Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 191 in total

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  1. Fulltext The removal of uranium from aqueous solution
    Zulfadli Ahmad, Saifuddin Normanbhay
    Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2012;2012(2):108-120.
    MyJurnal
    This paper reviews the literature on uranium contamination and the removal of uranium from wastewater stemming from mining activities and nuclear power generation. After reviewing the applications of uranium in power generation, military, industry and scientific, this review discusses uranium and rare earth elements in wastewaters and the toxicity of uranium on aquatic life and humans. Further, various methods of removal of heavy metal contaminants including uranium are reviewed with special focus on the adsorption process and carbon nanotubes as a superior adsorbent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanotubes, Carbon
  2. Immuno-probed multiwalled carbon nanotube surface for abdominal aortic aneurysm biomarker analysis
    Zhao X, Gopinath SCB, Zhao W
    Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 2023 Apr;70(2):502-508.
    PMID: 35661417 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2372
    Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), a medical complication, occurs when the aortic area becomes swollen and very large. It is mandatory to identify AAA to avoid the breakdown of aneurysms. C-reactive protein (CRP) has been recognized as one of the biomarkers for identifying AAA due to the possibility of CRP produced in vascular tissue, which contributes to the formation of an aneurysm, and it is elevated in patients with a ruptured AAA. This research work was designed to develop an immunosensor on a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-modified surface to quantify the CRP level. Anti-CRP specificity was constructed on the MWCNT surface through a silane linker to interact with CRP. The detection limit of CRP was calculated as 100 pM with an R2 (determination coefficient) value of 0.9855 (y = 2.3446x - 1.9922) on a linear regression graph. The dose-dependent linear pattern was registered from 200 to 3000 pM and attained the saturation level during binding at 3000 pM. Furthermore, serum-spiked CRP showed a clear increase in the current response, proving the specific recognition of CRP in biological samples. This designed biosensor identifies CRP at a lower level and can help diagnose AAA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanotubes, Carbon*
  3. Gold-nanourchin seeded single-walled carbon nanotube on voltammetry sensor for diagnosing neurogenerative Parkinson's disease
    Zhang R, Wang S, Huang X, Yang Y, Fan H, Yang F, et al.
    Anal Chim Acta, 2020 Jan 15;1094:142-150.
    PMID: 31761041 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.10.012
    α-synuclein is a predominantly expressing neuronal protein for understanding the neurodegenerative disorders. A diagnosing system with aggregated α-synuclein encoded by SNCA gene is necessary to make the precautionary treatment against Parkinson's disease (PD). Herein, gold-nanourchin conjugated anti-α-synuclein antibody was desired as the probe and seeded on single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCN) integrated interdigitated electrode (IDE). The surface morphology of SWCN-modified IDE and gold urchin-antibody conjugates were observed under FESEM, FETEM and AFM, the existing elements were confirmed. Voltammetry analysis revealed that the limit of fibril-formed α-synuclein detection was improved by 1000 folds (1 fM) with gold-nanourchin-antibody modified surface, compared to the surface with only antibody (1 pM). Validating the interaction of α-synuclein by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay was displayed the detection limit as 10 pM. IDE has a good reproducibility and a higher selectivity on α-synuclein as evidenced by the interactive analysis with the control proteins, PARK1 and DJ-1.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanotubes, Carbon
  4. In vitro and in vivo study of hazardous effects of Ag nanoparticles and Arginine-treated multi walled carbon nanotubes on blood cells: application in hemodialysis membranes
    Zare-Zardini H, Amiri A, Shanbedi M, Taheri-Kafrani A, Kazi SN, Chew BT, et al.
    J Biomed Mater Res A, 2015 Sep;103(9):2959-65.
