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Fulltext Serological prevalance of leptospiral infection in captive Malayan porcupiness (Hystrix brachyura)

Siti-Nurdyana, A.K., Bahaman, A.R., Sharma, R.S.K., Azlan, C.M., Abdul Razak, M.F.A.

Jurnal Veterinar Malaysia, 2016;28(2):1-3.
MyJurnal

Leptospirosis is recognised as one of the leading zoonotic diseases and rodents have been implicated as one of the natural reservoirs of the disease. The Malayan porcupines (Hystrix brachyura) which are also a rodent could possibly be a carrier of leptospiral organisms. This study was conducted to determine the serological prevalence of leptospiral infection among captive Malayan porcupines and to disclose the possibility of porcupines as a reservoir for leptospiral infection. Fifty serum samples were obtained from the Malayan porcupines kept in captivity at the Wildlife Conservation Centre, Sungai Dusun, Malaysia. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was performed on the serum samples to detect the presence of agglutinating antibodies to a panel of 16 Leptospira serovars (Australis, Autumnalis, Ballum, Bataviae, Canicola, Celledoni, Djasiman, Hardjobovis, Hardjopratjino, Hebdomadis, Hurstbridge, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Javanica, Pomona, Pyrogenes and Sejroe). From the serological test, 18% (n=9/50) of the Malayan porcupines tested had leptospiral antibodies to serovars Javanica (8%), Hurstbridge (4%), Ballum (2%), Celledoni (2%) and Hardjoprajitno (2%). It is seen that this study disclosed a high prevalence of leptospiral infection in the Malayan porcupines tested and indicated that the Malayan porcupines could possibly be a source of leptospirosis to other animals including humans and that they might play an important role in the epidemiology of leptospiral infection in the country.

Matched MeSH terms: Rodentia
Ectoparasites of small mammals in four localities of wildlife reserves in Peninsular Malaysia

Madinah A, Fatimah A, Mariana A, Abdullah MT

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2011 Jul;42(4):803-13.
PMID: 22299462

Field surveys of ectoparasites on rodents and scandents were conducted in four localities of wildlife reserves in Peninsular Malaysia from October 2008 to November 2009. A total of 16 animals comprising 5 species of hosts were caught and examined for ectoparasites. The hosts examined were Maxomys rajah, Maxomys whiteheadi, Leopoldamys sabanus, Lariscus insignis and Tupaia glis. Of these hosts, 9 genera, consisting of 14 species of ectoparasites were extracted. Three species of ticks (Ixodidae), 7 species of mesostigmatid mites (Laelaptidae), 3 species of chiggers (Trombiculidae) and 1 species of listrophorid mites (Listrophoriidae) were identified. The infestation rate of ectoparasites observed ranged from 12.5% to 62.5%. Among the ectoparasites found, Ixodes granulatus and Leptotrombidium deliense are of known medical importance.

Matched MeSH terms: Rodentia/parasitology*
Fulltext Data on ectoparasites infestation on small mammals from different habitats in east-coast Peninsular Malaysia

Ahmad NII, Rahim NAA, Roslan A, Adrus M, Ahamad M, Hassan M, et al.

Data Brief, 2020 Jun;30:105621.
PMID: 32395585 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105621

This data article presents on the ectoparasites infestation on small mammals in Peninsular Malaysia. The dataset on ectoparasites infestation is important because it raises a major medical concern regarding the spread of potentially zoonotic disease from wildlife to human. Tick and chigger are the primary ectoparasites as reservoirs of vector-borne diseases found on small mammals in Malaysia. These small mammals that are infested with ectoparasites occupy various types of habitats, including human settlements, could be of community health risks as the carriers of potentially zoonotic diseases. Field samplings were conducted from February 2015 to February 2016 in three different ecological habitats of mixed dipterocarp forest, coastal forest and insular forest, in Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 35 and 22 species of bats and rodents respectively were captured and examined for ectoparasites. Twenty-three species of bats and 16 species of small mammal were recorded as hosts for at least one species of ectoparasites. These findings show that the highest ectoparasite infestation occurred on bat community.

Matched MeSH terms: Rodentia
Fulltext Implication of predator interaction of the spread of hantavirus infection

Yusof, F. M., Md. Ismail, A. I. B., Abu Hasan, Y.

