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Viability, Acid and Bile Tolerance of Spray Dried Probiotic Bacteria and Some Commercial Probiotic Supplement Products Kept at Room Temperature

Dianawati D, Mishra V, Shah NP

J Food Sci, 2016 Jun;81(6):M1472-9.
PMID: 27145163 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13313

Production of probiotic food supplements that are shelf-stable at room temperature has been developed for consumer's convenience, but information on the stability in acid and bile environment is still scarce. Viability and acid and bile tolerance of microencapsulated Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus acidophilus and 4 commercial probiotic supplements were evaluated. Bifidobacterium and L. acidophilus were encapsulated with casein-based emulsion using spray drying. Water activity (aw ) of the microspheres containing Bifidobacterium or L. acidophilus (SD GM product) was adjusted to 0.07 followed by storage at 25 °C for 10 wk. Encapsulated Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus acidophilus and 4 commercial probiotic supplement products (AL, GH, RE, and BM) were tested. Since commercial probiotic products contained mixed bacteria, selective media MRS-LP (containing L-cysteine and Na-propionate) and MRS-clindamycin agar were used to grow Bifidobacterium spp. or L. acidophilus, respectively, and to inhibit the growth of other strains. The results showed that aw had a strong negative correlation with the viability of dehydrated probiotics of the 6 products. Viable counts of Bifidobacterium spp. and L. acidophilus of SD GM, AL, and GH were between 8.3 and 9.2 log CFU/g, whereas that of BM and RE were between 6.7 and 7.3 log CFU/g. Bifidobacterium in SD GM, in AL, and in GH products and L. acidophilus in SD GM, in AL, and in BM products demonstrated high tolerance to acid. Most of dehydrated probiotic bacteria were able to survive in bile environment except L. acidophilus in RE product. Exposure to gastric juice influenced bacterial survivability in subsequent bile environment.

Matched MeSH terms: Probiotics*
Viability and growth characteristics of Lactobacillus in soymilk supplemented with B-vitamins

Ewe JA, Wan-Abdullah WN, Liong MT

Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2010 Feb;61(1):87-107.
PMID: 19961357 DOI: 10.3109/09637480903334163

Ten strains of Lactobacillus were evaluated for their viability in soymilk. Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 314, L. acidophilus FTDC 8833, L. acidophilus FTDC 8633 and L. gasseri FTDC 8131 displayed higher viability in soymilk and were thus selected to be evaluated for viability and growth characteristics in soymilk supplemented with B-vitamins. Pour plate analyses showed that the supplementation of all B-vitamins studied promoted the growth of lactobacilli to a viable count exceeding 7 log CFU/ml. alpha-Galactosidase specific activity of lactobacilli as determined spectrophotometrically showed an increase upon supplementation of B-vitamins. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses revealed that this led to increased hydrolysis of soy oligosaccharides and subsequently higher utilization of simple sugars. Production of organic acids as determined via high-performance liquid chromatography also showed an increase, accompanied by a decrease in pH of soymilk. Additionally, the supplementation of B-vitamins also promoted the synthesis of riboflavin and folic acid by lactobacilli in soymilk. Our results indicated that B-vitamin-supplemented soymilk is a good proliferation medium for strains of lactobacilli.

Matched MeSH terms: Probiotics*
Viability and activity of bifidobacteria during refrigerated storage of yoghurt containing Mangifera pajang fibrous polysaccharides

Al-Sheraji SH, Ismail A, Manap MY, Mustafa S, Yusof RM

J Food Sci, 2012 Nov;77(11):M624-30.
PMID: 23106104 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02955.x

The viability and activity of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum G4, B. longum BB 536 and yoghurt cultures (Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus) were studied in yoghurt containing 0.75% Mangefira pajang fibrous polysaccharides (MPFP) and inulin. Growth of probiotic organisms, their proteolytic activities, the production of short chain fatty acids (lactic, acetic and propionic) and the pH of the yoghurt samples were determined during refrigerated storage at 4 °C for 28 d. B. pseudocatenulatum G4 and B. longum BB 536 showed better growth and activity in the presence of MPFP and inulin, which significantly increased the production of short chain fatty acids as well as the proteolytic activity of these organisms.

Matched MeSH terms: Probiotics
Fulltext Variable characteristics of bacteriocin-producing Streptococcus salivarius strains isolated from Malaysian subjects

Barbour A, Philip K

PLoS One, 2014;9(6):e100541.
PMID: 24941127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100541

Salivaricins are bacteriocins produced by Streptococcus salivarius, some strains of which can have significant probiotic effects. S. salivarius strains were isolated from Malaysian subjects showing variable antimicrobial activity, metabolic profile, antibiotic susceptibility and lantibiotic production.

