Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 179 in total

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  1. Lee, Wen Jih, Ong, Lieh Yan, Koay, Siew Ni, Kwan, Zuan Er
    MyJurnal
    Objective: The main aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of early
    readmissions to inpatient care in Hospital Bahagia Ulu Kinta and the associated
    socio-demographic and clinical factors.

    Methods: This is an observational study
    for all patients with readmissions within 3 months from the last discharge, dated
    from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2013. Related socio-demographic and
    clinical details are obtained from the medical records and compared between the
    patients who were readmitted within the first month after discharge to those who
    were readmitted later in the second and third month.

    Results: Total of 149
    records of patients who were readmitted within 3 months of last discharge were
    analyzed. Majority of them were from the same state of Perak (83.9%), male
    (74.5%), single (71.1%), unemployed (85.9%), taken care by family (75.2%),
    achieved secondary education level (59.7%) with mean age of 37.89 years (SD
    11.53). They were discharged for a mean of 32.52 days (SD 26.48) before
    readmission with a mean duration of 72.98 days in the previous admission, and
    mean previous admissions of 10.17 times. 69.8% of the patients were treated for
    psychotic disorders and the main reason for readmission was relapse (84.6%).
    Up to 34.2% of the patients reported to have substance abuse while 25.5% had
    medical co-morbidities. Most of the patients (63.8%) were not compliant to the
    treatment from the last discharge. Socioeconomic and clinical factors did not
    show statistical significance when the readmissions within the first month after
    discharge were compared to those who were admitted later at the second and
    third month.

    Conclusions: Due to limitations, further studies need to be done to
    identify risk factors associated with readmissions and adequate measures need to
    be taken to prevent these readmissions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Medical Records
  2. Cahir C, Wallace E, Cummins A, Teljeur C, Byrne C, Bennett K, et al.
    Ann Fam Med, 2019 Mar;17(2):133-140.
    PMID: 30858256 DOI: 10.1370/afm.2359
    PURPOSE: To evaluate a patient-report instrument for identifying adverse drug events (ADEs) in older populations with multimorbidity in the community setting.

    METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of 859 community-dwelling patients aged ≥70 years treated at 15 primary care practices. Patients were asked if they had experienced any of a list of 74 symptoms classified by physiologic system in the previous 6 months and if (1) they believed the symptom to be related to their medication, (2) the symptom had bothered them, (3) they had discussed it with their family physician, and (4) they required hospital care due to the symptom. Self-reported symptoms were independently reviewed by 2 clinicians who determined the likelihood that the symptom was an ADE. Family physician medical records were also reviewed for any report of an ADE.

    RESULTS: The ADE instrument had an accuracy of 75% (95% CI, 77%-79%), a sensitivity of 29% (95% CI, 27%-31%), and a specificity of 93% (95% CI, 92%-94%). Older people who reported a symptom had an increased likelihood of an ADE (positive likelihood ratio [LR+]: 4.22; 95% CI, 3.78-4.72). Antithrombotic agents were the drugs most commonly associated with ADEs. Patients were most bothered by muscle pain or weakness (75%), dizziness or lightheadedness (61%), cough (53%), and unsteadiness while standing (52%). On average, patients reported 39% of ADEs to their physician. Twenty-six (3%) patients attended a hospital outpatient clinic, and 32 (4%) attended an emergency department due to ADEs.

    CONCLUSION: Older community-dwelling patients were often not correct in recognizing ADEs. The ADE instrument demonstrated good predictive value and could be used to differentiate between symptoms of ADEs and chronic disease in the community setting.

