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  1. Fulltext “Medicated oxygen” – the wonder drug for anxious children
    Niekla S. Andiesta, Zeinab Abbas Hasan, Chooi Gait Toh
    International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2013;7(2):47-50.
    MyJurnal
    Pain and anxiety management is of paramount importance in dentistry especially for child patients. The term “Medicated Oxygen” or “Magic Air” refers to a mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen gases that is commonly used for partial sedation in pediatric dental populations. The gas is colorless and virtually odorless with a faint, sweet smell. Nitrous oxide sedation is administered by inhalation, absorbed by diffusion through the lungs, and eliminated via respiration. In children, sedation may accelerate the delivery of dental treatment that requires patient serenity and may allow the patient to tolerate unpleasant procedures by reducing anxiety, discomfort, or pain.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxygen
  2. Fulltext α-Mangostin from Cratoxylum arborescens demonstrates apoptogenesis in MCF-7 with regulation of NF-κB and Hsp70 protein modulation in vitro, and tumor reduction in vivo
    Ibrahim MY, Hashim NM, Mohan S, Abdulla MA, Kamalidehghan B, Ghaderian M, et al.
    Drug Des Devel Ther, 2014;8:1629-47.
    PMID: 25302018 DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S66105
    Cratoxylum arborescens is an equatorial plant belonging to the family Guttiferae. In the current study, α-Mangostin (AM) was isolated and its cell death mechanism was studied. HCS was undertaken to detect the nuclear condensation, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell permeability, and the release of cytochrome c. An investigation for reactive oxygen species formation was conducted using fluorescent analysis. To determine the mechanism of cell death, human apoptosis proteome profiler assay was conducted. In addition, using immunofluorescence and immunoblotting, the levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 proteins were also tested. Caspaces such as 3/7, 8, and 9 were assessed during treatment. Using HCS and Western blot, the contribution of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) was investigated. AM had showed a selective cytotoxicity toward the cancer cells with no toxicity toward the normal cells even at 30 μg/mL, thereby indicating that AM has the attributes to induce cell death in tumor cells. The treatment of MCF-7 cells with AM prompted apoptosis with cell death-transducing signals. This regulated the mitochondrial membrane potential by down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax, thereby causing the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol. The liberation of cytochrome c activated caspace-9, which, in turn, activated the downstream executioner caspace-3/7 with the cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase protein, thereby leading to apoptotic alterations. Increase of caspace 8 had showed the involvement of an extrinsic pathway. This type of apoptosis was suggested to occur through both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways and prevention of translocation of NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Our results revealed AM prompt apoptosis of MCF-7 cells through NF-κB, Bax/Bcl-2 and heat shock protein 70 modulation with the contribution of caspaces. Moreover, ingestion of AM at (30 and 60 mg/kg) significantly reduced tumor size in an animal model of breast cancer. Our results suggest that AM is a potentially useful agent for the treatment of breast cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
  3. para-Phenylenediamine induces apoptosis through activation of reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial pathway, and inhibition of the NF-κB, mTOR, and Wnt pathways in human urothelial cells
    Reena K, Ng KY, Koh RY, Gnanajothy P, Chye SM
    Environ Toxicol, 2017 Jan;32(1):265-277.
    PMID: 26784575 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22233
    para-Phenylenediamine (PPD) has long been used in two-thirds of permanent oxidative hair dye formulations. Epidemiological studies and in vivo studies have shown that hair dye is a suspected carcinogen of bladder cancer. However, the toxicity effects of PPD to human bladder remains elusive. In this study, the effects of PPD and its involvement in the apoptosis pathways in human urothelial cells (UROtsa) was investigated. It was demonstrated that PPD decreased cell viability and increased the number of sub-G1 hypodiploid cells in UROtsa cells. Cell death due to apoptosis was detected using Annexin V binding assay. Further analysis showed PPD generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), induced mitochondrial dysfunction through the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased caspase-3 level in UROtsa cells. Western blot analysis of PPD-treated UROtsa cells showed down-regulation of phosphorylated proteins from NF-κB, mTOR, and Wnt pathways. In conclusion, PPD induced apoptosis via activation of ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway, and possibly through inhibition of NF-κB, mTOR, and Wnt pathways. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 265-277, 2017.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism*
  4. Fulltext o-Vanillin Derived Schiff Bases and Their Organotin(IV) Compounds: Synthesis, Structural Characterisation, In-Silico Studies and Cytotoxicity
    Yusof ENM, Latif MAM, Tahir MIM, Sakoff JA, Simone MI, Page AJ, et al.