Matched MeSH terms: Probiotics
Fulltext Valorizing cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) and capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) wastes: in vitro health-promoting activities

Liang JL, Yeow CC, Teo KC, Gnanaraj C, Chang YP

J Food Sci Technol, 2019 Oct;56(10):4696-4704.
PMID: 31686701 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03912-5

The capsicum seed core and cabbage outer leaves are common wastes generated in the vegetable processing industry. We explored the in vitro health-promoting activity of these waste products for valorization. Freeze-dried and pulverized cabbage wastes had a high bile acid binding capacity and the capsicum wastes inhibited glucose dialysis more effectively. Methanolic extracts prepared with conventional solvent extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction were analyzed to determine their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity, in vitro α-amylase inhibitory, in vitro lipase inhibitory, and prebiotic activity. Crude extracts of cabbage and capsicum wastes were screened using GC-MS analysis. The cabbage waste extracts showed high antioxidant activities but did not inhibit α-amylase. The capsicum waste extracts inhibited both lipase and α-amylase activities and supported the growth of the probiotic bacterium, Lactobacilli brevis. Volatile compounds of the vegetables consisted mainly of phenols and fatty acid esters. In all assays except the α-amylase inhibition assay, the extracts prepared with ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction showed higher activity than those prepared using the conventional method. The capsicum seed core and cabbage outer leaves are potential sources of phytochemicals and antioxidant fibers. Capsicum waste extract supported probiotic bacterial growth without a lag phase. These waste products may be processed into high-value functional ingredients.

Matched MeSH terms: Probiotics
Fulltext Vaginal microbiota and the potential of Lactobacillus derivatives in maintaining vaginal health

Chee WJY, Chew SY, Than LTL

Microb Cell Fact, 2020 Nov 07;19(1):203.
PMID: 33160356 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01464-4

Human vagina is colonised by a diverse array of microorganisms that make up the normal microbiota and mycobiota. Lactobacillus is the most frequently isolated microorganism from the healthy human vagina, this includes Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus iners, and Lactobacillus jensenii. These vaginal lactobacilli have been touted to prevent invasion of pathogens by keeping their population in check. However, the disruption of vaginal ecosystem contributes to the overgrowth of pathogens which causes complicated vaginal infections such as bacterial vaginosis (BV), sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Predisposing factors such as menses, pregnancy, sexual practice, uncontrolled usage of antibiotics, and vaginal douching can alter the microbial community. Therefore, the composition of vaginal microbiota serves an important role in determining vagina health. Owing to their Generally Recognised as Safe (GRAS) status, lactobacilli have been widely utilised as one of the alternatives besides conventional antimicrobial treatment against vaginal pathogens for the prevention of chronic vaginitis and the restoration of vaginal ecosystem. In addition, the effectiveness of Lactobacillus as prophylaxis has also been well-founded in long-term administration. This review aimed to highlight the beneficial effects of lactobacilli derivatives (i.e. surface-active molecules) with anti-biofilm, antioxidant, pathogen-inhibition, and immunomodulation activities in developing remedies for vaginal infections. We also discuss the current challenges in the implementation of the use of lactobacilli derivatives in promotion of human health. In the current review, we intend to provide insights for the development of lactobacilli derivatives as a complementary or alternative medicine to conventional probiotic therapy in vaginal health.

Matched MeSH terms: Probiotics/administration & dosage
Fulltext Use of probiotics in clinical practice with special reference to diarrheal diseases: A position statement of the Malaysian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Lee YY, Leow AH, Chai PF, Raja Ali RA, Lee WS, Goh KL

JGH Open, 2021 Jan;5(1):11-19.
PMID: 33490608 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12469

Probiotics comprise a large group of microorganisms, which have different properties and thus confer different benefits. The use of probiotics has shown promising results in the management of diarrheal diseases. While the availability of probiotic products has flourished in the marketplace, there is limited guidance on the selection of probiotics for clinical use. This position paper is aimed at informing clinicians about the proper selection criteria of probiotics based on current evidence on strain-specific efficacy and safety for the management of diarrheal diseases. Members of the working group discussed issues on probiotic use in clinical practice, which were then drafted into statements. Literature to support or refute the statements were gathered through a search of medical literature from 2011 to 2020. Recommendations were formulated based on the drafted statements and evidence gathered, revised as necessary, and finalized upon agreement of all members. Twelve statements and recommendations were developed covering the areas of quality control in the manufacturing of probiotics, criteria for selection of probiotics, and established evidence for use of probiotics in diarrheal diseases in adults and children. Recommendations for the use of specific probiotic strains in clinical practice were categorized as proven and probable efficacy based on strength of evidence. Robust evidence is available to support the use of probiotics for diarrheal diseases in clinical practice. Based on the results obtained, we strongly advocate the careful evaluation of products, including manufacturing practices, strain-specific evidence, and contraindications for at-risk populations when choosing probiotics for use in clinical practice.