    Matched MeSH terms: Medical Records
  3. Leong BD, Zainal AA, Hanif H, Tajri HM, Govindarajantran N, Pillay K, et al.
    Ann Vasc Dis, 2018 Jun 25;11(2):223-227.
    PMID: 30116415 DOI: 10.3400/avd.oa.18-00018
    Objective: Native fistula creation for hemodialysis in patients who have exhausted all their superficial veins presents a challenge to vascular practice. We review our experience in transposed basilic vein fistula (BVT) creation and its usage for hemodialysis. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the hospital operative registry from January 2009 till June 2012 to identify the total number of BVT created in our center. Medical records of all patients were traced, and patients were interviewed using a standard proforma. In our center, BVT is performed as a two-stage procedure. All patients were routinely assessed with duplex scan preoperatively and postoperatively. Results: Two hundred thirty-nine patients were recruited in the study. Of these patients, 50.6% were male and 49.4% were female. Mean age was 53.4 years. Of these patients, 81.2% had history of other previous fistula creation. Risk factors profile includes diabetes mellitus in 59.8%, hypertension in 86.2%, and smoking in 13.0%. Of these patients, 84.5% had no operative complication. Commonest complication was wound infection, 6.3%, followed by hemorrhage or hemotoma required surgical intervention, 5.9%, and pseudoaneurysm, 1.3%. Primary and secondary patencies were at 84.2% and 86.1% at 1 year and 67.7% and 70.5% at 3 years, respectively. Conclusion: BVT is a credible option for challenging patients with absence of superficial veins for native fistula creation with good patency and low operative complication rate. Preoperative ultrasound assessment improves patient selection and outcome of BVT.
    Matched MeSH terms: Medical Records
  4. Zain JM, Fauzi AR
    PMID: 18003297
    This paper will study and evaluate watermarking technique by Zain and Fauzi [1]. Recommendations will then be made to enhance the technique especially in the aspect of recovery or reconstruction rate for medical images. A proposal will also be made for a better distribution of watermark to minimize the distortion of the Region of Interest (ROI). The final proposal will enhance AW-TDR in three aspects; firstly the image quality in the ROI will be improved as the maximum change is only 2 bits in every 4 pixels, or embedding rate of 0.5 bits/pixel. Secondly the recovery rate will also be better since the recovery bits are located outside the region of interest. The disadvantage in this is that, only manipulation done in the ROI will be detected. Thirdly the quality of the reconstructed image will be enhanced since the average of 2 x 2 pixels would be used to reconstruct the tampered image.
    Matched MeSH terms: Medical Records Systems, Computerized*
  5. Chai KS, Omar FH, Mat Saad AZ, Wan Sulaiman WA, Halim AS
    Arch Plast Surg, 2019 Sep;46(5):426-432.
    PMID: 31550747 DOI: 10.5999/aps.2018.01487
    BACKGROUND: The mandible is an important structure that is located in the lower third of the face. Large mandibular defects after tumor resection cause loss of its function. This study assessed the outcomes and tumor recurrence after immediate mandibular reconstruction using a free fibula osteocutaneous flap following radical resection of ameloblastoma.

    METHODS: This is a retrospective non-randomized study of outcomes and tumor recurrence of all patients diagnosed with mandibular ameloblastoma from August 1997 until August 2017 (20 years) requiring free fibula osteocutaneous flap reconstruction at a single institution. The patients were identified through an electronic operative database; subsequently, their medical records and photo documentation were retrieved.

    RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients were included in this study. Eighteen patients were male, while nine were female. The majority of the patients (48.1%) were in their third decade of life when they were diagnosed with ameloblastoma. All of them underwent radical resection of the tumor with a surgical margin of 2 cm (hemimandibulectomy in cases with a large tumor) and immediate mandibular reconstruction with a free fibula osteocutaneous flap. Two patients required revision of a vascular anastomosis due to venous thrombosis postoperatively, while one patient developed a flap recipient site infection. The flap success rate was 100%. There was no tumor recurrence during a mean follow-up period of 5.6 years.

    CONCLUSIONS: Mandibular ameloblastoma should be treated with segmental mandibulectomy (with a surgical margin of 2 cm) to reduce the risk of recurrence. Subsequent mandibular and adjacent soft tissue defects should be reconstructed immediately with a free fibula osteocutaneous flap.

