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  1. Fulltext Effects of antihypertensive drugs on alveolar bone loss in patients with chronic periodontitis: a retrospective study
    AL-Bayaty, F.H., Omar Emad Ibrahim, William, C., Khairuddin, N.A.
    Compendium of Oral Science, 2018;5(1):26-36.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: This retrospective study aims to evaluate the possible effects of antihypertensive drugs on alveolar bone loss in patients with chronic periodontitis. Methods: 50 patients on antihypertensive drugs selected as the experimental group and 50 patients with chronic periodontitis with no known systemic illnesses as control group were randomly selected as the study samples. Orthopantomographs were obtained, calibration and assessment of alveolar bone loss was performed by using the computer software program available in the faculty, through radiographic linear measurement procedure. Premolars, first and second molars of both maxilla and mandible were measured from the most apical point to the cementoenamel junction for mesial and distal aspects in the form of millimetres and percentile of the root length. Data was statistically analyzed using independent t-test and Analysis of Covariance in SPSS Version 23 with significance at P-value, p
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Panoramic
  2. Fulltext Reliability and limitations of permanent tooth staging techniques
    Abdul Rahim AH, Davies JA, Liversidge HM
    Forensic Sci Int, 2023 May;346:111654.
    PMID: 37011430 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111654
    Reliability, or repeatability, of permanent tooth staging techniques is usually expressed as Cohen's Kappa. This single value obscures information about the quantity and allocation of disagreements. In this study we assess and compare intra-observer reliability of permanent tooth staging techniques described by Nolla, Moorrees et al. and Demirjian et al. The sample was panoramic radiographs of healthy dental patients made up of 100 males and 100 females aged 6-15 years. All permanent teeth on the left side (excluding third molars) were scored twice. Weighted Kappa and percentage agreement were calculated. Results show Kappa values for all teeth combined as 0.918, 0.922 and 0.938 for Demirjian (number of teeth N = 2682), Nolla (N = 2698) and Moorrees (N = 2674) respectively. A comparison of Kappa values between upper and lower teeth showed marginally higher values for upper incisors and lower molar for all three scoring methods. Small differences in Kappa values were noted between tooth types with the upper first molar having smaller values than other teeth. Percentage agreement ranged from 81 % (Moorrees), 86 % (Nolla) to 87 % (Demirjian). Tooth stage differences between first and second assessments were not more than one stage. Our findings show that Demirjian scoring is marginally more reliable than Nolla or Moorrees. We suggest that (1) data for reliability are tabulated in full to show the quantity and allocation of disagreement between first and second readings, and (2) that the reliability sample is sufficiently large with a wide age range to include multiple different tooth stages.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Panoramic
  3. Fulltext The accuracy of demirjian method in dental age estimation of malay children
    Abu Asab S, Noor SN, Khamis MF
    Singapore Dent J, 2011;32(1):19-27.
    PMID: 23739283 DOI: 10.1016/S0377-5291(12)70012-3
    This study is aimed to evaluate the accuracy of Demirjian method in estimating the chronological age of male and female Kelantanese Malay children between 6 and 16 years of age and to establish a new dental age (DA) curve if the Demirjian method was not found to be accurate. About 905 panoramic radiographs of healthy Malay children between 6 and 16 years of age were collected from the radiographic unit in the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) and the orthodontic clinic in Hospital Kota Bharu (HKB). Children who had any disease affecting the dental development, or have agenesis in the lower arch and poor quality radiographic images were excluded. The results showed that Demirjian method overestimated the chronological age (CA) by 1.23 years for boys and 1.20 years for girls and it was less accurate for the Kelantanese Malay children. Thus new standard curve were produced and tested on external samples. Results showed that the mean difference between the chronological age and DA is about 0.17 years for boys and 0.11 years for girls. DA was more advanced in the Kelantanese Malay boys and girls as compared to French-Canadian children in all age groups. It is concluded that the Demirjian method tends to be less accurate in estimating the chronological age in Malay children. The new curve that was produced is more applicable to the Kelantanese Malay children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Panoramic*
  4. The correlation between crestal bone resorption and implant stability during healing period using resonance frequency analysis
    Al-Juboori MJ, AbdulRahaman SB, Hassan A
    Implant Dent, 2013 Aug;22(4):351-5.
    PMID: 23811720 DOI: 10.1097/ID.0b013e318296583d
    To detect the correlation between crestal bone resorption and implant stability during healing period using resonance frequency analysis (RFA).
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Panoramic/methods
  5. Anatomical considerations for implant placements in first maxillary molar extracted sites in East Asian patients
    Ananda GK, Nambiar P, Mutalik S, Shanmuhasuntharam P
    Surg Radiol Anat, 2015 Nov;37(9):1099-108.
    PMID: 25850735 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-015-1473-0
