Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 360 in total

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  1. Whitton C, Ho JCY, Tay Z, Rebello SA, Lu Y, Ong CN, et al.
    Nutrients, 2017 Sep 25;9(10).
    PMID: 28946670 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101059
    The assessment of diets in multi-ethnic cosmopolitan settings is challenging. A semi-quantitative 163-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was developed for the adult Singapore population, and this study aimed to assess its reproducibility and relative validity against 24-h dietary recalls (24 h DR) and biomarkers. The FFQ was administered twice within a six-month interval in 161 adults (59 Chinese, 46 Malay, and 56 Indian). Fasting plasma, overnight urine, and 24 h DR were collected after one month and five months. Intra-class correlation coefficients between the two FFQ were above 0.70 for most foods and nutrients. The median correlation coefficient between energy-adjusted deattenuated FFQ and 24 h DR nutrient intakes was 0.40 for FFQ1 and 0.39 for FFQ2, highest for calcium and iron, and lowest for energy and carbohydrates. Significant associations were observed between urinary isoflavones and soy protein intake (r = 0.46), serum carotenoids and fruit and vegetable intake (r = 0.34), plasma eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA) and fish/seafood intake (r = 0.36), and plasma odd chain saturated fatty acids (SFA) and dairy fat intake (r = 0.25). Associations between plasma EPA + DHA and fish/seafood intake were consistent across ethnic groups (r = 0.28-0.49), while differences were observed for other associations. FFQ assessment of dietary intakes in modern cosmopolitan populations remains feasible for the purpose of ranking individuals' dietary exposures in epidemiological studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  2. Maiwall R, Sarin SK, Kumar S, Jain P, Kumar G, Bhadoria AS, et al.
    Liver Int, 2017 Oct;37(10):1497-1507.
    PMID: 28393476 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13443
    BACKGROUND AND AIM: There is limited data on predictors of acute kidney injury in acute on chronic liver failure. We developed a PIRO model (Predisposition, Injury, Response, Organ failure) for predicting acute kidney injury in a multicentric cohort of acute on chronic liver failure patients.

    PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data of 2360 patients from APASL-ACLF Research Consortium (AARC) was analysed. Multivariate logistic regression model (PIRO score) was developed from a derivation cohort (n=1363) which was validated in another prospective multicentric cohort of acute on chronic liver failure patients (n=997).

    RESULTS: Factors significant for P component were serum creatinine[(≥2 mg/dL)OR 4.52, 95% CI (3.67-5.30)], bilirubin [(<12 mg/dL,OR 1) vs (12-30 mg/dL,OR 1.45, 95% 1.1-2.63) vs (≥30 mg/dL,OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3-5.2)], serum potassium [(<3 mmol/LOR-1) vs (3-4.9 mmol/L,OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.05-1.97) vs (≥5 mmol/L,OR 4.34, 95% CI 1.67-11.3)] and blood urea (OR 3.73, 95% CI 2.5-5.5); for I component nephrotoxic medications (OR-9.86, 95% CI 3.2-30.8); for R component,Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome,(OR-2.14, 95% CI 1.4-3.3); for O component, Circulatory failure (OR-3.5, 95% CI 2.2-5.5). The PIRO score predicted acute kidney injury with C-index of 0.95 and 0.96 in the derivation and validation cohort. The increasing PIRO score was also associated with mortality (P