    Matched MeSH terms: Medical Records
  6. Rahman LA, Hairi NN, Salleh N
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2008;20(2):152-8.
    PMID: 19124309 DOI: 10.1177/1010539507311553
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between pregnancy-induced hypertension and low birth weight. A population-based case control study was conducted. Antenatal mothers who attended the government health centers in the district of Kuala Muda, Kedah, Malaysia from June 2003 to May 2004 were recruited. Cases were 312 mothers who delivered low birth weight babies, and controls were 312 mothers who delivered normal birth weight babies. Face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire and a review of medical records were carried out. After controlling for important confounders such as gestational age at delivery, maternal age, ethnicity, education, parity, and previous history of abortion, pregnancy-induced hypertension was found to be an independent risk factor (adjusted odds ratio = 5.06; 95% confidence interval: 2.63, 9.71) for low birth weight. There was a significant association of pregnancy-induced hypertension with low birth weight. Women who delivered low birth weight babies were 5 times more likely to have had pregnancy-induced hypertension.
    Matched MeSH terms: Medical Records
  7. Bulgiba AM
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2004;16(1):64-71.
    PMID: 18839870 DOI: 10.1177/101053950401600111
    In 1998, Malaysia opened its first hospital based on the "paperless and filmless" concept. Two are now in operation, with more to follow. Telemedicine is now being used in some hospitals and is slated to be the technology to watch. Future use of technology in health care will centre on the use of centralised patient databases and more effective use of artificial intelligence. Stumbling blocks include the enormous capital costs involved and difficulty in getting sufficient bandwidth to support applications on a national scale. Problems with the use of information technology in developing countries still remain; mainly inadequate skilled resources to operate and maintain the technology, lack of home-grown technology, insufficient experience in the use of information technology in health care and the attitudes of some health staff. The challenge for those involved in this field will not be in building new "paperless and filmless" institutions but in transforming current "paper and film-based" institutions to "paperless and filmless" ones and changing the mindset of health staff. Universities and medical schools must be prepared to respond to this new wave by incorporating elements of medical/health informatics in their curriculum and assisting governments in the planning and implementation of these projects. The experience of the UMMC is highlighted as an example of the difficulty of transforming a paper-based hospital to a "paperless and filmless" hospital.
    Matched MeSH terms: Medical Records Systems, Computerized/trends
  8. Razak AA, Saddki N, Naing NN, Abdullah N
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2010;11(1):187-91.
    PMID: 20593955
    AIMS: This study was performed to determine oral cancer survival among Malay patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan.

    METHODS: The medical records of 118 Malay patients with oral cancer admitted in HUSM from 1st January 1986 to 31st December 2005 were reviewed. Data collected include socio-demographic background, high-risk habits practiced, clinical and histological characteristics, and treatment profile of the patients. Survival status and duration were determined by active validation until 31st December 2006. Data entry and analysis were accomplished using SPSS version 12.0. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to perform survival estimates while the log-rank test and the Cox proportional hazards regression model were employed to perform univariate analysis and multivariable analysis of the variables, respectively.

    RESULTS: The overall five-year survival rate of Malay patients with oral cancer was 18.0%, with a median survival time of 9 months. Significant factors that influenced survival of the patients were age, sex, tumour site, TNM stage, histological type, and treatment received.

    CONCLUSION: Survival of oral cancer patients in HUSM was very low. Being elderly, male, presenting with an advanced stage at diagnosis, and not having treatment all contributed to poor survival.

    Matched MeSH terms: Medical Records
  9. Othman NH, Nor ZM, Biswal BM
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2008 Jul-Sep;9(3):473-8.
    PMID: 18990023
    OBJECTIVE: To determine the trend of cancer cases in one major hospital in Kelantan over a 20 year period from 1987 to 2007 and to speculate the change in trend due to the socio-economic and other health status in the state.

