Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 3370 in total

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  1. Arokiasamy JT
    Med J Malaysia, 1983 Dec;38(4):261-5.
    PMID: 6599979
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
  2. Miranda AF, Miranda S
    Med J Malaysia, 1986 Dec;41(4):305-9.
    PMID: 3670152
    There is a high incidence of tetanus in the Malaysian state of Kelantan. Out of 162 reported cases of tetanus in Peninsular Malaysia during 1979 - 1984, 62 cases were from Kelantan, i.e. 38% of the total reported cases in Peninsular Malaysia. Thus a retrospective study was carried out to analyse the possible factors responsible for this high incidence. 62 cases of tetanus admitted to the General Hospital, Kota Bharu, over a period of 1979 - 1984 were studied.
    Neonatal tetanus, though still existing, had been considerably reduced compared to the preceding five-year period (1975-1979). There was notable absence of cases in the two months to four-year age group, 24% of the cases occurred in the 10 - 20 years, and 29% in the age group 25 - 40 years. Since tetanus is a disease preventable by active immunization. l every effort must be taken to improve immunization coverage and increase the public awareness to prevent unnecessary loss of lives.
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
  3. Lim KG
    Med J Malaysia, 1987 Mar;42(1):16-21.
    PMID: 3431499
    Eleven maternal deaths were recorded in Hulu Terengganu between 1981-1985. This represents a high average maternal mortality rate of 1.4 per thousand deliveries annually over the five years. Nine of the 11 women were high priority pregnancies, but only three had hospital deliveries. The most common cause of death was post-partum haemorrhage (PPH), and PPH with a retained placenta. Hospital deliveries constitute only a low proportion of total deliveries in the district. In a survey of women with high priority pregnancies attending antenatal clinics in Hulu Terengganu, it was found that 79 (69%) out of 115 respondents were resistant to advice for hospital delivery. Grandmultiparae were a significant proportion of this group.
    Study site: Maternal Child Health Centre (Klinik Kesihatan), Hulu Terengganu, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
  4. Kan SP, Singh M, Singh S
    Med J Malaysia, 1987 Mar;42(1):40-3.
    PMID: 3431501
    Only 8.4% of 1,286 Chinese boys and girls from the ages of 5-12 years in Pulau Ketam were infected with soil-transmitted helminths. The majority of these children had single infections with Trichuris or Ascaris alone. Mixed infections made up less than 5% of all infected cases. The worm burdens of infected children were very low. There was no definite pattern of distribution of infection among children of different ages and no differences in the distribution of infection between boys and girls. The main factors for the low prevalence and intensity of infection were the absence of suitable soil for the development and survival of infective helminth stages and the lack of contact with contaminated soil on this island. These two factors acted as very effective barriers to the transmission of soiltransmitted helminths on Pulau Ketam.
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
  5. Lyn PCW
    Med J Malaysia, 1987 Mar;42(1):22-30.
    PMID: 3323859
    Coronary atheroma is the principal cause of ischaemic heart disease. Among the factors considered to predispose to atheroma formation is raised plasma cholesterol and although it is regarded as a minor risk factor by some, others see its contribution as one of major importance. Whichever the view, the debate on plasma cholesterol and coronary heart disease (CHD) has long moved out of the exclusive domain of the scientific journal to the public arena and is reflected in the increasing frequency with which doctors are consulted by patients on the subject. The incidence of CHD in South-East Asian countries is also rising. For the practising clinician, the problem resolves itself into deciding if the evidence incriminating plasma cholesterol as a predisposing factor is strong enough, and if it is, what prophylactic and therapeutic steps are of value in reducing the incidence of CH D. An updated and brief review of lipid metabolism and the relationship of lipids to CHD is now necessary in view of the rapid accumulation of data from recent trials and prospective studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
  6. Leng DQ, Ying LL, Moy YA, Leng SO
    Med J Malaysia, 1987 Sep;42(3):156-65.
