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  1. Fulltext Chemical contamination of green turtle (Chelonia mydas) eggs in peninsular Malaysia: implications for conservation and public health
    van de Merwe JP, Hodge M, Olszowy HA, Whittier JM, Ibrahim K, Lee SY
    Environ Health Perspect, 2009 Sep;117(9):1397-401.
    PMID: 19750104 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0900813
    Persistent organic pollutants (POPs)-such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)-and heavy metals have been reported in sea turtles at various stages of their life cycle. These chemicals can disrupt development and function of wildlife. Furthermore, in areas such as Peninsular Malaysia, where the human consumption of sea turtle eggs is prevalent, egg contamination may also have public health implications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Public Health*
  2. Fulltext Antibiotic resistance and plasmid profiling of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from cockles in Padang, Indonesia
    Zulkifli, Y., Alitheen, N.B., Raha, A.R., Yeap, S.K., Marlina, Son, R., et al.
    International Food Research Journal, 2009;16(1):53-58.
    MyJurnal
    Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the most widely recognized pathogenic Vibrio species due to numerous outbreaks and its’ wide occurrence in marine environment. In this study, 32 isolates of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from cockles were tested for sensitivity to 16 antibiotics and the presence of plasmids. All the isolates were multi-resistance, defined as resistant to atleast three different antibiotics with multiple antibiotic resistance indexes ranging from 0.31 to 0.69, indicating the isolates originate from high risk sources of contamination where antibiotics are often used. In the plasmid profiling test, only 15 isolates (47%) harbored plasmid DNA, which ranged in size from 2.7 to 56.2 kb, separating the isolates into 14 plasmid profiles. Hence, food contaminated with antibiotic resistant V. parahaemolyticus could be a major threat to public health due to the distinct possibility that they can be a significant reservoir of genes encoding antibiotic resistance determinants that can be transferred intra or interspecies. As in many developing countries, raw food hygiene and antimicrobial resistance epidemiology is still in the infancy stage in the locality of the study and thus our data provide a current baseline profile of antimicrobial resistance and plasmid of V. parahaemolyticusfrom cockles in Padang, Indonesia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Public Health
  3. Role of schools of public health on maternal and child health programmes in the Asia-Pacific region
    Zulkifli SN, Yun-Low W, Yusof K
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 1998;10(1):10-6.
    PMID: 10050201
    This paper assessed the role of public health schools on maternal and child health programmes in the Asia Pacific region. Economic development and its associated effects, particularly in the ASEAN countries, for example, migrant labour, ageing, environmental health, turbulence and social climate, has a tremendous impact on maternal and child health. Based on these current issues, it is evident that public health schools can play a major role in maternal and child health in terms of policy formulation and programme development. Several areas were proposed as to what schools of public health can do, namely, through networking, communication, research and training.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools, Public Health/organization & administration*
  4. Fulltext Knowledge of HIV/Aids and attitudes towards people living with HIV/Aids (PlWHA) among undergraduate students in University Malaysia Sabah
    Zulkhairul Naimbin Sidek Ahmad, Siti Fatimah Sa’at, Farrah Ilyanibinti Che Jamalludin, Mazlinda Musa
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(105):69-0.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Globally, HIV/AIDS has been a growing global threat and one of the major public health challenges. In Malaysia, the number of PLWH is continued to increase year by year. What is of alarming concern is that the prejudices related to HIV/AIDS still exist within the community. Stigma and discrimination towards people living with HIV have been widely documented. It has extended their impact into the workplace and this hinders HIV pre- vention efforts and indirectly affected the national developmentprocesses. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge of HIV/AIDS and the attitude of PLWHA among students in Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with convenience sampling techniques used. Data were collected among the 300 medical students and non-medical students. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed and comprise of; socio-de- mographic characteristics, items assessing knowledge of HIV/AIDS and attitudes towards PLWHA. Results: The majority of respondents were female (74%) who had never encountered PLWH (76%). The mean score of knowl- edge and attitudes were 4.04±1.12 and 27.18±4.0, respectively. Year 1 male students were found to have more comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS. They were also having a more positive attitude toward PLWH as compared to female students. Conclusion: Stigma and discrimination associated with HIV/AIDS are the most challenges issues- experienced by people suffering from the disease and it has been recognized. It is regarded as a serious threat to the fundamental rights of all infected people who are affected by or associated with this disease. This study highlights the need for better education programs on HIV/AIDS at the undergraduate level in order to increase knowledge of HIV/ AIDS andshape the positive attitude toward PLWH.
