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  1. Ibrahim N, Sherina MS, Phang CK, Mukhtar F, Awang H, Ang JK, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2017 08;72(4):221-227.
    PMID: 28889133 MyJurnal
    No abstract available.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  2. Chai, Sian Yi, Zaiton Hassan, Abang Ekhsan Abang Othman
    MyJurnal
    Influx of women in the paid labor force had been identified as one of the important factors in raising awareness about work-family balance in organizations in developed countries in the west. The same phenomenon also occurs in Malaysia. Malaysia is considered as having traditional gender role ideology, whereby men and women have separate role in the workplace and in the family. Specifically, this study aims to identify whether there are differences in perception between men and women in public sector towards factors associated with work-life balance. Work-life balance factors examined in this study are work demands, supervisor support, organization’s family-friendly policies, family demands, work-family conflict (WFC) and family-work conflict (FWC). Sixty questionnaires were administered to employees in a government health training institution in Sarawak, Malaysia. Data were analyzed using SPPS version 17 and independent t-Test was employed in testing the hypotheses. The study found that men and women are significantly different in terms of supervisor support, work-family conflict and family demands. However, there was no significant difference between men and women employees with regard to work demands, family-work conflict and utilization of family-friendly policies. In line with previous Western findings, women experienced higher level of work to family conflict (WFC) than men employees. In addition, women also reported higher family demands than men. These findings strengthened the traditional gender role ideology ascribed by majority of Malaysians and lend support to the gender role theory. Therefore, the organization could provide relevant training, such as, time and stress management. Supervisors could be trained to be more aware of work-family balance issues faced by their employees and assist them accordingly.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  3. Abdulamir AS, Hafidh RR, Abdulmuhaimen N, Abubakar F, Abbas KA
    BMC Public Health, 2008;8:400.
    PMID: 19055849 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-400
    Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and other head and neck cancer (HNCA) types show a great epidemiological variation in different regions of the world. NPC has multifactorial etiology and many interacting risk factors are involved in NPC development mainly Epstein Barr virus (EBV). There is a need to scrutinize the complicated network of risk factors affecting NPC and how far they are different from that of other HNCA types.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  4. Cheah YK, Azahadi M, Phang SN, Abd Manaf NH
    Psychiatry Res, 2018 03;261:319-324.
    PMID: 29331849 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.086
    Suicide has become a serious matter in both developed and developing countries. The objective of the present study is to examine the factors affecting suicidal behaviour among adults in Malaysia. A nationally representative data which consists of 10,141 respondents is used for analysis. A trivariate probit model is utilised to identify the probability of having suicide ideation, suicide plan and suicide attempt. Results of the regression analysis show that to ensure unbiased estimates, a trivariate probit model should be used instead of three separate probit models. The determining factors of suicidal behaviour are income, age, gender, ethnicity, education, marital status, self-rated health and being diagnosed with diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. The likelihood of adopting suicidal behaviour is lower among higher income earners and older individuals. Being male and married significantly reduce the propensity to engage in suicidal behaviour. Of all the ethnic groups, Indian/others displays the highest likelihood of adopting suicidal behaviour. There is a positive relationship between poor health condition and suicide. Policies targeted at individuals who are likely to adopt suicidal behaviour may be effective in lowering the prevalence of suicide.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  5. Sien YP, Sahril N, Abdul Mutalip MH, Zaki NA, Abdul Ghaffar S
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2014 Sep;26(5 Suppl):36S-43S.
    PMID: 25070694 DOI: 10.1177/1010539514543681
