Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 37 in total

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  1. Rehman K, Zulfakar MH
    Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 2014 Apr;40(4):433-40.
    PMID: 23937582 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.828219
    Transdermal drug delivery systems are a constant source of interest because of the benefits that they afford in overcoming many drawbacks associated with other modes of drug delivery (i.e. oral, intravenous). Because of the impermeable nature of the skin, designing a suitable drug delivery vehicle that penetrates the skin barrier is challenging. Gels are semisolid formulations, which have an external solvent phase, may be hydrophobic or hydrophilic in nature, and are immobilized within the spaces of a three-dimensional network structure. Gels have a broad range of applications in food, cosmetics, biotechnology, pharmatechnology, etc. Typically, gels can be distinguished according to the nature of the liquid phase, for example, organogels (oleogels) contain an organic solvent, and hydrogels contain water. Recent studies have reported other types of gels for dermal drug application, such as proniosomal gels, emulgels, bigels and aerogels. This review aims to introduce the latest trends in transdermal drug delivery via traditional hydrogels and organogels and to provide insight into the latest gel types (proniosomal gels, emulgels, bigels and aerogels) as well as recent technologies for topical and transdermal drug delivery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry
  2. Wui WT
    PMID: 25966873
    Matched MeSH terms: Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry*
  3. Wong TW
    Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul, 2011 Sep;5(3):227-43.
    PMID: 21834774
    Design of oral fast-release solid dispersion of poorly water-soluble drugs has been a great challenge over past decades on issues of drug recrystallization, drug polymorphism, formulation limited to low drug-to-carrier ratio and drug particle aggregation in matrix. The complexity in solid dispersion design is envisaged to be resolvable by the use of nanoparticulate system as solid dosage form. This manuscript reviews several patented processing approaches of nanoparticulate solid dispersion that have been reported recently. Through drug nanoencapsulation, a higher content of drug may be delivered with less aggregation via placing the same drug mass in a greater number of tinier carriers. Nanoencapsulation, by its own process of formation, brings about submicron particles. Keeping drug in these nanoparticles, a remarkable rise in specific surface area of drug is realized for dissolution. The augmentation of drug dissolution can be sufficiently high to the extent that the influences of polymorphism and crystallization phenomenon on drug dissolution in a solid dispersion may be negligible.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry
  4. Wong TW
    Curr Drug Deliv, 2008 Apr;5(2):77-84.
    PMID: 18393808
    Microwave has received a widespread application in pharmaceuticals and food processing, microbial sterilization, biomedical therapy, scientific and biomedical analysis, as well as, drug synthesis. This paper reviews the basis of application of microwave to prepare pharmaceutical dosage forms such as agglomerates, gel beads, microspheres, nanomatrix, solid dispersion, tablets and film coat. The microwave could induce drying, polymeric crosslinkages as well as drug-polymer interaction, and modify the structure of drug crystallites via its effects of heating and/or electromagnetic field on the dosage forms. The use of microwave opens a new approach to control the physicochemical properties and drug delivery profiles of pharmaceutical dosage forms without the need for excessive heat, lengthy process or toxic reactants. Alternatively, the microwave can be utilized to process excipients prior to their use in the formulation of drug delivery systems. The intended release characteristics of drugs in dosage forms can be met through modifying the physicochemical properties of excipients using the microwave.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry*
  5. Choudhury H, Gorain B, Chatterjee B, Mandal UK, Sengupta P, Tekade RK
    Curr Pharm Des, 2017;23(17):2504-2531.
    PMID: 27908273 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666161201143600
    BACKGROUND: Most of the active pharmaceutical ingredients discovered recently in pharmaceutical field exhibits poor aqueous solubility that pose major problem in their oral administration. The oral administration of these drugs gets further complicated due to their short bioavailability, inconsistent absorption and inter/intra subject variability.

    METHODS: Pharmaceutical emulsion holds a significant place as a primary choice of oral drug delivery system for lipophilic drugs used in pediatric and geriatric patients. Pharmacokinetic studies on nanoemulsion mediated drugs delivery approach indicates practical feasibility in regards to their clinical translation and commercialization.

    RESULTS: This review article is to provide an updated understanding on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of nanoemulsion delivered via oral, intravenous, topical and nasal route.

    CONCLUSION: The article is of huge interest to formulation scientists working on range of lipophilic drug molecules intended to be administered through oral, intravenous, topical and nasal routes for vivid medical benefits.

