MyMedR

Maher D. Fuad Fuad, Munn Sann, L., Normala Ibrahim, Phang, Cheng Kar, Siti Irma Ismail, Balsam Mahdi Nasir Al-Zurfi

Education in Medicine Journal, 2015;7(2):64-70.

MyJurnal

Students-t test is the most popular statistical test. The test compares two mean values to judge if they are different or not. For small data it is possible to conduct it using manual calculation – however that is not the case. Researchers would need to use statistical software and packages to conduct their analysis. This guide will help the junior researchers to conduct independent- and paired-t test using STATA software.

Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel

Fulltext p53: an overview of over two decades of study

Cheah PL, Looi LM

Malays J Pathol, 2001 Jun;23(1):9-16.

PMID: 16329542

p53 is the most commonly mutated gene in human cancers. It encodes a 53 kilodalton protein with several evolutionarily conserved domains viz sequence-specific DNA binding, tetramerisation, SH3 molecule binding, C-terminal and N-terminal. Existing in the cell at a very low level and in a relatively inactive form, p53 protein is increased and activated during periods of cellular stress. Unlike other proteins, the increase in protein level and its activation result from modification of the protein rather than genetic transcriptional or translational upregulation. Normally, Mdm2 protein interacts with p53 protein and effectively targets it for ubiquitin proteolysis within an autoregulatory feedback loop. Phosphorylation at the N-terminus reduces p53 interaction with Mdm2 with a resultant increase in p53 protein level. Modification at the C and N termini via phosphorylation or acetylation upregulates binding to specific DNA targets increasing transcription of these downstream genes. The net effect of p53 protein increase and activation lies in arrest of the cell in cycle which allows time for repair of the incurred damage or apoptosis or death of the cell. Failure of these normal protective and adaptive mechanisms caused by mutation of the p53 gene with product of an abnormal protein, loss of p53 protein through interaction with and degradation by HPV E6 protein or overexpressed Mdm2 etc. permits DNA-damaged cells to continue replicating. Left unchecked, this frequently contributes to tumourigenesis. Various methods have been devised to screen for mutations of the p53 gene, still the most common source of failed p53 mechanism. These include immunohistochemical detection of mutated proteins or identification of altered electrophoretic mobility of mutated p53 sequences. Sequencing of the gene nonetheless remains the most accurate method for determination of mutation. Major advances have been made in p53 research but the most meaningful probably lies in the promising results achieved in tumour therapy where introduction of wild type p53 gene has resulted in regression of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Many other notable developments in this field include description of p53 homologues, "gain of function" mutants, p53 polymorphisms, angiogenesis-inhibiting properties of wild type p53 protein etc.

Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research

[The weekly cycle of mortality among patients with COVID-19]

Teppone M

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med, 2021 Jan;29(1):14-24.

PMID: 33591650 DOI: 10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-1-14-24

The statistical data on mortality due to COVID-19 has been studied. The weekly cycle of mortality was established. Presumably, the decreased mortality on particular days of the week related to optimized treatment protocols applied on the «favorable days». If the factors reducing mortality on particular days of the week could be identified, their positive effect should be applied to other days of the week to decrease mortality among patients with COVID-19.

Matched MeSH terms: Research

[The estimation of the expectation of life in the case of truncation of the survivorship function at older ages: some considerations]

Lombardo E

Genus, 1983 Jan-Dec;39(1-4):167-73.

PMID: 12266118

"A tentative approximation of the expectation of life at 60-65 years, for populations with defective demographic statistics, is explored and expounded on the basis of a recent Horiuchi and [Coale] paper." The method is applied to data for El Salvador, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Peninsular Malaysia, and it is shown that the method can be used on actual data, although it requires some drastic rounding off. (summary in ENG, FRE)

Matched MeSH terms: Research*; Research Design

[The Medical Research Institute in Kuala Lumpur and its significance for tropical medicine in East Asia]

Bierdrager J

Ther Ggw, 1977 Oct;116(10):1950-64.

