Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 232 in total

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  1. Mahmud AH, Salahuddin NM, Md Jani AM, Abu Bakar NF, Zainal Abidin SAS, Mohd Zain Z, et al.
    Food Chem, 2023 Jun 15;411:135493.
    PMID: 36689871 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135493
    A voltammetric immunosensor was developed for detection of porcine serum albumin (PSA) to identify raw meat products adulterated with pork. A novel strategy to fabricate multiple individual nanoporous alumina (NPA) millirods (length, 5.0 mm; diameter, 1.0 mm) as the biorecognition platform is described. Each NPA millirod was covalently bioconjugated with anti-PSA capturing antibodies (α-PSAC). Following immunocapture, the PSA bound to the α-PSAC/NPA millirod bioconjugate were tagged with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with anti-PSA detection antibodies as the signaling probe. Subsequently, the AuNPs were voltammetrically analyzed to quantify the target PSA. The immunosensor exhibited 100 % specificity and high sensitivity to PSA with a limit of detection (LoD) of 50 (range, 0-1000) pg/mL (R2 = 0.9907). Real-world applicability was successfully validated using pork/beef adulterated mixtures with a LoD of 0.05 % (w/w). Overall, the detection performance of the proposed immunosensor was excellent and, thus, is suitable for surveillance of food safety and quality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serum Albumin
  2. Sristi, Fatima M, Sheikh A, Almalki WH, Talegaonkar S, Dubey SK, et al.
    J Drug Target, 2023 Jun;31(5):486-499.
    PMID: 37125741 DOI: 10.1080/1061186X.2023.2205609
    With the advancement of nanotechnology, many different forms of nanoparticles (NPs) are created, which specifically enhance anticancer drug delivery to tumour cells. Albumin bio-macromolecule is a flexible protein carrier for the delivery of drugs that is biodegradable, biocompatible, and non-toxic. As a result, it presents itself as an ideal material for developing nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery. Toxicological investigations demonstrated that this novel drug delivery technique is safe for use in the human population. Furthermore, drug compatibility with the albumin nanoparticle is remarkable. The robust structure of the nanoparticle, high drug encapsulation, and customisable drug release make it a promising carrier option for the treatment of lung cancer. In this review, we summarise human serum albumin and bovine serum albumin in the targeted delivery of anticancer drugs to lung cancer cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serum Albumin, Bovine/chemistry
  3. Khairul-Fahmy N, Ismail J, Koay BT, Md-Zakariah MZ, Mansor S, Zulkifli N, et al.
    BMC Nephrol, 2023 Feb 24;24(1):42.
    PMID: 36829106 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03085-6
    Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) still persists as the major hurdle towards successful renal allograft survival. This paper aims to report on the HLA antibody landscape of renal transplant candidates in Malaysia. A total of 2,219 adult samples from 2016 to 2019 were analysed for anti-HLA antibodies using solid-phase assay. Our findings highlight the prevalence and risk factors for antibodies against HLA antigens in renal transplant settings, which could be beneficial for selecting compatible recipients from deceased organ donors. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that ethnic Malay and Chinese showed significantly higher prevalence of anti-HLA antibodies. Based on our multivariate analysis: (i) female gender was associated with higher risk for panel reactive antibodies (PRAs) against Class I, Class II, and Class I and II (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Antilymphocyte Serum
  4. Rahman T, Khor BH, Sahathevan S, Kaur D, Latifi E, Afroz M, et al.
    Nutrients, 2022 Apr 01;14(7).
