Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 73 in total

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  1. Noordin R, Osman E, Kalantari N, Anuar NS, Gorgani-Firouzjaee T, Sithithaworn P, et al.
    Acta Trop, 2022 Feb;226:106251.
    PMID: 34808116 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106251
    Strongyloides stercoralis is a parasite that causes strongyloidiasis worldwide. It may lead to a life-long infection in immunocompetent people and hyperinfection in immunosuppressed patients. A point-of-care (POC) rapid test is helpful for patient diagnosis in resource-limited settings and as a detection tool in elimination/control programs. Previously, we reported a rapid IgG4 dipstick test (Ss Rapid®) for Strongyloides suitable for a laboratory setting. A POC cassette format of the test, which is field-applicable, has since been developed. Here, we report on a laboratory-based evaluation of the Ss Rapid® cas sette test on 285 sera. We assessed the diagnostic sensitivity of the Ss Rapid® cas sette with 32 sera, comprising samples from larval and/or DNA positive individuals from three countries. Additionally, we also tested samples from 33 seropositive endemic areas residents. We evaluated the diagnostic specificity of the test using 220 samples, comprising sera from other infections (n = 101), allergy cases with high IgE antibodies (n = 4), and blood donors (n = 115). The test showed high diagnostic sensitivity (97%, 31/32), and all sera of the seropositive endemic residents were reactive. It also showed high diagnostic specificity (94.5%, 208/220), and all false-positive samples tested negative after sera adsorption using recombinant NIE-coated microsphere beads. Additionally, we showed that the test worked with spiked whole blood samples. The study results showed that the SsRapid® cas sette test merits further laboratory and field evaluations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Point-of-Care Systems
  2. Choi JR, Yong KW, Tang R, Gong Y, Wen T, Yang H, et al.
    Adv Healthc Mater, 2017 Jan;6(1).
    PMID: 27860384 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600920
    Paper-based devices have been broadly used for the point-of-care detection of dengue viral nucleic acids due to their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and readily observable colorimetric readout. However, their moderate sensitivity and functionality have limited their applications. Despite the above-mentioned advantages, paper substrates are lacking in their ability to control fluid flow, in contrast to the flow control enabled by polymer substrates (e.g., agarose) with readily tunable pore size and porosity. Herein, taking the benefits from both materials, the authors propose a strategy to create a hybrid substrate by incorporating agarose into the test strip to achieve flow control for optimal biomolecule interactions. As compared to the unmodified test strip, this strategy allows sensitive detection of targets with an approximately tenfold signal improvement. Additionally, the authors showcase the potential of functionality improvement by creating multiple test zones for semi-quantification of targets, suggesting that the number of visible test zones is directly proportional to the target concentration. The authors further demonstrate the potential of their proposed strategy for clinical assessment by applying it to their prototype sample-to-result test strip to sensitively and semi-quantitatively detect dengue viral RNA from the clinical blood samples. This proposed strategy holds significant promise for detecting various targets for diverse future applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Point-of-Care Systems*
  3. Z Mazlan M, A H Ismail M, Ali S, Salmuna ZN, Wan Muhd Shukeri WF, Omar M
    Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther, 2021;53(3):207-214.
    PMID: 34006044 DOI: 10.5114/ait.2021.104300
    INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of point-of-care (POC) procalcitonin (PCT) serial measurement in determining the antibiotic treatment duration in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred patients were randomly recruited and then further randomly divided into two groups of 50 patients each. The first group used the POC PCT test along with the standard sepsis parameter monitoring, while the second group had the standard monitoring only (C-reactive protein [CRP] level, total white count, temperature and tracheal aspirate culture). Serial PCT test results and CRP levels were monitored on days 1, 3, 7 and 9. The patients were followed up for 28-day mortality.

    RESULTS: Eighty-five patients completed the trial, of whom 43 were in the PCT group and 42 were in the control group. The PCT group had a significantly lower mean (SD) antibiotic treatment duration (10.28 [2.68] days) than the control group (11.52 [3.06]). The mean (SD) difference was -1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], -2.48 to 0.01; t-statistic [df] = -1.997 [83]; P = 0.049). The PCT group also had a higher number of antibiotic-free days alive during the 28 days after VAP onset than the control group (mean [SD], 10.79 [7.61] vs. 8.72 [6.41]). The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score was the sole factor for the decrease in duration after VAP onset (regression coefficient β [95% CI], -0.70 [-1.19 to -0.20]; P = 0.006).