    With the advent of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for maxillofacial imaging, there has been a paradigm shift from two dimensional panoramic radiography to three dimensional imaging. This study investigated the microanatomy of the maxillary permanent first molar socket and its relationship to the floor of the maxillary sinus, especially for immediate or early implant placement.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Panoramic
  6. Comparison of the third molar maturity index (I3M) between left and right lower third molars to assess the age of majority: a multi-ethnic study sample
    Angelakopoulos N, Galić I, Balla SB, Kiş HC, Gómez Jiménez L, Zolotenkova G, et al.
    Int J Legal Med, 2021 Nov;135(6):2423-2436.
    PMID: 34228192 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02656-2
    The diagnostic accuracy of the I3M to assess the legal age of 18 years has already been tested in several specific-population samples. The left lower third molar has been extensively used for discriminating between minors and adults. This research aimed to compare the usefulness of lower third molar maturity indexes, from both left and right side (I3ML and I3MR), in samples originating from four distinct continents in order to examine possible differences in their accuracy values. For this purpose, a sample of 10,181 orthopantomograms (OPGs), from Europe, Africa, Asia and America, was analysed and previously scored in other studies. The samples included healthy subjects with no systemic disorders with both third molars and clear depicted root apices. Wilcoxon Signed Rank test for left and right asymmetry did not show any significant differences. Data about sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratio and accuracy were pooled together and showed similar results for I3ML and I3MR, respectively. In addition, all these quantities were high when only the I3MR was considered to discriminate between adults and minors. The present referable database was the first to pool third molar measurements using panoramic radiographs of subjects coming from different continents. The results highlighted that both I3ML and I3MR are reliable indicators for assessing the legal age of 18 years old in those jurisdictions where this legal threshold has been set as the age of majority.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Panoramic
  7. Third molar maturity index (I3M) assessment according to different geographical zones: a large multi-ethnic study sample
    Angelakopoulos N, De Luca S, Oliveira-Santos I, Ribeiro ILA, Bianchi I, Balla SB, et al.
    Int J Legal Med, 2023 Mar;137(2):403-425.
    PMID: 36520207 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02930-x
    Identification of living undocumented individuals highlights the need for accurate, precise, and reproducible age estimation methods, especially in those cases involving minors. However, when their country of origin is unknown, or it can be only roughly estimated, it is extremely difficult to apply assessment policies, procedures, and practices that are accurate and child-sensitive. The main aim of this research is to optimize the correct classification of adults and minors by establishing new cut-off values for four different continents (Africa, America, Asia, and Europe). For this purpose, a vast sample of 10,701 orthopantomographs (OPTs) from four continents was evaluated. For determination and subsequent validation of the new third molar maturity index (I3M) cut-off values by world regions, a cross-validation by holdout method was used and contingency tables (confusion matrices) were generated. The lower third molar maturity indexes, from both left and right side (I3ML and I3MR) and the combination of both sides (I3ML_I3MR) were calculated. The new cut-off values, that aim to differentiate between a minor and an adult, with more than 74.00% accuracy for all populations were as follows (I3ML; I3MR; I3ML_I3MR, respectively): Africa = (0.10; 0.10; 0.10), America = (0.10; 0.09; 0.09), Asia = (0.15; 0.17; 0.14), and Europe = (0.09; 0.09; 0.09). The higher sensitivity (Se) was detected for the I3ML for male African people (91%) and the higher specificity (Sp) of all the parameters (I3ML; I3MR; I3ML_I3MR) for Europeans both male and female (> 91%). The original cut-off value (0.08) is still useful, especially in discriminating individuals younger than 18 years old which is the goal of the forensic methods used for justice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Panoramic
  8. Fulltext Complex odontomas hindering eruption of maxillary permanent teeth: a radiological perspective
    Arora A, Donald PM
    BMJ Case Rep, 2016 Aug 04;2016.
    PMID: 27492356 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-216797
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Panoramic
  9. Reliability of panoramic-radiograph to determine the position of third-molar from inferior-alveolar-canal
    Azizah Ahmad Fauzi, Mohamed Ebrahim Parker, Norval E., Phrabhakaran N
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:59-65.
    Cone-beam-computed-tomography (CBCT) has been useful in providing insights of relevant anatomy prior to surgical
    procedures, including the assessment of the proximity of impacted mandibular-third-molar to the inferior-alveolar-canal
    (IAC). It is important to understand the reliability of conventional panoramic-radiograph in the assessment of this criterion
    since it is more commonly used as first line radiographic approach due to its availability and lower radiation dose. This
    study aimed to investigate the reliability of conventional panoramic-radiograph in the evaluation of the proximity of
    impacted mandibular-third-molar root tip to the IAC by correlating the results with CBCT. A total of 65 root tips of impacted
    mandibular-third-molars that had both panoramic radiographs and CBCT images were included in this retrospective study.
    Two trained observers participated in all image evaluations. A prepared standard 1 cm ruler was used to measure the
