Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 611 in total

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  1. Quek KF, Loh CS, Low WY, Razack AH
    World J Urol, 2001 Nov;19(5):358-64.
    PMID: 11760785
    The aim of this study was to determine the effects of surgical treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in a Malaysian population by evaluating the quality of life before and after treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Severity of Illness Index
  2. Gul YA, Prasannan S, Jabar FM, Shaker AR, Moissinac K
    World J Surg, 2002 Dec;26(12):1499-502.
    PMID: 12297939 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-002-6529-8
    Endoscopic thermal therapy and formalin are being increasingly recommended for the treatment of chronic hemorrhagic radiation proctitis. It may be too early, however, to discard pharmacologic agents from the management process, especially in medical institutions where specialized equipment is unavailable. We prospectively assessed the effectiveness of medical therapy in 14 consecutive patients with chronic hemorrhagic radiation proctitis from July 1999 to June 2001. All 14 subjects were women (mean age 56 years), 13 of whom had had radiotherapy for cancer of the cervix. The median time to onset of symptoms following irradiation was 16 months. Six patients had a hemoglobin level of < 8 g/dl, and blood transfusion was required in 11 patients. In five patients (36%) initially treated with hydrocortisone enemas prior to referral, this treatment continued; and the remaining nine patients were commenced on sucralfate enemas. Two patients given rectal hydrocortisone continued to bleed and were treated with sucralfate enemas and topical formalin, respectively. Rectal sucralfate suspension effectively procured symptomatic alleviation in all 11 patients. Rectal bleeding recurred in two patients who had been managed exclusively with hydrocortisone and sucralfate enemas, respectively, over a mean follow-up of 6 months. Both patients were managed with topical formalin, which controlled their symptoms. Even though the number of subjects in this study is small, sucralfate enema can be recommended as an effective first-line agent for managing patients with chronic hemorrhagic radiation proctitis. The use of more specialized therapy can therefore be reserved for cases where primary treatment failure occurs with sucralfate therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Severity of Illness Index
  3. Hasniah AL, Jamalludin AR, Norrashidah AW, Norzila MZ, Asiah K, Anida AR, et al.
    World J Pediatr, 2012 Feb;8(1):38-42.
    PMID: 22105571 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-011-0279-3
    Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is common but often underdiagnosed in children. The Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire developed by University of Michigan, USA (English UM PSQ) has high sensitivity and specificity in identifying children with sleep-disordered breathing. This study aimed to translate and adapt the English UM PSQ into Malay language as a screening tool to assess SDB among the Malay speaking population. The second objective was to determine the psychometric measurements of the translated UM PSQ (Malay UM PSQ).
    Matched MeSH terms: Severity of Illness Index
  4. Leung AKC, Barankin B, Leong KF
    World J Pediatr, 2018 04;14(2):116-120.
    PMID: 29508362 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-018-0150-x
    BACKGROUND: Staphylococcal-scalded skin syndrome (SSSS), also known as Ritter disease, is a potentially life-threatening disorder and a pediatric emergency. Early diagnosis and treatment is imperative to reduce the morbidity and mortality of this condition. The purpose of this article is to familiarize physicians with the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of SSSS.

    DATA SOURCES: A PubMed search was completed in Clinical Queries using the key terms "Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome" and "Ritter disease".

    RESULTS: SSSS is caused by toxigenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Hydrolysis of the amino-terminal extracellular domain of desmoglein 1 by staphylococcal exfoliative toxins results in disruption of keratinocytes adhesion and cleavage within the stratum granulosum which leads to bulla formation. The diagnosis is mainly clinical, based on the findings of tender erythroderma, bullae, and desquamation with a scalded appearance especially in friction zones, periorificial scabs/crusting, positive Nikolsky sign, and absence of mucosal involvement. Prompt empiric treatment with intravenous anti-staphylococcal antibiotic such as nafcillin, oxacillin, or flucloxacillin is essential until cultures are available to guide therapy. Clarithromycin or cefuroxime may be used should the patient have penicillin allergy. If the patient is not improving, critically ill, or in communities where the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus is high, vancomycin should be used.