MATEMATIKA, 2018;34(2):205-226.
MyJurnal

Hantaviruses are etiological agents of zoonotic diseases and certain other dis-
eases, which pose a serious threat to human health. When rodent and predator popula-
tions share in an ecology, the competitive force of the populations can lead to a reduction
or elimination of a hantavirus outbreak. The effect of the predator eliminating rodents
and predator populations that tends to reduce or eliminate hantavirus infection is investi-
gated. The existence of several equilibrium points of the model is identified and local and
global stabilities of the model at these equilibrium points are analysed in detail. Numerical
simulations are carried out to illustrate our model results.

Matched MeSH terms: Rodentia
Culturable pathogenic bacteria in ticks parasitizing farm animals and rodents in Malaysia

Loong SK, Lim FS, Khoo JJ, Lee HY, Suntharalingam C, Ishak SN, et al.

Trop Biomed, 2020 Sep 01;37(3):803-811.
PMID: 33612793 DOI: 10.47665/tb.37.3.803

Ticks are vectors of bacteria, protozoa and viruses capable of causing serious and life threatening diseases in humans and animals. Disease transmission occurs through the transfer of pathogen from tick bites to susceptible humans or animals. Most commonly known tick-borne pathogens are obligate intracellular microorganisms but little is known on the prevalence of culturable pathogenic bacteria from ticks capable of growth on artificial nutrient media. One hundred and forty seven ticks originating from dairy cattle, goats and rodents were collected from nine selected sites in Peninsular Malaysia. The culture of surfacesterilized tick homogenates revealed the isolation of various pathogenic bacteria including, Staphylococcus sp., Corynebacterium sp., Rothia sp., Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Bacillus sp. and its derived genera. These pathogens are among those that affect humans and animals. Findings from this study suggest that in addition to the regular intracellular pathogens, ticks could also harbor extracellular pathogenic bacteria. Further studies, hence, would be needed to determine if these extracellular pathogens could contribute to human or animal infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Rodentia
Detection of a Borrelia sp. From Ixodes granulatus Ticks Collected From Rodents in Malaysia

Khoo JJ, Ishak SN, Lim FS, Mohd-Taib FS, Khor CS, Loong SK, et al.

J Med Entomol, 2018 10 25;55(6):1642-1647.
PMID: 30137379 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy122

The Borrelia genus consists of spirochete bacteria known to cause Lyme disease (LD) and relapsing fever in humans. Borrelia pathogens are commonly transmitted via arthropod vectors such as ticks, mites, or lice. Here, we report the molecular screening of LD group Borrelia sp. from ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from rodents trapped in recreational forests and a semiurban residential area in the Selangor state in Malaysia. Of 156 adult ticks surveyed, 72 ticks were determined as positive for Borrelia sp. by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All Borrelia PCR-positive ticks belonged to the Ixodes granulatus Supino species. Borrelia sp. was not detected in other tick species examined, including Dermacentor sp. and Amblyomma sp. ticks. Thirteen Borrelia PCR-positive tick samples were selected for further sequence analyses. Phylogenetic analyses of partial flaB gene sequences revealed that the Borrelia sp. were closely related to the LD group borreliae, Borrelia yangtzensis; a novel Borrelia genospecies reported in East Asian countries including Japan, Taiwan, and China. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Borrelia sp. related to Borrelia yangtzensis detected in Malaysia and Southeast Asia. The zoonotic potential of the Borrelia sp. reported here merits further investigation, as it may explain the previously reported serological evidence for borrelial infections in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Rodentia/parasitology*
Fulltext Molecular evidence of rat bocavirus among rodents in Peninsular Malaysia

Mohd-Azami SNI, Loong SK, Khoo JJ, Sahimin N, Lim FS, Husin NA, et al.

J Vet Med Sci, 2022 Jul 01;84(7):938-941.
PMID: 35584942 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0037

Rat bocavirus (RBoV) and rodent bocavirus (RoBoV) have previously been detected in Rattus norvegicus; however, these viruses have not been reported in rodent populations in Malaysia. We investigated the presence of RBoV and RoBoV in archived rodent specimens. DNA barcoding of the rodent cytochrome c oxidase gene identified five different species: Rattus tanezumi R3 mitotype, Rattus tiomanicus, Rattus exulans, Rattus argentiventer, and Rattus tanezumi sensu stricto. Three spleens were positive for RBoV (1.84%; 3/163), but no RoBoV was detected. Phylogenetic analyzes of the partial non-structural protein 1 gene grouped Malaysian RBoV strains with RBoV strains from China. Further studies among rats from different geographical locations are warranted for this relatively new virus.