    PMID: 3506637
    A six-month survey of 828 patients admitted to the Coronary Care Unit (CCU) of the General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur was carried out to ascertain whether the smoking habits of the patients predisposed them to definite coronary events and its immediate outcome i.e. early mortality (within seven days). The various ethnic groups were also screened to determine if they were at increased risk to coronary events in relation to other known risk factors. Three hundred and eleven patients - 239 males, and 72 females - had confirmed acute myocardial infarctions of whom 190 were smokers (172 males, and 18 females). Sixty-nine infarct patients died within the first seven days post-Ml: 35 were smokers (50.7%). Two-hundred and eighty other patients had non-infarct coronary events. Of these, 167 were smokers. In contrast, only 99 out of 237 patients admitted for non-coronary events, were smokers. It thus appeared that patients admitted to the CCU for suspected cardiac events had a greater incidence of confirmed acute myocardial infarction or acute coronary events if they were smokers (p < 0.001). Mortality from these coronary events was not seen to increase among smokers in this population sample. Women who smoked as a whole, were not found to be at increased risk to coronary events, but women smokers 60 years and older were shown to be at increased risk to developing confirmed coronary events (p < 0.01).
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
  7. Chuah CY, Raman S, Sivanesaratnam V
    Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol, 1987 Dec;13(4):379-84.
    PMID: 3426427
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
  8. Saw Huat Seong
    Med J Malaysia, 1987 Dec;42(4):252-63.
    PMID: 3331407
    Coronary artery surgery as we know it today, has undergone rapid evolution since its introduction in the late 1960's, resulting, not surprisingly, in much confusion. In an attempt to present the state of the art, a collective review of the literature, coupled with the experiences with 118 patients is presented and discussed. The modern surgical management of patients with obliterative coronary artery disease is designed to relieve symptoms, prolong life and identify patients at high risk of premature death or myocardial infarction if they were to continue with medical management. Though the most common indication for surgery is persistent limitation of life style by severe symptoms, management is influenced by the strong association between such symptoms and increased mortality. During the short history of coronary bypass surgery, other indications for operation have been influenced by a combination of lessons from the past and hopes for the future. In addition, advances in technology have produced an enormous impetus for improvements in patient evaluation, surgical technique and postoperative care. As these advances continue and as more and more late results of surgery become available, answers to questions about surgery may increasingly be deduced from lessons rather than from hopes. As a result of these changes, an aura of confusion has gradually crept into the scene. It is hoped that this collective review, together with experiences gained from a personal series of 118 patients over a 3 year period from 1984 to 1986, will put into proper perspective, the state of the art of surgical management of coronary artery disease today.
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
  9. Ishak R, Hassan K, Arshat H
    Malays J Reprod Health, 1987 Dec;5(2):57-60.
    PMID: 12315184
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors*
  10. Saha N, Wong HB
    Biol. Neonate, 1987;52(2):93-6.
    PMID: 3115319
    The mortality from coronary artery disease (CAD) in Indians is more than three times that in the Chinese and Malays of Singapore. Serum total and HDL cholesterol as well as apolipoprotein (Apo) AI, AII and B levels were determined in a group of 349 newborns (cord blood) from both sexes in these three ethnic groups in order to examine if a trend is reflected at birth. Both serum LDL cholesterol and Apo B levels were low in the newborn, while HDL cholesterol and Apo AII levels were almost the same as in adults. Serum Apo AI levels were also low in newborns. No consistent difference as to ethnic group or sex was observed in any of the parameters investigated, except that the females had significantly higher levels of serum Apo AI in all the ethnic groups. Serum total and HDL cholesterol levels in Singapore newborns were comparable to those reported in Caucasians and Asians. The trends of incidence of CAD were not reflected in the lipid profiles studied at birth.
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
  11. Wang KW, Balakrishnan V, Liauw PC, Chua EK, Vengadasalam D, Tan YT
    Singapore Med J, 1988 Feb;29(1):53-5.
    PMID: 3406769
    Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease in Singapore. Its occurrence in pregnant women was 1.3% in a previous report. In a survey of 145 consecutive pregnant women registered at Alexandra Hospital the incidence of gestational diabetes was 13.1% when a total screen with 75 gm oral glucose challenge was used. The mean age of this sample was 27 years and the mean gestation at screening 33 weeks. There was an excess of Malay and Indian patients. Fifty percent had traditional risk factors tor gestational diabetes. Whether this higher incidence is a result of more stringent screening and/or increased occurrence remains to be confirmed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
  12. Habicht JP, DaVanzo J, Butz WP
    Pediatrics, 1988 Mar;81(3):456-61.
