Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 263 in total

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  1. Niekla S. Andiesta, Zeinab Abbas Hasan, Chooi Gait Toh
    MyJurnal
    Pain and anxiety management is of paramount importance in dentistry especially for child patients. The term “Medicated Oxygen” or “Magic Air” refers to a mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen gases that is commonly used for partial sedation in pediatric dental populations. The gas is colorless and virtually odorless with a faint, sweet smell. Nitrous oxide sedation is administered by inhalation, absorbed by diffusion through the lungs, and eliminated via respiration. In children, sedation may accelerate the delivery of dental treatment that requires patient serenity and may allow the patient to tolerate unpleasant procedures by reducing anxiety, discomfort, or pain.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration
  2. Che-Othman MH, Jacoby RP, Millar AH, Taylor NL
    New Phytol, 2020 02;225(3):1166-1180.
    PMID: 30688365 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15713
    Mitochondrial respiration and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity are required during salt stress in plants to provide ATP and reductants for adaptive processes such as ion exclusion, compatible solute synthesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification. However, there is a poor mechanistic understanding of how salinity affects mitochondrial metabolism, particularly respiratory substrate source. To determine the mechanism of respiratory changes under salt stress in wheat leaves, we conducted an integrated analysis of metabolite content, respiratory rate and targeted protein abundance measurements. Also, we investigated the direct effect of salt on mitochondrial enzyme activities. Salt-treated wheat leaves exhibit higher respiration rate and extensive metabolite changes. The activity of the TCA cycle enzymes pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex were shown to be directly salt-sensitive. Multiple lines of evidence showed that the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt was activated under salt treatment. During salt exposure, key metabolic enzymes required for the cyclic operation of the TCA cycle are physiochemically inhibited by salt. This inhibition is overcome by increased GABA shunt activity, which provides an alternative carbon source for mitochondria that bypasses salt-sensitive enzymes, to facilitate the increased respiration of wheat leaves.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Respiration/drug effects
  3. Chellappan DK, Hansbro PM, Dua K, Hsu A, Gupta G, Ng ZY, et al.
    Pharm Nanotechnol, 2017;5(4):250-254.
    PMID: 28786351 DOI: 10.2174/2211738505666170808094635
    BACKGROUND: Vesicular systems like nanotechnology and liposomes are gaining tremendous attention lately in the field of respiratory diseases. These formulations enhance bioavailability of the drug candidate, which could be achieved through a novel drug delivery mechanism. Moreover, the therapeutic potential achieved through these systems is highly controllable over long durations of time providing better efficacy and patient compliance.

    OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to review the recent literature on vesicular drug delivery systems containing curcumin.

    METHODS: We have collated and summarized various recent attempts made to develop different controlled release drug delivery systems containing curcumin which would be of great interest for herbal, formulation and biological scientists. There are several vesicular nanotechnological techniques involving curcumin which have been studied recently, targeting pulmonary diseases.

    RESULTS: Different vesicular systems containing curcumin are being studied for their therapeutic potential in different respiratory diseases. There has been a renewed interest in formulations containing curcumin recently, primarily owing to the broad spectrum therapeutic potential of this miracle substance. Various types of formulations, containing curcumin, targeting different bodily systems have recently emerged and, nevertheless, the search for newer frontiers with this drug goes on.

    CONCLUSION: This mini review, in this direction, tries to highlight the key research interventions employing vesicular systems of drug delivery with curcumin.