    METHODOLOGY: All data on clinically diagnosed cancer cases in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia [HUSM] were retrieved from the hospital medical records. The cancers were classified according to ICD10 and scrutinized to avoid duplicate or more entries. The increment in cancer incidence was calculated based on total numbers of cancer cases per each 5-6 year period.

    RESULTS: A total of 12,228 solid cancers were diagnosed during the period. There is an increment of 20.1% for 1991-1996 from 1987-1990 period, 67.4% for 1997-2001 from 1991-1996 period and 305.9% for 2002-2007 from the 1997-2001 period. The rise was steep in the last 5-6 years. After excluding referred cases from states outside Kelantan, the increments were 20.1%, 67.4% and 143.6% for the consecutive 5-6 year periods. The predominant rising trends were seen for cancers of the female organs, digestive tract and endocrine organs.

    CONCLUSION: Cancer cases in HUSM are showing a rising trend, associated with increasing prevalence of smoking, obesity and diabetes in the community served by the hospital. Since HUSM is the only hospital managing cancer in the state of Kelantan, to reduce cancer incidence in the state, life-style issues need to be addressed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Medical Records
  10. Naidu J, Wong Zh, Palaniappan Sh, Ngiu ChS, Yaacob NY, Abdul Hamid H, et al.
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2017 04 01;18(4):933-939.
    PMID: 28545190
    Background and Aims: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are subjected to a large amount of ionizing
    radiation during the course of their illness. This may increase their risk of malignancy to a greater level than that due
    to the disease itself. In Caucasian patients with Crohn’s disease, this has been well documented and recommendations
    are in place to avoid high radiation imaging protocols. However, there are limited data available on radiation exposure
    in Asian IBD patients.We therefore sought to identify total radiation exposure and any differences between ethnically
    diverse ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) patients at our centre along with determining factors that may
    contribute to any variation. Methods: The cumulative effective dose (CED) was calculated retrospectively from 2000
    to 2014 using data from our online radiology database and patients’ medical records. Total CED in the IBD population
    was measured. High exposure was defined as a radiation dose of greater than 0.2mSv (equivalent to slightly less than
    ½ a year of background radiation). Results: A total of 112 cases of IBD (36 CD and 76 UC) were reviewed. Our CD
    patients were diagnosed at an earlier age than our UC cases (mean age 26.1 vs 45.7). The total CED in our IBD population
    was 8.53 (95% CI: 4.53-12.52). Patients with CD were exposed to significantly higher radiation compared to those
    with UC. The mean CED was 18.6 (7.30-29.87) and 3.65 (1.74-5.56, p=0.01) for CD and UC patients respectively. 2
    patients were diagnosed as having a malignancy during follow up with respective CED values of 1.76mSv and 10mSv.
    Conclusions: CD patients, particularly those with complicated disease, received a higher frequency of diagnostic
    imaging over a shorter period when compared to UC patients. Usage of low radiation imaging protocols should be
    encouraged in IBD patients to reduce their risk of consequent malignancy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Medical Records
  11. Zafirah SA, Nur AM, Puteh SEW, Aljunid SM
    BMC Health Serv Res, 2018 01 25;18(1):38.
    PMID: 29370785 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-2843-1
    BACKGROUND: The accuracy of clinical coding is crucial in the assignment of Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) codes, especially if the hospital is using Casemix System as a tool for resource allocations and efficiency monitoring. The aim of this study was to estimate the potential loss of income due to an error in clinical coding during the implementation of the Malaysia Diagnosis Related Group (MY-DRG®) Casemix System in a teaching hospital in Malaysia.