    Dietary supplements use is relatively widespread in some countries but knowledge of supplements consumption in Malaysia is limited, more so among adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the determinants of dietary supplements use among Malaysian adolescents using multiple logistic regressions analysis. Data from the Malaysia School-based Nutrition Survey 2012 based on a 2-stage stratified sampling was used. The prevalence of vitamin/mineral supplements and food supplements intake among adolescents was 54.1% and 40.2%, respectively. Usage was significantly higher among younger adolescents and among boys. Dietary supplements were also taken mostly by those who thought they were underweight. The most common vitamin/mineral supplements and food supplements consumed were vitamin C and bee products. The main reason for taking supplements was parents' instruction. These findings can be useful for developing health communications on supplement use targeted to adolescents and their parents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  6. Ting HN, Zourmand A, Chia SY, Yong BF, Abdul Hamid B
    J Voice, 2012 Sep;26(5):664.e1-6.
    PMID: 22285457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.08.008
    The formant frequencies of Malaysian Malay children have not been well studied. This article investigates the first four formant frequencies of sustained vowels in 360 Malay children aged between 7 and 12 years using acoustical analysis. Generally, Malay female children had higher formant frequencies than those of their male counterparts. However, no significant differences in all four formant frequencies were observed between the Malay male and female children in most of the vowels and age groups. Significant differences in all formant frequencies were found across the Malay vowels in both Malay male and female children for all age groups except for F4 in female children aged 12 years. Generally, the Malaysian Malay children showed a nonsystematic decrement in formant frequencies with age. Low levels of significant differences in formant frequencies were observed across the age groups in most of the vowels for F1, F3, and F4 in Malay male children and F1 and F4 in Malay female children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  7. Ting HN, Chia SY, Manap HH, Ho AH, Tiu KY, Abdul Hamid B
    J Voice, 2012 Jul;26(4):425-30.
    PMID: 22243972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.07.001
    The study is going to investigate the fundamental frequency (F(0)) and perturbation measures of sustained vowels in 360 native Malaysian Malay children aged between 7 and 12 years using acoustical analysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  8. Hanani Yuhaniz, Asnawi Seraila, Siti Rafedah Abdul Karim, Suhaimi Muhammed, Abdul Hamid Saleh
    MyJurnal
    In developing ergonomically sound furniture, there is a need in evaluating anthropometrics from various aspect such as gender differences. The objectives of this study was to evaluate anthropometrics differences between genders of children in Malaysia in order to determine the need in having specified chairs for each gender. Represented by four states in Malaysia, a total of 2400 children were involved in the study. A custom made measurer and an anthropometer were used to measure the subjects. Six body measurements, which are, sitting shoulder height, sitting subscapular height, shoulder breadth, buttock popliteal length, popliteal height and hip width were documented for evaluation. From this study, there were some significant differences on some body parts while other body parts were similar to male and female. Therefore, chairs are needed to be made according to the suitability of both gender.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  9. Madhanagopal J, Singh OP, Mohan V, Sathasivam KV, Omar AH, Abdul Kadir MR
    Eval Health Prof, 2019 03;42(1):103-113.
    PMID: 28868907 DOI: 10.1177/0163278717727568
    An accurate measurement of intrinsic hand muscle strength (IHMS) is required by clinicians for effective clinical decision-making, diagnosis of certain diseases, and evaluation of the outcome of treatment. In practice, the clinicians use Intrins-o-meter and Rotterdam Intrinsic Hand Myometer for IHMS measurement. These are quite bulky, expensive, and possess poor interobserver reliability (37-52%) and sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to develop an alternative lightweight, accurate, cost-effective force measurement device with a simple electronic circuit and test its suitability for IHMS measurement. The device was constructed with ketjenblack/deproteinized natural rubber sensor, 1-MΩ potential divider, and Arduino Uno through the custom-written software. Then, the device was calibrated and tested for accuracy and repeatability within the force range of finger muscles (100 N). The 95% limit of agreement in accuracy from -1.95 N to 2.06 N for 10 to 100 N applied load and repeatability coefficient of ±1.91 N or 6.2% was achieved. Furthermore, the expenditure for the device construction was around US$ 53. For a practical demonstration, the device was tested among 16 participants for isometric strength measurement of the ulnar abductor and dorsal interossei. The results revealed that the performance of the device was suitable for IHMS measurement.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  10. Ng AK, Hairi NN, Dahlui M, Su TT, Jalaludin MY, Abdul Majid H