    CONCLUSIONS: The POC procalcitonin test can reduce the antibiotic treatment duration in patients with VAP.

    Matched MeSH terms: Point-of-Care Systems
  4. Nurul Najian AB, Engku Nur Syafirah EA, Ismail N, Mohamed M, Yean CY
    Anal Chim Acta, 2016 Jan 15;903:142-8.
    PMID: 26709307 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.11.015
    In recent years extensive numbers of molecular diagnostic methods have been developed to meet the need of point-of-care devices. Efforts have been made towards producing rapid, simple and inexpensive DNA tests, especially in the diagnostics field. We report on the development of a label-based lateral flow dipstick for the rapid and simple detection of multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification (m-LAMP) amplicons. A label-based m-LAMP lateral flow dipstick assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of target DNA template and a LAMP internal control. This biosensor operates through a label based system, in which probe-hybridization and the additional incubation step are eliminated. We demonstrated this m-LAMP assay by detecting pathogenic Leptospira, which causes the re-emerging disease Leptospirosis. The lateral flow dipstick was developed to detect of three targets, the LAMP target amplicon, the LAMP internal control amplicon and a chromatography control. Three lines appeared on the dipstick, indicating positive results for all representative pathogenic Leptospira species, whereas two lines appeared, indicating negative results, for other bacterial species. The specificity of this biosensor assay was 100% when it was tested with 13 representative pathogenic Leptospira species, 2 intermediate Leptospira species, 1 non-pathogenic Leptospira species and 28 other bacteria species. This study found that this DNA biosensor was able to detect DNA at concentrations as low as 3.95 × 10(-1) genomic equivalent ml(-1). An integrated m-LAMP and label-based lateral flow dipstick was successfully developed, promising simple and rapid visual detection in clinical diagnostics and serving as a point-of-care device.
    Matched MeSH terms: Point-of-Care Systems
  5. Choi JR, Liu Z, Hu J, Tang R, Gong Y, Feng S, et al.
    Anal Chem, 2016 06 21;88(12):6254-64.
    PMID: 27012657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00195
    In nucleic acid testing (NAT), gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based lateral flow assays (LFAs) have received significant attention due to their cost-effectiveness, rapidity, and the ability to produce a simple colorimetric readout. However, the poor sensitivity of AuNP-based LFAs limits its widespread applications. Even though various efforts have been made to improve the assay sensitivity, most methods are inappropriate for integration into LFA for sample-to-answer NAT at the point-of-care (POC), usually due to the complicated fabrication processes or incompatible chemicals used. To address this, we propose a novel strategy of integrating a simple fluidic control strategy into LFA. The strategy involves incorporating a piece of paper-based shunt and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) barrier to the strip to achieve optimum fluidic delays for LFA signal enhancement, resulting in 10-fold signal enhancement over unmodified LFA. The phenomena of fluidic delay were also evaluated by mathematical simulation, through which we found the movement of fluid throughout the shunt and the tortuosity effects in the presence of PDMS barrier, which significantly affect the detection sensitivity. To demonstrate the potential of integrating this strategy into a LFA with sample-in-answer-out capability, we further applied this strategy into our prototype sample-to-answer LFA to sensitively detect the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in clinical blood samples. The proposed strategy offers great potential for highly sensitive detection of various targets for wide application in the near future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Point-of-Care Systems*
  6. Nanthasurasak P, See HH, Zhang M, Guijt RM, Breadmore MC
    Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 2019 03 18;58(12):3790-3794.
    PMID: 30614157 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812077
