Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 821 in total

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  1. Multinodular/plexiform schwannoma of the ulnar nerve
    Lim CY, Low TH, Sivanoli R, Teh KK, Thuraisingham R
    ANZ J Surg, 2014 Jan-Feb;84(1-2):93-4.
    PMID: 24165375 DOI: 10.1111/ans.12231
    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnosis*
  2. Pilomatrixoma as a diagnostic pitfall in fine needle aspiration cytology: a case report
    Sivakumar S
    Acta Cytol., 2007 Jul-Aug;51(4):583-5.
    PMID: 17718128 DOI: 10.1159/000325801
    BACKGROUND: Pilomatrixoma (pilomatrixoma, calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe) is a relatively uncommon, benign neoplasm arising from the skin adnexa. The tumor can cause diagnostic difficulty not only for the clinician but also for the cytologist.

    CASE: A 62-year-old woman presented with a right submandibular swelling of 4 months' duration. The clinical findings were highly suspicious for malignancy. A fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed. Three preliminary differential diagnoses were offered: mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the submandibular salivary gland, squamous cell carcinomatous deposit in a submandibular lymph node and calcifying odontogenic tumor. Computed tomography demonstrated no bony lesion. No primary site of squamous cell carcinoma could be identified. An excisional biopsy of the swelling was performed, and the histologic diagnosis of pilomatrixoma was made.

    CONCLUSION: The cytologic presentation of pilomatrixoma of the right submandibular region can masquerade as that of a malignant tumor, in this case mucoepidermoid carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma or odontogenic tumor. This case delineates the cytomorphologic features of pilomatrixoma that may mimic carcinoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis*
  3. Carcinosarcoma of the palate: report of a case with a diagnosis of sarcomatoid metastasis by fine needle aspiration cytology
    Jayaram G, Elsayed EM
    Acta Cytol., 2005 Sep-Oct;49(5):520-4.
    PMID: 16334029
    BACKGROUND: Carcinosarcoma (sarcomatoid carcinoma) is a rare tumor with a high predilection for the aerodigestive tract. Cytologic diagnosis of metastatic carcinosarcoma has been reported in very few cases.

    CASE: An 84-year-old woman presented with a 2-cm-diameter, right cervical lymph node that was referred for fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). She had received radiotherapy for a palatal squamous cell carcinoma 2 years earlier. The FNAC smears had a sarcomatoid appearance. Repeat fine needle aspiration was performed, with cytologic and immunocytochemical staining. Careful consideration of the cytologic and immunophenotypic features led to an impression of carcinosarcoma. Histologic sections of the palatal biopsy that had been previously diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma were reviewed, and a final diagnosis of carcinosarcoma was established.

    CONCLUSION: Metastasis of rare lesions, such as carcinosarcoma may be confusing and difficult to diagnose on FNAC, especially when the cytologic sample shows a predominantly sarcomatoid component. The difficulty is compounded when the sarcomatoid component happens to have been overlooked on the initial histologic assessment. With representative cytologic sampling, immunocytochemical staining and review of the histologic material, the correct diagnosis was achieved in this case.
    Matched MeSH terms: Palatal Neoplasms/diagnosis*
  4. Cytologic evaluation of prognostic markers in breast carcinoma
    Jayaram G, Elsayed EM
    Acta Cytol., 2005 Nov-Dec;49(6):605-10.
    PMID: 16450899
    To type breast carcinomaon on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) material and correlate the results with histologic typing, to grade breast carcinoma on FNAC material and correlate the findings with Bloom-Richardson histologic grading, and to determine the estrogen receptor (ER) status in cases of breast carcinoma by immunocytochemical (ICC) staining of FNA cytologic material and correlate the findings with ER status, as determined by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of tissue sections.

    STUDY DESIGN: Seventy-seven cases of breast carcinoma diagnosed on FNAC formed the basis of this study. Typing was done in all cases on the basis of cytologic features and grading in 62. (Fifteen cases were special types of breast carcinoma). In all cases, ER status was determined by immunostaining of cytologic smears. Results of tumor typing, grading and ER status on cytologic material were compared with the results of histologic typing, grading and immunostaining of histologic material obtained from mastectomy or wide excision specimens.