    Int J Mol Sci, 2019 Feb 15;20(4).
    PMID: 30781445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040854
    Six new organotin(IV) compounds of Schiff bases derived from S-R-dithiocarbazate [R = benzyl (B), 2- or 4-methylbenzyl (2M and 4M, respectively)] condensed with 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (oVa) were synthesised and characterised by elemental analysis, various spectroscopic techniques including infrared, UV-vis, multinuclear (¹H, 13C, 119Sn) NMR and mass spectrometry, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The organotin(IV) compounds were synthesised from the reaction of Ph₂SnCl₂ or Me₂SnCl₂ with the Schiff bases (S2MoVaH/S4MoVaH/SBoVaH) to form a total of six new organotin(IV) compounds that had a general formula of [R₂Sn(L)] (where L = Schiff base; R = Ph or Me). The molecular geometries of Me₂Sn(S2MoVa), Me₂Sn(S4MoVa) and Me₂Sn(SBoVa) were established by X-ray crystallography and verified using density functional theory calculations. Interestingly, each experimental structure contained two independent but chemically similar molecules in the crystallographic asymmetric unit. The coordination geometry for each molecule was defined by thiolate-sulphur, phenoxide-oxygen and imine-nitrogen atoms derived from a dinegative, tridentate dithiocarbazate ligand with the remaining positions occupied by the methyl-carbon atoms of the organo groups. In each case, the resulting five-coordinate C₂NOS geometry was almost exactly intermediate between ideal trigonal-bipyramidal and square-pyramidal geometries. The cytotoxic activities of the Schiff bases and organotin(IV) compounds were investigated against EJ-28 and RT-112 (bladder), HT29 (colon), U87 and SJ-G2 (glioblastoma), MCF-7 (breast) A2780 (ovarian), H460 (lung), A431 (skin), DU145 (prostate), BE2-C (neuroblastoma) and MIA (pancreatic) cancer cell lines and one normal breast cell line (MCF-10A). Diphenyltin(IV) compounds exhibited greater potency than either the Schiff bases or the respective dimethyltin(IV) compounds. Mechanistic studies on the action of these compounds against bladder cancer cells revealed that they induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The bladder cancer cells were apoptotic after 24 h post-treatment with the diphenyltin(IV) compounds. The interactions of the organotin(IV) compounds with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) were experimentally explored using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. This study revealed that the organotin(IV) compounds have strong DNA binding affinity, verified via molecular docking simulations, which suggests that these organotin(IV) compounds interact with DNA via groove-binding interactions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reactive Oxygen Species
  5. [Molecular regulatory mechanisms of hypoxia-inducible factor and interventional effect of Chinese herbal medicine]
    Bu-Hui L, Mei-Zi W, Wei S, Yi-Gang W, Wei WU, Qi-Jun F, et al.
    Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 2020 Oct;45(20):4805-4811.