    CONCLUSION: A high index of suspicion is essential for an accurate diagnosis to be made and treatment promptly initiated.

    Matched MeSH terms: Severity of Illness Index
  5. Pitisuttithum P, Chan WK, Goh GB, Fan JG, Song MJ, Charatcharoenwitthaya P, et al.
    World J Gastroenterol, 2020 May 21;26(19):2416-2426.
    PMID: 32476802 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i19.2416
    BACKGROUND: Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population.

    AIM: To identify the association of baseline GGT level and QRISK2 score among patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

    METHODS: This was a retrospective study involving 1535 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients from 10 Asian centers in 8 countries using data collected by the Gut and Obesity in Asia (referred to as "GO ASIA") workgroup. All patients with available baseline GGT levels and all 16 variables for the QRISK2 calculation (QRISK2-2017; developed by researchers at the United Kingdom National Health Service; https://qrisk.org/2017/; 10-year cardiovascular risk estimation) were included and compared to healthy controls with the same age, sex, and ethnicity. Relative risk was reported. QRISK2 score > 10% was defined as the high-CVD-risk group. Fibrosis stages 3 and 4 (F3 and F4) were considered advanced fibrosis.

    RESULTS: A total of 1122 patients (73%) had complete data and were included in the final analysis; 314 (28%) had advanced fibrosis. The median age (interquartile range [IQR]) of the study population was 53 (44-60) years, 532 (47.4%) were females, and 492 (43.9%) were of Chinese ethnicity. The median 10-year CVD risk (IQR) was 5.9% (2.6-10.9), and the median relative risk of CVD over 10 years (IQR) was 1.65 (1.13-2.2) compared to healthy individuals with the same age, sex, and ethnicity. The high-CVD-risk group was significantly older than the low-risk group (median [IQR]: 63 [59-67] vs 49 [41-55] years; P < 0.001). Higher fibrosis stages in biopsy-proven NAFLD patients brought a significantly higher CVD risk (P < 0.001). Median GGT level was not different between the two groups (GGT [U/L]: Median [IQR], high risk 60 [37-113] vs low risk 66 [38-103], P = 0.56). There was no correlation between baseline GGT level and 10-year CVD risk based on the QRISK2 score (r = 0.02).

    CONCLUSION: The CVD risk of NAFLD patients is higher than that of healthy individuals. Baseline GGT level cannot predict CVD risk in NAFLD patients. However, advanced fibrosis is a predictor of a high CVD risk.

    Matched MeSH terms: Severity of Illness Index
  6. Hasani WSR, Ganapathy SS, Lin CZ, Rifin HM, Bahari MN, Ghazali MH, et al.
    Western Pac Surveill Response J, 2021 02 16;12(1):46-52.
    PMID: 34094624 DOI: 10.5365/wpsar.2020.11.3.007
    Background: Pre-existing comorbidities can predict severe disease requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission among COVID-19 cases. We compared comorbidities, clinical features and other predictive factors between COVID-19 patients requiring ICU admission for intubation/mechanical ventilation and all other COVID-19 cases in Selangor, Malaysia.

    Method: Field data collected during the COVID-19 outbreak in Selangor, Malaysia, up to 13 April 2020 were used, comprising socio-demographic characteristics, comorbidities and presenting symptoms of COVID-19 cases. ICU admission was determined from medical records. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with ICU admission requiring intubation/mechanical ventilation among COVID-19 cases.

    Results: A total of 1287 COVID-19-positive cases were included for analysis. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (15.5%) and diabetes (11.0%). More than one third of cases presented with fever (43.8%) or cough (37.1%). Of the 25 cases that required intubation/mechanical ventilation, 68.0% had hypertension, 88.0% had fever, 40.0% had dyspnoea and 44.0% were lethargic. Multivariate regression showed that cases that required intubation/mechanical ventilation had significantly higher odds of being older (aged 360 years) [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.9] and having hypertension (aOR = 5.7), fever (aOR = 9.8), dyspnoea (aOR = 9.6) or lethargy (aOR = 7.9) than cases that did not require intubation/mechanical ventilation.