Matched MeSH terms: Rodentia
Effects Of Biotic Interactions, Abiotic Environments And Harvesting On The Spread Of Hantavirus Infection

Fauzi Mohamed Yusof, Mohd Hafiz Mohd, Yazariah Mohd Yatim, Ahmad Izani Md. Ismail

MATEMATIKA, 2020;36(1):1-14.
MyJurnal

In this paper, the combined influences of biotic interactions, environmental components and harvesting strategy on the spread of Hantavirus are investigated. By employing a multi-species model consisting of (susceptible and infected) rodents and alien species, we show that interspecific competition from alien species has an effect in reducing the spread of infection, and this species could be employed as a potential biocontrol agent. Our analysis using numerical continuation and simulation also reveals the conditions under which Hantavirus infection occurs and disappears as the environmental conditions and the intensity of harvesting change. Without harvesting, infection emerges when environments are conducive. Inclusion of moderate harvesting in favourable environments can lead to disappearance of infection among rodent species. However, as the intensity of harvesting increases, this situation can cause extinction of all rodents species and consequently, jeopardise biodiversity. Overall, our results demonstrate how the interplay of different factors can combine to determine the spread of infectious diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Rodentia
Modeling population harvesting of rodents for the control of hantavirus infection

Yusof F, Md. Ismai l, Ali N

Sains Malaysiana, 2010;39.

Hantaviruses are infectious agents that can cause diseases resulting in deaths in humans and are hosted by rodents without affecting the hosts themselves. A simple mathematical model describing the spread of the Hantavirus infection in rodents has been proposed and developed by Abramson and Kenkre where the model takes into account the temporal and spatial characteristics of this infection. In this paper, we extended this model to include the process of harvesting and study the impact of different harvesting strategies in the spread of the Hantavirus infection in rodents. Several numerical simulations were carried out and the results are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Rodentia
Effect of predators on the spread of hantavirus infection

Yusof F, Md Ismail A.I.B., Ali N

Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:1045-1051.

Hantavirus is a serious disease caused by rodents which can lead to mortality. Many efforts have been carried out by researchers to develop and analyze mathematical models of Hantavirus infection. In this paper, the Peixoto and Abramson (2006) biodiversity model is modified to include the effect of predators and study the prediction of the modified model. When rodent and predator populations are in competition, the predator populations have the effect of reducing the prevalence of infection. Predators may be used for control and reduces the number of competing species to stabilize the populations at a persistent equilibrium.

Matched MeSH terms: Rodentia
Fulltext Detection and molecular identification of blood parasites in rodents captured from urban areas of southern Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo

Perison PWD, Amran NS, Adrus M, Anwarali Khan FA

Vet Med Sci, 2022 Sep;8(5):2059-2066.
PMID: 35636429 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.849

BACKGROUND: Rodent species are well known for their potential as hosts and reservoirs for various zoonotic diseases. Studies on blood parasite infection in small mammals focused on urban cities in Peninsular Malaysia and have been conducted over the years. In contrast, there are information gaps related to molecular detection of blood parasites in urban areas of Sarawak that are associated with veterinary importance and zoonotic spillover potential. Increasing prevalence and transmission of blood parasite diseases is the most crucial public health issue, particularly in developing urban areas of Sarawak. Therefore, molecular identification studies were performed to determine and identify the blood parasites infecting rodents.
METHODS: A total of 40 rodent blood samples were analysed for blood parasite infection and a combined approach using polymerase chain reaction-based technique, and traditional microscopic examination (blood smear test) was conducted. 18s rRNA (Plasmodium spp.) and cytochrome b (Hepatocystis spp.) gene marker were used to identify the blood parasites.
RESULTS: Note that 67.5% (n = 27) blood samples were tested negative for blood parasites, while 32.5% (n = 13) blood samples collected were infected with at least one protozoan parasite. Out of 13 samples, 69.2% (n = 9) were detected with Hepatocystis sp., while 15.4% (n = 2) were positive with Hepatozoon ophisauri. Two individuals had multiple infections from both species. No Plasmodium spp. have been detected throughout this study using universal primer (targeted Plasmodium spp.); however, different parasite species which were H. ophisauri were detected.
CONCLUSION: Although there is no evidence of human infection from H. ophisauri and Hepatocystis sp. detected from the study, the data show the host species are heavily infected, and the information is essential for future prevention of zoonotic outbreaks and surveillance programmes. Therefore, it is suggested that the surveillance programmes should be incorporated in targeted areas with a high risk of disease emergence.