    PMID: 33350250 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200630.602
    Hypoxia-inducible factors(HIFs)are the key transcription factors that sense and regulate cellular oxygen concentration in vivo. HIF-1 is composed of 2 subunits,α and β,in which,the molecular regulatory mechanism of HIF-1α involves the main processes of its degradation and activation. The degradation of HIF-1α is regulated by oxygen-dependent pathways,including "von hippel-lindau protein(pVHL)-dependent pathway" and "pVHL-independent pathway". The activation of HIF-1α is regulated by oxygen-independent pathways,including mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)/eukaryotic initiation factor 4 E-binding protein 1(4 EBP1)/HIF-1α pathway,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3 K)/proteirrserinc-threonine kinases(Akt)/HIF-1α pathway and silent information regulator1(Sirt1)/HIF-1α pathway. In recent years,based on the molecular regulatory mechanism of HIFs,Roxadustat,a new drug for the treatment of renal anemia has been developed. Besides, some macromolecular substances with similar pharmacological effect to HIFs have been found in the extracts from Chinese herbal medicine(CHM),such as emodin,notoginseng triterpenes,honokiol and clematichinenoside. These natural macromolecular substances play the regulatory roles in inflammatory response,epigenetic modification and auto-phagy. It is worth noting that,for common hypoxic-related diseases including diabetic kidney disease,HIFs-mediated "pyroptosis" may be a new target of CHMs for clearing dampness and heat and its representative classical prescriptions(Ermiao Pills)in treating inflammatory injury in cells and tissues.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxygen
  6. Zingerone (4-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)butan-2-one) ameliorates renal function via controlling oxidative burst and inflammation in experimental diabetic nephropathy
    Rehman MU, Rashid SM, Rasool S, Shakeel S, Ahmad B, Ahmad SB, et al.
    Arch Physiol Biochem, 2019 Jul;125(3):201-209.
    PMID: 29537332 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1448422
    Development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is directly linked to oxidative stress and inflammation. In this context, inflammatory and oxidative markers have gained much attention as targets for therapeutic intervention. We studied the effect of zingerone in a streptozotocin/high fat diet (STZ/HFD)-induced type 2 diabetic Wistar rat model. Zingerone also known as vanillyl acetone is a pharmacologically active compound present usually in dry ginger. STZ/HFD caused excessive increase in ROS and inflammation in experimental animals. The treatment with zingerone markedly abrogated ROS levels, inhibited the NF-кB activation and considerably reduced level of other downstream inflammatory molecules (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), furthermore, zingerone treatment improved renal functioning by significantly decreasing the levels of kidney toxicity markers KIM-1, BUN, creatinine, and LDH and suppressed TGF-β. Collectively, these findings indicate that zingerone treatment improved renal function by anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, suggesting the efficacy of zingerone in the treatment of DN.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reactive Oxygen Species
  7. Zinc and Metallothionein in the Development and Progression of Dental Caries
    Rahman MT, Hossain A, Pin CH, Yahya NA
    Biol Trace Elem Res, 2019 Jan;187(1):51-58.
    PMID: 29744817 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1369-z
    Chronic oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in oral cavity as well as acidic pH on dental enamel surface due to the metabolic activities of bacterial plaque are the major contributors in the development and progression of dental caries. Along with other factors, deposition or dissolution Ca and Mg mostly determines the re- or demineralization of dental enamel. Zn plays an important role for both Ca and Mg bioavailability in oral cavity. Metallothionein (MT), a group of small molecular weight, cysteine-rich proteins (~ 7 kDa), is commonly induced by ROS, bacterial infection, and Zn. In the current review, we evaluated MT at the junction between the progression of dental caries and its etiologies that are common in MT biosynthesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
  8. XPS study of sulfur and phosphorus compounds with different oxidation states
    Leanne Britcher, Sunil Kumar, Hans J. Griesser, Kim S. Siow
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:1913-1922.