    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  3. Sharifah NA, Hayati AR, Meah F, al-Rashid Z
    Malays J Pathol, 1993 Jun;15(1):53-8.
    PMID: 8277791
    Our experience with 1,094 consecutive fine needle aspirations (FNAs) of the breast in 918 cases is presented. Correlation between the FNA cytology and subsequent histology of the lesions was available in 211 cases. FNA had a sensitivity rate of 87.3%, a specificity rate of 99.3% and a positive predictive value of 98.2%. A false negative diagnosis rate of 5.1% occurred. The overall diagnostic accuracy rate was 95.7%.
    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  4. Hassan Y, Aziz NA, Al-Jabi SW, Looi I, Zyoud SH
    J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther, 2010 Sep;15(3):274-81.
    PMID: 20624923 DOI: 10.1177/1074248410373751
    Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) have shown promising results in decreasing the incidence and the severity of ischemic stroke in populations at risk and in improving ischemic stroke outcomes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  5. Ho CC, Ngoo KS, Hamzaini AH, Rizal AM, Zulkifli MZ
    Clin Ter, 2014;165(2):75-81.
    PMID: 24770808 DOI: 10.7471/CT.2014.1680
    OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical utility of urinary bladder and prostate characteristics measured by ultrasound scan in predicting acute urinary retention (AUR) for men with bladder outlet obstruction with an underlying benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive men aged ≥50 years presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) or AUR were prospectively recruited in this cross-sectional study. International prostatic symptom score (IPSS) and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were recorded. High-resolution ultrasound was used to measure bladder detrusor thickness (DT, mm), prostatic volume (PV, cm3), intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP, mm), bladder wall thickness (BWT,mm), intravesical volume and bladder radius. The latter two parameters were used to estimate bladder weight (UEBW, g), assuming a spherical bladder.
    RESULTS: Among selected patients, thirty had AUR while 32 men presented with LUTS only. There were significant differences between those with and without AUR in their age (70.5 vs 66.0, p=0.017), IPSS (24.0 vs 18.5, p=0.009), serum PSA (6.18 vs 1.77, p=0.002), PV (56.7 vs 32.4, p=0.006), BWT (5.0 vs 4.4, p=0.034) and UEBW (39.1 vs 25.0, p=0.0003). Multivariate analysis revealed high IPSS and UEBW to be predictors for AUR. UEBW was the strongest predictor of AUR: area under ROC curve was 0.767, with sensitivity and specificity of 63.3% and 87.5%, respectively, at cut-off point of 35 g. The likelihood ratio for AUR was also best with UEBW≥35 g.
    CONCLUSIONS: Combined with IPSS, ultrasound determined bladder characteristic, particularly UEBW, is a useful tool in predicting AUR in men with BPH.
    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  6. Faizah MZ, Hamzaini AH, Kanaheswari Y, Dayang A AA, Zulfiqar MA
    Med J Malaysia, 2015 Oct;70(5):269-72.
    PMID: 26556113 MyJurnal
    OBJECTIVE: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound has become increasingly utilised as an alternative imaging modality for the diagnosis of vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) in paediatric patients. The study objective is to evaluate the efficacy of contrast enhanced Voiding Urosonography (ce-VUS) compared with fluoroscopic micturating cystourethrography (MCU) in the detection of VUR.
    METHODS: This prospective study was carried out between July 2011 and January 2013 on paediatric patients who underwent MCU. All consented patients would undergo ce- VUS prior to MCU. We documented the epidemiology details, the number of Kidney-Ureter (K-U) unit studied, baseline renal and bladder sonogram, as well as presence of VUR on ce-VUR. The technique for ce-VUS was standardized using normal saline to fill the bladder prior to administration of SonoVue® (2.5 ml) to assess the kidney-ureter (K-U) unit. Dedicated contrast detection software was used to discern the presence of microbubbles in the pelvicaliceal system (PCS). The findings were then compared with MCU.
    RESULTS: 27 paediatric patients were involved in the study [17 males (63%) and 10 females (37%)] involving 55 K-U units (one patient had a complete duplex system). MCU detected VUR in 10 K-U units while ce-VUS detected VUR in 8 out of the 10 K-U units. There were 2 false negative cases (both Grade 1) with ce-VUS. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of ce-VUS were 80%, 98%, 95%, 89% and 96%, respectively.
    CONCLUSION: ce-VUS is a sensitive and specific radiation-free alternative for the detection of VUR in the paediatric population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  7. Boo NY, Zuraidah AL, Lim NL, Zulfiqar MA
    J Trop Pediatr, 2000 Jun;46(3):172-5.
    PMID: 10893920
    A case-control study was carried out on 97 consecutive preterm (< 37 weeks) infants to determine predictors associated with failure of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Logistic regression analysis showed that only three risk factors were significantly associated with failed CPAP. These were: moderate or severe RDS (odds ratio: 5.9; 95 per cent confidence interval (CI): 2.2-16.0); septicemia during CPAP therapy (OR: 8.8; 95 per cent: CI 1.5-50.7); and pneumothorax during CPAP therapy (odds ratio: 6.9; 95 per cent: CI 1.1-41.7).