    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration Disorders/drug therapy*
  4. Chye JK, Lim CT
    Singapore Med J, 1999 Sep;40(9):565-70.
    PMID: 10628243
    To determine the survival rates and risk factors associated with mortality in premature very low birth weight or VLBW (< or = 1500 grams) infants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration, Artificial
  5. Kosugi Y, Takanashi S, Yokoyama N, Philip E, Kamakura M
    J Plant Res, 2012 Nov;125(6):735-48.
    PMID: 22644315 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-012-0495-5
    Vertical variation in leaf gas exchange characteristics of trees grown in a lowland dipterocarp forest in Peninsular Malaysia was investigated. Maximum net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and electron transport rate of leaves at the upper canopy, lower canopy, and forest floor were studied in situ with saturated condition photosynthetic photon flux density. The dark respiration rate of leaves at the various heights was also studied. Relationships among gas exchange characteristics, and also with nitrogen content per unit leaf area and leaf dry matter per area were clearly detected, forming general equations representing the vertical profile of several important parameters related to gas exchange. Numerical analysis revealed that the vertical distribution of gas exchange parameters was well determined showing both larger carbon gain for the whole canopy and at the same time positive carbon gain for the leaves of the lowest layer. For correct estimation of gas exchange at both leaf and canopy scales using multi-layer models, it is essential to consider the vertical distribution of gas exchange parameters with proper scaling coefficients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Respiration
  6. Che' Man AB, Lim HH
    Singapore Med J, 1983 Jun;24(3):135-9.
    PMID: 6635675
    A study was carried out to determine ventilatory capacity (Forced Expiratory Volume or FEV1 and Forced Vital Capacity or FVC) in apparently normal Malay office workers in Malaysia. The subjects, 78 males and 113 females, were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire to exclude those with symptoms or past history of cardiopulmonary disease. Measurements of age, height, weight, FEV, and FVC were made on each subject; the FEV, and FVC were measured using Vitalograph spirometers. The mean FEV, and FVC for males were 3.35 litres and 3.76 Iitres, respectively. For females, the mean FEV, and FVC were 3.46 and 2.72 Iitres, respectively. Height was positively correlated with FEV, and FVC (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration*
  7. Nur Azfahani Ahmad, Zuraihana Ahmad Zawawi, Nazhatulzalkis Jamaludin, Khairulliza Ahmad Salleh
    Jurnal Inovasi Malaysia, 2019;2(2):55-70.
    MyJurnal
    A 1984 World Health Organization (WHO) Committee report highlighted that up to 30 per cent of buildings may have to face problems related to Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). Insufficient ventilation will lead to stagnant air and can cause stuffiness in buildings. This will then leads to a bigger problem, known as the Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). It is important to note that sick building syndrome may cause various illnesses including allergies, acute respiration problem, feeling of discomfort and other psychological impacts. The “Ventilation Flow Evaluation System for Sustainable Housing Development” is a PC-based database tool developed to access and measure ventilation flow in a new or remodelled building in order to prevent or mitigate this problem. The purpose of the system is to provide resources for building designers in solving Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) issues especially related to ventilation flow based on regulations provided in Malaysian Standard (MS 1525). The system will allow readily building plan to be measured and analysed based on ventilation data collected at site, in order to allow buildings to obtain healthy and sufficient air for breathing and comfort purposes. The system will also recommend suitable layout plan in the building to meet the ventilation purposes, namely cross-ventilation and stack-effect ventilation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration
  8. Boo NY, Cheong KB, Cheong SK, Lye MS, Zulfiqar MA
    J Paediatr Child Health, 1997 Aug;33(4):329-34.
    PMID: 9323622
    OBJECTIVES: To compare the overall accuracy of the stable microbubble test (SM test) with measurement of level of surfactant protein A (SP-A) of tracheal aspirate for the diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).

    METHODOLOGY: Tracheal aspirates were obtained from neonates on ventilatory support. The SM test was carried out on specimens of tracheal aspirate immediately after collection. Levels of SP-A in tracheal aspirates were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The results of the SM test and SP-A level of the tracheal aspirates were compared against the clinical diagnosis of RDS based on clinical, radiological and bacteriological findings.

    RESULTS: Both the median microbubble counts (6 microbubbles/mm2, range = 0-90) and median SP-A levels (100 micrograms/L, range = 0-67447) of infants with RDS were significantly lower than those of infants with no obvious lung pathology (P < 0.0001), and pneumonia (P < 0.0001). The SM test of tracheal aspirates had higher overall accuracy for the diagnosis of RDS than measurement of SP-A levels (94.6% vs 82.4%). When the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of both tests for RDS were compared, the area under the ROC curve of the SM test was larger (0.9689) than that of the SP-A method (0.8965).

    CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the SM test of tracheal aspirate was a useful bedside diagnostic test for RDS. It could be carried out at any time after birth on infants requiring ventilatory support.

