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  1. Lee SW, Liong ML, Yuen KH, Leong WS, Cheah PY, Khan NA, et al.
    Urology, 2008 Jan;71(1):79-84.
    PMID: 18242370 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.08.043
    OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence, characteristics, and impact of sexual dysfunction in our primary care referral population.
    METHODS: Participants seeking treatment for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) were recruited from general urology clinics. The subjects completed the National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index, International Index of Erectile Function-5, and selected questions from the University of Washington Symptom Score. Additional information on demographics and medical and treatment history were also obtained. Sexual dysfunction was defined as self-reported erectile dysfunction (ED) or ejaculatory difficulty, or both.
    RESULTS: Of 296 participants with CP/CPPS, 214 (72.3%) reported sexual dysfunction. The National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index total score averaged 22.5 +/- 6.9 for participants with sexual dysfunction compared with 20.4 +/- 7.8 for participants who did not report sexual dysfunction (P = 0.03). Of the 214 participants with sexual dysfunction, 54 (25.0%) complained of ED only, 71 (33.4%) complained of ejaculatory difficulties only, and 89 (41.6%) complained of both ED and ejaculatory difficulties. Men reporting both ED and ejaculatory difficulty reported worse CP/CPPS symptoms (analysis of variance, P = 0.042) and worse quality of life (analysis of variance, P = 0.006) than men without sexual dysfunction.
    CONCLUSIONS: Sexual dysfunction was reported by almost three quarters of patients with CP/CPPS. Patients with CP/CPPS and sexual dysfunction experienced substantially worse symptoms, particularly worse quality of life, than other patients with CP/CPPS. Sexual dysfunction merits consideration as an important aspect of CP/CPPS and a potential outcome measure.

    Study site: general urology clinics
    in Penang
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/epidemiology*
  2. Yee A, Loh HS, Hisham Hashim HM, Ng CG
    J Sex Med, 2014 Jan;11(1):22-32.
    PMID: 24344738 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12352
    INTRODUCTION: For many years, methadone has been recognized as an effective maintenance treatment for opioid dependence. However, of the many adverse events reported, sexual dysfunction is one of the most common side effects.

    AIM: We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the prevalence of sexual dysfunction among male patients on methadone and buprenorphine treatments.

    METHODS: Relevant studies published from inception until December 2012 were identified by searching PubMed, OVID, and Embase. Studies were selected using prior defined criteria. Heterogeneity, publication bias, and odds ratio were assessed thoroughly.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: To examine the prevalence and odds ratio of sexual dysfunctions among the methadone and buprenorphine groups.

    RESULTS: A total of 1,570 participants from 16 eligible studies were identified in this meta-analysis. The studies provided prevalence estimates for sexual dysfunction among methadone users with a meta-analytical pooled prevalence of 52% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-0.65). Only four studies compared sexual dysfunction between the two groups, with a significantly higher combined odds ratio in the methadone group (OR = 4.01, 95% CI, 1.52-10.55, P = 0.0049).

    CONCLUSIONS: Evidence showed that the prevalence of sexual dysfunction was higher among the users of methadone compared with buprenorphine. Patients with sexual difficulty while on methadone treatment were advised to switch to buprenorphine.

    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/epidemiology*
  3. Sidi H, Asmidar D, Hod R, Guan NC
    J Sex Med, 2012 May;9(5):1392-9.
    PMID: 21477024 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02256.x
    Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor is one of the most widely used antidepressant and commonly associated with female sexual dysfunction (FSD).
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/epidemiology
  4. Ishak IH, Low WY, Othman S
    J Sex Med, 2010 Sep;7(9):3080-7.
    PMID: 20584130 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01848.x
    INTRODUCTION: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a highly prevalent sexual health problem but poorly investigated at the primary care level.
    AIM: This article examines the prevalence of sexual dysfunction and its possible risk factors associated with women at high risk of FSD in a hospital-based primary practice.
    METHODS: A validated Malay version of the Female Sexual Function Index (MVFSFI) was utilized to determine FSD in a cross-sectional study design, involving 163 married women, aged 18-65 years, in a tertiary hospital-based primary care clinic in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Sociodemographic, marital profile, health, and lifestyle for women at high risk of FSD and those who were not at high risk were compared and their risk factors were determined.
    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of FSD in Malaysian women based on the MVFSFI, and its risk factors for developing FSD.
    RESULTS: Some 42 (25.8%) out of 163 women had sexual dysfunction. Prevalence of sexual dysfunction increased significantly with age. Sexual dysfunctions were detected as desire problem (39.3%), arousal problem (25.8%), lubrication problem (21.5%), orgasm problem (16.6%), satisfaction problem (21.5%) and pain problems (16.6%). Women at high risk of FSD were significantly associated with age (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.9 to 9.0), husband's age (OR 4.3 95% C.I 1.9 to 9.3), duration of marriage (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.6 to 6.8), medical problems (OR 8.5, 95% CI 3.3 to 21.7), menopausal status (OR 6.6, 95% CI 3.1 to 14.3), and frequency of sexual intercourse (OR 10.7, 95% CI 3.6 to 31.7). Multivariate analysis showed that medical problem (adjusted OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.6 to 14.0) and frequency of sexual intercourse (adjusted OR 7.2, 95% CI 2.1 to 24.0) were associated with increased risk of having FSD. Those who practiced contraception were less likely to have FSD.
    CONCLUSION: Sexual health problems are prevalent in women attending primary care clinic where one in four women were at high risk of FSD. Thus, primary care physician should be trained and prepared to address this issue.
    Study site: Primary Care Clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/epidemiology*
  5. Sidi H, Puteh SE, Abdullah N, Midin M
    J Sex Med, 2007 Mar;4(2):311-21.
    PMID: 17040486
    Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a prevalent sexual health problem that does not spare the women in Malaysia, a nation with a conservative multiethnic society.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/epidemiology*
  6. Yee A, Loh HS, Danaee M, Riahi S, Ng CG, Sulaiman AH
    J Sex Med, 2018 02;15(2):159-166.
    PMID: 29275046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.12.004
    BACKGROUND: Methadone has been recognized as an effective maintenance treatment for opioid dependence. However, its use is associated with several complications, including sexual dysfunction in men.