Matched MeSH terms: Probiotics
Fulltext Universal oral vaccine for influenza infections

Yap, Wei Boon, Toong, Seng Tan, Sharifah Syed Hassan, Jeffrey Cheah

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2018;16(2):51-64.
MyJurnal

Each year, influenza A infections have caused tremendous death rate as high as 300,000-500,000 globally. Although
there are effective anti-influenza agents and vaccines, high mutational rate among influenza A viruses renders dramatic
decline in the effectiveness of anti-influenza agents or vaccines in certain individuals. The situation is further complicated
by limitations in influenza vaccine production, for instance, long production period, limited vaccine capacity and lack
of cross-protection against various influenza A virus strains. To solve these issues, development of universal influenza
vaccine based on conserved antigens such as non-stuctural protein 1 (NS1) has been endeavoured. NS1 protein is highly
conserved in all influenza A virus strains known by far, produced abundantly on infected cell surfaces and responsible for
maintaining virulence. Furthermore, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes that are active against NS1 were also reported to be able
to avoid shedding of influenza in hosts. To better inhibit influenza infections, oral immunization has long been proposed
due to feasibility of this method to be implemented and safer for recipients while able to target influenza A viruses from
the entry point. Lactobacillus has been vastly studied for its roles as bacterial carrier in oral vaccine development due
to its significant probiotic properties. For examples, stimulation of immune responses in oral and airway mucosal layers,
high colonization in oral and airway mucosal layers and great natural adjuvant effects. In this light, influenza universal
oral vaccine developed using NS1 dan Lactobacillus should be further studied in influenza oral vaccine design.

Matched MeSH terms: Probiotics
Understanding the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia

Ghorbani M, Rajandas H, Parimannan S, Stephen Joseph GB, Tew MM, Ramly SS, et al.

Psychiatr Genet, 2021 Apr 01;31(2):39-49.
PMID: 33252574 DOI: 10.1097/YPG.0000000000000270

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder with marked symptoms of hallucination, delusion, and impaired cognitive behaviors. Although multidimensional factors have been associated with the development of schizophrenia, the principal cause of the disorder remains debatable. Microbiome involvement in the etiology of schizophrenia has been widely researched due to the advancement in sequencing technologies. This review describes the contribution of the gut microbiome in the development of schizophrenia that is facilitated by the gut-brain axis. The gut microbiota is connected to the gut-brain axis via several pathways and mechanisms, that are discussed in this review. The role of the oral microbiota, probiotics and prebiotics in shaping the gut microbiota are also highlighted. Lastly, future perspectives for microbiome research in schizophrenia are addressed.

Matched MeSH terms: Probiotics/therapeutic use*
Traditional fermented foods as vehicle of non-dairy probiotics: Perspectives in South East Asia countries

Rodzi NARM, Lee LK

Food Res Int, 2021 12;150(Pt B):110814.
PMID: 34863504 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110814

Food fermentation is a food processing technology that utilizes the growth and metabolic activity of microorganisms for the stabilization and transformation of food materials. Notwithstanding, the technology has evolved beyond food preservation into a tool for creating desirable organoleptic, nutritional, and functional attributes in food products. This narrative review outlines a compilation of traditional fermented foods which available in the South East Asia (SEA) regions as a source vehicle for non-dairy probiotics. The nutritional values of traditional fermented foods are well-appreciated, especially in the resource-poor regions. The sensory and organoleptic preferences of traditional fermented foods as means of dietary routine variations were demonstrated. Furthermore, the evidence underlying its potent impacts on public health promotion and disease prevention is outlined. Lastly, the challenges and future prospects for the integration of traditional fermented foods practice are elucidated.

Matched MeSH terms: Probiotics*
The molecular mechanisms of probiotic strains in improving ageing bone and muscle of d-galactose-induced ageing rats

Hor YY, Ooi CH, Lew LC, Jaafar MH, Lau AS, Lee BK, et al.