    PMID: 3344191
    If they lived in households without piped water or a toilet, Malaysian infants who did not breast-feed were five times more likely to die after 1 week of age than those who breast-fed, when other significant factors affecting infant mortality were taken into account. This is double the relative risk associated with not breast-feeding for infants born into households with toilets, whether or not they had piped water. Analogously, improvements in toilet sanitation appear to have reduced mortality twice as much among infants who did not breast-feed as among those who did. These findings, from a retrospective survey of infants born to a probability sample of 1,262 women in peninsular Malaysia, confirm the pernicious synergistic effect of poor sanitation and nonbreastfeeding that was postulated previously on theoretical grounds. Promoting and maintaining high initiation of breast-feeding is thus particularly important where poor sanitation is prevalent. Even more affluent areas should not be neglected, however, because socioeconomic improvement, including improved environmental sanitation, is often accompanied by decreased breast-feeding. Although the risk to each nonbreast-fed infant was less in those areas, infants there were less likely to breast-feed in Malaysia, and hence they made up a significant proportion of lives that could be saved by breast-feeding.
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
  13. Teo PH, Chong YH, Abdul Rahman MZ
    Med J Malaysia, 1988 Jun;43(2):125-33.
    PMID: 3237128
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
  14. Choo KE, Wan Ariffin WA, Chua SP
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1988 Jul;17(3):438-42.
    PMID: 3218934
    A retrospective study of 84 cases of neonatal septicaemia admitted into a neonatal unit in a rural area of Malaysia for 1 year between 1st September 1985 to 31st August 1986 was carried out to determine the spectrum of micro-organisms and predisposing factors in relation to early and late onset septicaemia. The incidence of neonatal septicaemia was 2.13 per 1,000 live-births per year and the case fatality was 41.7% with higher case fatality in those who were premature, those who presented as early onset and those who had gram negative septicaemia. The mean age of onset of septicaemia was 7.8 days (range from 2 hours to 27 days). Forty four (52%) neonates had early onset septicaemia with mean age of onset at 2.7 days; forty (48%) neonates had late onset septicaemia presenting at 13.6 days of life. Gram negative organisms such as Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, sp., E. coli and Streptococcus, especially group B Streptococcus were the major organisms in the early onset septicaemia. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the major organisms responsible for the late onset septicaemia. Obstetrical factors played an important role in early onset septicaemia. Prematurity was the most common predisposing factor. Invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures including surgery highlighted once again the importance of these procedures in predisposing the newborn to infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
  15. Wagner HN
    JAMA, 1988 Aug 5;260(5):697-8.
    PMID: 3392799
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
  16. Med J Malaysia, 1988 Dec;43(4):348-9.
    PMID: 2853823
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
  17. Sivanesaratnam V
    Med J Malaysia, 1988 Dec;43(4):275-7.
    PMID: 3241592
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
  18. Quek DKL
    Family Practitioner, 1988;11(1):90-91.
    Cardiovascular disease has been the premier cause of hospital-registered deaths in Malaysia for the past 8 years. Among these reported deaths, 31% were caused by coronary heart disease in 1982. A healthy lifestyle to control the coronary risk factors would help to reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease in future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
  19. Scorzelli JF
    J Subst Abuse Treat, 1988;5(4):253-62.
    PMID: 3216439
    The multifaceted drug prevention education and rehabilitation system of Malaysia appears to have contributed to the steady decrease of the number of identified drug abusers in the country. In this article, those components of the Malaysian system that would be most applicable to the American effort were examined. In the same manner, because the fastest growing minority group in the United States are Asian Americans, in which a significant proportion involve persons from Southeast Asia, those components in the Malaysian system that are applicable to Southeast Asian Americans were examined.
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
  20. Sivanesaratnam V
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1989 Jan;18(1):75-9.
    PMID: 2712524
    One hundred years ago cervical cancer was rapidly fatal, regardless of therapy rendered. Today with cytological screening, early diagnosis is possible and ablative therapy can be instituted in appropriate cases. The advent of coloscopy has helped reduce unnecessary cone biopsy for diagnosis. However, the same cannot be said of the use of cytology for screening endometrial cancer, and often endometrial tissue biopsy is necessary. Ovarian cancer is notoriously silent in its early stages and symptoms if present are generally non-specific. To date there is no other useful and reliable method for its early detection than routine pelvic examination. An annual cytological screening test for cervical cancer will give an opportunity for examination of the breasts, abdomen and pelvis. Screening techniques for female genital tract malignancies are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
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