    In this report, we demonstrate that continuous improvement in XPS instruments and the calibration standards as well
    as analysis with standard component-fitting procedures can be used to determine the binding energies of compounds
    containing phosphorus and sulfur of different oxidation states with higher confidence. Based on such improved XPS
    analyses, the binding energies (BEs) of S2p signals for sulfur of increasing oxidation state are determined to be 166-167.5
    eV for S=O in dimethyl sulfoxide, 168.1 eV for S=O2
    in polysulfone, 168.4 eV for SO3
    in polystyrene sulfonate and 168.8
    eV for SO4
    in chondroitin sulfate. The BEs of P2p signals show the following values: 132.9 eV for PO3
    in triisopropyl
    phosphite, 133.3 eV for PO4
    in glycerol phosphate, 133.5 eV for PO4
    in sodium tripolyphosphate and 134.0 eV for PO4
    in sodium hexametaphosphate. These results showed that there are only small increases in the binding energy when
    additional oxygen atoms are added to the S-O chemical group. A similar result is obtained when the fourth oxygen or
    poly-phosphate environment is added to the phosphorus compound. These BE values are useful to researchers involved
    in identifying oxidation states of phosphorus and sulfur atoms commonly observed on modified surfaces and interfaces
    found in applications such as biomaterials, super-capacitors and catalysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxygen
  9. Fulltext X-ray diffraction and TGA kinetic analyses for chemical looping combustion applications
    Tijani MM, Aqsha A, Mahinpey N
    Data Brief, 2018 Apr;17:200-209.
    PMID: 29876387 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.12.044
    Synthesis and characterization of supported metal-based oxygen carriers were carried out to provide information related to the use of oxygen carriers for chemical looping combustion processes. The Cu, Co, Fe, Ni metals supported with Al2O3, CeO2, TiO2, ZrO2 were prepared using the wetness impregnation technique. Then, the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) characterization of oxidized and reduced samples was obtained and presented. The kinetic analysis using Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) of the synthesized samples was conducted. The kinetics of reduction reaction of all samples were estimated and explained.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxygen
  10. Water quality status of selected rivers in Kota Marudu, Sabah, Malaysia and its suitability for usage
    Ahmad Zaharin Aris, Wan YL, Sarva MP, Mohd Kamil Yusoff, Muhamma Firuz Ramli, Hafizan Juahir
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:377-388.
    The water chemistry of selected rivers in Kota Marudu, Sabah was studied based on the major ion chemistry and its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. Ten sampling stations were selected and water samples were collected from each station to assess its chemical properties. The physico-chemical variables including temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, turbidity, ammoniacal-nitrogen (NH3-N), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solid (TSS) were measured. The cations (K, Mg, Ca, Na) were analyzed by ICP-MS. Most of the variables were within the drinking water quality standards stipulated by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Ministry of Health (MOH), Malaysia except for turbidity. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and salinity hazard were calculated to identify the suitability of the water as irrigation water. The Wilcox diagram classifies that only 10% of samples are not suitable for the purpose of irrigation. The overall results showed that most of the rivers in Kota Marudu are still in a clean condition and suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes except for Sumbilingan River, which is considered as slightly polluted. The results are supported by the hierarchical cluster analysis as the stations were grouped into two groups; low and high pollution intensities. This preliminary result can update the baseline data of selected water quality parameters in the Kota Marudu and could serve as tool for assisting relevant government bodies in regulating the water resources policies in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxygen; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis
  11. Water quality evaluation system to assess the status and the suitability of the Citarum river water to different uses
    Fulazzaky MA
    Environ Monit Assess, 2010 Sep;168(1-4):669-84.
    PMID: 19728125 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-1142-z
    Water quality degradation in the Citarum river will increase from the year to year due to increasing pollutant loads when released particularly from Bandung region of the upstream areas into the river without treatment. This will be facing the problems on water quality status to use for multi-purposes in the downstream areas. The water quality evaluation system is used to evaluate the available water condition that distinguishes into two categories, i.e., the water quality index (WQI) and water quality aptitude (WQA). The assessment of water quality for the Citarum river from 10 selected stations was found that the WQI situates in the bad category generally and the WQA ranges from the suitable quality for agriculture and livestock watering uses to the unsuitable for biological potential function, drinking water production, and leisure activities and sports in the upstream areas of Saguling dam generally.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxygen/analysis
  12. Water Quality Modelling for River Activities Management: Example from a Low- and Middle-Income Country
    Zahidi I, Wilson G, Brown K, Hou FKK
    J Health Pollut, 2020 Dec;10(28):201207.
    PMID: 33324504 DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-10.28.201207
    Background: Rivers are susceptible to pollution and water pollution is a growing problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) with rapid development and minimal environmental protections. There are universal pollutant threshold values, but they are not directly linked to river activities such as sand mining and aquaculture. Water quality modelling can support assessments of river pollution and provide information on this important environmental issue.