    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  8. Hasni H, Meah FA, Norlia A, Sharifah NA, Zulfiqar A
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Oct;59(4):486-94.
    PMID: 15779581
    The aim of the study was: to obtain the profile of patients (with regards to age and family history of breast cancer) with a palpable breast mass. To determine the validity of ultrasound in the assessment of the palpable breast mass by determining the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of ultrasound in distinguishing a malignant mass. To determine the most discriminating ultrasound characteristics for differentiating benign and malignant masses. Seventy patients who had fine needle aspiration cytology of a palpable breast mass were subjected to an ultrasound assessment of the mass. The ultrasound findings were classified as benign, indeterminate or malignant. These findings were then compared with either the cytology or histology results in cases that eventually had surgical excision. The age of the patients ranged from 15 to 66 years old The majority was in the third and fourth decades with an average age of 25 years. The 8 patients with a proven malignant breast mass were aged between 39 and 66 years old. They did not have any family history of breast cancer. Only 4 patients had a family history of breast carcinoma and all proved to have a benign breast lesion. Ultrasound had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 85.7%, positive predictive value of 50%, negative predictive value of 100% and accuracy of 87.5% for distinguishing a malignant mass. For benign masses: 93.7% had well-defined margins, 81.3% had homogenous internal echoes, 91.7% had depth-width ratio of less than 1.0 and 89% were compressible. For malignant masses: 87.5% had either ill-defined or irregular margins, 87.5% had inhomogenous internal echoes and mixed posterior echoes, and 100% were incompressible. The majority of patients with a palpable breast mass were aged below 40 years old. Most of the patients with a malignant breast mass were aged 40 years and older. Neither a positive nor a negative family history of breast cancer had any significance on outcome. Ultrasound had high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in distinguishing a malignant mass. The most discriminating benign ultrasound characteristic was compressibility. The most discriminating malignant ultrasound characteristic was ill-defined and irregular margins.
    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  9. Watihayati MS, Fatemeh H, Marini M, Atif AB, Zahiruddin WM, Sasongko TH, et al.
    Brain Dev, 2009 Jan;31(1):42-5.
    PMID: 18842367 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2008.08.012
    Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations in the SMN1 gene. The SMN2 gene is highly homologous to SMN1 and has been reported to be correlated with severity of the disease. The clinical presentation of SMA varies from severe to mild, with three clinical subtypes (type I, type II, and type III) that are assigned according to age of onset and severity of the disease. Here, we aim to investigate the potential association between the number of copies of SMN2 and the deletion in the NAIP gene with the clinical severity of SMA in patients of Malaysian origin. Forty-two SMA patients (14 of type I, 20 type II, and 8 type III) carrying deletions of the SMN1 gene were enrolled in this study. SMN2 copy number was determined by fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. Twenty-nine percent of type I patients carried one copy of SMN2, while the remaining 71% carried two copies. Among the type II and type III SMA patients, 29% of cases carried two copies of the gene, while 71% carried three or four copies of SMN2. Deletion analysis of NAIP showed that 50% of type I SMA patients had a homozygous deletion of exon 5 of this gene and that only 10% of type II SMA cases carried a homozygous deletion, while all type III patients carried intact copies of the NAIP gene. We conclude that there exists a close relationship between SMN2 copy number and SMA disease severity, suggesting that the determination of SMN2 copy number may be a good predictor of SMA disease type. Furthermore, NAIP gene deletion was found to be associated with SMA severity. In conclusion, combining the analysis of deletion of NAIP with the assessment of SMN2 copy number increases the value of this tool in predicting the severity of SMA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  10. Maran S, Lee YY, Xu S, Rajab NS, Hasan N, Syed Abdul Aziz SH, et al.
    World J Gastroenterol, 2013 Jun 21;19(23):3615-22.
    PMID: 23801863 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i23.3615
    To identify genes associated with gastric precancerous lesions in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-susceptible ethnic Malays.
    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  11. Che Alhadi S, Wan Zain WZ, Zahari Z, Md Hashim MN, Syed Abd Aziz SH, Zakaria Z, et al.
    Ann Coloproctol, 2020 Dec;36(6):409-414.
    PMID: 32972105 DOI: 10.3393/ac.2020.08.27
    PURPOSE: Guaiac fecal occult blood test (gFOBT) has been the standard for colorectal screening but it has low sensitivity and specificity. This study evaluated the use of fecal tumor M2-pyruvate kinase (M2-PK) for detection of colorectal cancer and to compare with the current surveillance tool; gFOBT in symptomatic adult subjects underwent colonoscopy.