    Conclusion: The COVID-19 cases in Selangor, Malaysia requiring intubation/mechanical ventilation were significantly older, with a higher proportion of hypertension and symptoms of fever, dyspnoea and lethargy. These risk factors have been reported previously for severe COVID-19 cases, and highlight the role that ageing and underlying comorbidities play in severe outcomes to respiratory disease.

    Matched MeSH terms: Severity of Illness Index*
  7. Oong XY, Chook JB, Ng KT, Chow WZ, Chan KG, Hanafi NS, et al.
    Virol J, 2018 05 23;15(1):91.
    PMID: 29792212 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1005-8
    BACKGROUND: Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is established as one of the causative agents of respiratory tract infections. To date, there are limited reports that describe the effect of HMPV genotypes and/or viral load on disease pathogenesis in adults. This study aims to determine the role of HMPV genetic diversity and nasopharyngeal viral load on symptom severity in outpatient adults with acute respiratory tract infections.
    METHODS: Severity of common cold symptoms of patients from a teaching hospital was assessed by a four-category scale and summed to obtain the total symptom severity score (TSSS). Association between the fusion and glycoprotein genes diversity, viral load (quantified using an improved RT-qPCR assay), and symptom severity were analyzed using bivariate and linear regression analyses.
    RESULTS: Among 81/3706 HMPV-positive patients, there were no significant differences in terms of demographics, number of days elapsed between symptom onset and clinic visit, respiratory symptoms manifestation and severity between different HMPV genotypes/sub-lineages. Surprisingly, elderly patients (≥65 years old) had lower severity of symptoms (indicated by TSSS) than young and middle age adults (p = 0.008). Nasopharyngeal viral load did not correlate with nor predict symptom severity of HMPV infection. Interestingly, at 3-5 days after symptom onset, genotype A-infected patients had higher viral load compared to genotype B (4.4 vs. 3.3 log10 RNA copies/μl) (p = 0.003).
    CONCLUSIONS: Overall, HMPV genetic diversity and viral load did not impact symptom severity in adults with acute respiratory tract infections. Differences in viral load dynamics over time between genotypes may have important implications on viral transmission.
    Study site: Primary Care Clinic, University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Severity of Illness Index
  8. Azmi S, Goh A, Muhammad NA, Tohid H, Rashid MRA
    Value Health Reg Issues, 2018 May;15:42-49.
    PMID: 29474177 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2017.06.002
    BACKGROUND: Anemia is common among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and an independent risk factor for renal disease progression. Health economic evidence is important in Malaysia and yet cost and quality-of-life (QOL) data are scarce.

    OBJECTIVES: To investigate prevalence, factors associated with anemia, and cost and QOL among T2DM patients with CKD. Here, we present the estimated 1-year cost and QOL related to anemia in this group.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional, observational study was performed at 20 government clinics. Treatment cost was calculated on the basis of resource utilization ascertained through data extracted from medical records and patient recall. QOL was elicited using the short form 36 health survey version 2 questionnaire. Propensity score matching was performed and costs and QOL were analyzed by anemia status and CKD stage.

    RESULTS: Data for 816 patients were obtained. The propensity score matching enabled a comparison of 257 patients with and without anemia. Annual treatment costs were significantly higher for patients with anemia (Ringgit Malaysia [RM] 4219 [US $983] vs. RM2705 [US $630]; P = 0.01). QOL scores were lower for patients with anemia but not statistically significant (physical component summary score: 44.8 vs. 46.2; P = 0.052; mental component summary score: 51.3 vs. 51.7; P = 0.562). Costs were higher and QOL lower among CKD stage 5 patients.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study was the first to examine anemia in this group of patients. Costs were significantly higher among anemic patients compared with nonanemic patients; patients with higher CKD stage 5 fared less well than did those in lower stages. This information suggests the need to increase detection, prevention, and early treatment of anemia when managing T2DM patients, particularly those with CKD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Severity of Illness Index
  9. Kongpakwattana K, Dejthevaporn C, Krairit O, Dilokthornsakul P, Mohan D, Chaiyakunapruk N
    Value Health, 2019 10;22(10):1137-1145.
    PMID: 31563256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2019.04.1937
    BACKGROUND: Although an increase in the burden of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is evident worldwide, knowledge of costs and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) associated with AD in low- and middle-income countries is still lacking.

    OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to collect real-world cost and HRQOL data, and investigate their associations with multiple disease-severity indicators among AD patients in Thailand.

    METHODS: We recruited AD patients aged ≥60 years accompanied by their caregivers at a university-affiliated tertiary hospital. A one-time structured interview was conducted to collect disease-severity indicators, HRQOL, and caregiving information using standardized tools. The hospital's database was used to retrieve healthcare resource utilization occurred over 6 months preceding the interview date. Costs were annualized and stratified based on cognitive status. Generalized linear models were employed to evaluate determinants of costs and HRQOL.

    RESULTS: Among 148 community-dwelling patients, average annual total societal costs of AD care were $8014 (95% confidence interval [CI]: $7295-$8844) per patient. Total costs of patients with severe stage ($9860; 95% CI: $8785-$11 328) were almost twice as high as those of mild stage ($5524; 95% CI: $4649-$6593). The major cost driver was direct medical costs, particularly those incurred by AD prescriptions. Functional status was the strongest determinant for both total costs and patient's HRQOL (P value

    Matched MeSH terms: Severity of Illness Index*
  10. Lee SW, Liong ML, Yuen KH, Leong WS, Cheah PY, Khan NA, et al.
    Urology, 2008 Jan;71(1):79-84.
    PMID: 18242370 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.08.043
    OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence, characteristics, and impact of sexual dysfunction in our primary care referral population.
    METHODS: Participants seeking treatment for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) were recruited from general urology clinics. The subjects completed the National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index, International Index of Erectile Function-5, and selected questions from the University of Washington Symptom Score. Additional information on demographics and medical and treatment history were also obtained. Sexual dysfunction was defined as self-reported erectile dysfunction (ED) or ejaculatory difficulty, or both.
    RESULTS: Of 296 participants with CP/CPPS, 214 (72.3%) reported sexual dysfunction. The National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index total score averaged 22.5 +/- 6.9 for participants with sexual dysfunction compared with 20.4 +/- 7.8 for participants who did not report sexual dysfunction (P = 0.03). Of the 214 participants with sexual dysfunction, 54 (25.0%) complained of ED only, 71 (33.4%) complained of ejaculatory difficulties only, and 89 (41.6%) complained of both ED and ejaculatory difficulties. Men reporting both ED and ejaculatory difficulty reported worse CP/CPPS symptoms (analysis of variance, P = 0.042) and worse quality of life (analysis of variance, P = 0.006) than men without sexual dysfunction.
    CONCLUSIONS: Sexual dysfunction was reported by almost three quarters of patients with CP/CPPS. Patients with CP/CPPS and sexual dysfunction experienced substantially worse symptoms, particularly worse quality of life, than other patients with CP/CPPS. Sexual dysfunction merits consideration as an important aspect of CP/CPPS and a potential outcome measure.

    Study site: general urology clinics
    in Penang
    Matched MeSH terms: Severity of Illness Index
  11. Low BY, Liong ML, Yuen KH, Chong WL, Chee C, Leong WS, et al.
    Urology, 2006 Oct;68(4):751-8.
    PMID: 17070347
    To determine the prevalence, severity, and quality-of-life (QOL) impact of female lower urinary tract symptoms (FLUTS); to determine the patterns, reasons, and factors contributing to the women's treatment-seeking behavior; and to describe the relationship between the social demographic characteristics and FLUTS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Severity of Illness Index
  12. Lim R, Liong ML, Lim KK, Leong WS, Yuen KH
    Urology, 2019 Nov;133:91-95.
    PMID: 31415780 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.08.004
    OBJECTIVE: To estimate the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF) and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Quality of Life (ICIQ-LUTSqol) using both anchor-based and distribution-based methods for women with stress urinary incontinence undergoing nonsurgical treatment.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from a randomized clinical trial evaluating efficacy of a nonsurgical intervention in women with stress urinary incontinence were used for analyses. The overall score of ICIQ-UI SF ranges from 0 to 21, with greater values indicating increased severity. The ICIQ-LUTSqol ranges from 19 to 76, with greater values indicating increased impact on quality of life. Instruments used in the anchor-based method were the Patient Global Impression of Improvement, patient satisfaction, 1-hour pad test and the incontinence episode frequency. The distribution-based method used an effect size of 0.5 standard deviation. Triangulation of findings was used to converge on a single value of MCID.