J Appl Microbiol, 2021 Apr;130(4):1307-1322.
PMID: 32638482 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14776

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of Lactobacillus strains in improving ageing of the musculoskeletal system.
METHODS AND RESULTS: The anti-ageing mechanism of three probiotics strains Lactobacillus fermentum DR9, Lactobacillus paracasei OFS 0291 and L. helveticus OFS 1515 were evaluated on gastrocnemius muscle and tibia of d-galactose-induced ageing rats. Upon senescence induction, aged rats demonstrated reduced antioxidative genes CAT and SOD expression in both bone and muscle compared to the young rats (P

Matched MeSH terms: Probiotics/administration & dosage*
The metabolism and morphology mutation response of probiotic Bacillus coagulans for lead stress

Xing SC, Mi JD, Chen JY, Xiao L, Wu YB, Liang JB, et al.

Sci Total Environ, 2019 Nov 25;693:133490.
PMID: 31635006 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.296

Lead is among the most common toxic heavy metals and its contamination is of great public concern. Bacillus coagulans is the probiotic which can be considered as the lead absorption sorbent to apply in the lead contaminant water directly or indirectly. A better understanding of the lead resistance and tolerance mechanisms of B. coagulans would help further its development and utilization. Wild-type Bacillus coagulans strain R11 isolated from a lead mine, was acclimated to lead-containing culture media over 85 passages, producing two lead-adapted strains, and the two strains shown higher lead intracellular accumulation ability (38.56-fold and 19.36-fold) and reducing ability (6.94-fold and 7.44-fold) than that of wild type. Whole genome sequencing, genome resequencing, and comparative transcriptomics identified lead resistance and tolerance process significantly involved in these genes which regulated glutathione and sulfur metabolism, flagellar formation and metal ion transport pathways in the lead-adapted strains, elucidating the relationships among the mechanisms regulating lead deposition, deoxidation, and motility and the evolved tolerance to lead. In addition, the B. coagulans mutants tended to form flagellar and chemotaxis systems to avoid lead ions rather than export it, suggesting a new resistance strategy. Based on the present results, the optimum lead concentration in environment should be considered when employed B. coagulans as the lead sorbent, due to the bacteria growth ability decreased in high lead concentration and physiology morphology changed could reduce the lead removal effectiveness. The identified deoxidization and compound secretion genes and pathways in B. coagulans R11 also are potential genetic engineering candidates for synthesizing glutathione, cysteine, methionine, and selenocompounds.

Matched MeSH terms: Probiotics*
Fulltext The improvement of hypertension by probiotics: effects on cholesterol, diabetes, renin, and phytoestrogens

Lye HS, Kuan CY, Ewe JA, Fung WY, Liong MT

Int J Mol Sci, 2009 Sep;10(9):3755-75.
PMID: 19865517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10093755

Probiotics are live organisms that are primarily used to improve gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, constipation, lactose intolerance, and to inhibit the excessive proliferation of pathogenic intestinal bacteria. However, recent studies have suggested that probiotics could have beneficial effects beyond gastrointestinal health, as they were found to improve certain metabolic disorders such as hypertension. Hypertension is caused by various factors and the predominant causes include an increase in cholesterol levels, incidence of diabetes, inconsistent modulation of renin and imbalanced sexual hormones. This review discusses the antihypertensive roles of probiotics via the improvement and/or treatment of lipid profiles, modulation of insulin resistance and sensitivity, the modulation of renin levels and also the conversion of bioactive phytoestrogens as an alternative replacement of sexual hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.

Matched MeSH terms: Probiotics/therapeutic use*
Fulltext The health benefits of probiotics

Yap, Wei Boon, Rina Anak Sujang

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2014;12(2):41-44.
MyJurnal

There has been a significant increase in research on probiotics-associated health benefits in the last 20 years. Many studies carried out in vitro and clinically show that consumption of probiotics inhibits the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, the consumption of probiotics also enhances the host immune response and decreases the levels of carcinogenesis-inducing enzymes. These positive outcomes have led to the use of probiotics in prevention and treatment of infectious diseases like bacterial or antibiotic associated diarrhea, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases and colon cancer. This review summarises literature pertaining to mechanistic actions of probiotics in improving the well-being of hosts.