    RESULTS: Tumor typing was accurate in 73 of 77 cases (94.8%). Fifteen of 18 cases that were cytologically grade 3 were confirmed on histology, while 3 proved to be grade 2. Of 40 cytologic grade 2 cases, 26 were confirmed on histology, while 14 cases were grade 3. Three of 4 cytologically grade 1 cases were confirmed on histology while 1 was grade 2. The overall accuracy for cytologic grading was 71% (44 of 62 cases). Thirty-seven of 40 ER-positive cases (92.5%) were labeled ER positive on ICC. One case was ER negative on cytology, while in 2 cases the cellularity of the cytologic smear was insufficient to assess ER expression. Thirty-seven cases were negativefor ER on IHC. Nine of these showed ER positivity on ICC, 26 were negative, and 2 had cellularity that was inadequate for assessment of ER. Sensitivity and specificity rates for ER detection on ICC were 97.4% and 74.3%, respectively.

    CONCLUSION: Tumor typing, grading and evaluation of ER status on FNA C material in breast carcinomas are simple, quick and moderately reliable techniques that compare and correlate favorably with histologic typing, grading and ER status on IHC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis*
  5. Leiomyosarcoma of the breast: report of a case with fine needle aspiration cytologic, histologic and immunohistochemical features
    Jayaram G, Jayalakshmi P, Yip CH
    Acta Cytol., 2005 Nov-Dec;49(6):656-60.
    PMID: 16450908
    BACKGROUND: Leiomyosarcoma of the breast is a rare neoplasm. We present a case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the breast in a middle-aged female in whom fine needle aspiration cytologic features suggested sarcoma.

    CASE: A 55-year-old female presented with a rapidly growing breast lump of 1 month's duration. On examination, an ulcerating, 12 x 10 cm tumor was seen involving the lower medial and lateral quadrants of the right breast. Fine needle aspiration cytology showed variably sized, dissociated and loosely clustered polygonal, plump and spindle cells with pale blue cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei that were round, oval or irregular. Occasional giant forms and nucleolated and mitotic cells were present. A single cluster of benign ductal cells was seen. The tumor cells did not express immunocytologic reactivity to estrogen receptor protein. A cytologic diagnosis of sarcoma was given with differential diagnoses of metaplastic carcinoma and malignant phyllodes tumor. Histologic study established the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma. Leiomyosarcoma of the breast shows fine needle aspiration cytologic features of sarcoma, but specific tumor typing may not be possible, especially when the cytologic material is inadequate for ancillary staining required to distinguish leiomyosarcoma from metaplastic carcinoma and malignant phyllodes tumor.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis*
  6. Intraventricular squamous papillary craniopharyngioma: report of a case with intraoperative imprint cytology
    Madhavan M, P JG, Abdullah Jafri J, Idris Z
    Acta Cytol., 2005 Jul-Aug;49(4):431-4.
    PMID: 16124175
    BACKGROUND: Squamous papillary craniopharyngioma is a distinct entity, and its cytologic features may be misleading. Because of the rarity of this tumor, this case is being reported with a note on the cytologic features.

    CASE: A 56-year-old Malay man who had 1-month history of generalized lethargy was admitted for altered sensorium. On examination, he was found to have neck stiffness, bilateral papilledema and generalized atrophy of muscles, with reduced power in all limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a solid mass in the third ventricle causing obstructive hydrocephalus. Intraoperative cytology of the mass diagnosed intraventricular meningioma. However, the final histopathologic examination revealed squamous papillary craniopharyngioma.

    CONCLUSION: Craniopharyngioma, squamous papillary type, is a rare entity and usually occurs in adults as an intraventricular solid tumor. Awareness of this entity will aid in arriving at the correct cytologic diagnosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meningeal Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Pituitary Neoplasms/diagnosis*
  7. Dural metastasis mimicking meningioma: an interesting case
    Hamid HA, Gee KY, Muhammad R, Abd Rahman ZA, Das S
    Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove), 2009;52(1):19-22.
    PMID: 19754003
    Dural metastasis is a rare entity in clinical practice. We report a case of dural metastasis secondary to thyroid carcinoma, which on both preoperative CT and MRI and at surgery had the typical appearance of a meningioma. Histopathological findings confirmed metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma as a primary site. Although rare, dural metastases can mimic a meningioma. Our experience in this case has led us to consider metastasis as a differential diagnosis even when a meningioma is suspected. We believe that reporting of the case of dural metastasis mimicking a meningioma may help clinicians in future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meningeal Neoplasms/diagnosis*
  8. Association of p53 tumor suppressor gene with paraclinical and clinical modalities of gliomas patients in Malaysia
    Yusoff AA, Abdullah J, Abdullah MR, Mohd Ariff AR, Isa MN
    Acta Neurochir (Wien), 2004 Jun;146(6):595-601.
    PMID: 15168228
    Alteration of the tumor suppressor gene p53 is considered to be a critical step in the development of human cancer. Changes in this gene have been detected in a wide range of human tumours, including gliomas. In glioma, the presence of p53 gene alterations has been associated with worse prognosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis
  9. Retinopathy in acute leukaemia at initial diagnosis: correlation of fundus lesions and haematological parameters
    Reddy SC, Jackson N
    Acta Ophthalmol Scand, 2004 Feb;82(1):81-5.
    PMID: 14738490
    PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of retinal changes in newly diagnosed acute leukaemia patients, and to establish the relationship between retinal lesions and haematological parameters in these patients.