    AIM: To assess plasma testosterone and sexual function in Southeast Asian men on methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) or buprenorphine maintenance treatment (BMT).

    METHODS: 76 sexually active men on MMT (mean age = 43.30 ± 10.32 years) and 31 men on BMT (mean age = 41.87 ± 9.76 years) from a Southeast Asian community were evaluated using plasma total testosterone (TT) and prolactin levels, body mass index, social demographics, substance use measures, and depression severity scale.

    OUTCOMES: Prevalence and associated factors of TT level lower than the reference range in men on MMT or BMT.

    RESULTS: More than 1 third of men (40.8%, n = 31) on MMT had TT levels lower than the reference range, whereas 1 fourth of men (22.6%, n = 7) on BMT did. At univariate analysis, MMT vs BMT (β = 0.298, adjusted R2 = 0.08, P = .02) and body mass index (β = -0.23, adjusted R2 = 0.12, P = .02) were associated with changes in TT after stepwise regression. There were no significant associations with age; Opiate Treatment Index Q scores for alcohol, heroin, stimulant, tobacco, or cannabis use and social functioning domain; education levels; hepatitis C status; and severity of depression. Prolactin level did not differ between the MMT and BMT groups.

    CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The sex hormonal assay should be used regularly to check men on MMT.

    STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: This is the first study conducted in the Southeast Asian community. Our study was limited by the lack of a healthy group as the reference for serum levels of testosterone and prolactin.

    CONCLUSIONS: The findings showed that plasma testosterone levels are lower in MMT than in BMT users. Hence, men who are receiving MMT should be screened for hypogonadism routinely in the clinical setting. Yee A, Loh HS, Danaee M, et al. Plasma Testosterone and Sexual Function in Southeast Asian Men Receiving Methadone and Buprenorphine Maintenance Treatment. J Sex Med 2018;15:159-166.