    proximity of the third-molar root apices to the IACs. Measurements recorded in this study were categorized into positive
    (root apex above a roof of IAC), zero (root apex was superimposed on IAC) and negative (root apex below a roof of IAC).
    Data analysis was carried out using student t-test. In this study, both observers recorded statistically significant differences
    in the measurement between third-molars root apices and the IAC from panoramic radiographs and CBCT images. The low
    reliability of panoramic radiograph to assess the vertical proximity between these two anatomical structures suggests
    the importance of additional assessment with CBCT in cases where panoramic radiograph shows superimposition of the
    third molar root on the roof of the canal and presence of root below the roof of the IAC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Panoramic
  10. Validation of Cameriere's third molar maturity index alone and in combination with apical maturity of permanent mandibular second molar for indicating legal age of 14 years in a sample of South Indian children
    Balla SB, Banda TR, Galic I, N NM, Naishadham PP
    Forensic Sci Int, 2019 Apr;297:243-248.
    PMID: 30844636 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.02.009
    The aims of the present study were to validate the discriminatory potential of Cameriere's third molar maturity index (I3M) cut-off value of I3M 
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Panoramic
  11. Modified method of dental age estimation of Malay juveniles
    Bunyarit SS, Jayaraman J, Naidu MK, Yuen Ying RP, Danaee M, Nambiar P
    Leg Med (Tokyo), 2017 09;28:45-53.
    PMID: 28772147 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2017.07.009
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Panoramic
  12. Fulltext Dental age estimation of growing children by measurement of open apices: A Malaysian formula
    Cugati N, Kumaresan R, Srinivasan B, Karthikeyan P
    J Forensic Dent Sci, 2015 Sep-Dec;7(3):227-31.
    PMID: 26816464 DOI: 10.4103/0975-1475.172445
    BACKGROUND: Age estimation is of prime importance in forensic science and clinical dentistry. Age estimation based on teeth development is one reliable approach. Many radiographic methods are proposed on the Western population for estimating dental age, and a similar assessment was found to be inadequate in Malaysian population. Hence, this study aims at formulating a regression model for dental age estimation in Malaysian children population using Cameriere's method.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Orthopantomographs of 421 Malaysian children aged between 5 and 16 years involving all the three ethnic origins were digitalized and analyzed using Cameriere's method of age estimation. The subjects' age was modeled as a function of the morphological variables, gender (g), ethnicity, sum of normalized open apices (s), number of tooth with completed root formation (N0) and the first-order interaction between s and N0.
    RESULTS: The variables that contributed significantly to the fit were included in the regression model, yielding the following formula: Age = 11.368-0.345g + 0.553No -1.096s - 0.380s.No, where g is a variable, 1 for males and 2 for females. The equation explained 87.1% of total deviance.
    CONCLUSION: The results obtained insist on reframing the original Cameriere's formula to suit the population of the nation specifically. Further studies are to be conducted to evaluate the applicability of this formula on a larger sample size.
    KEYWORDS: Age estimation; Cameriere's method; dental age; forensic odontology
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Panoramic
  13. Incidental radiographic finding of the concealed art of susuk
    Devang Divakar D, Mavinapalla S, Al Kheraif AA, Ramakrishnaiah R, Abd Rahim MF, Khan AA
    Med Sci Law, 2016 Jul;56(3):230-2.
    PMID: 26271077 DOI: 10.1177/0025802415599567
    Susuk, or charm needles, are small, metallic needles inserted under the skin, considered to enhance beauty, health and luck. This hidden secret of inserting susuk is a traditional superstitious ritual, widely practiced among women of Southeast Asia. Here, we present an interesting case of incidental radiographic finding of the concealed art of susuk, which was exposed on a panoramic radiograph taken on a routine basis as a part of diagnostic work up at our centre. An orthopantomogram revealed bilateral metallic foreign bodies in the maxillo-facial region. Anamnestic data affirmed the practice of the body art of susuk. The charm needles were present in the orofacial region without the patient experiencing any pathological signs or symptoms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Panoramic
  14. Orthopantomographic survey of edentulous patients of different age groups in Malaysia
    Dias AP, Jiffry MT
    Aust Dent J, 1988 Feb;33(1):23-6.
    PMID: 3165617
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Panoramic*
  15. Fulltext Implant Survival between Endo-osseous Dental Implants in Immediate Loading, Delayed Loading, and Basal Immediate Loading Dental Implants a 3-Year Follow-up
    Garg R, Mishra N, Alexander M, Gupta SK
    Ann Maxillofac Surg, 2017 Jul-Dec;7(2):237-244.
    PMID: 29264292 DOI: 10.4103/ams.ams_87_17
    Introduction: With introduction of the term "ossteointegration of dental implant" by Branemark, advancement in implantology from 1957 to 2017 has come a long way with modification in implant type and in loading time. This study aims to evaluate the survival of endo-osseous immediate loading (IL) implant and basal IL implants in atrophic jaws with objective to compare implant survival in atrophic jaws for full mouth rehabilitation between endo-osseous IL versus endo-osseous delayed loading (DL) versus basal IL during 3-year follow-up.

