreover, pathway analysis revealed that beta-alanine, histidine, and ether lipid metabolism were significantly affected by dog meat adulteration. In summary, this developed method has great potential to be developed and used as an alternative method for analysis of non-halal meats in halal meat products.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meat/analysis
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