    An electrokinetic platform was developed for extracting small-molecule pharmaceuticals from a dried blood spot. Through the exclusion of liquid reagents and use of low field strength (6 V cm-1 ), the electroextraction of a drug from a dried blood spot, deposited on a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM), could be realised while in transit in the mail. In transit sample preparation provides a potential solution to in situ sample degradation and may accelerate the workflow upon arrival of a patient sample at the analytical facility. The electroextraction method was enabled through our discovery of the use of 15-20 μm thin PIMs as electrophoretic separation medium in absence of liquid reagents. Here, a PIM consisting of cellulose triacetate as polymer base, 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether as plasticizer and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide as carrier was used. The PIM, was packaged with two 12 V batteries to supply the separation voltage. A blood spot containing berberine chloride was deposited and dried before the applying the separation potential, allowing for the electroextraction while the packaged device was shipped in internal mail. Upon arrival in the analytical laboratory, the PIM was analysed using a fluorescence microscope with photon multiplier tube, quantifying the berberine extracted away from the sample matrix. This platform represents a new opportunity for processing clinical samples during transport to the laboratory, saving time and manual handling to accelerate the time to result.
    Matched MeSH terms: Point-of-Care Systems
  7. William T, Parameswaran U, Lee WK, Yeo TW, Anstey NM, Ralph AP
    BMC Infect Dis, 2015;15:32.
    PMID: 25636334 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-0758-6
    BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is generally well controlled in Malaysia, but remains an important problem in the nation's eastern states. In order to better understand factors contributing to high TB rates in the eastern state of Sabah, our aims were to describe characteristics of patients with TB at a large outpatient clinic, and determine the prevalence of HIV co-infection. Additionally, we sought to test sensitivity and specificity of the locally-available point-of-care HIV test kits.
    METHODS: We enrolled consenting adults with smear-positive pulmonary TB for a 2-year period at Luyang Clinic, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. Participants were questioned about ethnicity, smoking, prior TB, disease duration, symptoms and comorbidities. Chest radiographs were scored using a previously devised tool. HIV was tested after counselling using 2 point-of-care tests for each patient: the test routinely in use at the TB clinic (either Advanced Quality™ Rapid Anti-HIV 1&2, FACTS anti-HIV 1/2 RAPID or HIV (1 + 2) Antibody Colloidal Gold), and a comparator test (Abbott Determine™ HIV-1/2, Inverness Medical). Positive tests were confirmed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), particle agglutination and line immunoassay.
    RESULTS: 176 participants were enrolled; 59 (33.5%) were non-Malaysians and 104 (59.1%) were male. Smoking rates were high (81/104 males, 77.9%), most had cavitary disease (51/145, 64.8%), and 81/176 (46.0%) had haemoptysis. The median period of symptoms prior to treatment onset was 8 weeks. Diabetes was present in 12. People with diabetes or other comorbidities had less severe TB, suggesting different healthcare seeking behaviours in this group. All participants consented to HIV testing: three (1.7%) were positive according to Determine™ and EIA, but one of these tested negative on the point-of-care test available at the clinic (Advanced Quality™ Rapid Anti-HIV 1&2). The low number of positive tests and changes in locally-available test type meant that accurate estimates of sensitivity and specificity were not possible.
    CONCLUSION: Patients had advanced disease at diagnosis, long diagnostic delays, low HIV co-infection rates, high smoking rates among males, and migrants may be over-represented. These findings provide important insights to guide local TB control efforts. Caution is required in using some point-of-care HIV tests, and ongoing quality control measures are of major importance.
    Study site: Klinik Kesihatan Luyang (Tuberculosis Clinic), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia,
    Matched MeSH terms: Point-of-Care Systems
  8. Chong ZL, Sekaran SD, Soe HJ, Peramalah D, Rampal S, Ng CW
    BMC Infect Dis, 2020 Mar 12;20(1):210.
    PMID: 32164538 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-4911-5
    BACKGROUND: Dengue is an emerging infectious disease that infects up to 390 million people yearly. The growing demand of dengue diagnostics especially in low-resource settings gave rise to many rapid diagnostic tests (RDT). This study evaluated the accuracy and utility of ViroTrack Dengue Acute - a new biosensors-based dengue NS1 RDT, SD Bioline Dengue Duo NS1/IgM/IgG combo - a commercially available RDT, and SD Dengue NS1 Ag enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), for the diagnosis of acute dengue infection.