    Matched MeSH terms: Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry*
  6. Sabbagh F, Muhamad II, Nazari Z, Mobini P, Taraghdari SB
    Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2018 Nov 01;92:20-25.
    PMID: 30184743 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.06.022
    This study conducted on the structure of modified acrylamide-based hydrogel by synthesizing the nano composites. The hydrogels employed in this study were provided through a combination of acrylamide monomers, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles by crosslinking polymerization. N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine and ammonium persulfate as the initiator was applied in the structure of the polymer. Findings of the study considered the nano composites consisting of MgO have the highest swelling ratio compared to pure Aam hydrogels. Thus, MgO is an appropriate nanoparticle to be used in the nano composites. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite design (CCD Design) was applied to optimize the preparation variables of a hydrogel consisted of MgO, NaCMC. With the swelling ratio for acrylamide-based hydrogel as the response, the effects of two variables, i.e. MgO and NaCMC were investigated. The effects of pH, temperature, MgO, and NaCMC on the drug release were investigated using the CCD design. The predicted appropriate drug release conditions for the hydrogel at the highest rate of temperature (37.50 °C) and pH: 4.10, is at its highest value, while the lower drug release is at temperature 38 °C and pH 3.50. With the desired value of MgO (0.01 g) and amount of NaCMC (0.1 g).
    Matched MeSH terms: Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry*
  7. Carr AC, Piunova VA, Maarof H, Rice JE, Swope WC
    J Phys Chem B, 2018 05 31;122(21):5356-5367.
    PMID: 29385796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10539
    We present an all-atom molecular dynamics study of the effect of a range of organic solvents (dichloromethane, diethyl ether, toluene, methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and tetrahydrofuran) on the conformations of a nanogel star polymeric nanoparticle with solvophobic and solvophilic structural elements. These nanoparticles are of particular interest for drug delivery applications. As drug loading generally takes place in an organic solvent, this work serves to provide insight into the factors controlling the early steps of that process. Our work suggests that nanoparticle conformational structure is highly sensitive to the choice of solvent, providing avenues for further study as well as predictions for both computational and experimental explorations of the drug-loading process. Our findings suggest that when used in the drug-loading process, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, and toluene allow for a more extensive and increased drug-loading into the interior of nanogel star polymers of the composition studied here. In contrast, methanol is more likely to support shallow or surface loading and, consequently, faster drug release rates. Finally, diethyl ether should not work in a formulation process since none of the regions of the nanogel star polymer appear to be sufficiently solvated by it.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry*
  8. Al-Odaini NA, Zakaria MP, Yaziz MI, Surif S
    J Chromatogr A, 2010 Oct 29;1217(44):6791-806.
    PMID: 20851398 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.033
    Pollutants such as human pharmaceuticals and synthetic hormones that are not covered by environmental legislation have increasingly become important emerging aquatic contaminants. This paper reports the development of a sensitive and selective multi-residue method for simultaneous determination and quantification of 23 pharmaceuticals and synthetic hormones from different therapeutic classes in water samples. Target pharmaceuticals include anti-diabetic, antihypertensive, hypolipidemic agents, β2-adrenergic receptor agonist, antihistamine, analgesic and sex hormones. The developed method is based on solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by instrumental analysis using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) with 30 min total run time. River water samples (150 mL) and (sewage treatment plant) STP effluents (100 mL) adjusted to pH 2, were loaded into MCX (3 cm(3), 60 mg) cartridge and eluted with four different reagents for maximum recovery. Quantification was achieved by using eight isotopically labeled internal standards (I.S.) that effectively correct for losses during sample preparation and matrix effects during LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. Good recoveries higher than 70% were obtained for most of target analytes in all matrices. Method detection limit (MDL) ranged from 0.2 to 281 ng/L. The developed method was applied to determine the levels of target analytes in various samples, including river water and STP effluents. Among the tested emerging pollutants, chlorothiazide was found at the highest level, with concentrations reaching up to 865 ng/L in STP effluent, and 182 ng/L in river water.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry
  9. Tamilvanan S, Kumar BA, Senthilkumar SR, Baskar R, Sekharan TR
    AAPS PharmSciTech, 2010 Jun;11(2):904-9.