    PMID: 35406082 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071469
    Malnutrition is associated with high rates of mortality among patients with end stage kidney disease (ESKD). There is a paucity of data from Bangladesh, where around 35,000−40,000 people reach ESKD annually. We assessed protein-energy wasting (PEW) amongst 133 patients at a single hemodialysis setting in Dhaka. Patients were 49% male, age 50 ± 13 years, 62% were on twice-weekly hemodialysis. Anthropometric, biochemical, and laboratory evaluations revealed: BMI 24.1 ± 5.2 kg/m2, mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) 21.6 ± 3.6 cm, and serum albumin 3.7 ± 0.6 g/dL. Based on published criteria, 18% patients had PEW and for these patients, BMI (19.8 ± 2.4 vs. 25.2 ± 5.2 kg/m2), MAMC (19.4 ± 2.4 vs. 22.2 ± 3.8 cm), serum albumin (3.5 ± 0.7 vs. 3.8 ± 0.5 g/dL), and total cholesterol (135 ± 34 vs. 159 ± 40 mg/dL), were significantly lower as compared to non-PEW patients, while hand grip strength was similar (19.5 ± 7.6 vs. 19.7 ± 7.3 kg). Inflammatory C-reactive protein levels tended to be higher in the PEW group (20.0 ± 34.8 vs. 10.0 ± 13.9 p = 0.065). Lipoprotein analyses revealed PEW patients had significantly lower low density lipoprotein cholesterol (71 ± 29 vs. 88 ± 31 mg/dL, p < 0.05) and plasma triglyceride (132 ± 51 vs. 189 ± 103 mg/dL, p < 0.05), while high density lipoprotein cholesterol was similar. Nutritional assessments using a single 24 h recall were possible from 115 of the patients, but only 66 of these were acceptable reporters. Amongst these, while no major differences were noted between PEW and non-PEW patients, the majority of patients did not meet dietary recommendations for energy, protein, fiber, and several micronutrients (in some cases intakes were 60−90% below recommendations). Malnutrition Inflammation Scores were significantly higher in PEW patients (7.6 ± 3.1 vs. 5.3 ± 2.7 p < 0.004). No discernible differences were apparent in measured parameters between patients on twice- vs. thrice-weekly dialysis. Data from a larger cohort are needed prior to establishing patient-management guidelines for PEW in this population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serum Albumin/metabolism
  5. Sahu G, Banerjee A, Samanta R, Mohanty M, Lima S, Tiekink ERT, et al.
    Inorg Chem, 2021 Oct 18;60(20):15291-15309.
    PMID: 34597028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01899
    Five new anionic aqueous dioxidovanadium(V) complexes, [{VO2L1,2}A(H2O)n]α (1-5), with the aroylhydrazone ligands pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazide (H2L1) and furan-2-carboxylic acid (3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazide (H2L2) incorporating different alkali metals (A = Na+, K+, Cs+) as countercation were synthesized and characterized by various physicochemical techniques. The solution-phase stabilities of 1-5 were determined by time-dependent NMR and UV-vis, and also the octanol/water partition coefficients were obtained by spectroscopic techniques. X-ray crystallography of 2-4 confirmed the presence of vanadium(V) centers coordinated by two cis-oxido-O atoms and the O, N, and O atoms of a dianionic tridentate ligand. To evaluate the biological behavior, all complexes were screened for their DNA/protein binding propensity through spectroscopic experiments. Finally, a cytotoxicity study of 1-5 was performed against colon (HT-29), breast (MCF-7), and cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines and a noncancerous NIH-3T3 cell line. The cytotoxicity was cell-selective, being more active against HT-29 than against other cells. In addition, the role of hydrophobicity in the cytotoxicity was explained in that an optimal hydrophobicity is essential for high cytotoxicity. Moreover, the results of wound-healing assays indicated antimigration in case of HT-29 cells. Remarkably, 1 with an IC50 value of 5.42 ± 0.15 μM showed greater activity in comparison to cisplatin against the HT-29 cell line.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serum Albumin, Bovine/chemistry*
  6. Iqbal MO, Yahya EB
    Tissue Cell, 2021 Oct;72:101525.