    METHODS: Four hundred and sixty-four (464) coded medical records were selected, re-examined and re-coded by an independent senior coder (ISC). This ISC re-examined and re-coded the error code that was originally entered by the hospital coders. The pre- and post-coding results were compared, and if there was any disagreement, the codes by the ISC were considered the accurate codes. The cases were then re-grouped using a MY-DRG® grouper to assess and compare the changes in the DRG assignment and the hospital tariff assignment. The outcomes were then verified by a casemix expert.

    RESULTS: Coding errors were found in 89.4% (415/424) of the selected patient medical records. Coding errors in secondary diagnoses were the highest, at 81.3% (377/464), followed by secondary procedures at 58.2% (270/464), principal procedures of 50.9% (236/464) and primary diagnoses at 49.8% (231/464), respectively. The coding errors resulted in the assignment of different MY-DRG® codes in 74.0% (307/415) of the cases. From this result, 52.1% (160/307) of the cases had a lower assigned hospital tariff. In total, the potential loss of income due to changes in the assignment of the MY-DRG® code was RM654,303.91.

    CONCLUSIONS: The quality of coding is a crucial aspect in implementing casemix systems. Intensive re-training and the close monitoring of coder performance in the hospital should be performed to prevent the potential loss of hospital income.
    Matched MeSH terms: Medical Records
  12. Tan HS, Balasubramaniam IS, Hss AS, Yeong ML, Chew CC, Singh RP, et al.
    BMC Pediatr, 2019 05 29;19(1):174.
    PMID: 31142302 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1550-3
    BACKGROUND: Prolonged neonatal jaundice (PNNJ) is often caused by breast milk jaundice, but it could also point to other serious conditions (biliary atresia, congenital hypothyroidism). When babies with PNNJ receive a routine set of laboratory investigations to detect serious but uncommon conditions, there is always a tendency to over-investigate a large number of well, breastfed babies. A local unpublished survey in Perak state of Malaysia revealed that the diagnostic criteria and initial management of PNNJ were not standardized. This study aims to evaluate and improve the current management of PNNJ in the administrative region of Perak.

    METHODS: A 3-phase quasi-experimental community study was conducted from April 2012 to June 2013. Phase l was a cross-sectional study to review the current practice of PNNJ management. Phase ll was an interventional phase involving the implementation of a new protocol. Phase lll was a 6 months post-interventional audit. A registry of PNNJ was implemented to record the incidence rate. A self-reporting surveillance system was put in place to receive any reports of biliary atresia, urinary tract infection, or congenital hypothyroidism cases.

    RESULTS: In Phase I, 12 hospitals responded, and 199 case notes were reviewed. In Phase II, a new protocol was developed and implemented in all government health facilities in Perak. In Phase III, the 6-month post-intervention audit showed that there were significant improvements when comparing mean scores of pre- and post-intervention: history taking scores (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Medical Records
  13. Omar A, Ganapathy SS, Anuar MFM, Khoo YY, Jeevananthan C, Maria Awaluddin S, et al.
    BMC Public Health, 2019 Jan 24;19(1):110.
    PMID: 30678685 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6384-7
    BACKGROUND: Mortality indicators are essential for monitoring population health. Although Malaysia has a functional death registration system, the quality of information on causes of death still needs improvement, since approximately 30% of deaths are classified to poorly defined causes. This study was conducted to verify registered causes in a sample of deaths in 2013 and utilise the findings to estimate cause-specific mortality indicators for Malaysia in 2013.

    METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study involving a nationally representative sample of 14,497 deaths distributed across 19 districts. Registered causes of deaths were verified using standard medical record review protocols for hospital deaths, and locally adapted international standard verbal autopsy procedures for deaths outside hospitals. The findings were used to measure the validity and reliability of the registration data, as well as to establish plausible cause-specific mortality fractions for hospital and non-hospital deaths, which were subsequently used as the basis for estimating national cause-specific mortality indicators.