    PMID: 20496017 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9455-3
    The objectives of the present work were to prepare castor oil-based nano-sized emulsion containing cationic droplets stabilized by poloxamer-chitosan emulgator film and to assess the kinetic stability of the prepared cationic emulsion after subjecting it to thermal processing and freeze-thaw cycling. Presence of cryoprotectants (5%, w/w, sucrose +5%, w/w, sorbitol) improved the stability of emulsions to droplet aggregation during freeze-thaw cycling. After storing the emulsion at 4 degrees C, 25 degrees C, and 37 degrees C over a period of up to 6 months, no significant change was noted in mean diameter of the dispersed oil droplets. However, the emulsion stored at the highest temperature did show a progressive decrease in the pH and zeta potential values, whereas the emulsion kept at the lowest temperatures did not. This indicates that at 37 degrees C, free fatty acids were formed from the castor oil, and consequently, the liberated free fatty acids were responsible for the reduction in the emulsion pH and zeta potential values. Thus, the injectable castor oil-based nano-sized emulsion could be useful for incorporating various active pharmaceutical ingredients that are in size from small molecular drugs to large macromolecules such as oligonucleotides.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry*
  10. Ibrahim WAW, Wahib SMA, Hermawan D, Sanagi MM
    Methods Mol Biol, 2019;1985:407-416.
    PMID: 31069749 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9438-0_24
    Particular attention has been paid to capillary electrophoresis as versatile and environmentally friendly approach for enantioseparations of a wide spectrum of compounds. Cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CD-MEKC) is a method of choice to provide effective separation toward hydrophobic and uncharged stereoisomers. The chiral discrimination of the solutes relies upon the partitioning between a given CD in the aqueous phase and micelles formed from a surfactant. Synergistic combinations of chiral selectors, surfactant, and modifier contribute to successful enantioseparations of the enantiomers. In this chapter, an application of CD-MEKC for the enantioseparation of selected imidazole drugs employing a dual CDs system is described.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry
  11. Ahmed A, Abdo A, Salim N
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2012;2012:410914.
    PMID: 22623895 DOI: 10.1100/2012/410914
    Many of the similarity-based virtual screening approaches assume that molecular fragments that are not related to the biological activity carry the same weight as the important ones. This was the reason that led to the use of Bayesian networks as an alternative to existing tools for similarity-based virtual screening. In our recent work, the retrieval performance of the Bayesian inference network (BIN) was observed to improve significantly when molecular fragments were reweighted using the relevance feedback information. In this paper, a set of active reference structures were used to reweight the fragments in the reference structure. In this approach, higher weights were assigned to those fragments that occur more frequently in the set of active reference structures while others were penalized. Simulated virtual screening experiments with MDL Drug Data Report datasets showed that the proposed approach significantly improved the retrieval effectiveness of ligand-based virtual screening, especially when the active molecules being sought had a high degree of structural heterogeneity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry
  12. Yellepeddi VK, Sheshala R, McMillan H, Gujral C, Jones D, Raghu Raj Singh T
    Drug Discov Today, 2015 Jul;20(7):884-9.
    PMID: 25668579 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.01.013
    Punctal plugs (PPs) are miniature medical implants that were initially developed for the treatment of dry eyes. Since their introduction in 1975, many PPs made from different materials and designs have been developed. PPs, albeit generally successful, suffer from drawbacks such as epiphora and suppurative canaliculitis. To overcome these issues intelligent designs of PPs were proposed (e.g. SmartPLUG™ and Form Fit™). PPs are also gaining interest among pharmaceutical scientists for sustaining drug delivery to the eye. This review aims to provide an overview of PPs for dry eye treatment and drug delivery to treat a range of ocular diseases. It also discusses current challenges in using PPs for ocular diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry
  13. Seraj F, Kanwal, Khan KM, Khan A, Ali M, Khalil R, et al.
    Mol Divers, 2021 Feb;25(1):143-157.