    Materials and Methods: Fifty-two (34 endo-osseous and 18 basal) implants were placed in 4 patients requiring full mouth rehabilitation in atrophic jaws. Case 1: Endo-osseous DL implants in upper and lower arch, Case 2: Endo-osseous IL implants in upper and lower arch, Case 3: Basal IL implant in upper and lower arch, and Case 4: Endo-osseous DL in upper arch and basal IL implant in the lower arch. Intraoperative evaluation was done on the basis of pain (visual analog scale [VAS]), operative time, and initial primary implant stability. Postoperative evaluation was done on pain (VAS), infection, radiographically successful implant (orthopantomogram), and patient satisfaction (Grade 0-10).

    Results: All cases showed satisfactory results but more amount of intra- and post-operative pain was felt with immediate basal implants.

    Conclusion: We believe that clinicians should comply with patient requests, and for this reason, we agree with some authors to use minimally invasive techniques and to avoid when possible esthetic or functional problems associated with the use of removable prosthesis after teeth extractions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Panoramic
  16. Effects of scanning parameters reduction in dental radiographs on image quality and diagnostic performance: A randomised controlled trial
    Ghazali L, Mohd Yusof MYP, Norman NH
    J Orthod, 2021 03;48(1):5-12.
    PMID: 33200660 DOI: 10.1177/1465312520971641
    OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of reducing scanning parameters of digital dental panoramic tomogram (DPT) and lateral cephalometric (LC) radiographs on quality and diagnostic performance of the images.

    DESIGN: Single-centre prospective two-arm parallel randomised controlled trial.

    SETTING: Orthodontic Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia.

    PARTICIPANTS: Adult orthodontic patients aged 18-35 years, indicated for DPT and LC, who were fit and healthy with a body mass index of 18.5-25.0, not contraindicated to radiographic examination, not pregnant, and did not have a history of facial or skeletal abnormalities or bone diseases were included.