    RESULTS: The overall response rate for the study was 67%. Verified causes of 5041 hospital deaths and 3724 deaths outside hospitals were used to derive national mortality estimates for 2013 by age, sex and cause. The study was able to reclassify most of the ill-defined deaths to a specific cause. The leading causes of deaths for males were Ischaemic Heart Disease (15.4%), Cerebrovascular diseases (13.7%), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (8.5%) and Road Traffic Accident (8.0%). Among females, the leading causes were Cerebrovascular diseases (18.3%), Ischaemic Heart Disease (12.7%), Lower Respiratory Infections (11.5%) and Diabetes Mellitus (7.2%).

    CONCLUSIONS: Investigation of registered causes of death using verbal autopsy and medical record review yielded adequate information to enable estimation of cause-specific mortality indicators in Malaysia. Strengthening the national mortality statistics system must be made a priority as it is a core data source for policy and evaluation of the public health and healthcare sectors in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Medical Records*
  14. Ganapathy SS, Yi Yi K, Omar MA, Anuar MFM, Jeevananthan C, Rao C
    BMC Public Health, 2017 08 11;17(1):653.
    PMID: 28800758 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4668-y
    BACKGROUND: Mortality statistics by age, sex and cause are the foundation of basic health data required for health status assessment, epidemiological research and formation of health policy. Close to half the deaths in Malaysia occur outside a health facility, are not attended by medical personnel, and are given a lay opinion as to the cause of death, leading to poor quality of data from vital registration. Verbal autopsy (VA) is a very useful tool in diagnosing broad causes of deaths for events that occur outside health facilities. This article reports the development of the VA methods and our principal finding from a validation study.

    METHODS: A cross sectional study on nationally representative sample deaths that occurred in Malaysia during 2013 was used. A VA questionnaire suitable for local use was developed. Trained field interviewers visited the family members of the deceased at their homes and conducted face to face interviews with the next of kin. Completed questionnaires were reviewed by trained physicians who assigned multiple and underlying causes. Reference diagnoses for validation were obtained from review of medical records (MR) available for a sample of the overall study deaths.

    RESULTS: Corresponding MR diagnosis with matched sample of the VA diagnosis were available in 2172 cases for the validation study. Sensitivity scores were good (>75%) for transport accidents and certain cancers. Moderate sensitivity (50% - 75%) was obtained for ischaemic heart disease (64%) and cerebrovascular disease (72%). The validation sample for deaths due to major causes such as ischaemic heart disease, pneumonia, breast cancer and transport accidents show low cause-specific mortality fraction (CSMF) changes. The scores obtained for the top 10 leading site-specific cancers ranged from average to good.

    CONCLUSION: We can conclude that VA is suitable for implementation for deaths outside the health facilities in Malaysia. This would reduce ill-defined mortality causes in vital registration data, and yield more accurate national mortality statistics.

    Matched MeSH terms: Medical Records/standards*
  15. Chong SL, Khan UR, Santhanam I, Seo JS, Wang Q, Jamaluddin SF, et al.
    BMJ Open, 2017 Aug 18;7(8):e015759.
    PMID: 28821516 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015759
    OBJECTIVE: We aim to examine the mechanisms of head-injured children presenting to participating centres in the Pan Asian Trauma Outcomes Study (PATOS) and to evaluate the association between mechanism of injury and severe outcomes.

    DESIGN AND SETTING: We performed a retrospective review of medical records among emergency departments (EDs) of eight PATOS centres, from September 2014 - August 2015.

    PARTICIPANTS: We included children <16 years old who presented within 24 hours of head injury and were admitted for observation or required a computed tomography (CT) of the brain from the ED. We excluded children with known coagulopathies, neurological co-morbidities or prior neurosurgery. We reviewed the mechanism, intent, location and object involved in each injury, and the patients' physical findings on presentation.

    OUTCOMES: Primary outcomes were death, endotracheal intubation or neurosurgical intervention. Secondary outcomes included hospital and ED length of stay.