    METHODS: This prospective cross-sectional study consecutively recruited 494 patients with suspected dengue from a health clinic in Malaysia. Both RDTs were performed onsite. The evaluated ELISA and reference tests were performed in a virology laboratory. The reference tests comprised of a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and three ELISAs for the detection of dengue NS1 antigen, IgM and IgG antibodies, respectively. The diagnostic performance of evaluated tests was computed using STATA version 12.

    RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of ViroTrack were 62.3% (95%CI 55.6-68.7) and 95.0% (95%CI 91.7-97.3), versus 66.5% (95%CI 60.0-72.6) and 95.4% (95%CI 92.1-97.6) for SD NS1 ELISA, and 52.4% (95%CI 45.7-59.1) and 97.7% (95%CI 95.1-99.2) for NS1 component of SD Bioline, respectively. The combination of the latter with its IgM and IgG components were able to increase test sensitivity to 82.4% (95%CI 76.8-87.1) with corresponding decrease in specificity to 87.4% (95%CI 82.8-91.2). Although a positive test on any of the NS1 assays would increase the probability of dengue to above 90% in a patient, a negative result would only reduce this probability to 23.0-29.3%. In contrast, this probability of false negative diagnosis would be further reduced to 14.7% (95%CI 11.4-18.6) if SD Bioline NS1/IgM/IgG combo was negative.

    CONCLUSIONS: The performance of ViroTrack Dengue Acute was comparable to SD Dengue NS1 Ag ELISA. Addition of serology components to SD Bioline Dengue Duo significantly improved its sensitivity and reduced its false negative rate such that it missed the fewest dengue patients, making it a better point-of-care diagnostic tool. New RDT like ViroTrack Dengue Acute may be a potential alternative to existing RDT if its combination with serology components is proven better in future studies.

    Matched MeSH terms: Point-of-Care Systems
  9. Lai AKH, Noor Azhar AMB, Bustam AB, Tiong XT, Chan HC, Ahmad RB, et al.
    BMC Med Educ, 2020 Aug 12;20(1):263.
    PMID: 32787921 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02173-7
    BACKGROUND: Although gamification increases user engagement, its effectiveness in point-of-care ultrasonographic training has yet to be fully established. This study was conducted with the primary outcome of evaluating its effectiveness in point-of-care ultrasonographic training as compared to conventional approach.

    METHODS: Participants consisting of junior doctors were randomized into either the (1) gamified or the (2) conventional educational approach for ultrasonographic training.

    RESULTS: A total of 31 junior doctors participated in this study (16 participants in gamified arm, 15 in the conventional arm after one participant from the conventional arm dropped out due to work commitment). Two-way mixed ANOVA test showed that there was no statistically significant interaction between the types of educational approach and time of testing (pre-test, post-test, 2 months post-training) for both theoretical knowledge score and practical skills score, with F(2, 58) = 39.6, p point-of-care ultrasonographic training.

    Matched MeSH terms: Point-of-Care Systems*
  10. Wan Mohd Zin RM, Ahmad Kamil ZI, Tuan Soh TR, Embong M, Wan Mohamud WN
    BMC Res Notes, 2013 Dec 18;6:540.
    PMID: 24344903 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-540
    BACKGROUND: Measurement of HbA1c has been widely used for long-term monitoring and management of diabetes control. There is increasing use of point-of-care (POC) devices for measuring HbA1c where quicker results would allow immediate clinical management decisions to be made. Therefore, it is important to evaluate and compare the performance of such devices to the reference laboratory method.

    FINDINGS: A total of 274 venous blood was collected from normal healthy adults during the community screening programmes. The performance of POC devices, Afinion and Quo-test were compared to central laboratory HPLC method; Adams A1c HA 8160. Both POC devices showed good correlation to HA 8160 with r = 0.94 (p < 0.001) and r = 0.95 (p < 0.001) for Afinion and Quo-test respectively. The means difference were statistically higher between POC and HA 8160 with 0.23% (95% CI 0.19-0.26, p < 0.001) and 0.29% (95% CI 0.24-0.34, p < 0.001) for Afinion and Quo-test respectively.

    CONCLUSIONS: Both POC devices could be considered in health clinics for diabetes management but not to be used for the diagnostic purposes.