    METHODS: Stool samples were collected prospectively from symptomatic adults who had elective colonoscopy from September 2014 to January 2016 and were analyzed with the ScheBo M2-PK Quick test and laboratory detection of fecal hemoglobin.

    RESULTS: The results were correlated to the colonoscopy findings and/or histopathology report. Eighty-five subjects (age of 56.8 ± 15.3 years [mean ± standard deviation]) were recruited with a total of 17 colorectal cancer (20.0%) and 10 colorectal adenoma patients (11.8%). The sensitivity of M2-PK test in colorectal cancer detection was higher than gFOBT (100% vs. 64.7%). M2-PK test had a lower specificity when compared to gFOBT (72.5% vs. 88.2%) in colorectal cancer detection. The positive and negative predictive values were 47.2% and 100% for M2-PK test and 57.9% and 90.9% for gFOBT.

    CONCLUSION: Fecal M2-PK Quick test has a high sensitivity for detection of colorectal cancer when compared to gFOBT, making it the potential choice for colorectal tumor screening biomarker in the future.

    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  12. Alarhabi AY, Mohamed MS, Ibrahim S, Hun TM, Musa KI, Yusof Z
    J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2009 Jan;11(1):17-21.
    PMID: 19125854 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2008.00061.x
    To determine whether pulse wave velocity (PWV) as a measure of arterial stiffness is a marker of coronary artery diseases (CAD), the authors did a cross-sectional study in 92 patients undergoing coronary angiography for suspected CAD. Arterial stiffness was assessed through recording PWV from the left carotid-right femoral arteries using an automated machine. The mean PWV was higher in patients with CAD than in those without CAD (11.13+/-0.91 vs 8.14+/-1.25 m/sec; P
    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  13. Yusof MI, Hassan E, Rahmat N, Yunus R
    Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2009 Apr 1;34(7):713-7.
    PMID: 19333105 DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31819b2159
    Pedicle involvement in spinal tuberculosis (TB), the prevertebral abscess formation, severity of vertebral body, and disc collapse were evaluated from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  14. Velaiutham S, Taib NA, Ng KL, Yoong BK, Yip CH
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2008 Jul-Sep;9(3):445-8.
    PMID: 18990019
    INTRODUCTION: CA15-3 is a well-known tumour marker for breast cancer. Currently it is not recommended for screening or diagnosis of breast cancer and its main application is in monitoring response to treatment in women with metastatic breast cancer. The aim of this study was to correlate serum CA15-3 at presentation with the stage of disease and overall survival in women with breast cancer in the University Malaya Medical Centre.

    METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 437 women who had CA15-3 levels determined at initial presentation of breast cancer to UMMC between Jan 1999 and Oct 2003.

    RESULTS: Of those patients who were adequately staged, CA15-3 was found to be elevated (defined as >51 U/ml) in 0% of Stage 1, 7.9% of Stage 2, 36.7% of Stage 3 and 68.6% of Stage 4 cases. In a subset of 331 patients with survival data, patients with normal CA15-3 had a 85% five year overall survival rate compared to 38% in their counterparts with elevation of the tumor marker. The level of elevation was also significantly related to survival; patients with values more than 200 U/ml exhibited only a 28% five year survival. The association of elevated CA15-3 at initial presentation with poor outcome was maintained over univariate and multivariate analyses.

    CONCLUSION: Estimation of CA15-3 at presentation of breast cancer is important as it is an independent prognostic indicator and may prompt the physician to investigate for metastases if elevated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  15. Jayaram G, Alhady SF, Yip CH
    Malays J Pathol, 1996 Dec;18(2):81-7.
    PMID: 10879227
    780 breast cytology samples obtained over a one year period at the Breast Clinic of the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur were reviewed. These included 745 fine needle aspirates (FNA's) and 35 nipple smears. The broad categories of cytodiagnoses were as follows: malignant: 95, suspicious or equivocal: 26, benign: 543, no proliferative lesion: 58 and inadequate: 58. The benign and malignant lesions were also subcategorized on cytological basis. The suspicious or equivocal lesions were subjected to biopsy and 17 of these proved to be malignant. 194 cases that were subjected to histological confirmation and 34 cases that were considered to be undisputably malignant (on the basis of clinical features, recurrences, metastases, etc.) were subjected to statistical analysis (total 228 cases). If the cytologically suspicious/equivocal category was considered as "test positive" the sensitivity of cytodiagnosis was 97.4% and the specificity 92%. The high degree of cytodiagnostic sensitivity and specificity make breast cytology a valuable adjunct in the evaluation of breast lesions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  16. Keong KM, Aziz I, Yin Wei CC
    J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2017 01 01;25(1):2309499016684431.
    PMID: 29185383 DOI: 10.1177/2309499016684431
    PURPOSE: This study aims to derive a formula to predict post-operative height increment in Lenke 1 and Lenke 2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients using preoperative radiological parameters.

