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  1. Sivalingam N, Surinder S
    Med J Malaysia, 2001 Dec;56(4):451-9.
    PMID: 12014765
    Intra-umbilical injection of oxytocin has been used to hasten placental separation in retained placenta. A randomised controlled trial was done on 35 consequent women who fulfilled the criteria for retained placenta at the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Ipoh Hospital. Nineteen patients who were recruited into the study group received intraumbilical injection of 301U oxytocin in 27mls saline. Another 16 patients who were in the control group received 30mls of 0.9% sodium chloride (placebo). The primary outcome measured was the need for manual removal of placenta (MRP). Nine out of the 19 patients in the oxytocin group required MRP while 10/16 in the control group required MRP. There was a 24% reduction (95% C.I. 0.41 to 1.39) in the need for MRP in the study group compared to the saline group. our results indicate that intra-umbilical vein injection of oxytocin is not clinically useful for the removal of a retained placenta.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxytocin/administration & dosage*
  2. Tan PC, Valiapan SD, Tay PY, Omar SZ
    BJOG, 2007 Jul;114(7):824-32.
    PMID: 17506788
    To compare concurrent oxytocin with dinoprostone pessary versus dinoprostone pessary in labour induction for nulliparas with an unfavourable cervix.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxytocin/administration & dosage*
  3. Nirmala K, Zainuddin AA, Ghani NA, Zulkifli S, Jamil MA
    J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2009 Feb;35(1):48-54.
    PMID: 19215547 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2008.00829.x
    To compare the efficacy of a single dose of 100 microg intramuscular carbetocin to a single dose of intramuscular syntometrine (0.5 mg ergometrine and 5IU oxytocin), in preventing post-partum hemorrhage (PPH) in high risk patients following vaginal delivery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxytocin/administration & dosage
  4. Tan PC, Daud SA, Omar SZ
    Obstet Gynecol, 2009 May;113(5):1059-1065.
    PMID: 19384121 DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181a1f605
    OBJECTIVE: : To estimate the effect of concurrent vaginal dinoprostone and oxytocin infusion against oxytocin infusion for labor induction in premature rupture of membranes (PROM) on vaginal delivery within 12 hours and patient satisfaction.

    METHODS: : Nulliparas with uncomplicated PROM at term, a Bishop score less than or equal to 6, and who required labor induction were recruited for a double-blind randomized trial. Participants were randomly assigned to 3-mg dinoprostone pessary and oxytocin infusion or placebo and oxytocin infusion. A cardiotocogram was performed before induction and maintained to delivery. Dinoprostone pessary or placebo was placed in the posterior vaginal fornix. Oxytocin intravenous infusion was commenced at 2 milliunits/min and doubled every 30 minutes to a maximum of 32 milliunits/min. Oxytocin infusion rate was titrated to achieve four contractions every 10 minutes. Primary outcomes were vaginal delivery within 12 hours and maternal satisfaction with the birth process using a visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 to 10 (higher score, greater satisfaction).

    RESULTS: : One hundred fourteen women were available for analysis. Vaginal delivery rates within 12 hours were 25 of 57 (43.9%) for concurrent treatment compared with 27/57 (47.4%) (relative risk 0.9, 95% confidence interval 0.6-1.4, P=.85) for oxytocin only; median VAS was 8 (interquartile range [IQR] 2) compared with 8 (IQR 2), P=.38. Uterine hyperstimulation was 14% compared with 5.3%, P=.20; overall vaginal delivery rates were 59.6% compared with 64.9%, P=.70; and induction to vaginal delivery interval 9.7 hours compared with 9.4 hours P=.75 for concurrent treatment compared with oxytocin, respectively. There was no significant difference for any other outcome.

    CONCLUSION: : Concurrent vaginal dinoprostone and intravenous oxytocin for labor induction of term PROM did not expedite delivery or improve patient satisfaction.

    CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: : Current Controlled Trials, www.controlled-trials.com, ISRCTN74376345

    LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: : I.

    Matched MeSH terms: Oxytocin/administration & dosage*
  5. Tan PC, Soe MZ, Sulaiman S, Omar SZ
    Obstet Gynecol, 2013 Feb;121(2 Pt 1):253-259.
    PMID: 23344273 DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31827e7fd9
    OBJECTIVE: To compare immediate with delayed (4 hours) oxytocin infusion after amniotomy on vaginal delivery within 12 hours and patient satisfaction with the birth process.

    METHODS: Parous women with favorable cervixes after amniotomy for labor induction were randomized to immediate titrated oxytocin or placebo intravenous infusion in a double-blind noninferiority trial. After 4 hours, study infusions were stopped, the women were assessed, and open-label oxytocin was started if required. Maternal satisfaction with the birth process was assessed with a 10-point visual numerical rating scale (lower score, greater satisfaction).

    RESULTS: Vaginal delivery rates at 12 hours were 91 of 96 (94.8%) compared with 91 of 94 (96.8%) (relative risk 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.92-1.04, P=.72), and maternal satisfaction on a visual numerical rating scale (median [interquartile range]) was 3 [3-4] compared with 3 [3-5], P=.36 for immediate compared with delayed arm, respectively). Cesarean delivery, maternal fever, postpartum hemorrhage, uterine hyperactivity, and adverse neonatal outcome rates were similar between arms. The immediate oxytocin arm had a shorter amniotomy-to-delivery interval of 5.3±3.1 compared with 6.9±2.9 hours (Poxytocin infusion was avoided by 35.6%.

    CONCLUSIONS: Immediate or delayed oxytocin infusions are reasonable options after amniotomy for labor induction in parous women with favorable cervixes. The choice should take into account local resources and the woman's wish.

    CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN Register, http://isrctn.org, ISRCTN51476259.

    LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I.

    Matched MeSH terms: Oxytocin/administration & dosage*
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