    RESULTS: At 12-month post-treatment, 106 (88.3%) participants completed the follow-up and were included in the analysis. Anchor-based MCIDs of the ICIQ-UI SF were between 3.4 and 4.4, while the distribution-based MCID was 1.7. Anchor-based MCIDs of the ICIQ-LUTSqol were between 4.8 and 6.9, while the distribution-based MCID was 5.2. Triangulation of findings showed that MCIDs of 4 for ICIQ-UI SF and 6 for ICIQ-LUTSqol were the most appropriate.

    CONCLUSION: For women undergoing nonsurgical treatments for incontinence, reductions of 4 and 6 points in ICIQ-UI SF and ICIQ-LUTSqol, respectively are perceived as clinically meaningful.

    Matched MeSH terms: Severity of Illness Index
  13. NUR ELIA NADHIRA MOHD ASMADI, WONG KAH YIN, NUR HADINA SALEH, NURUL FAZIHA IBRAHIM, SUHAIZAN LOB
    MyJurnal
    Black spot disease is a significant worldwide disease on the rose plant. Due to this infection, the leaves become yellow and eventually fall off. The occurrence of this disease has become a major problem, especially in landscape purpose. Therefore, this research was conducted to isolate fungal species from black spot disease in rose and identify using morphological characteristics. Then, all the isolates were tested for pathogenicity to confirm Koch’s postulates. In this study, four fungal isolates have been successfully isolated from black spot disease in rose namely Rhizoctonia sp. (one isolate), Colletotrichum sp. (two isolates) and Penicillium sp. (one isolate). Based on pathogenicity test result using potato dextrose agar (PDA) plug technique, fungus UMTT27R (Penicillium sp.) showed highly pathogenic on rose’s leaves with disease severity (DS) = 88.89% followed by UMTT13R (Colletotrichum sp.) with DS=72.22%, UMTT21R (Colletotrichum sp.) with DS=66.67% and UMTT4R (Rhizoctonia sp.) with DS=61.11%. Correct identification of fungal pathogens is very important to strategize a proper method to control the black spot disease in rose cultivation. 
    Matched MeSH terms: Severity of Illness Index
  14. WONG KAH YIN, NUR ELIA NADHIRA MOHD ASMADI, SUHAIZAN LOB, NURUL FAZIHA IBRAHIM
    MyJurnal
    Many chilli producers in Malaysia are facing a huge problem of anthracnose disease that infect the chilli fruits either at pre- or post-harvest stage. Due to this infection, the chilli fruits become rotten and could be colonized by grey conidial masses which is unfit for human consumption and cannot be sold. This study was aimed to isolate the fungal species associated with anthracnose symptoms collected from several mini-markets near Gong Badak, Terengganu. Pathogenicity test was conducted for all these isolates to evaluate their pathogenic level. Based on the results, five fungal isolates were successfully isolated and morphologically identified as Colletotrichum spp. All these isolates were labelled as UMTT46C, UMTT48C, UMTT50C, UMTT52C and UMTT54C. From these, fungal isolate (UMTT54C) showed the highest pathogenic level with disease severity (DS), 68.9%. Other Colletotrichum spp. recorded percentage of DS ranged from 53.3% to 60%. Identification of fungal isolates and their pathogenic level from the infected chilli is very important to assist in control strategy which can further provide a good protection measure for many chilli producers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Severity of Illness Index
  15. NUR FAZLEEN SYUHADA ROSTAM, NOR AMIRA IZATI NOR AZMAN, NURUL FAZIHA IBRAHIM, SUHAIZAN LOB
    MyJurnal
    Tomatoes have a short shelf life thus they pose a big challenge for growers to maintain the quality of tomatoes to increase customer acceptance. In this study, fungi associated with tomato disease symptoms were isolated and the potential of kaffir lime aqueous extract was evaluated in maintaining post-harvest quality of tomatoes. For this purpose, healthy tomatoes were dipped in 10% aqueous kaffir lime extract before evaluating the post-harvest parameters namely weight loss and firmness. A fungus namely Rhizophus stolonifer was isolated from the symptomatic tomatoes. Subsequently, it was confirmed to be pathogenic on healthy tomato fruits with 100% disease severity. Application of aqueous kaffir lime extract showed that tomato fruits dipped in 10% aqueous kaffir lime extract recorded higher weight loss and higher firmness as compared to untreated tomato fruits. The results showed that treatment with this concentration of plant extract did not help to reduce the weight loss, but it retained the firmness of the tomato fruits stored at room temperature at 27+2oC. Higher transpiration process would lead to shrinkage, weight loss, changes in texture and appearance of the fruits. Therefore, this study suggested an increased concentration of aqueous kaffir lime extract as a treatment agent in order to have a better effect in maintaining the quality of tomato fruits.
    Matched MeSH terms: Severity of Illness Index
  16. Low GKK, Kagize J, Faull KJ, Azahar A
    Trop Med Int Health, 2019 10;24(10):1169-1197.
    PMID: 31373098 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13294
    OBJECTIVE: To review the diagnostic test accuracy and predictive value of statistical models in differentiating the severity of dengue infection.