    PMID: 33780659 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101525
    Aminoglycoside antibiotics are widely employed clinically due to their powerful bactericidal activities, less bacterial resistance compared to beta lactam group and low cost. However, their use has been limited in recent years due to their potential induction of nephrotoxicity. Here we investigate the possibility of reversing nephrotoxicity caused by gentamicin in rat models by using ethanolic crude extract of the medicinal plant Jatropha Mollissima. Nephrotoxic male Wistar rats was obtained by gentamicin antibiotic, which then treated with two doses of J. mollissima crude extract for 3 weeks with monitoring their parameter in weekly base. Our results indicate that J. mollissima crude extract at both doses has strong protection ability against gentamicin nephrotoxicity, most of tested parameters backed to normal values after few days from the administration of the crude extract, which could be due to the antagonized the biochemical action of gentamicin on the proximal tubules of the kidney. The results of histopathologic analysis showed observable improvement in J. mollissima treated groups compared with untreated groups. Our findings suggests the J. mollissima has exceptional nephron protection potentials able to reverse the nephrotoxicity caused by gentamicin antibiotic.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serum Albumin/metabolism
  7. Cheng TH, Sankaran R, Show PL, Ooi CW, Liu BL, Chai WS, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2021 Aug 31;185:761-772.
    PMID: 34216668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.177
    Cylinder-shaped NaY zeolite was used as an adsorbent for eradicating both heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, and Co2+) and proteins from the waste streams. As a pseudo-metal ion affinity adsorbent, NaY zeolite was used in the capture of heavy metal ions in the first stage. The amount (molar basis) of metal ions adsorbed onto NaY zeolite decreased in the order of Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Co2+ > Ni2+. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was utilized as a model of proteins used in the waste adsorption process by NaY zeolite. The adsorption capacities of NaY zeolite and Cu/NaY zeolite for BSA were 14.90 mg BSA/g zeolite and 84.61 mg BSA/g zeolite, respectively. Moreover, Cu/NaY zeolite was highly stable in the solutions made of 2 M NaCl, 500 mM imidazole or 125 mM EDTA solutions. These conditions indicated that the minimal probability of secondary contamination caused by metal ions and soluble proteins in the waste stream. This study demonstrates the potential of Cu/NaY zeolite complex as an efficient pseudo-metal chelate adsorbent that could remove metal ions and water-soluble proteins from wastewater concurrently.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serum Albumin, Bovine/analysis*
  8. Tan CMJ, Lewandowski AJ, Williamson W, Huckstep OJ, Yu GZ, Fischer R, et al.
    J Am Heart Assoc, 2021 Aug 03;10(15):e021119.
    PMID: 34275329 DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.121.021119
    Background A subpopulation of endothelial progenitor cells called endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) may offer a platform for cellular assessment in clinical studies because of their remarkable angiogenic and expansion potentials in vitro. Despite endothelial cell function being influenced by cardiovascular risk factors, no studies have yet provided a comprehensive proteomic profile to distinguish functional (ie, more angiogenic and expansive cells) versus dysfunctional circulating ECFCs of young adults. The aim of this study was to provide a detailed proteomic comparison between functional and dysfunctional ECFCs. Methods and Results Peripheral blood ECFCs were isolated from 11 subjects (45% men, aged 27±5 years) using Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. ECFCs expressed endothelial and progenitor surface markers and displayed cobblestone-patterned morphology with clonal and angiogenic capacities in vitro. ECFCs were deemed dysfunctional if <1 closed tube formed during the in vitro tube formation assay and proliferation rate was <20%. Hierarchical functional clustering revealed distinct ECFC proteomic signatures between functional and dysfunctional ECFCs with changes in cellular mechanisms involved in exocytosis, vesicle transport, extracellular matrix organization, cell metabolism, and apoptosis. Targeted antiangiogenic proteins in dysfunctional ECFCs included SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine), CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36), LUM (lumican), and PTX3 (pentraxin-related protein PYX3). Conclusions Circulating ECFCs with impaired angiogenesis and expansion capacities have a distinct proteomic profile and significant phenotype changes compared with highly angiogenic endothelial cells. Impaired angiogenesis in dysfunctional ECFCs may underlie the link between endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease risks in young adults.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serum Amyloid P-Component/analysis
  9. Islam MT, Quispe C, Islam MA, Ali ES, Saha S, Asha UH, et al.
    Biomed Pharmacother, 2021 Aug;140:111732.