    Matched MeSH terms: Point-of-Care Systems/standards*
  11. Wicaksono DH, Syazwani IN, Ratnarathorn N, Sadir S, Shahir S, Ruckthong L, et al.
    Bioanalysis, 2019 May;11(9):855-873.
    PMID: 31084195 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0190
    Aim: Time-based microfluidic absorption sampling was proposed using cotton fiber-based device made in swab stick. The assay was optimized and compared with conventional pipetted drop sampling using the same device. Materials & methods: Reagents were integrated into cotton fiber device for assessing concentration of analytes by the colorimetric detection method through time-based absorption sampling microfluidic system. All assay parameters were first optimized using conventional pipette-based drop sampling. Results: The color intensity is linear in the relevant concentration range of the analytes. The LOD are 0.189 mM for glucose and 6.56 μM for nitrite, respectively. These values are better than conventional drop sampling. The fiber-containing swab itself functions as sampling, assay and calibration device. Conclusion: Microfluidic cotton fiber-based assay device was fabricated and can determine analyte concentration in artificial salivary samples, colorimetrically, by time-based absorption sampling without the need of complex equipments.
    Matched MeSH terms: Point-of-Care Systems*
  12. Chong ZL, Soe HJ, Ismail AA, Mahboob T, Chandramathi S, Sekaran SD
    Biosensors (Basel), 2021 Apr 22;11(5).
    PMID: 33921935 DOI: 10.3390/bios11050129
    Dengue is a major threat to public health globally. While point-of-care diagnosis of acute/recent dengue is available to reduce its mortality, a lack of rapid and accurate testing for the detection of previous dengue remains a hurdle in expanding dengue seroepidemiological surveys to inform its prevention, especially vaccination, to reduce dengue morbidity. This study evaluated ViroTrack Dengue Serostate, a biosensors-based semi-quantitative anti-dengue IgG (immunoglobulin G) immuno-magnetic agglutination assay for the diagnosis of previous and recent dengue in a single test. Blood samples were obtained from 484 healthy participants recruited randomly from two communities in Petaling district, Selangor, Malaysia. The reference tests were Panbio Dengue IgG indirect and capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, in-house hemagglutination inhibition assay, and focus reduction neutralization test. Dengue Serostate had a sensitivity and specificity of 91.1% (95%CI 87.8-93.8) and 91.1% (95%CI 83.8-95.8) for the diagnosis of previous dengue, and 90.2% (95%CI 76.9-97.3) and 93.2% (95%CI 90.5-95.4) for the diagnosis of recent dengue, respectively. Its positive predictive value of 97.5% (95%CI 95.3-98.8) would prevent most dengue-naïve individuals from being vaccinated. ViroTrack Dengue Serostate's good point-of-care diagnostic accuracy can ease the conduct of dengue serosurveys to inform dengue vaccination strategy and facilitate pre-vaccination screening to ensure safety.
    Matched MeSH terms: Point-of-Care Systems
  13. Gopinath SC, Tang TH, Citartan M, Chen Y, Lakshmipriya T
    Biosens Bioelectron, 2014 Jul 15;57:292-302.
    PMID: 24607580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.02.029
    Sensing applications can be used to report biomolecular interactions in order to elucidate the functions of molecules. The use of an analyte and a ligand is a common set-up in sensor development. For several decades, antibodies have been considered to be potential analytes or ligands for development of so-called "immunosensors." In an immunosensor, formation of the complex between antibody and antigen transduces the signal, which is measurable in various ways (e.g., both labeled and label-free based detection). Success of an immunosensor depends on various factors, including surface functionalization, antibody orientation, density of the antibody on the sensor platform, and configuration of the immunosensor. Careful optimization of these factors can generate clear-cut results for any immunosensor. Herein, current aspects, involved in the generated immunosensors, are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Point-of-Care Systems
  14. Hu J, Wang S, Wang L, Li F, Pingguan-Murphy B, Lu TJ, et al.
    Biosens Bioelectron, 2014 Apr 15;54:585-97.
    PMID: 24333570 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.10.075
    Advanced diagnostic technologies, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), have been widely used in well-equipped laboratories. However, they are not affordable or accessible in resource-limited settings due to the lack of basic infrastructure and/or trained operators. Paper-based diagnostic technologies are affordable, user-friendly, rapid, robust, and scalable for manufacturing, thus holding great potential to deliver point-of-care (POC) diagnostics to resource-limited settings. In this review, we present the working principles and reaction mechanism of paper-based diagnostics, including dipstick assays, lateral flow assays (LFAs), and microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs), as well as the selection of substrates and fabrication methods. Further, we report the advances in improving detection sensitivity, quantification readout, procedure simplification and multi-functionalization of paper-based diagnostics, and discuss the disadvantages of paper-based diagnostics. We envision that miniaturized and integrated paper-based diagnostic devices with the sample-in-answer-out capability will meet the diverse requirements for diagnosis and treatment monitoring at the POC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Point-of-Care Systems*
  15. Fathil MF, Md Arshad MK, Gopinath SC, Hashim U, Adzhri R, Ayub RM, et al.
    Biosens Bioelectron, 2015 Aug 15;70:209-20.
    PMID: 25841117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.03.037
    Acute myocardial infarction or myocardial infarction (MI) is a major health problem, due to diminished flow of blood to the heart, leads to higher rates of mortality and morbidity. Data from World Health Organization (WHO) accounted 30% of global death annually and expected more than 23 million die annually by 2030. This fatal effects trigger the need of appropriate biomarkers for early diagnosis, thus countermeasure can be taken. At the moment, the most specific markers for cardiac injury are cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) which have been considered as 'gold standard'. Due to higher specificity, determination of the level of cardiac troponins became a predominant indicator for MI. Several ways of diagnostics have been formulated, which include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, chemiluminescent, fluoro-immunoassays, electrical detections, surface plasmon resonance, and colorimetric protein assay. This review represents and elucidates the strategies, methods and detection levels involved in these diagnostics on cardiac superior biomarkers. The advancement, sensitivity, and limitations of each method are also discussed. In addition, it concludes with a discussion on the point-of care (POC) assay for a fast, accurate and ability of handling small sample measurement of cardiac biomarker.