    Br J Nutr, 2020 12 14;124(11):1207-1218.
    PMID: 32624008 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114520002202
    The longitudinal relationship between muscle strength, dietary intake and physical activity among adolescents is not well understood. We investigated the trend and longitudinal effects of dietary intakes and physical activity scores on muscle strength in adolescents. This prospective cohort study consisted of 436 adolescents (134 males; 302 females) aged 13 years at baseline (2012) who were followed up at the ages of 15 (2014) and 17 (2016) years, respectively. We measured muscle strength using a calibrated hand dynamometer, estimated dietary intake with a 7-d dietary history and physical activity scores with a validated physical activity questionnaire for older children. A generalised estimating equation was used to examine the effect of dietary intakes and physical activity on muscle strength changes. The analysis was performed separately by sex. The muscle strength for males and females had increased within the 5-year period. The dietary intakes (energy and macronutrients) also increased initially but plateaued after the age of 15 years for both sexes. Females recorded a significant declining trend in physical activity scores compared with males as they grew older. A significant positive longitudinal relationship was found between protein (β = 0·035; P = 0·016), carbohydrate intake (β = 0·002; P = 0·013) and muscle strength among males. However, no longitudinal relationship was found between dietary intake, physical activity and muscle strength among females. Higher protein and carbohydrate intake among males was associated with higher muscle strength but was not observed in females. Nutrition and physical activity focusing on strength building are required in early adolescence and need to be tailored to males and females accordingly.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  11. Purwanto, Eswaran C, Logeswaran R, Abdul Rahman AR
    J Med Syst, 2012 Apr;36(2):521-31.
    PMID: 22675726
    Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of death globally. More people die of CVDs each year than from any other disease. Over 80% of CVD deaths occur in low and middle income countries and occur almost equally in male and female. In this paper, different computational models based on Bayesian Networks, Multilayer Perceptron,Radial Basis Function and Logistic Regression methods are presented to predict early risk detection of the cardiovascular event. A total of 929 (626 male and 303 female) heart attack data are used to construct the models.The models are tested using combined as well as separate male and female data. Among the models used, it is found that the Multilayer Perceptron model yields the best accuracy result.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  12. Jaafar N, Abdul Razak I
    Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 1988 Apr;16(2):75-8.
    PMID: 3162860
    Different groups of people will view and use modern dental services differently. This is determined by their traditional beliefs and cultural background. The aim of this study is to identify variations in utilization among adults in the three major ethnic groups in Malaysia. Dental records of 500 adults attending the University dental center were randomly selected and analyzed by sex and ethnic group. Results from this pilot study clearly indicate that different ethnic groups tend to use certain types of services more than others. Similarly, there is evidence of variation in the type of dental service preferred between males and females. The implications of these findings for dental health educators, program planners and further research is emphasized in order to promote a more positive pattern of utilization among the various ethnic groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  13. Zakaria MN, Tahir A, Zainun Z, Salim R, Mohd Sakeri NS, Abdul Wahat NH
    Acta Otolaryngol, 2021 Jan;141(1):62-65.
    PMID: 32957810 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2020.1817552
    BACKGROUND: The graviceptive otolith function can be measured using subjective visual horizontal (SVH) testing. Nevertheless, more research efforts are required to understand the essential variables affecting SVH.

    OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of type of visual image and gender on subjective visual horizontal (SVH) perception among healthy adults.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this comparative study, 50 healthy young adults were enrolled. While in an upright body position, they were required to report their perception of horizontality for two types of visual images (solid line and arrow pattern) using a computerized SVH device.

    RESULTS: The arrow pattern produced significantly bigger SVH angles than the solid line (p < .001). In contrast, no significant influence of gender was found on SVH results (p = .743), Based on the statistical outcomes, the preliminary normative data for SVH were established.

    CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: The arrow pattern (a more complex visual image) produced bigger SVH deviations than the simple solid line image. In contrast, the horizontality perception does not appear to be affected by gender. The preliminary normative SVH data gathered from the present study can be beneficial for clinical and future research applications.

    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  14. Abdul-Kadir R
    J Nihon Univ Sch Dent, 1994 Mar;36(1):34-9.
    PMID: 8207502
    A cross-sectional exploratory survey was conducted in six West Malaysian schools involving 762 fifteen- to eighteen-year-old secondary school students. Periodontal health status was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN), utilizing six index teeth to represent the six sextants of the mouth. The results indicated that 66.8% of the students examined had healthy gingiva (Score 0), 2.6% had bleeding of the gingiva on gentle probing, while 30.6% had calculus on their teeth. In terms of treatment needs, 35.0% of those examined needed oral hygiene education, 34.4%, on the other hand, required scaling. No student was found to require complex treatment. Sex-specific comparison revealed a slightly higher prevalence of calculus formation in male students. In terms of race, the Malays had a higher prevalence of calculus formation than either Chinese or Indians.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  15. Ming LO, Surif S, Abdullah A
    Sci Total Environ, 1997 Jan 30;193(3):207-13.
    PMID: 9092077
    A study on lead exposure among school children aged between 7 and 12 years from Kajang and Sepang in the state of Selangor, Malaysia was carried out using delta-aminolevulinic acid (delta-ALA) levels in the urine as an index. The delta-ALA levels in urine were linked to variables which could contribute to lead exposure. Out of 1628 school children studied [Kajang (43.5%) and Sepang (56.5%)], only 194 subjects (16 and 8.8% from Kajang and Sepang, respectively) had urinary delta-ALA levels between 0.6 and 2.0 mg/100 ml. However, chi 2 analysis demonstrated significant association between delta-ALA of this group to some of the variables. The strongest association was found in the habit of biting fingernails (P < 0.025). Other statistically significant correlations were found between delta-ALA and father's occupation (P < 0.05) and the amount of time spent playing in the field (P < 0.01). Generally, this study indicates that school children in Kajang and Sepang are still relatively safe from excessively high lead exposure. However, a more sensitive indicator, which is based on a lower tolerable lead limits, such as lead in blood, are necessary to affirm this finding.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  16. Al-Mekhlafi MS, Surin J, Atiya AS, Ariffin WA, Mahdy AK, Abdullah HC
    PMID: 19058591
    A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the current prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) among Orang Asli schoolchildren and to investigate the potential predictors of malnutrition. A total of 241 (120 males and 121 females) Orang Asli schoolchildren age 7-12 years living in remote areas of Pos Betau, Pahang participated voluntarily in this study. Anthropometric and socioeconomic data were collected and the children were screened for intestinal parasitic infections. The overall prevalences of mild and significant underweight conditions were 52.3% and 37.3%, respectively, and the prevalences of mild stunting and wasting were 43.6% and 43.1%, respectively, while the prevalences of significant stunting and wasting were 43.6% and 5.6%, respectively. There was a significant association between gender (male) and malnutrition (p = 0.029). The results also showed a higher prevalence of stunting among children age < or = 10 years than in older children (p = 0.001). Other independent variables, including socioeconomic status and intestinal parasitic infections, had no significant associations with malnutrition indices. PEM is prevalent among schoolchildren in rural Malaysia and therefore of public health concern since PEM diminishes immune function and impairs cognitive function and educational performance. School-based programs of prevention through health education and interventions should be considered as an essential part of measures to improve the quality of life of schoolchildren in rural Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  17. Razak AA, Saddki N, Naing NN, Abdullah N
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2009;10(6):1131-6.
    PMID: 20192598
    OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify the characteristics of oral cancer among Malay patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan.

    METHODS: A retrospective record review was conducted from August to December 2006 in HUSM. Of 133 patients with oral cancer diagnosed from 1986 to 2005, 118 were Malay. Data on socio-demographic background, high-risk habits practiced, clinical and histological characteristics, and treatment profile of the patients were obtained.

    RESULTS: Malay patients with oral cancer were predominantly elderly, aged 60 years old and above (51.7%) at the time of diagnosis, with a mean age of 58.1 years (SD 16.81). Most patients were males (64.4%) and the majority of them were married (83.9%). More than half (58.5%) had been smokers, and of those who smoked, 89.9% were males. Some had a betel quid chewing habit (22.9%) but none ever consumed alcohol. The majority of the patients (77.1%) were diagnosed at stage IV. The tongue was the most usual site involved (37.3%) and squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological type seen (75.4%).

    CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of oral cancer among Malay patients in HUSM is high (88.7%). It is predominantly found in elderly males and the majority of cases present at advanced stage.