    PMID: 34130201 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111732
    Nerol, a monoterpene is evident to possess diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-spasmodic, anthelmintic, and anti-arrhythmias. This study aims to evaluate its hepatoprotective effect against paracetamol-induced liver toxicity in a rat model. Five groups of rats (n = 7) were orally treated (once daily) with 0.05% tween 80 dissolved in 0.9% NaCl solution (vehicle), paracetamol 640 mg/kg (negative control), 50 mg/kg silymarin (positive control), or nerol (50 and 100 mg/kg) for 14 days, followed by the hepatotoxicity induction using paracetamol (PCM). The blood samples and livers of the animals were collected and subjected to biochemical and microscopical analysis. The histological findings suggest that paracetamol caused lymphocyte infiltration and marked necrosis, whereas maintenance of the normal hepatic structural was observed in group pre-treated with silymarin and nerol. The rats pre-treated with nerol significantly and dose-dependently reduced the hepatotoxic markers in animals. Nerol at 100 mg/kg significantly reversed the paracetamol-induced altered situations, including the liver enzymes, plasma proteins, antioxidant enzymes and serum bilirubin, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and cholesterol [e.g., total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c)] levels in animals. Taken together, nerol exerted significant hepatoprotective activity in rats in a dose-dependent manner. PCM-induced toxicity and nerol induced hepatoprotective effects based on expression of inflammatory and apoptosis factors will be future line of work for establishing the precise mechanism of action of nerol in Wistar albino rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serum Albumin/analysis
  10. Gupta M, Gulati M, Kapoor B, Kumar B, Kumar R, Kumar R, et al.
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2021 Jul 15;275:114115.
    PMID: 33852947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114115
    ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Elaeagnus conferta Roxb. (Elaeagnaceae) is a subtropical shrub mainly native to India, Vietnam, Malaysia and South China, whose various parts are used for treatment of diabetes, gastric ulcers, pain, oxidative stress and pulmonary disorders. Though the other parts of the plant have been reported for their ethnic use i.e. fruits as astringent locally and for cancer systemically, leaves for body pain and flowers for pain in chest and the seeds are mentioned as edible, there is no report per se on the medicinal use of seeds. Based on the fact that seeds of closely resembling species i.e. Elaeagnus rhamnoides has demonstrated significant anti-gastroulcerative property, the probability of the seeds of E. conferta possessing similar activity seemed quite significant.

    AIM OF THE STUDY: Phytochemical investigation and assessment of pharmacological mechanism(s) involved in anti-ulcer effect of methanolic extract of the seeds of E. conferta.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bioactive phytoconstituents were isolated by column chromatography. These were identified by spectroscopic techniques including infrared (IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry. Methanolic extract (MEC) of the seeds was prepared by cold maceration and its anti-ulcerogenic potential was evaluated using indomethacin (50 mg/kg) and water immersion stress models in male rats. The animals were pre-treated with different doses of MEC (400 and 800 mg/kg) and the therapeutic effect was compared with standard drug i.e. ranitidine (RANT; 50 mg/kg). The ameliorative effects of MEC were investigated on gastric juice pH, total acidity, free acidity and ulcer index. The assays of malionaldehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and pro-inflammatory cytokines i.e. interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were carried out to find out the possible mechanism(s) of protection. Further, histopathological changes were also studied.

    RESULTS: Chromatography studies and further confirmation by spectroscopic techniques revealed the presence of four different compounds in MEC i.e oleic acid (1), stearic acid (2), ascorbic acid (3) and quercetin (4). MEC exhibited anti-ulcerogenic effect in dose dependent manner which may be attributed to suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) and MDA (112.7%), and up-regulation of protective factors such as CAT (90.48%), SOD (92.77%) and GSH (90.01%). Ulcer inhibition, reduction in total and free acidity and increase in gastric juice pH were observed in MEC treated rats as compared to disease control animals. Histopathological findings confirmed decreased cell infiltration, less epithelial cell damage and regeneration of gastric mucosa in dose dependent manner.