    PMID: 25690431 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35425
    One of the novel applications of the nanostructures is the modification and development of membranes for hemocompatibility of hemodialysis. The toxicity and hemocompatibility of Ag nanoparticles and arginine-treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT-Arg) and possibility of their application in membrane technology are investigated here. MWNT-Arg is prepared by amidation reactions, followed by characterization by FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed a good hemocompatibility and the hemolytic rates in the presence of both MWNT-Arg and Ag nanoparticles. The hemolytic rate of Ag nanoparticles was lower than that of MWNT-Arg. In vivo study revealed that Ag nanoparticle and MWNT-Arg decreased Hematocrit and mean number of red blood cells (RBC) statistically at concentration of 100 µg mL(-1) . The mean decrease of RBC and Hematocrit for Ag nanoparticles (18% for Hematocrit and 5.8 × 1,000,000/µL) was more than MWNT-Arg (20% for Hematocrit and 6 × 1000000/µL). In addition, MWNT-Arg and Ag nanoparticles had a direct influence on the White Blood Cell (WBC) drop. Regarding both nanostructures, although the number of WBC increased in initial concentration, it decreased significantly at the concentration of 100 µg mL(-1) . It is worth mentioning that the toxicity of Ag nanoparticle on WBC was higher than that of MWNT-Arg. Because of potent antimicrobial activity and relative hemocompatibility, MWNT-Arg could be considered as a new candidate for biomedical applications in the future especially for hemodialysis membranes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanotubes, Carbon/toxicity*; Nanotubes, Carbon/chemistry
  5. A review on carbon-based biowaste and organic polymer materials for sustainable treatment of sulfonamides from pharmaceutical wastewater
    Zango ZU, Khoo KS, Garba A, Lawal MA, Abidin AZ, Wadi IA, et al.
    Environ Geochem Health, 2024 Apr 03;46(4):145.
    PMID: 38568460 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01936-1
    Frequent detection of sulfonamides (SAs) pharmaceuticals in wastewater has necessitated the discovery of suitable technology for their sustainable remediation. Adsorption has been widely investigated due to its effectiveness, simplicity, and availability of various adsorbent materials from natural and artificial sources. This review highlighted the potentials of carbon-based adsorbents derived from agricultural wastes such as lignocellulose, biochar, activated carbon, carbon nanotubes graphene materials as well as organic polymers such as chitosan, molecularly imprinted polymers, metal, and covalent frameworks for SAs removal from wastewater. The promising features of these materials including higher porosity, rich carbon-content, robustness, good stability as well as ease of modification have been emphasized. Thus, the materials have demonstrated excellent performance towards the SAs removal, attributed to their porous nature that provided sufficient active sites for the adsorption of SAs molecules. The modification of physico-chemical features of the materials have been discussed as efficient means for enhancing their adsorption and reusable performance. The article also proposed various interactive mechanisms for the SAs adsorption. Lastly, the prospects and challenges have been highlighted to expand the knowledge gap on the application of the materials for the sustainable removal of the SAs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanotubes, Carbon*
  6. Fulltext Preparation and characterization of carboxylic-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes
    Zakiyah, L.K., Gui, M.M., Foo, R.S., Mohamed, A.R., Chai, S.P.
    ASM Science Journal, 2011;5(2):91-100.
    MyJurnal
    The functionalization of pristine CNTs is necessary for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to be fully utilized, with the aim of increasing the nanotube reactivity and solubility in aqueous solutions. In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were functionalized with a carboxylic group as this was an important step prior to application. The carboxylic group-functionalization was conducted through acid treatment, using sulphuric and nitric acids mixed at a ratio of 3:1 (v/v) and sonication for 30 min under different temperatures and time durations. The functionalization conditions of 50ºC x 5 h and 60ºC x 3 h were identified to be most suitable for introducing a carboxylic group onto the nanotube surfaces. The percentage of total weight loss due to the carboxylic group on the MWCNTs treated at 50ºC x 5 h and 60ºC x 3 h obtained from the thermogravimetric analysis was 13.26% and 13.76%, respectively. For both samples, peaks corresponding to the carboxylic group were identified in the FT-IR spectra. The changes in the morphology of the treated MWCNTs were also observed under SEM analysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanotubes, Carbon
  7. The effects of maleic anhydride grafted PP (MAPP) on the mechanical properties of injection moulded kenaf/cnts/pp composites
    Zakaria Razak, Abu Bakar Sulong, Norhamidi Muhamad, Che Hassan Che Haron, Mohd Khairol Fadzly Md Radzi, Dulina Tholibon, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:1285-1291.