    RESULTS: 1438 children were analysed. 953 children (66.3%) were male and the median age was 5.0 years (IQR 1.0-10.0). Falls predominated especially among children younger than 2 years (82.9%), while road traffic injuries were more likely to occur among children 2 years and above compared with younger children (25.8% vs 11.1%). Centres from upper and lower middle-income countries were more likely to receive head injured children from road traffic collisions compared with those from high-income countries (51.4% and 40.9%, vs 10.9%, p<0.0001) and attended to a greater proportion of children with severe outcomes (58.2% and 28.4%, vs 3.6%, p<0.0001). After adjusting for age, gender, intent of injury and gross national income, traffic injuries (adjusted OR 2.183, 95% CI 1.448 to 3.293) were associated with severe outcomes, as compared with falls.

    CONCLUSIONS: Among children with head injuries, traffic injuries are independently associated with death, endotracheal intubation and neurosurgery. This collaboration among Asian centres holds potential for future prospective childhood injury surveillance.

    Matched MeSH terms: Medical Records
  16. Abosadegh MM, Saddki N, Al-Tayar B, Rahman SA
    Biomed Res Int, 2019;2019:9024763.
    PMID: 30895196 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9024763
    Background/Aim: Epidemiology of maxillofacial fractures (MFF) varies between populations. This study investigated the epidemiology of MFF treated at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM).

    Methods: A retrospective review of 473 medical records of patients with MFF treated from June 2013 to December 2015 was conducted. Information on demographic characteristics of patients, aetiology of injury, types of MFF, and treatment was obtained. Descriptive analysis, Pearson's chi-squared test, and multiple logistic regression analysis were conducted. The level of significance was set at 0.05.

    Results: Most patients treated for MFF were males (82.2%), aged 30 and below (63.1%), and from Malay ethnic (97.4%). Road traffic accident was the most common cause of MFF (83.1%), with motorcycle accident accounting for most injuries (73.6%). Orbital wall fracture was the most frequent MFF type (51.2%). About half of MFF patients (51.4%) were treated conservatively. Patients aged more than 20 years old were at higher odds of sustaining orbital wall fracture (AOR= 1.76; 95% CI: 1.214-2.558; P= 0.003) but were at lower odds of sustaining mandibular fracture (AOR= 0.47; 95% CI: 0.315-0.695; P= 0.001) than patients who are 20 years old and younger. Helmet use among motorcyclists was significantly associated with the nasal, orbital wall, and maxillary sinus wall fractures (P= 0.006, 0.010, and 0.004, respectively).

    Conclusion: Motorcycle accident was the most common cause of MFF in Kelantan, Malaysia. Ages of patient and helmet use were associated with the type of MFF sustained. This study provides important information to facilitate the planning of MFF prevention strategies among motorcyclists and emphasizes the importance of using a helmet when riding a motorcycle.

    Matched MeSH terms: Medical Records
  17. Yugavathy N, Huri HZ, Kun LS, Bin Abdul Gafor AH, Geot WM, Bavanandan S, et al.
    Biomark Med, 2020 08;14(12):1099-1108.
    PMID: 32969247 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0205
    Aim: To determine the clinical and genetic markers associated with erythropoietin deficiency anemia in predialysis individuals. Materials & methods: Patients were categorized into cases and control group. Demographic characteristics and clinical parameters were obtained from medical record review and serum EPO and ferritin were obtained with ELISA. HIF-1α (rs2057482), IL-1β (rs1143627) and EPO (rs1617640) gene polymorphism were genotyped. Results: Female gender, glomerular filtration rate, treatment with hematinics, anticoagulant and diuretic were strong predictors of EPO-deficient anemia in predialysis chronic kidney disease patients. Genetic polymorphism in the HIF-1α recessive model was associated with non-EPO-deficiency, followed by EPO recessive allele associated with low-serum erythropoietin and IL-1β recessive model with low hemoglobin level. Conclusion: EPO-deficiency anemia can be diagnosed more conveniently in the presence of biomarkers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Medical Records
  18. Jeyaratnam J, Lun KC, Phoon WO
    Bull World Health Organ, 1987;65(4):521-7.
    PMID: 3500805
    The study investigated the extent of acute pesticide poisoning in selected agricultural communities in Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Thailand, as well as the contributing factors, because it is believed that this type of poisoning is a major problem in developing countries, but not in the industrialized countries, despite their extensive use of pesticides. The study confirmed the existence of this problem, which was found to be due to inadequate knowledge of the safe practices in the use of pesticides among users and to the lack of suitable protective clothing for use by agricultural workers in hot and humid climates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Medical Records
  19. Vijian K, Teo EG, Kanesen D, Wong ASH
    PMID: 32922934 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-020-0185-4
    Background: Globally, severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been the principal cause of mortality among individuals aged 45 and below. The incidence of road traffic accidents in Malaysia is one of the highest in the world with thousands of victims sustaining severe disabilities. The aim of this study is to determine the association between leucocytosis and extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) scores as well the relationship of other factors and the outcomes of severe TBI.