    METHODS: Electronic searches were conducted in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE (complete), PubMed and Scopus. Eligible studies to be included in this review were cohort studies with participants confirmed by laboratory test for dengue infection and comparison among the different severity of dengue infection by using statistical models. The methodological quality of the paper was assessed by independent reviewers using QUADAS-2.

    RESULTS: Twenty-six studies published from 1994 to 2017 were included. Most diagnostic models produced an accuracy of 75% to 80% except one with 86%. Two models predicting severe dengue according to the WHO 2009 classification have 86% accuracy. Both of these logistic regression models were applied during the first three days of illness, and their sensitivity and specificity were 91-100% and 79.3-86%, respectively. Another model which evaluated the 30-day mortality of dengue infection had an accuracy of 98.5%.

    CONCLUSION: Although there are several potential predictive or diagnostic models for dengue infection, their limitations could affect their validity. It is recommended that these models be revalidated in other clinical settings and their methods be improved and standardised in future.

    Matched MeSH terms: Severity of Illness Index
  17. Wong CKF, Zulperi D, Saidi NB, Vadamalai G
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2021 Mar;32(1):23-45.
    PMID: 33936549 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2021.32.1.2
    Fusarium wilt of banana cannot be effectively controlled by current control strategies. The most virulent form that caused major losses in the banana production is Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (Foc-TR4). Biocontrol of Foc-TR4 using microbial antagonists offers a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative. A consortium of biocontrol agents (BCAs), Pseudomonas aeruginosa DRB1 and Trichoderma harzianum CBF2 was formulated into pesta granules, talc powder, alginate beads and liquid bioformulations. Previous study indicated bioformulations containing both BCAs successfully reduced the disease severity of Foc-TR4. To date, the biocontrol mechanism and plant growth promoting (PGP) traits of a consortium of BCAs on infected bananas have not been explored. Therefore, the study was undertaken to investigate the effect of a consortium of DRB1 and CBF2 in the growth and biochemical changes of Foc-TR4 infected bananas. Results indicated pesta granules formulation produced bananas with higher biomass (fresh weight: 388.67 g), taller plants (80.95 cm) and larger leaves (length: 39.40 cm, width: 17.70 cm) than other bioformulations. Applying bioformulations generally produced plants with higher chlorophyll (392.59 μg/g FW-699.88 μg/g FW) and carotenoid contents (81.30 μg/g FW-120.01 μg/g FW) compared to pathogen treatment (chlorophyll: 325.96 μg/g FW, carotenoid: 71.98 μg/g FW) which indicated improved vegetative growth. Bioformulation-treated plants showed higher phenolic (49.58-93.85 μg/g FW) and proline contents (54.63 μg/g FW-89.61 μg/g FW) than Foc-TR4 treatment (phenolic: 46.45 μg/g FW, proline: 28.65 μg/g FW). The malondialdehylde (MDA) content was lower in bioformulation treatments (0.49 Nm/g FW-1.19 Nm/g FW) than Foc-TR4 treatment (3.66 Nm/g FW). The biochemical changes revealed that applying bioformulations has induced host defense response by increasing phenolic and proline contents which reduced root damage caused by Foc-TR4 resulting in lower MDA content. In conclusion, applying bioformulations containing microbial consortium is a promising method to improve growth and induce significant biochemical changes in bananas leading to the suppression of Foc-TR4.