    Matched MeSH terms: Public Health
  5. Fulltext Influencing factors for cholera and diarrhoea: water sanitation and hygiene in impoverished rural villages of Beluran District, Sabah Malaysia
    Zin, Thant, SabaiAung, Tin, Sahipudin Saupin, Myint, Than, KhinSN, Daw, Aung, Meiji Soe, et al.
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2015;15(1):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    The lower percentage of water, sanitation and hygiene are the root causes of diarrhoea and cholera. Cholera is a sudden onset of acute watery diarrhoea which can progress to severe dehydration and death if untreated. The current pandemic, Vibrio Cholera O1 started in 1961. This study explores water, sanitation, hygiene and cholera and diarrhoea in three affected villages of Beluran District, Sabah Malaysia to support effective and timely public health intervention. This cross sectional study uses purposive sampling. All (114) households were interviewed and household water samples collected. The study reported lower coverage improved sanitation facilities (35.3% to 52.3%), no latrine at home (37% to 63%), improved water supply (52% to 60%), and prevalence of hand washing after toilet (57% - 74%). For water quality, Ecoli was present in household water (32% to 37%) but Vibrio cholerae was not isolated in any of the water samples tested. Statistically significant associations were found for; 1) occupation−nonagriculture and unimproved sanitation facility and 2) house ownership and correct knowledge of ORS preparation. Predictors for household water quality were: latrine at home, and improved household toilet. Aggressive strategies to improve water supply, sanitation and hygiene−hand washing after toilet−were recommended for future prevention of cholera and diarrhoea in the affected area.
    Matched MeSH terms: Public Health
  6. Fulltext Influencing factors for household water quality improvement in reducing diarrhoea in resource-limited areas
    Zin T, Mudin KD, Myint T, Naing DKS, Sein T, Shamsul BS
    WHO South East Asia J Public Health, 2013 Jan-Mar;2(1):6-11.
    PMID: 28612817 DOI: 10.4103/2224-3151.115828
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Water and sanitation are major public health issues exacerbated by rapid population growth, limited resources, disasters and environmental depletion. This study was undertaken to study the influencing factors for household water quality improvement for reducing diarrhoea in resource-limited areas.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected from articles and reviews from relevant randomized controlled trials, new articles, systematic reviews and meta-analyses from PubMed, World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and WELL Resource Centre For Water, Sanitation And Environmental Health.

    DISCUSSION: Water quality on diarrhoea prevention could be affected by contamination during storage, collection and even at point-of-use. Point-of-use water treatment (household-based) is the most cost-effective method for prevention of diarrhoea. Chemical disinfection, filtration, thermal disinfection, solar disinfection and flocculation and disinfection are five most promising household water treatment methodologies for resource-limited areas.

    CONCLUSION: Promoting household water treatment is most essential for preventing diarrhoeal disease. In addition, the water should be of acceptable taste, appropriate for emergency and non-emergency use.
    Matched MeSH terms: Public Health
  7. Fulltext A Review of Quercus infectoria (Olivier) Galls as a Resource for Anti-parasitic Agents: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
    Zin NNINM, Rahimi WNAWM, Bakar NA
    Malays J Med Sci, 2019 Nov;26(6):19-34.