PMID: 918885

Matched MeSH terms: Research*

[Sanitary and environmental engineering: the importance of planning in regard to health needs]

Horwitz A

Bol Oficina Sanit Panam, 1986 Sep;101(3):193-207.

PMID: 2944521

Matched MeSH terms: Health Services Research*

[Population growth and mortality decline in Southeast Asia]

Kobayashi K

Tonan Ajia Kenkyu, 1982 Sep;20(2):143-67.

PMID: 12312334

Matched MeSH terms: Research

[ON SOME INDO-MALAYAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS ORTALIA MULS. (COLEOPTERS, COCCINELLIDAE)]

BIELAWSKI R

Bull Acad Pol Sci Biol, 1965;13:21-8.

PMID: 14298847

Matched MeSH terms: Research*

[Importance of twin research in preventive medicine and future perspective. Gene-environment interaction research in epigenetics era]

Hayakawa K

Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi, 2011 Jan;66(1):29-30.

PMID: 21358129

The importance of twin research in the field of preventive medicine is described from the viewpoint of gene-environment interaction. The recent advancements in twin research in Japan and other countries are the major topics in this paper. The historical background of the Japan Society for Twin Studies is described. The Center for Twin Research of Osaka University is also described as the first center of this kind in Japan. The advancement of epigenetic research is described as a new global trend of twin research, particularly in European countries. Other new trends in twin research in Asian countries, such as China, Indonesia, Russia, Iran, and Malaysia, are also described.

Matched MeSH terms: Research*

[Demographic measurements as indicators? Population development in Malaysia and Nigeria compared]

Corvinus F

Geogr Rundsch, 1984 Nov;36(11):575-81.

PMID: 12313492

Matched MeSH terms: Research; Research Design*

Zika Virus Infection: Current Concerns and Perspectives

Maharajan MK, Ranjan A, Chu JF, Foo WL, Chai ZX, Lau EY, et al.

Clin Rev Allergy Immunol, 2016 Dec;51(3):383-394.

PMID: 27236440

The Zika virus outbreaks highlight the growing importance need for a reliable, specific and rapid diagnostic device to detect Zika virus, as it is often recognized as a mild disease without being identified. Many Zika virus infection cases have been misdiagnosed or underreported because of the non-specific clinical presentation. The aim of this review was to provide a critical and comprehensive overview of the published peer-reviewed evidence related to clinical presentations, various diagnostic methods and modes of transmission of Zika virus infection, as well as potential therapeutic targets to combat microcephaly. Zika virus is mainly transmitted through bites from Aedes aegypti mosquito. It can also be transmitted through blood, perinatally and sexually. Pregnant women are advised to postpone or avoid travelling to areas where active Zika virus transmission is reported, as this infection is directly linked to foetal microcephaly. Due to the high prevalence of Guillain-Barre syndrome and microcephaly in the endemic area, it is vital to confirm the diagnosis of Zika virus. Zika virus infection had been declared as a public health emergency and of international concern by the World Health Organisation. Governments and agencies should play an important role in terms of investing time and resources to fundamentally understand this infection so that a vaccine can be developed besides raising awareness.

Matched MeSH terms: Research

Fulltext Zebrafish: A Versatile Animal Model for Fertility Research

Hoo JY, Kumari Y, Shaikh MF, Hue SM, Goh BH

Biomed Res Int, 2016;2016:9732780.

PMID: 27556045 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9732780

The utilization of zebrafish in biomedical research is very common in the research world nowadays. Today, it has emerged as a favored vertebrate organism for the research in science of reproduction. There is a significant growth in amount numbers of scientific literature pertaining to research discoveries in reproductive sciences in zebrafish. It has implied the importance of zebrafish in this particular field of research. In essence, the current available literature has covered from the very specific brain region or neurons of zebrafish, which are responsible for reproductive regulation, until the gonadal level of the animal. The discoveries and findings have proven that this small animal is sharing a very close/similar reproductive system with mammals. More interestingly, the behavioral characteristics and along with the establishment of animal courtship behavior categorization in zebrafish have laid an even stronger foundation and firmer reason on the suitability of zebrafish utilization in research of reproductive sciences. In view of the immense importance of this small animal for the development of reproductive sciences, this review aimed at compiling and describing the proximate close similarity of reproductive regulation on zebrafish and human along with factors contributing to the infertility, showing its versatility and its potential usage for fertility research.