Matched MeSH terms: Rodentia/genetics
Fulltext Rodent model of obesity mimicking human metabolic syndrome

Aamir K., Khan H., Arya A.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(102):39-39.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Polymetabolic syndrome is a malady encompassing centralized accumulation of lipids and subsequent resistance to insulin leading towards diabesity. Currently, this condition is perilous threat to public health and also, creating perplexity for medical scientists. There is an intensive need for the development of obese rodent model having close resemblance with human metabolic syndrome (MetS); so that intricate molecular and/or therapeutic
targets can be elucidated. The resultant simulations will be beneficial to explicate not only pathogenesis but also secret conversation of signaling pathways in inducing MetS related complications in other organs. Methods: Currently, there are different methods for the development of rodent models of MetS, for instance, utilizing high lipogenic diet, genetic alterations, induction by chemicals or by combination of high fat diet and few others. In general, combination of cafeteria or western diet and low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) is a fine example of diet induced experimental model. In this model animals are allowed free access to highly palatable, energy dense, unhealthy human food for 12-18 weeks which promotes voluntary hyperphagia resulting in weight gain, increased fat mass and insulin resistance. At the end of feeding period 30mg/kg STZ is given intraperitoneally to mimic human type 2 diabetic condition.
Conclusion: Consumption of cafeteria diet with low dose STZ is considered to be the robust model of diabesity offering an exceptional stage to investigate the genomic, molecular, biochemical and cellular mechanisms of obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Matched MeSH terms: Rodentia
Fulltext Robust model of systemic inflammation through Lipopolysaccharide

Khan H., Aamir K., Arya A.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(102):50-50.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Systemic inflammation is the major clinical problem which is constellation of communicable and non-communicable infection equipped with acute to chronic inflammation. It may lead to unfavourable conditions for instance, systemic inflammatory syndrome, burns and sepsis. Systemic inflammation might rotate the steering towards vital clinical maladies including cardiomyopathy, neuroinflammation, hepatitis, liver and kidney diseases and even diabetes. In order to elucidate the molecular insights in these clinical implications, there is an intensive need
to design rodent model of systemic inflammation having close association with systemic inflammatory conditions in humans. Methods: Presently, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced systemic inflammatory rodent model is widely established, reproducible and acceptable among scientists. In this model animals are treated with intraperitoneal injection of LPS ranging from 1-10 mg/kg which leads to instant release of proinflammatory cytokines to provide robust model of systemic inflammation in order to elucidate pathological conditions and their in-depth mechanism to uncover the new anti-inflammatory therapeutic targets. Conclusion: Robust model would open new window to explore anti-inflammatory activities of phytochemicals, small molecules and drug candidates along with crosstalk of different signaling pathways at molecular level.

Matched MeSH terms: Rodentia
Fulltext Major epidemiological factors associated with leptospirosis in Malaysia

Garba B, Bahaman AR, Bejo SK, Zakaria Z, Mutalib AR, Bande F

Acta Trop, 2018 Feb;178:242-247.
PMID: 29217379 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.12.010