    PMID: 31908584 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.6.3
    Parasitic diseases represent one of the causes for significant global economic, environmental and public health impacts. The efficacy of currently available anti-parasitic drugs has been threatened by the emergence of single drug- or multidrug-resistant parasite populations, vector threats and high cost of drug development. Therefore, the discovery of more potent anti-parasitic drugs coming from medicinal plants such as Quercus infectoria is seen as a major approach to tackle the problem. A systematic review was conducted to assess the efficacy of Q. infectoria in treating parasitic diseases both in vitro and in vivo due to the lack of such reviews on the anti-parasitic activities of this plant. This review consisted of intensive searches from three databases including PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus. Articles were selected throughout the years, limited to English language and fully documented. A total of 454 potential articles were identified, but only four articles were accepted to be evaluated based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Although there were insufficient pieces of evidence to account for the efficacy of Q. infectoria against the parasites, this plant appears to have anti-leishmanial, anti-blastocystis and anti-amoebic activities. More studies in vitro and in vivo are warranted to further validate the anti-parasitic efficacy of Q. infectoria.
    Matched MeSH terms: Public Health
  8. Fulltext Multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for diagnosis of Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya infections
    Zarina Mohd Zawawi, Tengku Rogayah Tengku Abdul Rashid, Amir Hussien Adiee, Murni Maya Sari, Ravindran Thayan
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(106):5-5.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are Arboviruses that are transmitted by the same vector, Aedes aegypti. Dengue has become a global problem since the Second World War and is common in more than 110 countries. In Malaysia, dengue is a major disease burden as total economic costs to the country as a result of dengue is close to RM1.05 billion in 2010 and estimated to rise to 1.3 billion by 2020. Apart from Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya are the other important mosquito borne diseases in Malaysia. The aim of this study was to develop a multiplex real-time assay for simultaneous detection of DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV in clinical specimens. Methods: The published singleplex protocols were used with key modifications to implement a triplex assay. A one-step multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay was developed that can simultaneously detect RNA of DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV with good performance for a routine diagnostic use. The assay was evaluated for inter- and intra-reproducibility by mean CT value. The diagnostic sensitivity was tested with 135 archived samples which had been defined positive or negative by routine singleplex assays. Whole blood, plasma and urines were used in this study. Results: Intra- and inter-reproducibility and sensitivity varied from 0.10% to 4.73% and from 0.45% to 5.98% for each virus respectively. The specificity of detection was 100%. The multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay showed concordance with test results performed by routine singleplex assays. No cross reaction was observed for any of the clinical samples. Conclusion: The development of a rapid, sensitive and specific molecular assay for DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV infections will produce a greater diagnostic capacity in our laboratory. This multiplex approach is cost effective and robust with the concurrent detection of 3 viruses of public health concern.
    Matched MeSH terms: Public Health
  9. Integrating the issues of world animal health and world public health into the veterinary curriculum: a Southeast Asian perspective
    Zamri-Saad M, Romziah S, Kunavongkrit A, Valdez CA, Thien M
    Rev. - Off. Int. Epizoot., 2009 Aug;28(2):719-25.
    PMID: 20128483
    The authors analysed the curricula of five veterinary schools in Southeast Asia to determine how successfully they integrate the issues of global animal health and global public health into their programmes. Two schools offer a five-year programme while the remaining three offer a six-year programme. The core courses within the curricula range from 145 to 224 credit hours, in total. In general, world animal health and world public health are well integrated into the veterinary curriculum. Most curricula allocate approximately 3% of their total credit hours to subjects associated with animal and public health, but other subjects that may contain discussions on these issues range between 6% and 10%. Most veterinary schools in Southeast Asia offer a Master's programme in Veterinary Public Health, with detailed emphasis on animal and public health but focusing principally on topics of local importance. At the same time, undergraduate and post-graduate veterinary students are exposed to current issues in animal and public health through regional and international scientific meetings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Public Health*; Education, Public Health Professional*
  10. Hearing health information in Malaysian public schools: a step towards addressing a public health concern
    Zakaria NA, Maamor N, Abdul Wahat NH
    Int J Audiol, 2021 12;60(12):1009-1015.
    PMID: 33752568 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2021.1896791
    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine hearing-related information in public school textbooks in Malaysia to gain insight into the country's hearing health education.

    DESIGN: Qualitative content analysis on all textbooks used in Malaysian public schools in the year 2019 were conducted to identify the content and structure of information delivery through 11 years of formal education. Information related to hearing health was extracted and categorised according to the themes that emerged. Further analysis was done to characterise the usefulness of the information in promoting active hearing care based on the type of information delivered.