    Matched MeSH terms: Severity of Illness Index
  18. Raman R, Gopalakrishnan G
    Trop Doct, 1999 Jul;29(3):160-1.
    PMID: 10448240
    Matched MeSH terms: Severity of Illness Index
  19. Win TT, Sitiasma H, Zeehaida M
    Trop Biomed, 2011 Apr;28(1):64-7.
    PMID: 21602770
    Infections and mTalignancies are common causes of pleural effusion. Among infectious causes, hyperinfection syndrome of Strongyloides stercoralis may occur in immunosuppressive patient. A 62-year-old man, known case of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) was presented with recurrent NHL stage IV and had undergone salvage chemotherapy. Patient subsequently developed pneumonia with bilateral pleural effusion and ascites. We reported rhabditiform larvae of S. stercoralis in pleural fluid of both lungs without infiltration by lymphoma cells. Stool for microscopic examination also revealed rhabditiform larvae of S. stercoralis. This patient was a known case of NHL receiving chemotherapy resulting in immunosuppression state. Although S. stercoralis infection is not very common compared to other parasitic infections, it is common in immunosuppressive patients and may present with hyperinfection. Therefore, awareness of this parasite should be kept in mind in immunosuppressive patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Severity of Illness Index
  20. Elbanan WK, Fathy SA, Ibrahim RA, Hegazy MGA
    Trop Biomed, 2020 Dec 01;37(4):1093-1104.
    PMID: 33612761 DOI: 10.47665/tb.37.4.1093
    Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Egypt is the most serious health problem. Identifying HCV-positive persons at high risk of early complications can help prioritize treatment decisions. Recently, attention has been directed to non-invasive, accurate alternatives using serum biochemical markers. The transforming growth factor β 1/interleukins pathway plays an important role in the process of cell injury and inflammation. Thus, TGF-β1 and IL-17 were assessed in serum of chronic HCV patients with correlation to hepatic inflammatory and fibrotic status. The quantitative serum levels of TGF-β1 and IL-17 were analyzed among chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients (n=75) and normal control (NC) subjects (n=15). Disease severity in patients was assessed using the Child-Pugh scores and METAVIR. Serum levels of TGF-β1 and IL-17 were significantly increased in HCV patients compared to control group. Furthermore, the levels of TGF-β1 and Il-17 were positively correlated to serum transaminases and alpha-fetoprotein and they were negatively correlated with serum albumin and platelets. Additionally, the serum levels of TGF-β1 and Il-17 were associated with inflammation grades and stages of liver fibrosis. TGF-β1 and IL-17 may be hopeful serum biomarkers concerned in the progression of liver inflammation and fibrosis accompanying chronic HCV infection. Therefore, they could be used in the future as targets for anti-fibrotic therapy of chronic HCV to ameliorate the disease progress.
    Matched MeSH terms: Severity of Illness Index
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