    PMID: 31965436 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-019-10032-x
    Novel ibuprofen derivatives 1-19 including ibuprofen hydrazide 1, and substituted thiourea derivatives 2-19 were synthesized and characterized by EI-MS, FAB-MS, HREI-MS, HRFAB-MS, 1H-, and 13C-NMR spectroscopic techniques. The synthetic molecules 1-19 were examined for their in vitro urease inhibition and were found to display a diversified degree of inhibitory potential in the range of IC50 = 2.96-178 μM as compared to the standard thiourea (IC50 = 21.32 ± 0.22 μM). Out of nineteen, thirteen derivatives 2-4, 6, 7, 9, 11-15, 17, and 18 demonstrated remarkable inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 2.96 ± 1.11 to 16.1 ± 1.07 μM, compound 5 exhibited moderate inhibition with IC50 value of 37.3 ± 0.41 μM, whereas, compounds 1, 8, and 10 demonstrated weak inhibition against urease enzyme. Almost all structural features are participating in the activity; however, limited structure-activity relationship was discussed on the basis of different structural features, i.e., different functional groups and their positions at aryl part. In addition, molecular docking study was performed in order to understand the ligands binding interactions with the active site of urease enzyme.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry*
  14. Aziz HA, Tan YT, Peh KK
    AAPS PharmSciTech, 2012 Mar;13(1):35-45.
    PMID: 22101965 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-011-9707-x
    Microencapsulation of water-soluble drugs using coacervation-phase separation method is very challenging, as these drugs partitioned into the aqueous polymeric solution, resulting in poor drug entrapment. For evaluating the effect of ovalbumin on the microencapsulation of drugs with different solubility, pseudoephedrine HCl, verapamil HCl, propranolol HCl, paracetamol, and curcuminoid were used. In addition, drug mixtures comprising of paracetamol and pseudoephedrine HCl were also studied. The morphology, encapsulation efficiency, particle size, and in vitro release profile were investigated. The results showed that the solubility of the drug determined the ratio of ovalbumin to be used for successful microencapsulation. The optimum ratios of drug, ovalbumin, and gelatin for water-soluble (pseudoephedrine HCl, verapamil HCl, and propranolol HCl), sparingly water-soluble (paracetamol), and water-insoluble (curcuminoid) drugs were found to be 1:1:2, 2:3:5, and 1:3:4. As for the drug mixture, the optimum ratio of drug, ovalbumin, and gelatin was 2:3:5. Encapsulated particles prepared at the optimum ratios showed high yield, drug loading, entrapment efficiency, and sustained release profiles. The solubility of drug affected the particle size of the encapsulated particle. Highly soluble drugs resulted in smaller particle size. In conclusion, addition of ovalbumin circumvented the partitioning effect, leading to the successful microencapsulation of water-soluble drugs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry*
  15. Ito T, Okada K, Leong KH, Hirai D, Hayashi Y, Kumada S, et al.
    Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo), 2019;67(3):271-276.
    PMID: 30828004 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00888
    The different states of water incorporated in wet granules were studied by a low-field benchtop 1H-NMR time-domain NMR (TD-NMR) instrument. Wet granules consisting different fillers [cornstarch (CS), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), and D-mannitol (MAN)] with different water contents were prepared using a high-speed granulator, and then their spin-spin relaxation time (T2) was measured using the NMR relaxation technique. The experimental T2 relaxation curves were analyzed by the two-component curve fitting, and then the individual T2 relaxation behaviors of solid and water in wet granules were identified. According to the observed T2 values, it was confirmed that the molecular mobility of water in CS and MCC granules was more restricted than that in the MAN granule. The state of water appeared to be associated with the drying efficiency and moisture absorption capacity of wet granules. Thus, it was confirmed that the state of water significantly affected the wet granulation process and the characteristics of the resultant granules. In the final phase of this study, the effects of binders on the molecular mobility of water in granulation fluids and wet granules were examined. The state of water in granulation fluids was substantially changed by changing the binders. The difference was still detected in wet granules prepared by addition of these fluids to the fillers. In conclusion, TD-NMR can offer valuable knowledge on wet granulation from the viewpoint of molecular mobility of water.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry*
  16. Megantara S, Rusdin A, Budiman A, Shamsuddin S, Mohtar N, Muchtaridi M
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2024;19:2889-2915.
    PMID: 38525012 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S447721
    Since the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic in late 2019, viral infections have become one of the top three causes of mortality worldwide. Immunization and the use of immunomodulatory drugs are effective ways to prevent and treat viral infections. However, the primary therapy for managing viral infections remains antiviral and antiretroviral medication. Unfortunately, these drugs are often limited by physicochemical constraints such as low target selectivity and poor aqueous solubility. Although several modifications have been made to enhance the physicochemical characteristics and efficacy of these drugs, there are few published studies that summarize and compare these modifications. Our review systematically synthesized and discussed antiviral drug modification reports from publications indexed in Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. We examined various approaches that were investigated to address physicochemical issues and increase activity, including liposomes, cocrystals, solid dispersions, salt modifications, and nanoparticle drug delivery systems. We were impressed by how well each strategy addressed physicochemical issues and improved antiviral activity. In conclusion, these modifications represent a promising way to improve the physicochemical characteristics, functionality, and effectiveness of antivirals in clinical therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry
  17. Abeer MM, Mohd Amin MC, Martin C
    J Pharm Pharmacol, 2014 Aug;66(8):1047-61.