    STUDY SAMPLE: A total of 148 elementary and secondary school textbooks were reviewed.

    RESULTS: Fourteen textbooks (4 elementary and 10 secondary levels) were found to have relevant hearing health information covering topics of sound, ear and hearing, noise and hearing loss. The contents were mostly theoretical and lacked information about noise-induced hearing loss and proper hearing care.

    CONCLUSION: Minimal hearing health information was present in the Malaysian school curriculum. The content was inadequate for teaching students about hearing loss prevention. Areas of improvement and research are recommended to improve school-based hearing health education in Malaysia.

    Matched MeSH terms: Public Health*
  11. Fulltext Behavioural factors influencing the dengue infection : the study among students in the higher learning institution.
    Zaiton Nasir, Illina Ishak, Osman Ali
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2001;1(1):39-43.
    MyJurnal
    Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic jiever are still a serious public health problem among people in developing countries. The study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice among students in University Technology of MARA in Shah Alam Selangor, Malaysia, and to determine its association withprevious infection. A total of 218 students were selected randomly fom several residential colleges within the university main campus. They were interviewed for their perception of risk to dengue and their blood were taken for serological examination (Dengue IgG). It was found that 49.1% of students have had previous infection, however onlv 0.9% had history of symptomatic dengue infection. Males students originating fom urban areas were more at risk of being infected. The perception of risk to dengue was good among students but this factor is
    unable to explain the magnitude of infection among them. Further study should look at the interaction between behaviour and environment among students who are sero negative.
    Matched MeSH terms: Public Health
  12. Fulltext Screening for Zoonotic Fascioliasis in Slaughtered Large Ruminants in Abattoirs in Perak, Malaysia
    Zainalabidin FA, Azmi MS, Bakri WN, Sathaya G, Ismail MI
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2015 Dec;26(2):121-4.
    PMID: 26868715 MyJurnal
    Fascioliasis, or trematode infestation, is an important disease caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. Both species are hepatic parasites that affect humans. We have examined the zoonotic aspects of fascioliasis. A total of 80 fresh liver samples were collected from 67 Kedah-Kelantan crossbred cattle and 13 Murrah buffalo at 4 local abattoirs in Perak, Malaysia. The samples were examined macroscopically to detect the presence of Fasciola spp. The results show 7.50% (6 of 80) of the animals were diagnosed with fascioliasis. Overall, 7.46% (5 of 67) and 7.69% (1 of 13) of cattle and buffalo samples were positive, respectively. There were only F. gigantica species identified in the samples. Our findings suggest that precautions should be taken because the disease has a zoonotic impact on public health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Public Health
  13. Fulltext Prevalence of Muscular Sarcosporidiosis in Slaughtered Domestic Pigs in Perak, Peninsular Malaysia
    Zainalabidin FA, Noorazmi MS, Bakri WN, Sathaya G, Ismail MI
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2017 Jan;28(1):161-166.
    PMID: 28228924 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2017.28.1.12
    Sarcosporidiosis is a disease caused by intracellular protozoan parasites, namely, Sarcocystis spp. In pigs, three species of Sarcocystis spp. have been recognised, including Sarcocystis meischeriana, Sarcocystis porcifelis and Sarcocystis suihominis. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of muscular sarcosporidiosis in pigs using the pepsin digestion technique. A total of 150 fresh heart, oesophagus and thigh muscle samples from 50 Yorkshire and Landrace pigs were collected from two local abattoirs in Perak from May to August 2014. All the fresh muscle samples were thoroughly examined for macrocyst-forming Sarcocystis spp. and processed using the peptic digestion technique to detect bradyzoites. The results from the muscle samples showed that 58% (29 out of 50) of the pigs were positive for Sarcocystis spp. These findings highlight the importance of implementing stringent measures for screening pigs in abattoirs for Sarcocystis spp. infection because this infection in pigs is a public health concern.