    Composite materials have increasingly become crucial in manufacturing engineering products and producing commodity
    materials in the major industries including; automotive, aerospace, marine, construction, agriculture and health science.
    However, several improvements regarding the strength, dimensional stability and the cost of production are required.
    In this study, composite of Kenaf, multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and polypropylene (PP) with maleic anhydridegrafted
    polypropylene (MAPP) are examined. The results highlight that increasing MAPP loading, in turn, increases the
    value of the mechanical properties. The composites are produced by blending kenaf/MWCNT/PP using a Sigma blade
    mixer and injection moulding. Injection moulding is a significant operation used to produce plastic products. In the
    study, Kenaf core fibre was mixed with MWCNT and polypropylene, in addition to MAPP. The MAPP is added by applying
    different percentage (1, 2, 3 and 4 wt. %) during the blending process. The main objective of the study was to analyse the
    effects of MAPP concentrations on the mechanical properties of the Kenaf/MWCNT/PP composite. The results of the study
    established that MAPP 3 wt. % concentration with MWCNT 3 wt. % loading and Kenaf 30 wt. % filler provide optimum
    results for the composites. There was approximately, a 21% enhance in tensile strength of Kenaf 30 wt. %/MWCNT, 3 wt.
    %/MAPP, 3 wt. %/PP observed compared to the (without) MAPP composite. The composites with coupling agent stimulate
    better filler dispersion between Kenaf, MWCNT and PP observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and fieldemission
    scanning electron microscope (FESEM).
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanotubes, Carbon
  8. Fulltext Zinc/Aluminium⁻Quinclorac Layered Nanocomposite Modified Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrode for Electrochemical Determination of Bisphenol A
    Zainul R, Abd Azis N, Md Isa I, Hashim N, Ahmad MS, Saidin MI, et al.
    Sensors (Basel), 2019 Feb 22;19(4).
    PMID: 30813385 DOI: 10.3390/s19040941
    This paper presents the application of zinc/aluminium-layered double hydroxide-quinclorac (Zn/Al-LDH-QC) as a modifier of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) paste electrode for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA). The Zn/Al-LDH-QC/MWCNT morphology was examined by a transmission electron microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was utilized to investigate the electrode interfacial properties. The electrochemical responses of the modified electrode towards BPA were thoroughly evaluated by using square-wave voltammetry technique. The electrode demonstrated three linear plots of BPA concentrations from 3.0 × 10-8⁻7.0 × 10-7 M (R² = 0.9876), 1.0 × 10-6⁻1.0 × 10-5 M (R² = 0.9836) and 3.0 × 10-5⁻3.0 × 10-4 M (R² = 0.9827) with a limit of detection of 4.4 × 10-9 M. The electrode also demonstrated good reproducibility and stability up to one month. The presence of several metal ions and organic did not affect the electrochemical response of BPA. The electrode is also applicable for BPA determination in baby bottle and mineral water samples with a range of recovery between 98.22% and 101.02%.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanotubes, Carbon
  9. Fulltext Electromagnetic Characterization of a Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes-Silver Nanoparticles-Reinforced Polyvinyl Alcohol Hybrid Nanocomposite in X-Band Frequency
    Yusof Y, Moosavi S, Johan MR, Badruddin IA, Wahab YA, Hamizi NA, et al.
    ACS Omega, 2021 Feb 16;6(6):4184-4191.