Matched MeSH terms: Research

Fulltext ZIBMAP: Product for Tourists’ Wellness

Hassnah Wee, Nur Nadirah Abdul Wahab, Zamhariyah Ahmad Fudil

Jurnal Inovasi Malaysia, 2020;4(1):151-171.

MyJurnal

Tourists visiting destination in warm climate countries such as Malaysia might easily be affected with dehydration problem. Places like the Zoo requires tourist to walk intensively inside the Zoo area may cause dehydration if they do not consume enough plain water. This ZIBMAP innovative product intends to benefit the tourist wellness who visits the National Zoo, comes with an informative map and attractive infographic habitat, which can be kept as a souvenir. This innovative product is designed based on environmental-friendly features that support the implementation of environmental sustainability. A feasibility survey on dehydration risk awareness and the potential of the product acceptance for commercialization was carried out using a quantitative method. A convenience sampling technique was used to identify 300 tourists visiting the National Zoo as respondents for this survey. Descriptive analysis results indicated that majority of respondents aware of the dehydration risk and supported the used of the ZIBMAP innovative product. The outcome of the study highlighted the potential of this product to be commercialized and contribute to tourists’ wellness.

Matched MeSH terms: Research Design

Fulltext Youth perceptions toward managing elderly care among low-income household families using the My-Elderly-Care-Skills Module

Mokhzan NS, Sutan R, Yasin RM, Yamat H

Front Public Health, 2023;11:1042124.

PMID: 36844841 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1042124

BACKGROUND: Caregivers of elderly people need the right education and empowering skills to manage their own health needs and the elderly people they care for.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to explore youth perceptions of the My-Elderly-Care-Skills Module intervention and its perceived feasibility.

METHODS: This study involved youth respondents (18-30 years old) from low-income households who are accountable to providing care for independent older people (60 years or above) living in the same house. A qualitative study using a case study design was used to assess youth perceptions based on the content of the My-Elderly-Care-Skills module, by focusing on its implementation usage and usefulness for the care of the elderly. A total of 30 youths voluntarily participated in the online training workshop during the COVID-19 pandemic movement restriction order period. There were multiple sources of data, such as video recorded on reflection of care given at home, text messages in a WhatsApp group, and in-depth interviews during small group online meetings. Data were recorded and transcribed verbatim for common themes before a theme analysis was conducted. Inductive content analysis was performed after the saturation point was met.

RESULTS: Thematic analysis derived two domains of feasibility: operational and technical feasibility. There were three themes under operational practicality (improving awareness, addressing the caregiving skills needs, and seeking resources for knowledge) and three themes for technical practicality (easily used and informative, skill in effective communication, and program fulfillment).

CONCLUSION: It was verified that it is feasible for young caregivers of the elderly to participate in the My-Elderly-Care-Skills training intervention as it helps in improving knowledge and skills performance in managing and caring for the elderly.

Matched MeSH terms: Qualitative Research

Young scientists in Malaysia have made integrity training fun and relevant

Chau DM

Nature, 2020 11;587(7832):9.

PMID: 33144704 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-020-03082-x

Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel/education*; Research Personnel/ethics*; Ethics, Research/education*

Yield potential of spring wheat influenced by crop residue, tillage system and nitrogen rate on irrigated land

Asad Shah, Mohammad Akmal, Mohammad Jamal Khan, Mohammad Arif

Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:1811-1819.