    Matched MeSH terms: Public Health
  14. Fulltext Use of simple scoring systems for a public health approach in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients
    Zain SM, Tan HL, Mohamed Z, Chan WK, Mahadeva S, Basu RC, et al.
    JGH Open, 2020 Dec;4(6):1155-1161.
    PMID: 33319051 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12414
    Background and Aim: Advanced fibrosis is the most important predictor of liver-related mortality in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of noninvasive scoring systems in identifying advanced fibrosis in a Malaysian NAFLD cohort and propose a simplified strategy for the management of NAFLD in a primary care setting.

    Methods: We enrolled and reviewed 122 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients. Advanced fibrosis was defined as fibrosis stages 3-4. Noninvasive assessments included aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio, AST-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), AST/ALT ratio, diabetes (BARD) score, fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score, and NAFLD fibrosis score.

    Results: FIB-4 score had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.86 and 94.3%, respectively, for the diagnosis of advanced fibrosis. FIB-4 score public health approach in the management of NAFLD.

    Matched MeSH terms: Public Health
  15. Fulltext Obesity intervention among community in Taman Impian Ehsan, Hulu Langat, Selangor
    Zailiza Suli, Nur Zawani Jalaluddin, Hazariah Abdul Halim
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(104):95-95.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Obesity is a major public health concern worldwide. The increasing prevalence of obesity in all ages can cause chronic illnesses, such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases. The Body Mass Index (BMI) is generally used to classify an adult population as underweight (BMI =25.0 kgm-2) or obese (BMI >=30.0 kgm-2). The normal BMI range lies between 18.5 and 24.99 kgm-2. Physical activity is an important component of lifestyle interventions for weight loss and the prevention of weight regain. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of physical activity in reducing the obesity among the selected participants in Taman Impian Ehsan, Hulu Langat. Methods: This study was a one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. The physical activity program took place three times a week for six months started from June to December 2018 which is a part of KOSPEN activity. Results: Thirty participants were recruited in the program. For pre- intervention study, 4 participants have normal body weight (BMI 18.5-24.99), 12 participants were overweight (BMI 26.0 to 30.0kgm-2) and 14 participants were obese (BMI > =30.0 kgm-2). Twenty six of participants were retained in the program while the rest quitted. Post-intervention study shows that seven participants have normal BMI, 10 partici-pants were still overweight and nine participants still categorized as obese. Post-intervention study showed that 17 participants managed to lose weight with minimum of 1.2 kg and maximum of 22.6 kg. The average reduction of the body weight was 5%. Conclusion: Physical activity is one of most feasible approach that can assist communities in developing healthy behaviours that promote weight loss and maintain ideal body weight.
    Matched MeSH terms: Public Health
  16. Challenges, alternatives, and paths to sustainability: better public health promotion using social networking pages as key tools
    Zaidan AA, Zaidan BB, Kadhem Z, Larbani M, Lakulu MB, Hashim M
    J Med Syst, 2015 Feb;39(2):7.
    PMID: 25631841 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-015-0201-y
    This paper discusses the possibility of promoting public health and implementing educational health services using Facebook. We discuss the challenges and strengths of using such a platform as a tool for public health care systems from two different perspectives, namely, the view of IT developers and that of physicians. We present a new way of evaluating user interactivity in health care systems from tools provided by Facebook that measure statistical traffic in the Internet. Findings show that Facebook is a very promising tool in promoting e-health services in Web 2.0. Results from statistical traffic show that a Facebook page is more efficient than other pages in promoting public health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Public Health
  17. Bringing new HIV infections to zero - opportunities and challenges offered by antiretroviral-based prevention in Asia, the Pacific and beyond: An overview of this special issue
    Zablotska IB, Whittaker B, de Wit J, Kamarulzaman A, Ananworanich J, Wright E, et al.
    Sex Health, 2014 Jul;11(2):97-100.