    PMID: 33644542 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04864
    This study presents the electromagnetic (EM) characterization of a multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)-silver nanoparticles (AgNP)-reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hybrid nanocomposite fabricated via the solution mixing technique. Primarily, the structure and morphological properties of the PVA/MWCNT-AgNP hybrid nanocomposite are confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The complex permittivity (ε*) and permeability (μ*), as well as the electromagnetic scattering parameters are measured using a PNA network analyzer equipped with X-band waveguide. The results showed an enhanced permittivity (ε' ≈ 25) value of the hybrid nanocomposite in the frequency range of 8-12 GHz. However, the permeability decreased to almost zero (μ' ≈ 0.4) since the inclusion of AgNP with an average particle size of 40 nm is not susceptible to magnetization and causes higher magnetic losses (tan δμ) than dielectric losses (tan δε). Remarkably, the hybrid nanocomposite reduced transmission of electromagnetic (EM) wave by nearly 60% in comparison to PVA/MWCNT. This is attributed to the enhanced absorption and reflection at the nanotubes, and metal-dielectric interfaces have induced multiple internal reflections owing to the porous structure of the nanocomposite. The prospect of the PVA/MWCNT-AgNP hybrid nanocomposite is favorable as a thin absorbing material for EM shielding applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanotubes, Carbon
  10. Fulltext Development of a hydrogen gas sensor using a double SAW resonator system at room temperature
    Yunusa Z, Hamidon MN, Ismail A, Mohd Isa M, Yaacob MH, Rahmanian S, et al.
    Sensors (Basel), 2015;15(3):4749-65.
    PMID: 25730480 DOI: 10.3390/s150304749
    A double SAW resonator system was developed as a novel method for gas sensing applications. The proposed system was investigated for hydrogen sensing. Commercial Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) resonators with resonance frequencies of 433.92 MHz and 433.42 MHz were employed in the double SAW resonator system configuration. The advantages of using this configuration include its ability for remote measurements, and insensitivity to vibrations and other external disturbances. The sensitive layer is composed of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes and polyaniline nanofibers which were deposited on pre-patterned platinum metal electrodes fabricated on a piezoelectric substrate. This was mounted into the DSAWR circuit and connected in parallel. The sensor response was measured as the difference between the resonance frequencies of the SAW resonators, which is a measure of the gas concentration. The sensor showed good response towards hydrogen with a minimum detection limit of 1%.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanotubes, Carbon
  11. Stimulation of Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells with Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Affect Cancer Progression
    Yunus MA, Ramli MM, Osman NH, Mohamed R
    Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz), 2021 Jul 29;69(1):20.
    PMID: 34327598 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-021-00625-6
    Sole nanomaterials or nanomaterials bound to specific biomolecules have been proposed to regulate the immune system. These materials have now emerged as new tools for eliciting immune-based therapies to treat various cancers. Graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO) are the latest nanomaterials among other carbon nanotubes that have attracted wide interest among medical industry players due to their extraordinary properties, inert-state, non-toxic and stable dispersion in a various solvent. Currently, GO and rGO are utilized in various biomedical application including cancer immunotherapy. This review will highlight studies that have been carried out in elucidating the stimulation of GO and rGO on selected innate and adaptive immune cells and their effect on cancer progression to shed some insights for researchers in the development of various GO- and rGO-based immune therapies against various cancers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanotubes, Carbon*
  12. Fulltext Effect of Functionalised and Non-Functionalised Carbon Nanotubes-Urea Fertilizer on the Growth of Paddy
    Yatim NM, Shaaban A, Dimin MF, Yusof F, Razak JA
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2018 Mar;29(1):17-35.