    CONCLUSIONS: The anti-ulcer effect of MEC may be attributed to its ability to scavenge free radicals and anti-inflammatory property via suppression of TNF-α and IL-6, thus offers a complete and holistic approach for management of peptic ulcer.

    Matched MeSH terms: Serum/chemistry
  11. Mohd Amin AT, Zaki RA, Friedmacher F, Sharif SP
    Pediatr Surg Int, 2021 Jul;37(7):881-886.
    PMID: 33779823 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-021-04879-1
    PURPOSE: The role of hypoalbuminemia and raised C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in predicting critical prognosis has been described extensively in adult literature. However, there are limited studies in pediatrics, particularly neonates. The CRP/albumin (CRP/ALB) ratio is often associated with higher mortality, organ failure and prolonged hospital stay. We hypothesized that the serum CRP/ALB ratio has a prognostic value in predicting surgery and mortality in neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

    METHODS: Retrospective review of all neonates with clinical and radiological evidence of non-perforated NEC that were treated in a tertiary-level referral hospital between 2009 and 2018. General patient demographics, laboratory parameters and outcomes were recorded. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was performed to evaluated optimal cut-offs and area under the curve (AUC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

    RESULTS: A total of 191 neonates were identified. Of these, 103 (53.9%) were born at ≤ 28 weeks of gestation and 101 (52.9%) had a birth weight of ≤ 1000 g. Eighty-four (44.0%) patients underwent surgical intervention for NEC. The overall survival rate was 161/191 (84.3%). A CRP/ALB ratio of ≥ 3 on day 2 of NEC diagnosis was associated with a statistically significant higher likelihood for surgery [AUC 0.71 (95% CI 0.63-0.79); p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Serum Albumin/metabolism*
  12. Chua P, Lim WK
    Sci Rep, 2021 04 14;11(1):8096.
    PMID: 33854099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87431-4
    Stroke causes death and disability globally but no neuroprotectant is approved for post-stroke neuronal injury. Neuroprotective compounds can be identified using oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) of neuronal cells as an in vitro stroke model. Nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated PC12 pheochromocytoma cells are frequently used. However, investigators often find their clonal variant undifferentiable and are uncertain of optimal culture conditions. Hence we studied 3 commonly used PC12 variants: PC12 Adh, PC12 from Riken Cell Bank (PC12 Riken) and Neuroscreen-1 (NS-1) cells. We found DMEM the optimal media for PC12 Riken and NS-1 cells. Using a novel serum-free media approach, we identified collagen IV as the preferred adhesive substrate for both cell lines. We found PC12 Adh cells cannot attach without serum and is unable to differentiate using NGF. NS-1 cells differentiated to a maximal 72.7 ± 5.2% %, with substantial basal differentiation. We optimised differentiated NS-1 cells for an in vitro stroke model using 3 h of OGD resulting in ~ 70% viable cells. We screened 5 reported neuroprotectants and provide the first report that serotonin is antiapoptotic in a stroke model and the 5-HT1A agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) is neuroprotective in PC12 cells. Thus we demonstrate the optimisation and validation for a PC12 cell-based in vitro stroke model.
    Matched MeSH terms: Culture Media, Serum-Free/chemistry
  13. Wan Ikhsan SN, Yusof N, Mat Nawi NI, Bilad MR, Shamsuddin N, Aziz F, et al.
    Polymers (Basel), 2021 Jan 30;13(3).