    PMID: 24628270 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12234
    The field of pharmaceutical technology is expanding rapidly because of the increasing number of drug delivery options. Successful drug delivery is influenced by multiple factors, one of which is the appropriate identification of materials for research and engineering of new drug delivery systems. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is one such biopolymer that fulfils the criteria for consideration as a drug delivery material.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry
  18. Balan S, Hassali MA, Mak VSL
    Res Social Adm Pharm, 2017 May-Jun;13(3):653-655.
    PMID: 27493130 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2016.06.014
    The pediatric population is an enormously diverse segment of population varying both in size and age. The diversity caused pharmacists face various challenges primarily related to procuring, provision as well as use of drugs in this group of patients. Pediatric dose calculation is particularly a concern for pharmacists. Another challenge faced by pharmacists is unavailability of suitable formulations for pediatric use. This has also led many pharmacists to prepare extemporaneous liquid preparations, even though stability data on such preparations are scarce. Some extemporaneous preparations contain excipients which are potentially harmful in children. Besides that, inadequate labeling and drug information for pediatric drug use had not only challenged pharmacists in recommending and optimizing drug use in children, but also inadvertently caused many drugs used outside the approved terms of the product license (off-label use). Pharmacists are striving to stay connected to overcome the common and comparable challenges faced in their day to day duties and strive to maximize the safe and effective use of medicines for children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry
  19. Zainal-Abidin MH, Hayyan M, Ngoh GC, Wong WF, Looi CY
    J Control Release, 2019 12 28;316:168-195.
    PMID: 31669211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.09.019
    The applications of eutectic systems, including deep eutectic solvents (DESs), in diverse sectors have drawn significant interest from researchers, academicians, engineers, medical scientists, and pharmacists. Eutecticity increases drug dissolution, improves drug penetration, and acts as a synthesis route for drug carriers. To date, DESs have been extensively explored as potential drug delivery systems on account of their unique properties such as tunability and chemical and thermal stability. This review discusses two major topics: first, the application of eutectic mixtures (before and after the introduction of DES) in the field of drug delivery systems, and second, the most promising examples of DES pharmaceutical activity. It also considers future prospects in the medical and biotechnological fields. In addition to the application of DESs in drug delivery systems, they show greatly promising pharmaceutical activities, including anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-cancer activities. Eutecticity is a valid strategy for overcoming many obstacles inherently associated with either introducing new drugs or enhancing drug delivery systems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry
  20. Hwa KY, Karuppaiah P, Gowthaman NSK, Balakumar V, Shankar S, Lim HN
    Ultrason Sonochem, 2019 Nov;58:104649.
    PMID: 31450344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104649
    Hydroquinone (HQ), a phenolic compound is expansively used in many industrial applications and due to the utilization of HQ, water pollution tragedies frequently found by the improper handling and accidental outflows. When HQ is adsorbed directly through the skin that create toxic effects to human by affecting kidney, liver, lungs, and urinary tract and hence, a highly selective and sensitive technique is required for its quantification. Herein, we have developed the ultrasonic synthesis of copper oxide nanoflakes (CuO-NFs) using ultrasonic bath (20 kHz, 100 W) and successfully employed for the sensitive detection of the environmental hazardous pollutant HQ. The formed CuO-NFs were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), FT-IR spectroscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy and fabricated with the screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). The SEM images exhibited the uniform CuO-NFs with an average width of 85 nm. The linker-free CuO-NFs fabricated electrode showed the appropriate wide range of concentrations from 0.1 to 1400 µM and the limit of detection was found to be 10.4 nM towards HQ. The fabricated sensor having long term stability and sensitivity was successfully applied for the environmental and commercial real sample analysis and exhibited good recovery percentage, implying that the SPCE/CuO-NFs is an economically viable and benign robust scaffold for the determination of HQ.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry*
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