    PMID: 29644013 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2018.29.1.2
    The roles of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and functionalised multiwalled carbon nanotubes (fMWNTs) in enhancing the efficacy of urea fertilizer (UF) as plant nutrition for local MR219 paddy variety was investigated. The MWNTs and fMWNTs were grafted onto UF to produce UF-MWNTs fertilizer with three different conditions, coded as FMU1 (0.6 wt. % fMWNTs), FMU2 (0.1 wt. % fMWNTs) and MU (0.6 wt. % MWNTs. The batches of MR219 paddy were systematically grown in accordance to the general practice performed by the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI). The procedure was conducted using a pot under exposure to natural light at three different fertilization times; after a certain number of days of sowing (DAS) at 14, 35 and 55 days. Interestingly, it was found that the crop growth of plants treated with FMU1 and FMU2 significantly increased by 22.6% and 38.5% compared to plants with MU addition. Also, paddy treated with FMU1 produced 21.4% higher number of panicles and 35% more grain yield than MU while paddy treated with FMU2 gave 28.6% more number of panicles and 36% higher grain yield than MU, which implies the advantage of fMWNTs over MWNTs to be combined with UF as plant nutrition. The chemical composition and morphology of UF-MWNTs fertilizers which is further characterised by FTiR and FESEM confirmed the successful and homogeneous grafting of UF onto the fMWNTs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanotubes, Carbon
  13. Electronic Transport and Possible Superconductivity at Van Hove Singularities in Carbon Nanotubes
    Yang Y, Fedorov G, Shafranjuk SE, Klapwijk TM, Cooper BK, Lewis RM, et al.
    Nano Lett., 2015 Dec 09;15(12):7859-66.
    PMID: 26506109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02564
    Van Hove singularities (VHSs) are a hallmark of reduced dimensionality, leading to a divergent density of states in one and two dimensions and predictions of new electronic properties when the Fermi energy is close to these divergences. In carbon nanotubes, VHSs mark the onset of new subbands. They are elusive in standard electronic transport characterization measurements because they do not typically appear as notable features and therefore their effect on the nanotube conductance is largely unexplored. Here we report conductance measurements of carbon nanotubes where VHSs are clearly revealed by interference patterns of the electronic wave functions, showing both a sharp increase of quantum capacitance, and a sharp reduction of energy level spacing, consistent with an upsurge of density of states. At VHSs, we also measure an anomalous increase of conductance below a temperature of about 30 K. We argue that this transport feature is consistent with the formation of Cooper pairs in the nanotube.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanotubes, Carbon
  14. Encapsulation of Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 single crystals in multiwall carbon nanotubes
    Yahya N, Akhtar MN, Koziol K
    J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2012 Oct;12(10):8116-22.
    PMID: 23421187
    Magnetic nanoparticles in the hollow region of carbon nanotubes have attraction due to their changing physical electrical and magnetic properties. Nickel zinc ferrite plays an important role in many applications due to its superior magnetic properties. Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 single crystals were encapsulated in multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The magnetic nano crystals were prepared using a sol-gel self combustion method at the sintering temperature of 750 degrees C and were characterized by XRD, FESEM, TEM and VSM. Initial permeability, Q-factor and relative loss factor were measured by impedance vector network analyzer. XRD patterns were used for the phase identification. FESEM images show morphology and dimensions of the grains of Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 single crystals and Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 single crystals in MWCNTs. TEM images were used to investigate single crystal and encapsulation of Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 single crystals in the MWCNTs. VSM results confirmed super paramagnetic behaviour of encapsulated Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 single crystals. It was also attributed that encapsulated Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 single crystals in MWCNTs showed a higher initial permeability (51.608), Q-factor (67.069), and low loss factor (0.0002) as compared to Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 single crystals. The new encapsulated Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 single crystals in the MWCNTs may have potential applications in electronic and medical industries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanotubes, Carbon
  15. Carbon nanotubes fibres/aluminium-NiZnFe2O4 based electromagnetic transmitter for improved magnitude versus offset (MVO) in a scaled marine environment
    Yahya N, Akhtar MN, Nasir N, Shafie A, Jabeli MS, Koziol K
    J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2012 Oct;12(10):8100-9.