    Methods: This was a retrospective observational study. A total of 44 consecutive patients who were admitted to Sarawak General Hospital from January 1, 2018, to September 30, 2018, with severe TBI were included. Data were collected from discharge summaries and hospital medical records. Chi-square and t test were used. SPSS was employed.

    Results: Of a total of 44 patients with severe TBI, 18 patients (41%) died during the same admission. The mean age of patients was 37.1 years with 93.2% of affected patients being male. 56.9% of patients presented with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 6 and less. A large percentage (86.3%) were discharged with a GOSE of less than 7. Older age and low admission GCS (6 and less) were significantly associated with poor GOSE scores on discharge and after 6 months (p < 0.05) on multivariate analysis. Leucocytosis on admission was also associated with poor outcomes where patients with higher total white counts on presentation attaining lower GOSE scores (p < 0.05).

    Conclusion: We concluded that leucocytosis was significantly associated with poor outcomes in severe TBI patients in addition to other factors such as advanced age and poor GCS on arrival.

    Matched MeSH terms: Medical Records
  20. Mardhiah K, Wan-Arfah N, Naing NN, Abu Hassan MR, Chan HK, Hasan H
    Clinicoecon Outcomes Res, 2021;13:155-162.
    PMID: 33732004 DOI: 10.2147/CEOR.S286283
    Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the direct medical cost of treating melioidosis patients. The calculation was made according to the variables extracted from medical records.

    Materials and Methods: Data collection was performed retrospectively on a total of 293 cases from Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Kedah, Malaysia. The data consisted of personal information, treatment history, and investigation findings, including blood results, USG abdomen results, and CT scan results. The site of culture and sensitivity were also obtained. The total direct medical cost was based on the antibiotics/treatments received by the patients, diagnostic test and investigations performed. The trend analysis used to see the pattern of costs from 2014 to 2017. All the costs were compared based on patients' status and duration of stay at the hospital using the independent t-test.

    Results: The overall mean of direct medical cost for melioidosis amounted to US $233.61 (RM931.33). Overall, the finding confirms a huge reduction (44.7%) of direct medical cost from 2014 to 2017 (P = 0.001). From 2015 to 2016, there was a 19.1% reduction of direct medical cost (P>0.95), followed by a 38.8% reduction in costs from 2016 to 2017 (P = 0.019). In the case of the duration of stay, the mean of total direct medical cost among patients with ≥14 duration of stay was higher compared to those with <14 duration of stay (p < 0.001). There was no significant mean difference of direct medical cost between patients who were cured and died.

    Conclusion: Despite the higher mortality of melioidosis cases compared to other infectious diseases, there is a limitation in the amount of published data on the management cost of melioidosis. The importance of cost in managing this disease should be underlined to perform a fully prepared management toward the disease.

    Matched MeSH terms: Medical Records
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