    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  18. Isa NH, Loong LW, Fang GH, Mohamad AM, Razali N, Rani NI, et al.
    PMID: 22299405
    Demodicosis is an infestation of the skin with Demodex, an ectoparasite commonly found on the face. A cross-sectional study was conducted to detect the presence of the ectoparasite and the outcome of facial cleanser and moisturizer usage on its infestation. Universal sampling was performed among 390 medical students, age 20-25 years old in the Klang Valley of Malaysia. The biodata of the participants and information on the use of facial cleanser and moisturizer were obtained through questionnaire. Skin samples were obtained using both skin scraping and cellophane tape method and were subsequently examined directly by microscopy. The results show an overall prevalence of 17.2%. Males (21.5%) were affected more often than females (12.8%) (p = 0.022). There were no significant differences in the prevalence of the ectoparasite among different ethnic groups, age-groups and the presence of existing facial problems among the subjects. A lower infestation rate (11.45%) was found to be associated with the use of a moisturizer (p = 0.033). Both species of ectoparasites that infest man, Demodexfolliculorum and D. brevis, were detected in this study either as single or mixed infestations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  19. Abougalambou SSI, Ahmed NO, Abougalambou AS
    Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2017 Nov;11 Suppl 1:S445-S449.
    PMID: 28434857 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.03.033
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Type 2 DM is rapidly rising as a global health care problem that threatens to reach pandemic levels by 2030. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disease with no cure and chronic disease that results in major morbidity and mortality. The main objective of this study is to evaluate postprandial plasma glucose level and to determine factors affect on postprandial plasma glucose level among type 2 diabetes outpatients attending endocrinology clinics at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Teaching Hospital.
    SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study design was observational prospective longitudinal follow-up study, the study was conducted with sample of 1077 type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatient recruited via attended the diabetes clinics at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) in Kelantan. Post prandial plasma glucose (PPG) parameter to measure the glycaemic control. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the independent variables that affect the PPG control.
    RESULTS: About 426 (39.6%) of the patients did not achieve the optimal postprandial plasma glucose level (<10mmol/l). In this study, the possible factors that affect postprandial plasma glucose levels (PPG) were found to be gender (OR=0.77) and the duration of diabetes (OR=1.12).
    CONCLUSION: It has been found that gender and the duration of diabetes are the factors affecting PPG. New strategy to improve the current status of control of diabetes is needed. The study recommends that health-care providers should pay more attention to type 2 DM male patients and patients who had diabetic for long time.
    Study site: Endocrine clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM)
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  20. Teh GC, Sahabudin RM, Lim TC, Chong WL, Woo S, Mohan M, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2001 Jun;56(2):186-95.
    PMID: 11771079
    Objective: To study the prevalence of symptomatic BPE among Malaysian men age 50 and above attending prostate health awareness campaign and to identify differences in prevalence between different ethnic groups residing within metropolitan Kuala Lumpur.
    Materials and Methods: Demographic data and the completed International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), maximal uroflow rate (Qmax) and prostate size of volunteers, aged 50 and above, who attended the prostate health awareness campaign were analyzed. Subjects with known prostate diseases or prostate surgery, bladder disorders and neurological disorders were excluded.
    Results: 2086 volunteers attended the campaign. 575 men fulfilled the inclusion criteria and their demographic data, IPSS; peak flow rate and prostate volume were analysed. Overall, 18.9% and 39.6% of the men were severely and moderately symptomatic, respectively. The prevalence of moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in Malays, Chinese and Indians were 70%, 59% and 50% respectively (p=0.004). The commonest bothersome symptoms were nocturia (56%), frequency (50.4%) and sense of incomplete voiding (43.5%). The mean peak flow rate of the subjects was 15.4ml/s. 20.9% and 55.2% of the subjects had peak flow less than 10ml/sec and 15ml/sec respectively. The mean prostate size was 25.1cc. There is no significant difference in term of maximal flow rate and prostate size among Malays, Chinese and Indians in Malaysia. A good correlation was found between the total symptom score and the single disease-specific quality of life question (r=0.69, p<0.001). The correlation between IPSS and peak flow rate (r=-0.22, p<0.001) and prostate volume (r=0.11, p=0.009) was weak. There was no correlation between IPSS and age (r=0.06, p=0.17). The prevalence of symptomatic benign prostate enlargement (BPE) was 39.3%. The prevalence increased 8% per decade from 41.7% for men aged 50 to 59 to 65.4% for men aged 70 or more. There is no significant difference in prevalence of symptomatic BPE among the three ethnic groups. The prevalence of BPO was 15.8%.
    Conclusion: The correlation between symptom score, maximal flow rate and prostate size was poor and one cannot predict the value of one parameter by knowing one or more of the other parameters. There is a high prevalence of LUTS suggestive of benign prostatic obstruction in the apparently healthy Malaysian aged 50 and above attending the prostate health awareness campaign.

    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
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