Matched MeSH terms: Probiotics
The effects of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplementation on blood parameters of renal function: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials

Firouzi S, Haghighatdoost F

Nutrition, 2018 02 06;51-52:104-113.
PMID: 29626749 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.01.007

OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have demonstrated promising results regarding possible improvements in renal function after prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplementation. The aim of this review was to demonstrate whether such supplementation will improve renal profile indexes including glomerular filtration rate (GFR), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), and urea.
METHOD: The meta-analysis included all studies that examined the effect of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplements on one or more renal function parameters and had a control group. We searched July 1967 through to March 2016 MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases.
RESULTS: Of 437 studies, 13 were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. GFR levels tended to be reduced; whereas creatinine levels increased in the intervention group compared with the placebo group, both in a non-significant manner. The pooled effect on BUN demonstrated a significant decline compared with the placebo group (MD, -1.72 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.93 to -0.51; P = 0.005). Urea significantly decreased after intervention (-0.46 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.60 to -0.32; P <0.0001). The UA levels significantly increased in the intervention group compared with the placebo group (12.28 µmol/L; 95% CI, 0.85-23.71; P = 0.035).
CONCLUSION: This study showed a significant increase in UA and a decrease in urea and BUN. The use of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplements among those with compromised renal function or those at risk for renal failure should be limited until large-scale, well-designed randomized controlled trials prove the safety and efficacy of these supplements in improving renal function.

Matched MeSH terms: Probiotics
The effects of combined probiotic ingestion and circuit training on muscular strength and power and cytokine responses in young males

Ibrahim NS, Muhamad AS, Ooi FK, Meor-Osman J, Chen CK

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 2018 Feb;43(2):180-186.
PMID: 29024599 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0464

To our knowledge, the efficacy of combined probiotic supplementation with circuit training has not been evaluated. Thus, we investigated the effects of probiotic supplementation combined with circuit training on isokinetic muscular strength and power and cytokine responses in young males. Forty-eight healthy sedentary young males were recruited and randomised into 4 separate groups: sedentary placebo control, probiotics (P), circuit training with placebo (CT), and circuit training with probiotics (CTP). Participants in the CT and CTP groups performed circuit training 3 times/week with 2 circuits of exercises from weeks 1-8 followed by 3 circuits of exercises from weeks 9-12. Participants in the P and CTP groups consumed multi-strain probiotics containing 3 × 1010 colony-forming units of Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. lactis, L. casei, Bifidobacterium longum, B. bifidum and B. infantis twice daily for 12 weeks. Measurements of body height and weight, blood pressure, resting heart rate, blood samples, and isokinetic muscular strength and power were carried out at pre- and post-tests. Isokinetic knee strength and power in CT and CTP groups were significantly higher (P < 0.05) at post-test. In addition, interleukin (IL)-10 concentration was significantly increased (P < 0.0001) at post-test in P and CT but a trend toward significant increase in CTP (P = 0.09). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in IL-6. This study suggests that 12 weeks of circuit training alone and the combination of circuit training and probiotic consumption improved muscular performance while circuit training alone and probiotics alone increased IL-10 concentration.

Matched MeSH terms: Probiotics/administration & dosage*
Fulltext The effect of synbiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 and Musa acuminata on Candida albicans biofilm formation

Nurul Alia Risma Rismayuddin, Munirah Mokhtar, Noratikah Othman, Ahmad Faisal Ismail, Mohd Hafiz Arzmi

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(108):37-37.
MyJurnal

Introduction:Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus that is associated with oral carcinogenesis. In addition, biofilm formation has been one of the important virulence factors of the yeast. Streptococcus salivarius K12 is an oral probiotic while Musa acuminata is a well-known prebiotic. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of S. salivarius K12 and M. acuminata skin aqueous extract (synbiotic) on C. albicans with the hypothesis that S. salivariusK12 and M. acuminata inhibit C. albicans biofilm formation. Methods: To develop mono-species biofilm, C. albicans(ATCC MYA-4901 and cancer isolates, ALC2 and ALC3 strains) and S. salivarius K12 were standardised to 105 cells and 106 cells, respectively and grown in 96-well plate in nutrient broth (NB) or RPMI at 37 °C for 72 h. Polymicro-bial biofilms were developed by inoculating both microorganisms in the same well with similar cell number as in mono-species. To determine the effect of synbiotic, similar protocol was repeated by mixing with 800 mg mL-1 of M. acuminata skin extract and incubated at 37 °C for 72 h. The medium was replenished at every 24 h, aseptically. Finally, the biofilms were assessed using crystal violet assay and the optical density was measured at OD620nm. Results:C. albicans strain MYA-4901 and ALC3, when grown in polymicrobial with S. salivarius K12 in NB that is predominated by yeast-form C. albicans, exhibited decreased biofilms by 71.40±11.7% and 49.40±3.9%, respec-tively when compared to the expected biofilms. Meanwhile in RPMI, which C. albicans strain ATCC MYA-4901, ALC2 and ALC3 were predominated by hyphal-form showed decreased biofilms by 72.0±26.7%, 53.4±14.4% and 65.7±6.7%, respectively when compared to the expected biofilms. Conclusion:S. salivarius K12 and M. acuminata skin extract synbiotic inhibit biofilm formation of C. albicans yeast and hyphal forms thus supported the hypothesis of the present study.

