MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five groups of rats were intravitreally administered with vehicle or Aβ(1-40) in doses of 1.0, 2.5, 5 and 10 nmol. Animals were sacrificed and eyes were enucleated at weeks 1, 2 and 4 post-injection. The retinae were subjected to morphometric analysis and TUNEL staining. Optic nerve sections were stained with toluidine blue and were graded for neurodegenerative effects. The estimation of BDNF and markers of oxidative stress in retina were done using ELISA technique.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: It was observed that intravitreal Aβ(1-40) causes significant retinal and optic nerve damage up to day 14 post-injection and there was increasing damage with increase in dose. However, on day 30 post-injection both the retinal and optic nerve morphology showed a trend towards normalization. The observations made for retinal cell apoptosis, retinal glutathione, superoxide dismutase activity and BDNF were in accordance with those of morphological changes with deterioration till day 14 and recovery by day 30 post-injection. The findings of this study may provide a guide for selection of appropriate experimental conditions for future studies.
Objective: To evaluate the peripapillary RNFL thickness and optic nerve functions in fellow eye of NMO with unilateral optic neuritis.
Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in 2 tertiary hospitals from August 2017 to May 2019. RNFL thickness and optic nerve functions were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 24.
Results: A total of 26 NMO patients and 26 controls were involved in this study. The median age (IQR) of NMO patients was 32.5 (12) years old. The RNFL thickness was significantly reduced in NMO patients with non-ON eyes as compared to control group. Best corrected visual acuity between the 2 groups were comparable (0.20 vs 0.00, p=0.071). Contrast sensitivity was also reduced in NMO patients (non-ON eyes) at all 5 spatial frequencies. In NMO group, 34.6% have normal colour vision. The mean deviation (MD) of Humphrey visual field (HVF) was higher in NMO group (p<0.001). There was a moderate correlation between RNFL thickness and contrast sensitivity. Weak correlation was found between the RNFL thickness with visual acuity and mean deviation of visual field test.
Conclusion: Our study showed that the fellow eye of NMO patients with unilateral ON revealed a significant reduction in RNFL thickness and all the optic nerve functions have subtle early changes that signify a subclinical retinal damage.
METHODS: Twenty-seven right eyes (24 females and 3 males) of 27 myopic schoolchildren aged between 13 and 15 years were included in this study. The measurements of central refraction, peripheral refraction (between 35° temporal and 35° nasal visual field in 5° steps), and lag of accommodation were conducted using the Grand-Seiko WR-5100K open-field autorefractometer initially without correction (WC), followed by with correction using four different addition powers of Proclear® multifocal D-Design contact lens in random sequence. Axial length was measured using a handheld probe ultrasound A-scan (Tomey AL-2000).
RESULTS: The relative peripheral refractive error showed high hyperopic defocus of +1.08 ± 1.24 D at 35° nasal and +1.06 ± 1.06 D at 35° temporal visual field WC. All Proclear multifocal contact lenses (MFCLs) decreased the peripheral hyperopic defocus with increasing addition powers (F [2.938, 47.001] = 13.317, P < 0.001). However, only +3.00 D addition and +3.50 D addition (P = 0.001) could invert the peripheral hyperopic defocus into peripheral myopic defocus. Apart from that, the +3.00 D addition lens showed the lowest lag of accommodation (+1.10 ± 0.83 D) among the other MFCL adds (P = 0.002).
CONCLUSION: A +3.00 D addition Proclear MFCL is the optimal addition power that can invert the pattern of peripheral hyperopic defocus into myopic defocus.
METHODS: Assessment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients with or without PCV after 12 months of ranibizumab treatment during the LUMINOUS study. Outcome measures were visual acuity and central retinal thickness changes from baseline and the rate of ocular adverse events.
RESULTS: At baseline, 572 and 5,644 patients were diagnosed with and without PCV, respectively. The mean visual acuity gain from baseline at Month 12 in the PCV and non-PCV groups was +5.0 and +3.0 letters, respectively; these gains were achieved with a mean of 4.4 and 5.1 ranibizumab injections. Eighty percent of PCV patients and 72.2% of non-PCV patients who had baseline visual acuity ≥73 letters maintained this level of vision at Month 12; 20.6% and 17.9% of patients with baseline visual acuity <73 letters achieved visual acuity ≥73 letters in these groups. Greater reductions in central retinal thickness from baseline were also observed for the PCV group versus the non-PCV group. The rate of serious ocular adverse events was 0.7% (PCV group) and 0.9% (non-PCV group).
CONCLUSION: LUMINOUS confirms the effectiveness and safety of ranibizumab in treatment-naive patients with PCV.
METHODS: A retrospective case series of eyes with myopic foveoschisis that underwent vitrectomy and PAIR. Visual acuity, fundus photographs, and optical coherence tomography measurements were obtained and analyzed. Data are presented as medians (ranges).
RESULTS: A total of seven eyes underwent PAIR and were followed up for 339 days (188-436 days). No intraoperative complications were noted. One eye exhibited postoperative macular hole formation, but the hole was healed through fluid-gas exchange. At the last follow-up, the visual acuity had improved from 20/66 (20/332-20/40) to 20/40 (20/100-20/25), and the central foveal thickness had decreased from 576 µ m to 269 µ m. A repositioned internal limiting membrane (ILM) was observed in six of the eyes, and inner retinal dimples were noted in only two eyes. However, retinal wrinkles under the repositioned or perifoveal ILM were noted in five eyes.
CONCLUSION: The PAIR technique relieved traction, restored the ILM, and achieved functional and morphological improvement in eyes with myopic foveoschisis. Limited occurrence of inner retinal dimples and retinal thinning was noted, but retinal wrinkles occurred, likely due to ILM contracture.