INTRODUCTION: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a diverse pathogenic leptospira species and serovars. The disease is transmitted directly following contact with infected urine and other body fluids or indirectly after contact with water or soil contaminated with infected urine.
OBJECTIVES: While a wide range of domestic and wild animals are known to be reservoirs of the disease, occupation, international travel and recreation are beginning to assume a center stage in the transmission of the disease. The objective of this study is to review available literatures to determine the extent to which these aforementioned risk factors aid the transmission, increase incidence and outbreak of leptospirosis in Malaysia.
STUDY DESIGN: The review was conducted based on prevalence, incidence, and outbreak cases of leptospirosis among human and susceptible animals predisposed to several of the risk factors identified in Malaysia.
METHODS: Literature searchers and reviews were conducted based on articles published in citation index journals, Malaysian ministry of health reports, periodicals as well as reliable newspapers articles and online media platforms. In each case, the newspapers and online media reports were supported by press briefings by officials of the ministry of health and other agencies responsible.
RESULTS: The disease is endemic in Malaysia, and this was attributed to the large number of reservoir animals, suitable humid and moist environment for proliferation as well as abundant forest resources. Over 30 different serovars have been detected in Malaysia in different domestic and wild animal species. This, in addition to the frequency of flooding which has increased in recent years, and has helped increase the risk of human exposure. Occupation, recreation, flooding and rodent population were all identified as an important source and cause of the disease within the study population.
CONCLUSION: There is an urgent need for the government and other stakeholders to intensify efforts to control the spread of the disease, especially as it greatly affect human health and the tourism industry which is an important component of the Malaysian economy. The risk of infection can be minimized by creating awareness on the source and mode of transmission of the disease, including the use of protective clothing and avoiding swimming in contaminated waters. Moreover, improved diagnostics can also help reduce the suffering and mortalities that follow infection after exposure to infection source.

Matched MeSH terms: Rodentia
Fulltext Three new fleas from Sulawesi, Indonesia (Siphonaptera: Pygiopsyllidae & Ceratophyllidae)

Durden LA, Beaucournu JC

Parasite, 2006 Sep;13(3):215-26.
PMID: 17007213 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2006133215

Gryphopsylla maxomydis n. sp. (Pygiopsyllidae), Medwayella rubrisciurae n. sp. (Pygiopsyllidae) and Macrostylophora theresae n. sp. (Ceratophyllidae) are described from endemic rodents in Sulawesi. Gryphopsylla maxomydis was collected from the murids Maxomys musschenbroekii and Paruromys dominator in Central Sulawesi (Sulawesi Tengah). However, M. musschenbroekii appears to be the true host of this flea because it has spiny pelage and G. maxomydis shows morphological adaptations for parasitizing spiny hosts including a remarkable "beak-like" structure on the head. This adatation is similar to a beak-like structure on the head of Gryphopsyllo hopkinsi (Traub) which parasitizes the spiny murid Maxomys whiteheadi in Borneo (Sabah). Medwayella rubrisciurae was collected from the large tree squirrel Rubrisciurus rubriventer in Central Sulawesi and this represents the first report of this flea genus in Sulawesi. Macrostylophora theresce was recorded from the murids Bunomys fratrorum, P. dominator and Rattus xanthurus in North Sulawesi (Sulawesi Utara); most other members of this flea genus parasitize squirrels in the Oriental and Palaearctic zoogeographical regions.

Matched MeSH terms: Rodentia
Lanjan virus, a new agent isolated from Dermacentor auratus in Malaya

Tan DS, Smith CE, McMahon DA, Bowen ET

Nature, 1967 Jun 10;214(5093):1154-5.
PMID: 4964058
Matched MeSH terms: Rodentia
Fulltext Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Pathogenic Strain of Ehrlichia minasensis

Moura de Aguiar D, Pessoa Araújo Junior J, Nakazato L, Bard E, Aguilar-Bultet L, Vorimore F, et al.

Microorganisms, 2019 Nov 05;7(11).
PMID: 31694172 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110528

The genus Ehrlichia is composed of tick-borne obligate intracellular gram-negative alphaproteobacteria of the family Anaplasmataceae. Ehrlichia includes important pathogens affecting canids (E. canis, E. chaffeensis, and E. ewingii), rodents (E. muris), and ruminants (E. ruminantium). Ehrlichiaminasensis, an Ehrlichia closely related to E. canis, was initially reported in Canada and Brazil. This bacterium has now been reported in Pakistan, Malaysia, China, Ethiopia, South Africa, and the Mediterranean island of Corsica, suggesting that E. minasensis has a wide geographical distribution. Previously, E. minasensis was found to cause clinical ehrlichiosis in an experimentally infected calf. The type strain E. minasensis UFMG-EV was successfully isolated from Rhipicephalus microplus ticks and propagated in the tick embryonic cell line of Ixodes scapularis (IDE8). However, the isolation and propagation of E. minasensis strains from cattle has remained elusive. In this study, the E. minasensis strain Cuiabá was isolated from an eight-month-old male calf of Holstein breed that was naturally infected with the bacterium. The calf presented clinical signs and hematological parameters of bovine ehrlichiosis. The in vitro culture of the agent was established in the canine cell line DH82. Ehrlichial morulae were observed using light and electron microscopy within DH82 cells. Total DNA was extracted, and the full genome of the E. minasensis strain Cuiabá was sequenced. A core-genome-based phylogenetic tree of Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp. confirmed that E. minasensis is a sister taxa of E. canis. A comparison of functional categories among Ehrlichia showed that E. minasensis has significantly less genes in the 'clustering-based subsystems' category, which includes functionally coupled genes for which the functional attributes are not well understood. Results strongly suggest that E. minasensis is a novel pathogen infecting cattle. The epidemiology of this Ehrlichia deserves further attention because these bacteria could be an overlooked cause of tick-borne bovine ehrlichiosis, with a wide distribution.