    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration, Artificial
  9. Mohamed Daud A, Mat Baki M, Azman M, Kamaruzaman E, Mohamed AS
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2019 Oct;71(Suppl 1):118-120.
    PMID: 31741945 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-017-1146-x
    Respiratory distress after thyroidectomy and thymectomy can be challenging. We encountered a 70-year-old lady with a long-standing goiter with concomitant thymoma. She underwent the surgery and developed respiratory distress upon extubation with loss of laryngeal sensation causing severe aspiration. She was diagnosed myasthenia gravis and symptoms resolved with MG treatments.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration Disorders
  10. Faisal M, Harun H, Hassan TM, Ban AY, Chotirmall SH, Abdul Rahaman JA
    BMC Pulm Med, 2016;16(1):53.
    PMID: 27080697 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-016-0209-1
    Tracheobronchial stenosis is a known complication of endobronchial tuberculosis. Despite antituberculous and steroid therapy, the development of bronchial stenosis is usually irreversible and requires airway patency to be restored by either bronchoscopic or surgical interventions. We report the use of balloon dilatation and topical mitomycin-C to successful restore airway patency.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration Disorders
  11. Mathewson I, Hardy EA
    Anaesthesia, 1970 Apr;25(2):265-71.
    PMID: 4909432
    Matched MeSH terms: Positive-Pressure Respiration
  12. Abdullah B, Hassan S, Salim R
    Malays J Med Sci, 2006 Jul;13(2):61-3.
    PMID: 22589606
    Choana atresia is a congenital abnormality of the posterior nasal apertures affecting the newborn. The aetiology is considered to be a persistence of the embroyological bucconasal membrane which separates the nasal cavity from the stomatodeum until it breaks down at seventh week, allowing communication through the primitive posterior nares. Bilateral choanal atresia almost always present as a respiratory emergency because newborn babies are obligate nasal breathers. The definitive surgical treatment is repair under general anaesthesia. We report our experience in doing a new technique of transnasal endoscopic repair.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration
  13. Levey HA
    Toxicon, 1969 May;6(4):269-76.
    PMID: 5805121
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration/drug effects
  14. Alhady SMA, Bowler DP, Reid HA, Scott LT
    Br Med J, 1960;1:540-545.
    Tetanus may be mild, moderate, severe, or inevitably fatal. Our clinical experience suggests it may be classified as severe (or, maybe, inevitably fatal) when a tetanic spasm stops respiration. Ten patients with severe tetanus were treated by the total paralysis regime (T.P.R.), consisting of tracheostomy, curarization, and intermittent positiveor positive/negative-pressure respiration. Two of the patients were saved by T.P.R. and therefore only limited effectiveness can be claimed for the regime. In inevitably fatal cases survival can be prolonged by T.P.R. so that further effects of tetanus toxin emerge. Of these, the most important appears to be direct damage to the myocardium.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration
  15. Huan NC, Ng KL, Nasaruddin MZ, Muhammad NA, Daut UN, Abdul Rahaman JA
    Respirol Case Rep, 2021 Mar;9(3):e00711.
    PMID: 33532074 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.711
    Tracheobronchial stenosis secondary to endobronchial tuberculosis (TSTB) is a rare but debilitating complication of endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB). Topical mitomycin-C (TMC) has been successfully utilized to restore airway patency and to prevent recurrence of TSTB, although little is known about its exact efficacy. Here, we report the biggest case series to date involving seven patients who received TMC as part of multimodality endoscopic treatment for TSTB with varying levels of success. All patients presented with dyspnoea during or after treatment completion for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Four patients had short-segment concentric membranous TSTB while two patients had concurrent bronchomalacia. Another one patient had a thick fibrotic band adjacent to luminal opening. We hypothesize that TMC is more efficacious in short membranous stenosis without concurrent bronchomalacia and/or thick fibrotic bands. More studies are needed to bridge the current gaps in knowledge regarding the optimal role and benefits of TMC for TSTB patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration Disorders
  16. Nathan AM, Loo HY, de Bruyne JA, Eg KP, Kee SY, Thavagnanam S, et al.
    Pediatr Pulmonol, 2017 04;52(4):500-507.
    PMID: 27712049 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23569
    INTRODUCTION: Home ventilation (HV) for children is growing rapidly worldwide. The aim was to describe (1) the sociodemographic characteristics of children on HV and (2) the indications for, means and outcome of initiating HV in children from a developing country.