    Objectives: The objective of the present study was to demonstrate water quality modelling methodology in reviewing existing policies for Malaysian river catchments based on an example case study.

    Methods: The MIKE 11 software developed by the Danish Hydraulic Institute was used to model the main pollutant point sources within the study area - sand mining and aquaculture. Water quality data were obtained for six river stations from 2000 to 2015. All sand mining and aquaculture locations and approximate production capacities were quantified by ground survey. Modelling of the sand washing effluents was undertaken with the advection-dispersion module due to the nature of the fine sediment. Modelling of the fates of aquaculture deposits required both advection-dispersion and Danish Hydraulic Institute ECO Lab modules to simulate the detailed interactions between water quality determinants.

    Results: According to the Malaysian standard, biochemical oxygen command (BOD) and ammonium (NH4) parameters fell under Class IV at most of the river reaches, while the dissolved oxygen (DO) parameter varied between Classes II to IV. Total suspended solids (TSS) fell within Classes IV to V along the mid river reaches of the catchment.

    Discussion: Comparison between corresponding constituents and locations showed that the water quality model reproduced the long-term duration exceedance for the main body of the curves. However, the water quality model underestimated the infrequent high concentration observations. A standard effluent disposal was proposed for the development of legislation and regulations by authorities in the district that could be replicated for other similar catchments.

    Conclusions: Modelling pollutants enables observation of trends over the years and the percentage of time a certain class is exceeded for each individual pollutant. The catchment did not meet Class II requirements and may not be able to reach Class I without extensive improvements in the quality and reducing the quantity of both point and non-point effluent sources within the catchment.

    Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests.

    Matched MeSH terms: Oxygen
  13. Fulltext Vitamin E-Mediated Modulation of Glutamate Receptor Expression in an Oxidative Stress Model of Neural Cells Derived from Embryonic Stem Cell Cultures
    Abd Jalil A, Khaza'ai H, Nordin N, Mansor N, Zaulkffali AS
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2017;2017:6048936.
    PMID: 29348770 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6048936
    Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Excessive concentrations of glutamate in the brain can be excitotoxic and cause oxidative stress, which is associated with Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, the effects of vitamin E in the form of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) and alpha-tocopherol (α-TCP) in modulating the glutamate receptor and neuron injury markers in an in vitro model of oxidative stress in neural-derived embryonic stem (ES) cell cultures were elucidated. A transgenic mouse ES cell line (46C) was differentiated into a neural lineage in vitro via induction with retinoic acid. These cells were then subjected to oxidative stress with a significantly high concentration of glutamate. Measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was performed after inducing glutamate excitotoxicity, and recovery from this toxicity in response to vitamin E was determined. The gene expression levels of glutamate receptors and neuron-specific enolase were elucidated using real-time PCR. The results reveal that neural cells derived from 46C cells and subjected to oxidative stress exhibit downregulation of NMDA, kainate receptor, and NSE after posttreatment with different concentrations of TRF and α-TCP, a sign of neurorecovery. Treatment of either TRF or α-TCP reduced the levels of ROS in neural cells subjected to glutamate-induced oxidative stress; these results indicated that vitamin E is a potent antioxidant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reactive Oxygen Species
  14. Fulltext Vitamin E in sarcopenia: current evidences on its role in prevention and treatment
    Khor SC, Abdul Karim N, Ngah WZ, Yusof YA, Makpol S
    Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2014;2014:914853.