    Matched MeSH terms: Point-of-Care Systems*
  16. Lim WY, Thevarajah TM, Goh BT, Khor SM
    Biosens Bioelectron, 2019 Mar 01;128:176-185.
    PMID: 30685097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.12.049
    The early detection of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) upon the onset of chest pain symptoms is crucial for patient survival. However, this detection is challenging, particularly without a persistent elevation of ST-segment reflected in an electrocardiogram or in blood tests. A majority of the available point-of-care testing devices allow accurate and rapid diagnosis of AMI. However, AMI diagnosis is reliable only at intermediate and later stages, with myocardial injury (> 6 h) and MI, based on the expression of specific cardiac biomarkers including troponin I or T (cTnI or cTnT), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and myoglobin. Diagnosis at the early myocardial ischemia stage is not possible. To overcome this limitation, a sensitive and rapid microfluidic paper-based device (µPAD) was developed for the simultaneous detection of multiple cardiac biomarkers for the early and late diagnosis of AMI. The glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB (GPBB) was detected during early (within first 4 h) ischemic myocardial injury. On the same µPAD platform, detection of prolonged elevation of levels of cTnT and CK-MB, which are only produced 6 h after the onset of chest pain in human serum, was possible. Sandwich immunoassay performed on the µPAD achieved reproducibility (RSD approximately 10% and intra-and inter-day precision (CV 10-20%, 99th percentile), as well as consistently stable test results for 28 days, with strong correlation (r2= 0.962), using the standard Siemens Centaur XPT Immunoassay system. The present findings indicate the potential of the µPAD platform as a point-of-care device for the early diagnosis and prognosis of AMI.
    Matched MeSH terms: Point-of-Care Systems
  17. Low KF, Zain ZM, Yean CY
    Biosens Bioelectron, 2017 Jan 15;87:256-263.
    PMID: 27567251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.08.064
    A novel enzyme/nanoparticle-based DNA biosensing platform with dual colorimetric/electrochemical approach has been developed for the sequence-specific detection of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of acute diarrheal disease in cholera. This assay platform exploits the use of shelf-stable and ready-to-use (shelf-ready) reagents to greatly simplify the bioanalysis procedures, allowing the assay platform to be more amenable to point-of-care applications. To assure maximum diagnosis reliability, an internal control (IC) capable of providing instant validation of results was incorporated into the assay. The microbial target, single-stranded DNA amplified with asymmetric PCR, was quantitatively detected via electrochemical stripping analysis of gold nanoparticle-loaded latex microspheres as a signal-amplified hybridization tag, while the incorporated IC was analyzed using a simplified horseradish peroxidase enzyme-based colorimetric scheme by simple visual observation of enzymatic color development. The platform showed excellent diagnostic sensitivity and specificity (100%) when challenged with 145 clinical isolate-spiked fecal specimens. The limits of detection were 0.5ng/ml of genomic DNA and 10 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml of bacterial cells with dynamic ranges of 0-100ng/ml (R(2)=0.992) and log10 (1-10(4) CFU/ml) (R(2)=0.9918), respectively. An accelerated stability test revealed that the assay reagents were stable at temperatures of 4-37°C, with an estimated ambient shelf life of 200 days. The versatility of the biosensing platform makes it easily adaptable for quantitative detection of other microbial pathogens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Point-of-Care Systems
  18. Lim HJ, Saha T, Tey BT, Tan WS, Ooi CW
    Biosens Bioelectron, 2020 Nov 15;168:112513.
    PMID: 32889395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112513
    Infectious diseases are the ever-present threats to public health and the global economy. Accurate and timely diagnosis is crucial to impede the progression of a disease and break the chain of transmission. Conventional diagnostic techniques are typically time-consuming and costly, making them inefficient for early diagnosis of infections and inconvenient for use at the point of care. Developments of sensitive, rapid, and affordable diagnostic methods are necessary to improve the clinical management of infectious diseases. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) systems have emerged as a robust biosensing platform due to their label-free mechanism, which allows the detection and quantification of a wide range of biomolecules. The high sensitivity and short detection time offered by QCM-based biosensors are attractive for the early detection of infections and the routine monitoring of disease progression. Herein, the strategies employed in QCM-based biosensors for the detection of infectious diseases are extensively reviewed, with a focus on prevalent diseases for which improved diagnostic techniques are in high demand. The challenges to the clinical application of QCM-based biosensors are highlighted, along with an outline of the future scope of research in QCM-based diagnostics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Point-of-Care Systems
  19. Warrener L, Slibinskas R, Chua KB, Nigatu W, Brown KE, Sasnauskas K, et al.
    Bull World Health Organ, 2011 Sep 01;89(9):675-82.
    PMID: 21897488 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.11.088427
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of a newly developed point-of-care test (POCT) for the detection of measles-specific IgM antibodies in serum and oral fluid specimens and to assess if measles virus nucleic acid could be recovered from used POCT strips.