Yield performance in wheat (Triticum aestivum) was compared under crop residue, tillage system and nitrogen rate treatments in cereal based cropping system. The experiments were conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, in 2009-2010 and 2010-2011. Chopped crop residue on dry matter basis (5 t ha1-) of legume (Vigna unguicuata, var. Ebney) and cereal (Zea mays, var. Azam) was applied in main plots with no residue treatments and plowed with Mould Board (MB) and Cultivator as deep and shallow treatments, respectively. A month after the crop residue and tillage system treatments, field was uniformly plowed with cultivator and wheat was sown with drill in rows 25 cm apart in the month of November on both years. Both P2O55 and K2O (80 and 40 kg ha , respectively) were applied uniformly to all fields before sowing. Nitrogen as subplot treatment (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1) was applied in two splits, half at 15 and the other half at 45 days after sowing with uniform cultural practices for crop growth and development. Compared to year 1, crop of year 2 showed better phenology with extended life cycle (LC). On two years average across tillage and N treatments, biological yield did not change (p<0.05) under the residue but did report lower at no-residue treatment. Nonetheless, grain yield showed a significant (p<0.05) change with the highest in legume followed by cereal and the lowest in no-residue treatments. A non-significant tiller number and significant variations in grain weight and spike m-2 were observed that influenced the grain and biological yield differently. Deep than shallow tillage resulted in better traits, which returned better biomass and grain yield. Nitrogen application from control to every increment showed a significant (p<0.05) improvement in all observations contributing in yield. The study confirms the significance of legume vs. cereal over no-crop residue incorporated through deep tillage system with optimum N (120 kg ha-1) in cereal-based cropping system for sustainable performance to sustain soil C:N for future production.

Matched MeSH terms: Research

Fulltext Yellow fever vaccination in Malaya by subcutaneous injection and multiple puncture. Haemagglutinin-inhibiting antibody responses in persons with and without pre-existing antibody

Gordon Smith CE, McMahon DA, Turner LH

Bull World Health Organ, 1963;29:75-80.

PMID: 14043754

In view of the risk of introduction of yellow fever into South-East Asia, comparative studies have been made of yellow fever vaccination in Malayan volunteers with a high prevalence of antibody to related viruses and in volunteers without related antibody. In a previous paper the neutralizing antibody responses of these volunteers were reported. The present paper describes the haemagglutinin-inhibiting (HI) antibody responses of the same groups of volunteers and discusses the relationship of these responses to the neutralizing antibody responses.The HI responses to yellow fever following vaccination closely paralleled the neutralizing antibody responses whether vaccination was subcutaneous or by multiple puncture. Volunteers with a high level of YF HI antibody due to infection with other group B viruses were found to be less likely to show a significant YF HI response than those without antibody. 90% of HI responses could be detected by the 21st day after vaccination.As with neutralizing antibody responses, volunteers given vaccine doses of 50-500 mouse intracerebral LD(50) subcutaneously gave greater responses than those given higher doses.

Matched MeSH terms: Research*

Yaws control in Netherlands New Guinea

HUGGINS DR

Med J Malaya, 1958 Jun;12(4):618-21.

PMID: 13577155

Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research*

Fulltext Writing the materials and methods

Ng KH, Peh WC

Singapore Med J, 2008 Nov;49(11):856-8; quiz 859.

PMID: 19037549

When writing scientific papers to share their research findings with their peers, it is not enough for researchers to just communicate the results of their study; it is equally important to explain the process by which they arrived at their results, so that the study can be replicated to validate the observations. The materials and methods section is used to describe the experimental design and provide sufficient details so that a competent colleague can repeat the experiment. A good materials and methods section will enable readers to evaluate the research performed and replicate the study, if necessary.

Matched MeSH terms: Research Design; Biomedical Research

Fulltext Writing the discussion

Ng KH, Peh WC

Singapore Med J, 2009 May;50(5):458-60; quiz 461.

PMID: 19495512

The discussion section comprises the last component in the IMRAD system. The purpose of this section is to provide the interpretation of the results obtained, explain the implications of the findings, state study limitations and make suggestions for future research. This is a critical part of the scientific paper, as it places the particular study within the broader context of how the research contributes to improving diagnosis, treatment or patient care.

Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research

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