    PMID: 23421185
    In seabed logging the magnitude of electromagnetic (EM) waves for the detection of a hydrocarbon reservoir in the marine environment is very important. Having a strong EM source for exploration target 4000 m below the sea floor is a very challenging task. A new carbon nanotubes (CNT) fibres/aluminium based EM transmitter is developed and NiZn ferrite as magnetic feeders was used in a scaled tank to evaluate the presence of oil. Resistive scaled tank experiments with a scale factor of 2000 were carried out. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) were done to characterize the synthesized magnetic feeders. Single phase Ni0.76Mg0.04Zn0.2Fe2O4, obtained by the sol-gel method and sintered at 700 degrees C in air, has a [311] major peak. FESEM results show nanoparticles with average diameters of 17-45 nm. Samples which have a high Q-factor (approximately 50) was used as magnetic feeders for the EM transmitter. The magnitude of the EM waves of this new EM transmitter increases up to 400%. A curve fitting method using MATLAB software was done to evaluate the performance of the new EM transmitter. The correlation value with CNT fibres/aluminium-NiZnFe2O4 base transmitter shows a 152.5% increase of the magnetic field strength in the presence of oil. Modelling of the scale tank which replicates the marine environment was done using the Finite Element Method (FEM). In conclusion, FEM was able to delineate the presence of oil with greater magnitude of E-field (16.89%) and the B field (4.20%) due to the new EM transmitter.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanotubes, Carbon
  16. Function-driven engineering of 1D carbon nanotubes and 0D carbon dots: mechanism, properties and applications
    Xu Q, Li W, Ding L, Yang W, Xiao H, Ong WJ
    Nanoscale, 2019 Jan 23;11(4):1475-1504.
    PMID: 30620019 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08738e
    Metal-free carbonaceous nanomaterials have witnessed a renaissance of interest due to the surge in the realm of nanotechnology. Among myriads of carbon-based nanostructures with versatile dimensionality, one-dimensional (1D) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and zero-dimensional (0D) carbon dots (CDs) have grown into a research frontier in the past few decades. With extraordinary mechanical, thermal, electrical and optical properties, CNTs are utilized in transparent displays, quantum wires, field emission transistors, aerospace materials, etc. Although CNTs possess diverse characteristics, their most attractive property is their unique photoluminescence. On the other hand, another growing family of carbonaceous nanomaterials, which is CDs, has drawn much research attention due to its cost-effectiveness, low toxicity, environmental friendliness, fluorescence, luminescence and simplicity to be synthesized and functionalized with surface passivation. Benefiting from these unprecedented properties, CDs have been widely employed in biosensing, bioimaging, nanomedicine, and catalysis. Herein, we have systematically presented the fascinating properties, preparation methods and multitudinous applications of CNTs and CDs (including graphene quantum dots). We will discuss how CNTs and CDs have emerged as auspicious nanomaterials for potential applications, especially in electronics, sensors, bioimaging, wearable devices, batteries, supercapacitors, catalysis and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Last but not least, this review is concluded with a summary, outlook and invigorating perspectives for future research horizons in this emerging platform of carbonaceous nanomaterials.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanotubes, Carbon
  17. Fulltext Aptamer-Antibody Complementation On Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Gold Transduced Dielectrode Surfaces To Detect Pandemic Swine Influenza Virus
    Wang F, Gopinath SC, Lakshmipriya T
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2019;14:8469-8481.
    PMID: 31695375 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S219976
    BACKGROUND: A pandemic influenza viral strain, influenza A/California/07/2009 (pdmH1N1), has been considered to be a potential issue that needs to be controlled to avoid the seasonal emergence of mutated strains.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, aptamer-antibody complementation was implemented on a multiwalled carbon nanotube-gold conjugated sensing surface with a dielectrode to detect pandemic pdmH1N1. Preliminary biomolecular and dielectrode surface analyses were performed by molecular and microscopic methods. A stable anti-pdmH1N1 aptamer sequence interacted with hemagglutinin (HA) and was compared with the antibody interaction. Both aptamer and antibody attachments on the surface as the basic molecule attained the saturation at nanomolar levels.