    METHODS: The POCT was used to test 170 serum specimens collected through measles surveillance or vaccination programmes in Ethiopia, Malaysia and the Russian Federation: 69 were positive for measles immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies, 74 were positive for rubella IgM antibodies and 7 were positive for both. Also tested were 282 oral fluid specimens from the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) surveillance programme of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The Microimmune measles IgM capture enzyme immunoassay was the gold standard for comparison. A panel of 24 oral fluids was used to investigate if measles virus haemagglutinin (H) and nucleocapsid (N) genes could be amplified by polymerase chain reaction directly from used POCT strips.

    FINDINGS: With serum POCT showed a sensitivity and specificity of 90.8% (69/76) and 93.6% (88/94), respectively; with oral fluids, sensitivity and specificity were 90.0% (63/70) and 96.2% (200/208), respectively. Both H and N genes were reliably detected in POCT strips and the N genes could be sequenced for genotyping. Measles virus genes could be recovered from POCT strips after storage for 5 weeks at 20-25 °C.

    CONCLUSION: The POCT has the sensitivity and specificity required of a field-based test for measles diagnosis. However, its role in global measles control programmes requires further evaluation.

    Matched MeSH terms: Point-of-Care Systems/standards*
  20. Hussain A, Via G, Melniker L, Goffi A, Tavazzi G, Neri L, et al.
    Crit Care, 2020 12 24;24(1):702.
    PMID: 33357240 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03369-5
    COVID-19 has caused great devastation in the past year. Multi-organ point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) including lung ultrasound (LUS) and focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS) as a clinical adjunct has played a significant role in triaging, diagnosis and medical management of COVID-19 patients. The expert panel from 27 countries and 6 continents with considerable experience of direct application of PoCUS on COVID-19 patients presents evidence-based consensus using GRADE methodology for the quality of evidence and an expedited, modified-Delphi process for the strength of expert consensus. The use of ultrasound is suggested in many clinical situations related to respiratory, cardiovascular and thromboembolic aspects of COVID-19, comparing well with other imaging modalities. The limitations due to insufficient data are highlighted as opportunities for future research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Point-of-Care Systems/standards*
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