Matched MeSH terms: Probiotics
Fulltext The effect of Probiotic mouthrinse on plaque and gingival inflammation

Noordin, K., Kamin, S.

Ann Dent, 2007;14(1):19-25.
MyJurnal

This study evaluated the effect of a Probiotic mouthrinse containing nisin, a bacteriocin extracted from Lactococcus lactis on dental plaque and gingivitis in young adult population. A group of 32 subjects were randomly assigned into two groups of 16 each. The first group started using the control mouthrinse (placebo) for 2 weeks followed by a washout period of 4 weeks. This group then used the test mouthrinse (Probiotic) for a further duration of 2 weeks. The second group followed a similar protocol as the first except that this group started with the test mouthrinse (Probiotic). Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI) were recorded at baseline and after 2 weeks for each group. All subjects were given full mouth prophylaxis after each measurements. The results of this study showed that rinsing with Probiotic mouthrinse resulted in a statistically significant reduction of plaque accumulation and gingivitis compared to rinsing with placebo. The results indicated that Probiotic mouthrinse containing nisin had the potential of inhibiting plaque accumulation and was effective in reducing gingivitis.

Matched MeSH terms: Probiotics
The Roles of Adjuvant Supplements in Colorectal Cancer Patients on Chemotherapy - Reaping Benefits from Metabolic Crosstalk

Golkhalkhali B, Paliany AS, Chin KF, Rajandram R

Nutr Cancer, 2018 01 11;70(2):184-191.
PMID: 29324050 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1412470

The prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is on a steady rise over the years, with the World Health Organization (WHO) reporting CRC as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. While treatment modalities may differ in accordance to the staging and severity of the disease itself, chemotherapy is almost unavoidable in most cases. Though effective in its mode of action, chemotherapy is commonly associated with undesirable side effects that negatively affects the patient in terms of quality of life, and in some cases may actually interfere with their treatment regimens, thus escalating to poor prognosis. Gastrointestinal disturbances is a major side effect of chemotherapy and in CRC, gastrointestinal disturbances may be further aggravated and grave in nature mainly due to the affected site, being the gastrointestinal tract. The use of complementary therapies as adjuncts to alleviate the side effects of chemotherapy in CRC patients is gaining prominence with dietary supplements being the most commonly employed adjunct. Some of the frequently used dietary supplements for CRC patients are probiotics, omega-3 fatty acid and glutamine. The successful crosstalk between these dietary supplements with important metabolic pathways is crucial in the alleviation of chemotherapy side effects.

Matched MeSH terms: Probiotics/therapeutic use*
Fulltext The Prophylactic Effect of Probiotic Enterococcus lactis IW5 against Different Human Cancer Cells

Nami Y, Haghshenas B, Haghshenas M, Abdullah N, Yari Khosroushahi A

Front Microbiol, 2015;6:1317.
PMID: 26635778 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01317

Enterococcus lactis IW5 was obtained from human gut and the potential probiotic characteristics of this organism were then evaluated. Results showed that this strain was highly resistant to low pH and high bile salt and adhered strongly to Caco-2 human epithelial colorectal cell lines. The supernatant of E. lactis IW5 strongly inhibited the growth of several pathogenic bacteria and decreased the viability of different cancer cells, such as HeLa, MCF-7, AGS, HT-29, and Caco-2. Conversely, E. lactis IW5 did not inhibit the viability of normal FHs-74 cells. This strain did not generate toxic enzymes, including β-glucosidase, β-glucuronidase, and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase and was highly susceptible to ampicillin, gentamycin, penicillin, vancomycin, clindamycin, sulfamethoxazol, and chloramphenicol but resistant to erythromycin and tetracyclin. This study provided evidence for the effect of E. lactis IW5 on cancer cells. Therefore, E. lactis IW5, as a bioactive therapeutics, should be subjected to other relevant tests to verify the therapeutic suitability of this strain for clinical applications.

Matched MeSH terms: Probiotics

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