    RESULTS: Aptamers were found to have higher affinity and electric response than antibodies against HA of pdmH1N1. Linear regression with aptamer-HA interaction displays sensitivity in the range of 10 fM, whereas antibody-HA interaction shows a 100-fold lower level (1 pM). When sandwich-based detection of aptamer-HA-antibody and antibody-HA-aptamer was performed, a higher response of current was observed in both cases. Moreover, the detection strategy with aptamer clearly discriminated the closely related HA of influenza B/Tokyo/53/99 and influenza A/Panama/2007/1999 (H3N2).

    CONCLUSION: The high performance of the abovementioned detection methods was supported by the apparent specificity and reproducibility by the demonstrated sensing system.

    Matched MeSH terms: Nanotubes, Carbon/chemistry*
  18. Application of solid-phase extraction for trace elements in environmental and biological samples: a review
    Wan Ibrahim WA, Abd Ali LI, Sulaiman A, Sanagi MM, Aboul-Enein HY
    Crit Rev Anal Chem, 2014;44(3):233-54.
    PMID: 25391563 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2013.855607
    The progress of novel sorbents and their function in preconcentration techniques for determination of trace elements is a topic of great importance. This review discusses numerous analytical approaches including the preparation and practice of unique modification of solid-phase materials. The performance and main features of ion-imprinting polymers, carbon nanotubes, biosorbents, and nanoparticles are described, covering the period 2007-2012. The perspective and future developments in the use of these materials are illustrated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanotubes, Carbon/chemistry
  19. Processing of flexible plastic packaging waste into pyrolysis oil and multi-walled carbon nanotubes for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction
    Veksha A, Yin K, Moo JGS, Oh WD, Ahamed A, Chen WQ, et al.
    J Hazard Mater, 2020 04 05;387:121256.
    PMID: 31951979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121256
    Flexible plastic packaging waste causes serious environmental issues due to challenges in recycling. This study investigated the conversion of flexible plastic packaging waste with 11.8 and 27.5 wt.% polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (denoted as PET-12 and PET-28, respectively) into oil and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The mixtures were initially pyrolyzed and the produced volatiles were processed over 9.0 wt.% Fe2O3 supported on ZSM-5 (400 °C) to remove oxygenated hydrocarbons (catalytic cracking of terephthalic and benzoic acids) that deteriorate oil quality. The contents of oxygenated hydrocarbons were decreased in oil from 4.6 and 9.4 wt.% per mass of PET-12 and PET-28, respectively, to undetectable levels. After catalytic cracking, the oil samples had similar contents of gasoline, diesel and heavy oil/wax fractions. The non-condensable gas was converted into MWCNTs over 0.9 wt.% Ni supported on CaCO3 (700 °C). The type of plastic packaging influenced the yields (2.4 and 1.5 wt.% per mass of PET-12 and PET-28, respectively) and the properties of MWCNTs due to the differences in gas composition. Regarding the electrocatalytic application, both MWCNTs from PET-12 and PET-28 outperformed commercial MWCNTs and Pt-based electrodes during oxygen evolution reaction, suggesting that MWCNTs from flexible plastic packaging can potentially replace conventional electrode materials.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanotubes, Carbon
  20. Effect of synthesis condition on the growth of SWCNTs via catalytic chemical vapour deposition
    Toussi SM, Fakhru’L-Razi A, Luqman Chuah A, Suraya A
    Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40.
    Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) of ethanol (C2H5OH) over Fe-Mo-MgO catalyst by using argon as a carrier gas. The reaction conditions are important factors that influence the yield and quality of carbon nanotubes. The effects of temperature and flow rate of carrier gas were investigated to increase the yield of carbon nanotubes. The synthesized carbon nanotubes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-Ray diffraction and thermo-gravimetric analysis. The results showed that the growth of carbon nanotubes was effectively influenced by the reaction ambience and the synthesis condition. The temperature and flow rate of carrier gas played a key role in the yield and quality of synthesized CNTs. The estimated yield of synthesized carbon nanotubes was almost over 70%.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanotubes, Carbon
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