    METHODS: A total of 127 patients with acute leukaemia (myeloid and lymphoid), of both genders, aged between 13 and 77 years, were examined by an ophthalmologist for retinal changes using direct/indirect ophthalmoscopy within 2 days of diagnosis before starting chemotherapy.

    RESULTS: Retinal lesions were seen in 62 cases (49%), with intraretinal haemorrhages being the most common lesion (42%). A high white blood cell count was significantly associated with intraretinal haemorrhages (p = 0.04) and white-centred haemorrhages (p = 0.001), while a low platelet count was significantly associated with intraretinal haemorrhages (p = 0.03) in acute myeloid leukaemia patients.

    CONCLUSIONS: A high white blood cell count may be considered as important as a low platelet count in the pathogenesis of leukaemic retinopathy.

    Matched MeSH terms: Retinal Neoplasms/diagnosis*
  10. Fulltext Plasmon-Enhanced Biosensing for Multiplexed Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles
    Min J, Son T, Hong JS, Cheah PS, Wegemann A, Murlidharan K, et al.
    Adv Biosyst, 2020 12;4(12):e2000003.
    PMID: 32815321 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000003
    Extracellular vesicles (EVs)-nanoscale phospholipid vesicles secreted by cells-present new opportunities for molecular diagnosis from non-invasive liquid biopsies. Single EV protein analysis can be extremely valuable in studying EVs as circulating cancer biomarkers, but it is technically challenging due to weak detection signals associated with limited amounts of epitopes and small surface areas for antibody labeling. Here, a new, simple method that enables multiplexed analyses of EV markers with improved sensitivities is reported. Specifically, plasmon-enhanced fluorescence detection is implemented that amplifies fluorescence signals using surface plasmon resonances excited by periodic gold nanohole structures. It is shown that fluorescence signals in multiple channels are amplified by one order of magnitude, and both transmembrane and intravesicular markers can be detected at the single EV level. This approach can offer additional insight into understanding subtypes, heterogeneity, and production dynamics of EVs during disease development and progression.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/diagnosis
  11. Probing the endogenous peptidomes of cancer for biomarkers: A new endeavor
    Lee PY, Low TY, Jamal R
    Adv Clin Chem, 2018 12 27;88:67-89.
    PMID: 30612607 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2018.10.004
    The life span of cancer patients can be prolonged with appropriate therapies if detected early. Mass screening for early detection of cancer, however, requires sensitive and specific biomarkers obtainable from body fluids such as blood or urine. To date, most biomarker discovery programs focus on the proteome rather than the endogenous peptidome. It has been long-established that tumor cells and stromal cells produce tumor resident proteases (TRPs) to remodel the surrounding tumor microenvironment in support of tumor progression. In fact, proteolytic products of TRPs have been shown to correlate with malignant behavior. Being of low molecular weight, these unique peptides can pass through the endothelial barrier of the vasculature into the bloodstream. As such, the cancer peptidome has increasingly become a focus for biomarker discovery. In this review, we discuss on the various aspects of the peptidome in cancer biomarker research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/diagnosis*
  12. Fulltext Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma: a case report and review of literature
    Khanna D, Chaubal T, Bapat R, Abdulla AM, Philip ST, Arora S
    Afr Health Sci, 2019 Dec;19(4):3253-3263.
    PMID: 32127904 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v19i4.50
    Background: Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CA-ex-PA) is extremely unusual in minor salivary glands of oral cavity. CAex-PA is a carcinomatous change as a primary or as a recurrence of pleomorphic adenoma.

    Objective: Due to resemblance of clinical symptoms of Ca ex PA and benign pleomorphic adenoma, it is mandatory for surgeons to keep high degree of clinical alertness, considering the peculiarity of this tumor.