    METHODOLOGY: This retrospective study included patients sent home on noninvasive or invasive ventilation, over 13 years, by the pediatric respiratory unit in a single center. Children who declined treatment were excluded.

    RESULTS: Seventy children were initiated on HV: 85.7% on noninvasive ventilation, 14.3% on invasive ventilation. There was about a threefold increase from 2001-2008 (n = 18) to 2009-2014 (n = 52). Median (range) age of initiating HV was 11 (1-169) months and 73% of children were <2 years old. Common indications for HV were respiratory (57.2%), chest/spine anomalies (11.4%), and neuromuscular (10.0%). Fifty-two percent came off their devices with a median (interquartile range) usage duration of 12 (4.8, 21.6) months. Ten children (14.3%) died with one avoidable death. Children with neuromuscular disease were less likely to come off their ventilator (0.0%) compared to children with respiratory disease (62.1%). Forty-one percent of parents bought their equipment, whereas 58.6% borrowed their equipment from the medical social work department and other sources.

    CONCLUSION: HV in a resource-limited country is possible. Children with respiratory disease made up a significant proportion of those requiring HV and were more likely to be weaned off. The mortality rate was low. The social work department played an important role in facilitating early discharge. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:500-507. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration, Artificial/utilization*
  17. Asha'ari ZA, Abdullah F, Yusof S, Yusof RA
    Clin Otolaryngol, 2015 Feb;40(1):52-6.
    PMID: 25311812 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12328
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration Disorders/diagnosis*; Respiration Disorders/etiology*; Respiration Disorders/surgery
  18. Chan KY, Raman A
    Med J Malaya, 1968 Dec;23(2):86-91.
    PMID: 4240826
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration*
  19. Tan CY, Razali SNO, Goh KJ, Shahrizaila N
    J Peripher Nerv Syst, 2019 06;24(2):168-173.
    PMID: 31001904 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12320
    Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated neuropathy that has variable disease course and outcome. The Erasmus GBS outcome score (EGOS), modified EGOS (mEGOS), and Erasmus GBS respiratory insufficiency score (EGRIS) are prognostic models designed to predict the functional outcome of GBS patients at 6 months (EGOS and mEGOS) and the need for mechanical ventilation within a week of admission (EGRIS). The models were primarily developed in the Dutch GBS population, and thus the usefulness of these models in other GBS cohorts is less clear. In the current study, we aimed to validate mEGOS, EGOS, and EGRIS in Malaysian GBS patients. A total of 107 patients with GBS and its variants were consecutively recruited. Patients with GBS and Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) were analysed separately. In the GBS cohort, high mEGOS and EGOS scores were significantly correlated with poor outcome at 6 months (mEGOS on admission: r = .381, P = .005; mEGOS at day 7 of admission: r = .507, P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration, Artificial
  20. Chiu CL, Murugasu J, Chan L
    Anaesth Intensive Care, 2003 Apr;31(2):187-92.
    PMID: 12712784
    We have compared the use of the laryngeal mask airway with the new modified laryngeal tube in a prospective randomized controlled study. Sixty ASA 1 or 2 patients, aged 18 to 65 years, scheduled for elective surgery and breathing spontaneously under general anaesthesia, were studied. After preoxygenation, anaesthesia was induced with fentanyl and propofol. The patients were randomized to receive either a laryngeal mask airway or a laryngeal tube. Anaesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide, oxygen and isoflurane. We recorded the speed and the ease of insertion, the number of attempts needed to successfully secure the airway and intraoperative complications, such as partial airway obstruction needing airway manipulation. The airway devices were removed with the patients fully awake at the end of surgery. Systolic arterial blood pressure, heart rate and end-tidal CO2 were recorded at various time intervals. Postoperative complications were recorded. We found that the incidence of partial airway obstruction needing intraoperative airway manipulation was higher with the laryngeal tube than with the laryngeal mask airway. We conclude that during spontaneous ventilation the modified laryngeal tube is not as reliable in providing a satisfactory airway and we consider it is not a suitable alternative to the laryngeal mask airway.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration
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