    METHODS: Thirty-eight adult orthodontic patients were randomised into control and intervention groups. DPT and LC radiographs in the control group were obtained using standard scanning parameters as prescribed by the manufacturer using Orthopantomograph® OP300 by Instrumentarium. Scanning parameters in the intervention group were reduced by 60% for DPT (60 kV, 3.2 mA) and 30% for LC (85 kV, 8 mA). A five-point rating scale was used for the assessment of image quality. Images were evaluated for diagnostic performance by detection of anatomical landmarks. Mann-Whitney test was performed to compare the quality and diagnostic performance of the images and the observer agreement was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

    RESULTS: For image quality, the control group produced slightly lower median scores (DPT 2.0, LC 2.0) compared to the intervention group (DPT 2.0, LC 3.0). For diagnostic performance, both groups showed similar median scores (DPT 21.0, LC 32.0). The differences between control and intervention groups for both modalities were not statistically significant. The average scores for intra-observer agreement were excellent (ICC 0.917) and inter-observer agreement was good (ICC 0.822).

    CONCLUSION: Minimising radiation exposure by reducing scanning parameters on digital DPT by 60% and LC by 30% on Intsrumentarium 300 OP did not affect the quality and diagnostic performance of the images. Thus, scanning parameters on digital DPT and LC should be reduced when taking radiographs.

    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Panoramic
  17. Fulltext Transcervical approach to the removal of a deep-seated giant submandibular calculus and the submandibular gland
    Goh LC, Chitra BK, Shaariyah MM, Ng WS
    BMJ Case Rep, 2016 Oct 28;2016.
    PMID: 27793872 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-217514
    Sialolithiasis is among the most common disease affecting the major salivary glands whereby the submandibular gland or its duct is affected in the majority of cases. We report a case of the surgical removal of a giant sialolith along with the submandibular gland using the transcervical approach and its clinical outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Panoramic
  18. Fulltext Medical conditions associated with tooth loss among Saudi adults
    Hamasha, Abed Al-Hadi, Almogbel, Lolowh, Alshehri, Abeer, Alssafia, Fatimah, Alghamdi, Hanan, Alajmia, Alanoud, et al.
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2018;13(1):16-21.
    MyJurnal
    Upon reviewing the literature, the prevalence of many systemic conditions such as diabetes,
    hypertension, asthma and rheumatoid arthritis were reported to be high in Saudi Arabia. The relationship of these
    conditions with tooth loss among Saudi population was not investigated. Therefore, the aim of the present study
    is to explore the relationship between tooth loss and most common medical conditions among Saudi dental
    patient. The study participants were 250 patients who were randomly selected from the College of Dentistry
    database of King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
    Participants were requested to answer self-administered questionnaires related to their demographic as well as
    general health questions concerned to the presence of systemic medical conditions. Missing teeth were
    determined after examining the orthopantogram radiographs and reviewing the Romexis and SALUD databases.
    Descriptive statistics, independent t-test and linear multiple regression model were performed using SPSS
    software. The mean number of missing teeth among the study population was 5.8 teeth per person. The mean
    number of missing teeth was higher among subjects with diabetes, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis,
    cardiovascular diseases, or osteoporosis compared to healthy individuals. A multiple linear regression analysis
    model revealed that diabetes, hypertension and rheumatoid were significant predictors of missing teeth among
    Saudi population. These results highlight the importance of the effect of medical conditions on oral health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Panoramic
  19. Quantification of secondary dentin formation based on the analysis of MDCT scans and dental OPGs in a contemporary Malaysian population
    Hisham S, Abdullah N, Noor MHM, Franklin D
    Leg Med (Tokyo), 2019 02;36:59-66.
    PMID: 30415193 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2018.11.004
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Panoramic*
  20. Factors Associated with Apical Periodontitis: A Multilevel Analysis
    Hussein FE, Liew AK, Ramlee RA, Abdullah D, Chong BS
    J Endod, 2016 Oct;42(10):1441-5.
    PMID: 27552839 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.07.009
    INTRODUCTION: Ignoring the cluster effect is a common statistical oversight that is also observed in endodontic research. The aim of this study was to explore the use of multilevel modeling in investigating the effect of tooth-level and patient-level factors on apical periodontitis (AP).

    METHODS: A random sample of digital panoramic radiographs from the database of a dental hospital was evaluated. Two calibrated examiners (κ ≥ 0.89) assessed the technical quality of the root fillings and the radiographic periapical health status by using the periapical index. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out, followed by multilevel modeling by using tooth-level and patient-level predictors. Model fit information was obtained, and the findings of the best-fit model were reported.

    RESULTS: A total of 6409 teeth were included in the analysis. The predicted probability of a tooth having AP was 0.42%. There was a statistically significant variability between patients (P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Panoramic
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