Matched MeSH terms: Rodentia
The evolution of the pilocarpine animal model of status epilepticus

Ahmed Juvale II, Che Has AT

Heliyon, 2020 Jul;6(7):e04557.
PMID: 32775726 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04557

The pilocarpine animal model of status epilepticus is a well-established, clinically translatable model that satisfies all of the criteria essential for an animal model of status epilepticus: a latency period followed by spontaneous recurrent seizures, replication of behavioural, electrographic, metabolic, and neuropathological changes, as well as, pharmacoresistance to anti-epileptic drugs similar to that observed in human status epilepticus. However, this model is also characterized by high mortality rates and studies in recent years have also seen difficulties in seizure induction due to pilocarpine resistant animals. This can be attributed to differences in rodent strains, species, gender, and the presence of the multi-transporter, P-glycoprotein at the blood brain barrier. The current paper highlights the various alterations made to the original pilocarpine model over the years to combat both the high mortality and low induction rates. These range from the initial lithium-pilocarpine model to the more recent Reduced Intensity Status Epilepticus (RISE) model, which finally brought the mortality rates down to 1%. These modifications are essential to improve animal welfare and future experimental outcomes.

Matched MeSH terms: Rodentia
Fulltext Studies on animal schistosomes in Peninsular Malaysia: record of naturally infected animals and additional hosts of Schistosoma spindale

Inder Singh K, Krishnasamy M, Ambu S, Rasul R, Chong NL

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1997 Jun;28(2):303-7.
PMID: 9444010

Surveillance studies on cercarial dermatitis were carried out in paddy growing areas in Peninsular Malaysia. It was observed that dermatitis in paddy planters occurred in paddy fields which were cultivated using animals such as bafflos or fields where domestic animals were allowed to graze during the off planting season as these animals harbored the parasite. The causative agent of cercarial dermatitis was Schistosoma spindale. A total of 215 small mammals trapped from Alor Setar and 126 trapped from Labu were examined for the schistosome. In Alor Setar Bandicota indica, Rattus argentiventer and Rattus rattus diardii were the only wild mammals found to be infected with the parasite, while in the Labu areas only Rattus tiomanicus jalorensis was positive for the schistosome. The occurrence of S. spindale in R. argentiventer and R.r. diardii in Alor Setar and in R.t. jalorensis in Labu constitute new host and geographic distribution records of the schistosome.

Matched MeSH terms: Rodentia/parasitology
Pharmacological Effects of Melatonin as Neuroprotectant in Rodent Model: A Review on the Current Biological Evidence

Tan HY, Ng KY, Koh RY, Chye SM

Cell Mol Neurobiol, 2020 Jan;40(1):25-51.
PMID: 31435851 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00724-1

The progressive loss of structure and functions of neurons, including neuronal death, is one of the main factors leading to poor quality of life. Promotion of functional recovery of neuron after injury is a great challenge in neuroregenerative studies. Melatonin, a hormone is secreted by pineal gland and has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. Besides that, melatonin has high cell permeability and is able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Apart from that, there are no reported side effects associated with long-term usage of melatonin at both physiological and pharmacological doses. Thus, in this review article, we summarize the pharmacological effects of melatonin as neuroprotectant in central nervous system injury, ischemic-reperfusion injury, optic nerve injury, peripheral nerve injury, neurotmesis, axonotmesis, scar formation, cell degeneration, and apoptosis in rodent models.

Matched MeSH terms: Rodentia

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