    PMID: 33573140 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030441
    Membrane filtration is an attractive process in water and wastewater treatment, but largely restricted by membrane fouling. In this study, the membrane fouling issue is addressed by developing polyethersulfone (PES)-based mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) with the incorporation of hydrophilic nanoparticles as an additive. Ultrafiltration MMMs were successfully fabricated by incorporating different loadings of halloysite nanotube-ferrihydrates (HNT-HFO) into a polyethersulfone (PES) matrix and their performance was evaluated for the separation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and oil/water emulsion. The results show that wettability is endowed to the membrane by introducing the additive aided by the presence of abundant -OH groups from the HFO. The loading of additive also leads to more heterogeneous surface morphology and higher pure water fluxes (516.33-640.82 L/m2h) more than twice that of the pristine membrane as reference (34.69 L/m2h) without affecting the rejection. The MMMs also provide much enhanced antifouling properties. The filtration results indicate that the flux recovery ratio of the modified membrane reached 100% by washing with only distilled water and a total flux recovery ratio of >98% ± 0.0471 for HNT-HFO-loaded membranes in comparison with 59% ± 0.0169 for pristine PES membrane.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serum Albumin, Bovine
  14. Liau LL, Hassan MNFB, Tang YL, Ng MH, Law JX
    Int J Mol Sci, 2021 Jan 28;22(3).
    PMID: 33525349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031269
    Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that affects a lot of people worldwide. Current treatment for OA mainly focuses on halting or slowing down the disease progress and to improve the patient's quality of life and functionality. Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is a new treatment modality with the potential to promote regeneration of worn cartilage. Traditionally, foetal bovine serum (FBS) is used to expand the chondrocytes. However, the use of FBS is not ideal for the expansion of cells mean for clinical applications as it possesses the risk of animal pathogen transmission and animal protein transfer to host. Human platelet lysate (HPL) appears to be a suitable alternative to FBS as it is rich in biological factors that enhance cell proliferation. Thus far, HPL has been found to be superior in promoting chondrocyte proliferation compared to FBS. However, both HPL and FBS cannot prevent chondrocyte dedifferentiation. Discrepant results have been reported for the maintenance of chondrocyte redifferentiation potential by HPL. These differences are likely due to the diversity in the HPL preparation methods. In the future, more studies on HPL need to be performed to develop a standardized technique which is capable of producing HPL that can maintain the chondrocyte redifferentiation potential reproducibly. This review discusses the in vitro expansion of chondrocytes with FBS and HPL, focusing on its capability to promote the proliferation and maintain the chondrogenic characteristics of chondrocytes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serum Albumin, Bovine/isolation & purification; Serum Albumin, Bovine/pharmacology*
  15. Abubakar AA, Zulkifli I, Goh YM, Kaka U, Sabow AB, Imlan JC, et al.
    Foods, 2021 Jan 26;10(2).
    PMID: 33530479 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020252
    This study's objective was to evaluate the effects of distance and stocking density on physicochemical properties and oxidative stability of meat and acute-phase proteins in Brahman crossbred cattle transported by road under hot and humid tropical conditions. Sixty Brahman crossbred heifers were subjected to road transport from a cattle feedlot farm located in Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, to a commercial ruminant abattoir in Shah Alam, Selangor. Animals were assigned to long and short distances and high, medium, and low stocking densities. The results revealed that the intensity of response significantly increased in meat samples from animals subjected to long-distance transportation and higher stocking density. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein and serum amyloid-A values increased considerably and were different from the baseline values recorded at preload. In conclusion, the current results revealed that the color, pH, shear force values, water holding capacity (WHC), glycogen level, and malondilaldehyde assay (MDA) concentrations in meat and acute-phase proteins (APP) were affected by both distances and stocking densities, as evidenced by the significant changes recorded from the parameters above.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serum Amyloid A Protein
  16. Jummaat F, Adnan AS, Ab Hamid SA, Hor JN, Nik Mustofar NN, Muhammad Asri NA, et al.
    J Obstet Gynaecol, 2021 Jan;41(1):38-43.