    PMID: 25097722 DOI: 10.1155/2014/914853
    Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome that is characterized by gradual loss of muscle mass and strength with increasing age. Although the underlying mechanism is still unknown, the contribution of increased oxidative stress in advanced age has been recognized as one of the risk factors of sarcopenia. Thus, eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be a strategy to combat sarcopenia. In this review, we discuss the potential role of vitamin E in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Vitamin E is a lipid soluble vitamin, with potent antioxidant properties and current evidence suggesting a role in the modulation of signaling pathways. Previous studies have shown its possible beneficial effects on aging and age-related diseases. Although there are evidences suggesting an association between vitamin E and muscle health, they are still inconclusive compared to other more extensively studied chronic diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we reviewed the role of vitamin E and its potential protective mechanisms on muscle health based on previous and current in vitro and in vivo studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
  15. Vitamin D status and oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus
    Lee WC, Mokhtar SS, Munisamy S, Yahaya S, Rasool AHG
    Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand), 2018 May 30;64(7):60-69.
    PMID: 29974854
    Diabetes mellitus is an epidemic that is gaining global concern. Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes induces the excess production of free radicals. The deleterious effects of excess free radicals are encountered by endogenous antioxidant defense system. Imbalance between free radicals production and antioxidants defense mechanisms leads to a condition known as "oxidative stress". Diabetes mellitus is associated with augmented oxidative stress that induced micro- and macrovascular complications, which presents a significant risk for cardiovascular events. Low vitamin D levels in the body have also been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes and enhanced oxidative stress. The article is to review available literature and summarize the relationship between oxidative stress and vitamin D levels in diabetes. We also review the effects of vitamin D analogs supplementation in improving oxidative stress in diabetics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
  16. Fulltext Vitamin C suppresses cell death in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells induced by tamoxifen
    Subramani T, Yeap SK, Ho WY, Ho CL, Omar AR, Aziz SA, et al.
    J Cell Mol Med, 2014 Feb;18(2):305-13.
    PMID: 24266867 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12188
    Vitamin C is generally thought to enhance immunity and is widely taken as a supplement especially during cancer treatment. Tamoxifen (TAM) has both cytostatic and cytotoxic properties for breast cancer. TAM engaged mitochondrial oestrogen receptor beta in MCF-7 cells and induces apoptosis by activation of pro-caspase-8 followed by downstream events, including an increase in reactive oxygen species and the release of pro-apoptotic factors from the mitochondria. In addition to that, TAM binds with high affinity to the microsomal anti-oestrogen-binding site and inhibits cholesterol esterification at therapeutic doses. This study aimed to investigate the role of vitamin C in TAM-mediated apoptosis. Cells were loaded with vitamin C by exposure to dehydroascorbic acid, thereby circumventing in vitro artefacts associated with the poor transport and pro-oxidant effects of ascorbic acid. Pre-treatment with vitamin C caused a dose-dependent attenuation of cytotoxicity, as measured by acridine-orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) and Annexin V assay after treatment with TAM. Vitamin C dose-dependently protected cancer cells against lipid peroxidation caused by TAM treatment. By real-time PCR analysis, an impressive increase in FasL and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA was detected after TAM treatment. In addition, a decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential was observed. These results support the hypothesis that vitamin C supplementation during cancer treatment may detrimentally affect therapeutic response.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
  17. Virgin Coconut Oil-Induced Neuroprotection in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Rats is Mediated, in Part, Through Cholinergic, Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways
    Rahim NS, Lim SM, Mani V, Hazalin NAMN, Majeed ABA, Ramasamy K
    J Diet Suppl, 2020 Oct 14.
    PMID: 33962540 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2020.1830223
    Neuroinflammation is associated with neuronal cell death and could lead to chronic neurodegeneration. This study investigated the neuroprotective potential of virgin coconut oil (VCO) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytotoxicity of neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. The findings were validated using Wistar rats, which were fed with 1-10 g/kg VCO for 31 days, exposed to LPS (0.25 mg/kg) and subjected to the Morris Water Maze Test. Brain homogenate was subjected to biochemical analyses and gene expression studies. α-Tocopherol (α-T; 150 mg/kg) served as the positive control. VCO (100 µg/mL) significantly (p oxygen species (-31%) in the presence of LPS. VCO (especially 10 g/kg) also significantly (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Reactive Oxygen Species
  18. Vertical flow constructed wetlands using expanded clay and biochar for wastewater remediation: A comparative study and prediction of effluents using machine learning
    Nguyen XC, Ly QV, Peng W, Nguyen VH, Nguyen DD, Tran QB, et al.