    METHODS: This study involved 70 consecutive Lenke 1 and 2 AIS patients who underwent scoliosis correction with alternate-level pedicle screw instrumentation. Preoperative parameters that were measured included main thoracic (MT) Cobb angle, proximal thoracic (PT) Cobb angle, lumbar Cobb angle as well as thoracic kyphosis. Side-bending flexibility (SBF) and fulcrum-bending flexibility (FBF) were derived from the measurements. Preoperative height and post-operative height increment was measured by an independent observer using a standardized method.

    RESULTS: MT Cobb angle and FB Cobb angle were significant predictors ( p < 0.001) of height increment from multiple linear regression analysis ( R = 0.784, R2 = 0.615). PT Cobb angle, lumbar, SB Cobb angle, preoperative height and number of fused segment were not significant predictors for the height increment based on the multivariable analysis. Increase in post-operative height could be calculated by the formula: Increase in height (cm) = (0.09 × preoperative MT Cobb angle) - (0.04 x FB Cobb angle) - 0.5.

    CONCLUSION: The proposed formula of increase in height (cm) = (0.09 × preoperative MT Cobb angle) - (0.04 × FB Cobb angle) - 0.5 could predict post-operative height gain to within 5 mm accuracy in 51% of patients, within 10 mm in 70% and within 15 mm in 86% of patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  17. Yii MK
    Asian J Surg, 2003 Jul;26(3):149-53.
    PMID: 12925289 DOI: 10.1016/S1015-9584(09)60374-2
    Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repairs represent a significant workload in vascular surgery in Asia. This study aimed to audit AAA surgery and evaluate the application of the Portsmouth Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity (P-POSSUM) in an Asian vascular unit for standard of care. Eighty-five consecutive surgical patients with AAA from a prospective vascular database from July 1996 to December 2001 in Sarawak were available for analysis. Comparisons between predicted deaths by P-POSSUM and observed deaths in both urgency of surgery categories (elective, urgent, emergency ruptures) and risk range groups (0-5%, >5-15%, >15-50%, >50-100%) were made. No significant difference was found between the predicted and observed rates of death for elective, urgent and emergency AAA repairs. The observed mortality rates were 5%, 18% and 30%, respectively. The observed rates of death were also comparable to P-POSSUM predicted rates of death in the various risk range groups. The POSSUM score used with the P-POSSUM mortality equation is easy to use and applicable as a comparative vascular auditing tool in Asia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  18. Ramaiah SS, Mitchell P, Dowling R, Yan B
    J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 2014 Mar;23(3):399-407.
    PMID: 23601372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.03.012
    Evidence from recent randomized controlled studies comparing intra-arterial (IA) therapy with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator highlighted the mismatch between recanalization success and clinical outcomes in patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke. There is emerging interest in the impact of arterial collateralization, as determined by leptomeningeal anastomoses (LMAs), on the treatment outcomes of IA therapy. The system of LMA constitutes the secondary network of cerebral collateral circulation apart from the Circle of Willis. Both anatomic and angiographic studies confirmed significant interindividual variability in LMA. This review aims to outline the current understanding of arterial collateralization and its impact on outcomes after IA therapy for acute ischemic stroke, underpinning the possible role of arterial collateralization assessment as a selection tool for patients most likely to benefit from IA therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  19. Helvaci MR, Ozer C, Kaya H, Yalcin A
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jun;63(2):122-4.
    PMID: 18942297
    We tried to understand whether there are significant cut off values simply determining body mass index (BMI). The study was performed in Internal Medicine Polyclinics on consecutive check up patients aged between 15 and 70 years to see possible consequences of excess weight on health and to avoid debility induced weight loss in elders. Insulin using diabetics and patients with devastating illnesses were excluded to avoid their possible effects on weight. Cases were subdivided into three groups according to their body weights as under 65, between 65 and 85, and above 85 kg groups and prevalences of underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity were determined. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of body weights to determine BMI were calculated. The study included 954 cases (566 females). Sensitivity of 65 kg as a cut off value to detect normal weight was 61.0%, specificity 94.3%, positive predictive value 82.9%, and negative predictive value was 97.6%. Similarly, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 65 and 85 kg to detect overweight cases were 71.5%, 63.3%, 56.2%, and 77.1% respectively. So both values were statistically significant to detect normal weight, overweight and obese individuals (p = 0.000 for both). Although BMI is probably a more valuable parameter to show weight status, the cut off values of 65 and 85 kg, as an easier way, have significant places, too.
    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
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