    PMID: 25017549 DOI: 10.1071/SH14071
    This editorial to the special issue of Sexual Health on antiretroviral-based prevention of HIV infection is dedicated to showcasing research and practice in this area. It aims to promote debate regarding the potential of new antiretroviral-based prevention approaches and the challenges encountered in moving prevention innovations into the community. This special issue covers the breadth of innovative HIV prevention research, including that undertaken in the fields of epidemiology, clinical research, social and behavioural science, public health and policy analysis, and with special emphasis on Asia and the Pacific region. Most importantly, it provides an indication of how the region is progressing towards embracing new prevention approaches to combat HIV epidemics across the region.
    Matched MeSH terms: Public Health
  18. Fulltext Determinants of overweight and obesity among undergraduate students residing in Universiti Putra Malaysia
    Zaahirah Mohammad, Norliza Ahmad, Halimatus Sakdiah Minhat
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(104):71-71.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Overweight and obesity among adults, especially young adults have been increasing for the past 20 years and is an emerging public health concern all over the world, including Malaysia. This study aims to explore the determinants of overweight and obesity among undergraduate students residing in Universiti Putra Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study using random sampling was conducted in three residential colleges. Independent variables include socio-demographic factors, knowledge on physical activity and dietary intake, lifestyle (physical activity, dietary intake, sleep duration and quality and smoking status) and stress. Data was collected using a vali-dated and reliable self-administered questionnaire and anthropometric measurement (weight and height were mea-sured to determine body mass index). IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23 was used for data analysis. Multiple logistic regression was employed to find the determinants of overweight and obesity among the respondents. Significant level was set at less than 0.05. Results: A total of 494 respondents participated with 98.8% response rate. Overweight and obesity prevalence among the respondents was 38.1% with 22.9% and 15.9% of the respondents were overweight and obese respectively. The significant associated factors were age group of 24 years and above (AOR=2.671, p=0.04), male (AOR=1.818, p=0.04), Malay ethnicity (AOR=5.34, p=0.008) and Indian ethnicity (AOR=7.155, p = 0.018). Conclusion: Overweight and obesity prevalence among undergraduate students were more than one third. Programmes and policies should be directed to these high-risk groups as identified in this study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Public Health
  19. Role of teleconsultation in moving the healthcare system forward
    Yusof K, Neoh KH, bin Hashim MA, Ibrahim I
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2002;14(1):29-34.
    PMID: 12597515
    The equitable access to quality healthcare by Malaysians has consistently been the primary objective of the Ministry of Health (MOH). The epidemiological transition to chronic illnesses, advances in medical technology, escalating healthcare costs and rising patient expectations has necessitated the strategic use of information systems in healthcare delivery. Malaysia has broken new ground by implementing a nationwide network to address inadequate access to healthcare, as well as to lower costs and achieve better health outcomes. Teleconsultation refers to the electronic transmission of medical information and services from one site to another using telecommunication technologies. This technology transforms the healthcare system by rapidly matching patient needs with the appropriate level of care however geographically remote they may be. Our findings suggest that even in these early stages of implementation, teleconsultation has led to cost savings, a more efficient allocation of resources, enhanced diagnostic options and better health outcomes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Public Health Administration
  20. Fulltext A vision of the environmental and occupational noise pollution in Malaysia
    Yuen FK
    Noise Health, 2014 Nov-Dec;16(73):427-36.
    PMID: 25387540 DOI: 10.4103/1463-1741.144429
    Environmental noise remains a complex and fragmented interplay between industrialization, population growth, technological developments, and the living environment. Next to the circulatory diseases and cancer, noise pollution has been cited as the third epidemic cause of psychological and physiological disorders internationally. A reliable and firm relationship between the cumulative health implications with the traffic annoyance and occupational noise has been established. This agenda has called for an integrated, coordinated, and participatory approach to the reliable protection of noise interference. Despite several fragmented policies, legislation and global efforts have been addressed; the noise pollution complaints have been traditionally neglected in developing countries, especially in Malaysia. This paper was undertaken to postulate an initial platform to address the dynamic pressures, gigantic challenges, and tremendous impacts of noise pollution scenario in Malaysia. The emphasis is speculated on the traffic interference and assessment of industrial and occupational noise. The fundamental importance of noise monitoring and modeling is proposed. Additionally, the confronting conservation program and control measure for noise pollution control are laconically elucidated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Public Health*
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