    PMID: 33124936 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2019.1679731
    Preeclampsia patients have frequently been found to experience hyperuricaemia and this may result in poor outcomes compared to those with normal uric acid levels. This study aimed to determine the relationship of hyperuricaemia in pre-eclampsia patients with foetal and maternal outcomes. This prospective cohort study involved 79 patients in a tertiary centre from year 2016 to 2018. Blood samples were taken antenatally and at the 6th week, post-delivery for renal function including serum uric acid level. Our findings indicate that there was a higher incidence of poor maternal and foetal outcomes in the hyperuricaemia group than the normal uric acid group. Serum uric acid has been shown to be a significant predictor for low birth weight and premature delivery in preeclampsia patients. It was also found that there was a significant negative correlation between uric acid level and antenatal creatinine clearance (rs = -0.338, p = .002). The assessment of the serum uric acid level seems to be important to ensure better outcomes in patients with preeclampsia.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy-related complication and remains as one of the most important cause of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality, affecting 2-8% in all pregnancy. Many studies have established the association between hyperuricaemia and preeclampsia. Besides, numerous studies have found that hyperuricaemia contributed to adverse maternal and foetal outcomes.What the results of this study add? There was a significant increase in adverse foetal and maternal outcomes in the hyperuricaemia group compared to the normal uric acid group. This study revealed that serum uric acid remains a significant predictor for low birth weight and premature delivery in preeclampsia patients.What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Hyperuricaemia does not merely become an indicator for the severity of disease in preeclampsia patients but also indicates adverse foetal outcomes. Large population-based studies are required to establish the absolute maternal and foetal outcomes in patients with hyperuricaemia. Besides, further studies are recommended on long-term implication of hyperuricaemia which is not limited to only during antenatal period.
    Matched MeSH terms: Maternal Serum Screening Tests
  17. Said N, Khoo YS, Lau WJ, Gürsoy M, Karaman M, Ting TM, et al.
    Membranes (Basel), 2020 Dec 07;10(12).
    PMID: 33297433 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10120401
    In this work, several ultrafiltration (UF) membranes with enhanced antifouling properties were fabricated using a rapid and green surface modification method that was based on the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Two types of hydrophilic monomers-acrylic acid (AA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were, respectively, deposited on the surface of a commercial UF membrane and the effects of plasma deposition time (i.e., 15 s, 30 s, 60 s, and 90 s) on the surface properties of the membrane were investigated. The modified membranes were then subjected to filtration using 2000 mg/L pepsin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) solutions as feed. Microscopic and spectroscopic analyses confirmed the successful deposition of AA and HEMA on the membrane surface and the decrease in water contact angle with increasing plasma deposition time strongly indicated the increase in surface hydrophilicity due to the considerable enrichment of the hydrophilic segment of AA and HEMA on the membrane surface. However, a prolonged plasma deposition time (>15 s) should be avoided as it led to the formation of a thicker coating layer that significantly reduced the membrane pure water flux with no significant change in the solute rejection rate. Upon 15-s plasma deposition, the AA-modified membrane recorded the pepsin and BSA rejections of 83.9% and 97.5%, respectively, while the HEMA-modified membrane rejected at least 98.5% for both pepsin and BSA. Compared to the control membrane, the AA-modified and HEMA-modified membranes also showed a lower degree of flux decline and better flux recovery rate (>90%), suggesting that the membrane antifouling properties were improved and most of the fouling was reversible and could be removed via simple water cleaning process. We demonstrated in this work that the PECVD technique is a promising surface modification method that could be employed to rapidly improve membrane surface hydrophilicity (15 s) for the enhanced protein purification process without using any organic solvent during the plasma modification process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serum Albumin, Bovine
  18. Sharif SP, Friedmacher F, Amin A, Zaki RA, Hird MF, Khashu M, et al.
    J Pediatr Surg, 2020 Dec;55(12):2625-2629.
    PMID: 32771214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.07.003
    PURPOSE: To investigate whether serum albumin (SA) concentration can predict the need for surgical intervention in neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

    METHODS: Retrospective review of all cases with NEC Bell's stage 2 and 3 that were treated in a single center between 2009 and 2015. Data on patient demographics, clinical parameters, laboratory findings and surgical status were recorded. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was used to evaluate optimal cutoffs and predictive values.