    Case Report: 54-year-old male presented with swelling on left side in the pre-auricular region from the middle of zygomatic arch to mastoid process and from tragus of the ear up to angle of mandible. Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed a mixture of benign and malignant components. Total left parotidectomy with left radical neck dissection followed by reconstruction with cervicodeltopectoral flap was performed. Combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy were given to patient. Histologic examination and pre-operative fine needle aspiration cytology confirmed the diagnosis of Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CA-ex-PA). Two-year follow-up of patient showed no recurrence of the lesion.

    Conclusion: Due to the similarity in the clinical symptoms of CA-ex-PA and benign pleomorphic adenoma, it is vital that clinicians maintain a high degree of clinical vigilance, considering the oddity of this malignancy.

    Matched MeSH terms: Salivary Gland Neoplasms/diagnosis*
  13. Fulltext Commentary: adherence and detection rates in colorectal cancer screening
    Hilmi I, Goh KL
    Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2013 Jan;37(1):156-7; discussion 157-8.
    PMID: 23205475 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12122
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis*
  14. Time trends in upper gastrointestinal diseases and Helicobacter pylori infection in a multiracial Asian population--a 20-year experience over three time periods
    Leow AH, Lim YY, Liew WC, Goh KL
    Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2016 Apr;43(7):831-7.
    PMID: 26847417 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13550
    Marked epidemiological changes in upper gastrointestinal diseases and Helicobacter pylori infection have taken place in the Asian Pacific region. In particular, differences with respect to race in the multiracial Asian population in Malaysia have been important and interesting.
    Matched MeSH terms: Esophageal Neoplasms/diagnosis
  15. Fulltext Breast Cancer Polygenic Risk Score and Contralateral Breast Cancer Risk
    Kramer I, Hooning MJ, Mavaddat N, Hauptmann M, Keeman R, Steyerberg EW, et al.
    Am J Hum Genet, 2020 11 05;107(5):837-848.
    PMID: 33022221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.09.001
    Previous research has shown that polygenic risk scores (PRSs) can be used to stratify women according to their risk of developing primary invasive breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the association between a recently validated PRS of 313 germline variants (PRS313) and contralateral breast cancer (CBC) risk. We included 56,068 women of European ancestry diagnosed with first invasive breast cancer from 1990 onward with follow-up from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Metachronous CBC risk (N = 1,027) according to the distribution of PRS313 was quantified using Cox regression analyses. We assessed PRS313 interaction with age at first diagnosis, family history, morphology, ER status, PR status, and HER2 status, and (neo)adjuvant therapy. In studies of Asian women, with limited follow-up, CBC risk associated with PRS313 was assessed using logistic regression for 340 women with CBC compared with 12,133 women with unilateral breast cancer. Higher PRS313 was associated with increased CBC risk: hazard ratio per standard deviation (SD) = 1.25 (95%CI = 1.18-1.33) for Europeans, and an OR per SD = 1.15 (95%CI = 1.02-1.29) for Asians. The absolute lifetime risks of CBC, accounting for death as competing risk, were 12.4% for European women at the 10th percentile and 20.5% at the 90th percentile of PRS313. We found no evidence of confounding by or interaction with individual characteristics, characteristics of the primary tumor, or treatment. The C-index for the PRS313 alone was 0.563 (95%CI = 0.547-0.586). In conclusion, PRS313 is an independent factor associated with CBC risk and can be incorporated into CBC risk prediction models to help improve stratification and optimize surveillance and treatment strategies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
  16. Bone in the eye
    Jumaat BH, Dahalan A, Mohamad M
    Am J Ophthalmol, 2003 Feb;135(2):254-6.
    PMID: 12566045
    PURPOSE: To report a case of choroidal osteoma presenting with massive subretinal hemorrhage not associated with choroidal neovascularisation (CNV).

    DESIGN: Case report.

    METHODS: An 18-year-old man presented with sudden loss of vision in the right eye following competitive swimming. He was found to have a massive subretinal hemorrhage involving the macula.

    RESULTS: Following resolution of the hemorrhage, the patient was found to have an underlying choroidal osteoma. There was no evidence of choroidal neovascularisation clinically and angiographically. He regained his normal vision.

    CONCLUSIONS: Choroidal osteoma presenting with massive subretinal hemorrhage not associated with underlying choroidal neovascularization need not result in poor visual outcome.