    J Hazard Mater, 2021 07 05;413:125426.
    PMID: 33621772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125426
    This study evaluated and compared the performance of two vertical flow constructed wetlands (VF) using expanded clay (VF1) and biochar (VF2), of which both are low-cost, eco-friendly, and exhibit potentially high adsorption as compared to conventional filter layers. Both VFs achieved relatively high removal for organic matters (i.e. Biological oxygen demand during 5 days, BOD5) and nitrogen, accounting for 9.5 - 10.5 g.BOD5.m-2.d-1 and 3.5 - 3.6 g.NH4-N.m-2.d-1, respectively. The different filter materials did not exert any significant discrepancy to effluent quality in terms of suspended solids, organic matters and NO3-N (P > 0.05), but they did influence NH4-N effluent as evidenced by the removal rate of that by VF1 and VF2 being of 82.4 ± 5.7 and 84.6 ± 6.4%, respectively (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis
  19. Vernodalin induces apoptosis through the activation of ROS/JNK pathway in human colon cancer cells
    Mohebali N, Pandurangan AK, Mustafa MR, Anandasadagopan SK, Alagumuthu T
    J Biochem Mol Toxicol, 2020 Dec;34(12):e22587.
    PMID: 32726518 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22587
    Colorectal cancer is one of the most leading death-causing cancers in the world. Vernodalin, a cytotoxic sesquiterpene, has been reported to possess anticancer properties against human breast cancer cells. We aimed to examine the anticancer mechanism of vernodalin on human colon cancer cells. Vernodalin was used on human colon cancer cells, HT-29 and HCT116. The cytotoxicity of vernodalin on human colon cancer cells was determined through in vitro 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. Small interfering RNA was used to analyze the cascade activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in HT-29, and HCT116 cells against vernodalin treatment. The protein expressions of caspase 3, Bcl-2, and Bax were examined through Western blot analysis. Immunoblot analysis on the JNK, ERK, and p38 MAPK pathways showed increased activation due to vernodalin treatment. It was proven from the JNK and p38 inhibition test that both pathways are significantly activated by vernodalin to induce apoptosis. Our results, collectively, showed the apoptosis-induced anticancer mechanism of vernodalin on human colon cancer cells that was mediated through the activation of JNK pathway and apoptotic regulator proteins. These results suggest that vernodalin could be developed as a potent chemotherapeutic agent for human colorectal cancer treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism*
  20. Fulltext Vegetative swale for treatment of stormwater runoff from construction site
    Ismail, A. F., Sapari, N., Abdul Wahab, M. M.
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2014;22(1):55-64.
    MyJurnal
    Land development, especially construction works, increase storm water volumes and pollution loads into rivers and lakes. The temporary drainage system at construction sites, particularly during the construction stage discharges a large amount of pollutants that can damage the aquatic system of the receiving water bodies. The potential of vegetative swale to alleviate this problem was evaluated. The size of the constructed vegetative swale was 7cm deep, 400cm long and 15cm wide at the bottom, and 17cm wide at the top. The experiment was conducted batch wise by filling the storage tank with the run-off water from the construction site. The water was allowed to flow through a pipe into the retention basin to maintain uniform flow before it entered the swale. The study showed that the run-off infiltrated through the soil at a rate of 489.6 mm/hr. Samples of surface run-off and infiltration water were collected at the end and the bottom of the swale. The results indicate that chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS), turbidity, iron and zinc were reduced by 85.4%, 80.8%, 36.4%, 52.8% and 96.0%, respectively, by surface flow and 91.1%, 98.8%, 58.2% 55.5% and 98.1%, respectively, by infiltration. Removal of nitrate and phosphorus by the planted vegetation was 69.4% and 21.1%, respectively, by infiltration. However, nutrient removal by surface flow was negligible. In conclusion, the vegetative swale was able to improve the water quality of the storm water run-off from the construction site from Class V to Class III, according to the Interim National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis
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