    RESULTS: Overall, 151 neonates with NEC were identified. Of these, 132 (87.4%) had confirmed NEC Bell's stage 2. The median gestational age was 28.4 (range, 23.1-39.0) weeks and 69 (52.3%) had a birth weight of ≤1000 g. Sixty-eight (51.5%) underwent surgery, showing a sustained reduction in SA over time with significantly lower median SA levels compared to 64 (48.5%) cases that responded well to medical treatment (18.3 ± 3.7 g/L vs. 26.0 ± 2.0 g/L; P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Serum Albumin
  19. Mohd Ariffin ZA, Jamaluddin FA
    Malays J Pathol, 2020 Dec;42(3):395-400.
    PMID: 33361720
    INTRODUCTION: One commonly used equation which continues to be widely mentioned in text books and hence familiar to clinical people is total calcium + 0.02 (40 - albumin). This equation was derived using cresophthalein complexone and bromocresol green (BCG) methods for measuring serum total calcium and serum albumin respectively. However this equation maybe invalid when applied to calcium and albumin results generated by alternative assays. Hence we aim to derive an albumin-adjusted calcium equation specific to our laboratory's total calcium and albumin methodologies.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 3,175 adult University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) patients deemed free of any calcium metabolism disorders were selected and divided into two groups for derivation and validation. Simple linear regression associating total calcium and albumin was constructed from the data in the derivation group. The new albumin-adjusted calcium equation was validated in the validation group. Differences in calcium status classification following adjustments based on existing and new albumin-adjusted calcium equation was compared in a 469 hypoalbuminaemic patients.

    RESULT: The new albumin adjusted calcium equation was: total calcium + 0.014 x (39-albumin). Of the 469 hypoalbuminemic patients, 78 were classified differently based on new equation. Based on the new equation, 55 normocalcemic patients were classified as hypocalcemic and 22 were classified as normocalcemic instead of hyperclacaemic.

    CONCLUSION: Based on the newly derived albuminadjusted calcium equation 17% of patients had different adjusted calcium classifications. This could potentially impact in the management. It is recommended that laboratories derive equations specific to their calcium/albumin methods and analytical platforms.

    Matched MeSH terms: Serum Albumin/analysis*
  20. Wong SF, Low KH, Khor SM
    Talanta, 2020 Oct 01;218:121169.
    PMID: 32797922 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121169
    Food contamination is a serious concern because of a high level of chemicals in food causes severe health issues. Safeguarding the public from the risk of adulterated foods has become a challenging mission. Chloropropanols are of importance to food safety and food security because they are common chemical food contaminants and believed to be carcinogenic to humans. In chemical sensing, chloropropanols are challenging analytes owing to the lacking diversity of functional groups and difficulty in targeting the hydroxyl group in aqueous environments. Moreover, because of their small molecular size, the compositions of chloropropanols remain challenging for achieving chromatographic determination. Herein, to simulate human smell and taste sensations, serum albumins, which are protein-based receptors, were introduced as low-selective receptors for differential sensing. Utilizing serum albumins, a fluorophore (PRODAN), and an additive (ascorbic acid), a differential-based optical biosensor array was developed to detect and differentiate chloropropanols. By integrating the sensor array with linear discriminant analysis (LDA), four chloropropanols were effectively differentiated based on their isomerism properties and the number of the hydroxyl groups, even at ultra-low concentration (5 nM). This concentration is far below the maximum tolerable level of 0.18 μM for chloropropanols. The sensing array was then employed for chloropropanols differentiation and quantification in the complex mixtures (e.g., synthetic soy and dark soy sauces). Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) analysis demonstrated 100% accurate classification for all tests. These results signify our differential sensing array as a practical and powerful tool to speedily identify, differentiate, and even quantify chloropropanols in food matrices.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serum Albumin
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