    Matched MeSH terms: Choroid Neoplasms/diagnosis
  17. Rare embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of external acoustic canal: a case report and literature review
    Eksan MS, Noorizan Y, Chew YK, Noorafidah MD, Asma A
    Am J Otolaryngol, 2014 Nov-Dec;35(6):814-5.
    PMID: 25128187 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2014.07.009
    Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of external ear canal is very rare, even in the pediatric population. We report an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of external acoustic canal, occurring in a 12-year-old Chinese girl who presented with left ear canal mass. Wide local excision of the mass was done under local anesthesia. Histopathological examination revealed the diagnosis. She then underwent 20 cycles of radiotherapy. CECT scan post treatment showed clearance of tumor cell. Now, patient is disease free for 5 years. We believe that early diagnosis followed by complete resection of the tumor with clear margin and radiotherapy improves the prognosis of the disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ear Neoplasms/diagnosis*
  18. Novel Epstein-Barr virus immunoglobulin G-based approach for the specific detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
    Abdulamir AS, Hafidh RR, Abu Bakar F, Abbas K
    Am J Otolaryngol, 2010 Nov-Dec;31(6):410-7.
    PMID: 20015794 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2009.06.006
    PURPOSE: This study was designed to find a reliable Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immunoglobulin (Ig) G-based diagnostic/screening test for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) able to demarcate between the NPC-related seropositivity of EBV IgG antibodies and that of other head and neck cancer (HNCA) and control groups. The NPC-associated immunosuppression affects EBV IgA much more than IgG, leading to inconsistent detection of NPC using EBV IgA antibodies.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-two HNCA patients, 42 NPC, 66 laryngeal carcinoma, and 14 hypopharyngeal carcinoma and 3 groups of 100 control subjects were enrolled in this study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to find a specific cutoff value for the NPC-related seropositivity of EBV IgG antibodies.
    RESULTS: NPC group showed higher serum level of EBV IgG antibodies than control and other HNCA groups (P < .05). However, the traditional cutoff value, mean + 2 SDs of control subjects, failed to demarcate the seropositives of NPC patients from those of healthy population (P > .05). The new cutoff value, mean + 2 SDs of the seropositives group of control subjects who had already been grouped by the traditional cutoff value, proved successful. It succeeded to demarcate between the NPC-related EBV IgG seropositivity and that issued from the persistent, latent, or reactivated EBV infection in the population (P < .05). The sensitivity/specificity of NPC detection by the new cutoff-based ELISA kit, 76.19% and 86%, was close or higher than that of EBV IgA antibodies.
    CONCLUSION: EBV IgG-based ELISA could be used for the diagnosis of NPC using a new cutoff threshold that excludes the population baseline of EBV IgG seropositivity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis
  19. Improving health screening uptake in men: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Teo CH, Ling CJ, Ng CJ
    Am J Prev Med, 2018 Jan;54(1):133-143.
    PMID: 29254551 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.08.028
    CONTEXT: Globally, uptake of health screening in men remains low and the effectiveness of interventions to promote screening uptake in men is not well established. This review aimed to determine the effectiveness of interventions in improving men's uptake of and intention to undergo screening, including interventions using information and communication technology and a male-sensitive approach.

    EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Studies were sourced from five electronic databases (October 2015), experts, and references of included studies. This study included RCTs or cluster RCTs that recruited men and reported uptake of or intention to undergo screening. Two researchers independently performed study selection, appraisal, and data extraction. The interventions were grouped into those that increase uptake and those that promote informed decision making. They were further sub-analyzed according to types of intervention, male-sensitive, and web- and video-based interventions. The analysis was completed in December 2016.

    EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: This review included 58 studies. Most studies were on prostate cancer (k=31) and HIV (k=11) screening. Most of the studies had low methodologic quality (79.3%) and after excluding them from the analysis, one study found that educational intervention (which was also male-sensitive) was effective in improving men's intention to screen (risk ratio=1.36, 95% CI=1.23, 1.50, k=1) and partner educational intervention increased men's screening uptake (risk ratio=1.77, 95% CI=1.48, 2.12, k=1). Video-based educational interventions reduced prostate cancer screening uptake (risk ratio=0.89, 95%CI=0.80, 0.99, k=1) but web-based interventions did not change men's screening intention or uptake.

    CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights the need to conduct more robust studies to provide conclusive evidence on the effectiveness of different interventions to improve men's screening behavior.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis*
  20. Endometrial and endocervical secretion: the search for histochemical differentiation
    Nieuwenhuizen L, Khalil MK, Venkatesh N, Othman NH
    Anal. Quant. Cytol. Histol., 2006 Apr;28(2):87-96.
    PMID: 16637511
    To determine the ideal histochemical stain to differentiate between non-neoplastic and neoplastic endocervix and endometrium.
    Matched MeSH terms: Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Endometrial Neoplasms/diagnosis*
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