    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/epidemiology
  7. Deva MP
    Med J Malaysia, 1995 Mar;50(1):1-3.
    PMID: 7752959
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/epidemiology*
  8. Chin CN, Quek DKL, Ong SBL
    Med J Malaysia, 1991 Mar;46(1):35-40.
    PMID: 1836036
    Sixty five patients were interviewed on an average of 42 months after a myocardial infarction. Using a semi structured interview, they were systematically questioned on their usual sexual activity just before their infarction and at the time of follow up. All were married men with a mean age of 54.4 years and had resumed a normal active life. Forty six (70%) reported a decrease in frequency of sexual intercourse (mean 6.9 times/month before infarction and 0.8 times/month at time of interview, p less than 0.01). The majority had difficulty in discussing sex with their doctors because of impaired doctor-patient communication, cultural factors and lack of privacy. Discussion concerning sex should be initiated as soon as the patient is stable and pertinent advice is the key to better sexual adjustment after myocardial infarction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/epidemiology
  9. Teoh JI
    Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 1974 Jun;8(2):109-20.
    PMID: 4528692 DOI: 10.3109/00048677409159785
    A twelve-month study of all university students with psychological problems and symptoms, referred by the Student Health Physicians of the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur was conducted. A total of 308 students were seen and treated. The following results were elicited:
    1) The proportion of student breakdown among the different ethnic groups was in proportion with the total student population.
    2) There was no significant difference in diagnosis among students of urban-rural origins or from the different faculties.
    3) The majority of students were seen during the first term from the first and second year courses.
    4) Fifty-six percent of students suffered from symptoms prior to their admission to the university.
    5 ) Differences in language stream, especially from the Malay-medium schools, did not increase the rates of breakdown because of attenuating factors to reduce the stress among Malay students.
    6) Chinese students had significantly more severe acculturation gap differences from their parents than Malay students. They also significantly came from more well-off homes, of a higher social class and from urban regions as compared to the Malay students.
    7) Fifty-one percent were diagnosed as suffering from a neurosis and 13.3% from a schizophrenic psychosis. The neurotics had a much lower failure rate than the schizophrenic students.
    8) Personality and family problems were significantly higher among Chinese than Malay students. On the whole, there were more personality and family problems among urban-based students of both ethnic groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/epidemiology
  10. Masliza W, Daud W, Yazid Bajuri M, Shuhaila A, Hatta S, Rohaizat Hassan M, et al.
    Clin Ter, 2014;165(2):83-9.
    PMID: 24770809 DOI: 10.7471/CT.2014.1681
    Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) has a major impact on interpersonal relationships and quality of life. For many women it has been emotionally distressing, physically disconcerting, and socially disruptive. To determine the prevalence and factors that contribute to female sexual dysfunction (FSD) and to evaluate the different sexual domains that influence sexual function amongst post menopausal women.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/epidemiology*
  11. Banaei M, Alidost F, Ghasemi E, Dashti S
    J Obstet Gynaecol, 2020 Apr;40(3):411-418.
    PMID: 31537138 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2019.1640191
    Childbirth is one of the most important influencing factors for sexual function. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of comparing sexual function in primiparous and multiparous women. This cross-sectional analytical study was performed using systematic random sampling on 420 women in the postpartum period who referred to Bandar Abbas health Centres in 2018. The data were collected using an interview method which consisted of a Female Sexual Function Index questionnaire and a demographic questionnaire. The data analysis was performed using the SPSS Version 23 software. The results showed that sexual dysfunction was lower in multiparous women compared to primiparous women (p = .006). Low sexual activity in primiparous women can be due to less privacy and more time and energy loss. Several factors including housing situation, monthly income, episiotomy incision, and the education level of the couple were influential in the sexual function of the primiparous women (p Sexual function differs between primiparous and multiparous women in postpartum period and the number of deliveries can affect sexual performance.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? Sexual function in humans is affected by a complexity of interactions. Childbirth is among the most one of the important factors that influences sexual function. Pregnancy and childbirth affect all organs of the female body, especially the genital tract, and the resulting changes may cause problems in sexual intercourse. Negative childbirth experiences from previous deliveries can affect sexual performance.What do the results of this study add? Regarding the high prevalence of sexual problems during the postpartum period and the direct impact of this on spousal relationship, and also given the controversial data on the relationship between parity and sexual dysfunction, the present study was conducted to compare postpartum sexual function between primiparous and multiparous women.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The sexual and emotional intimacy of couples may be affected due to the changes in women's sexual function as the result of physiological and anatomical changes during pregnancy and postpartum. Therefore, to improve the quality of sexual relations, screening and counselling for sexual disorders should not be limited to pregnancy and postpartum periods, but should also be included in pre-pregnancy counselling centres.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/epidemiology*
  12. Shahar MA, Hussein H, Sidi H, Shah SA, Mohamed Said MS
    Int J Rheum Dis, 2012 Oct;15(5):468-77.
    PMID: 23083037 DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-185X.2012.01753.x
    AIM: To determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction (FSD) among women with rheumatoid arthritis attending the Rheumatology Clinic in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) and Hospital Putrajaya, Malaysia, and to determine its associations with potential clinical and disease activity factors.
    METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study involving women with rheumatoid arthritis between the ages of 20 and 60 years. A validated Malay Version Female Sexual Function Index (MVFSFI) was administered to diagnose FSD. Sociodemographic and disease activity profiles were obtained and those who had and did not have FSD were compared.
    RESULTS: Among 63 respondents, 51 patients were included in the analysis for FSD. The prevalence of FSD in women with rheumatoid arthritis attending UKMMC and Hospital Putrajaya Rheumatology Clinic was 29.4%. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28-ESR) correlates with MVFSFI score with r=-0.364 (P=0.009) and r=-0.268 (P=0.057), respectively. Sociodemographic factors that correlate with MVFSFI score were: patient's age (r=0.520, P<0.001); duration of marriage (r=-0.355, P=0.001); husband's age (r=-0.460, P=0.001); age of oldest child (r=-0.449, P=0.001); and age of youngest child (r=-0.627, P<0.001).
    CONCLUSION: We found in this study that the prevalence of FSD in rheumatoid arthritis in our centers was 29.4%. Age and family dynamics appear to be more important predictors compared to disease activity.
    Study site: Rheumatology Clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM) and Hospital Putrajaya, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/epidemiology*
  13. Banaei M, Kariman N, Ozgoli G, Nasiri M, Ghasemi V, Khiabani A, et al.
    Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2021 Apr;153(1):14-24.
    PMID: 33300122 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13523
    BACKGROUND: Dyspareunia is one of the most common postpartum sexual dysfunctions.

    OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of postpartum dyspareunia.

    SEARCH STRATEGY: Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched to July 2019 using keywords including 'perineal pain,' 'dyspareunia,' and 'sexual pain'.

    SELECTION CRITERIA: Observational studies on the prevalence of postpartum dyspareunia were included.

    DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently reviewed articles and extracted data. Study heterogeneity was evaluated by I2 index; publication bias by Egger and Begg tests.

    MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-two studies enrolling 11 457 women were included. Based on meta-analysis, the overall estimated prevalence of dyspareunia was 35% (95% confidence interval [CI], 29%-41%). The prevalence was 42% (95% CI, 26%-60%) at 2 months, 43% (95% CI, 36%-50%) at 2-6 months, and 22% (95% CI, 15%-29%) at 6-12 months postpartum. Begg test showed no significant bias in data related to the prevalence of postpartum dyspareunia (p = 0.466).

    CONCLUSION: The prevalence of postpartum dyspareunia was 35% and decreased with increasing postpartum duration. Given the high prevalence and its impact on a woman's quality of life, special attention should be paid to this common complaint during the postpartum period.

    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/epidemiology*
  14. Loh HH, Yee A, Loh HS, Kanagasundram S, Francis B, Lim LL
    Hormones (Athens), 2020 Sep;19(3):413-423.
    PMID: 32462512 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-020-00210-0
    PURPOSE: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder characterized by clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism and ovulary dysfunction. Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) adversely affects quality of life and interpersonal relationships. We aimed to compare the prevalence of FSD in women with and without PCOS.

    METHODS: We pooled data from 28 observational studies involving 6256 women. Apart from the total prevalence of FSD, subgroup analyses based on different PCOS diagnostic criteria and obesity status (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 kg/m2) were performed. The differences in total and subscale scores of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) among women with and without PCOS were also compared.

    RESULTS: Women with PCOS were younger (mean ± SD 28.56 ± 3.0 vs 31.5 ± 3.2 years, p sexual satisfaction.

    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/epidemiology*
  15. Ismail AH, Baw R, Sidi H, Guan NC, Midin M, Nik Jaafar NR, et al.
    Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S29-33.
    PMID: 23623640 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.03.009
    The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of orgasmic dysfunction among Malay women with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/epidemiology*
  16. Grewal GS, Gill JS, Sidi H, Gurpreet K, Jambunathan ST, Suffee NJ, et al.
    Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S17-22.
    PMID: 23452905 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.01.009
    OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) among healthcare personnel in selected healthcare facilities in Malaysia.
    METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at three large healthcare facilities that were selected by convenience sampling. Within each facility, stratified random sampling was used to select suitable candidates to participate in the study (n=201). Validated questionnaires were used to assess depression, anxiety, sexual function in women and erectile dysfunction (ED) in their partners.
    RESULTS: The prevalence of FSD was 5.5%. Women with sexual dysfunction were more likely to be married longer (OR=4.08; 95% CI; 1.15-4.50), had lower frequency of sexual intercourse (OR=5.00; 95% C; 1.05-23.76) and had a spouse with ED (OR=24.35; 95% CI; 4.55-130.37). Multivariate analysis showed that ED was the strongest predictor for FSD (AOR=27.30; 95% CI; 4.706-159.08).
    CONCLUSION: One in eighteen female healthcare personnel suffered from FSD and presence of ED in the partner strongly impacted her sexual function, negatively. The findings highlight the importance of including the male partner in clinical assessment of FSD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/epidemiology*
  17. Syed Alwi SA, Lee PY, Awi I, Mallik PS, Md Haizal MN
    Climacteric, 2009 Dec;12(6):548-56.
    PMID: 19905907 DOI: 10.3109/13697130902919519
    OBJECTIVES:
    To document the common menopausal symptoms and quality of life in indigenous women of Sarawak in Malaysia.

    METHODS:
    A face-to-face interview using the Menopause-specific Quality of Life questionnaire was conducted with 276 indigenous Sarawakian women aged 40-65 years to determine the mean age of menopause and common symptoms (divided into vasomotor, psychosocial, physical and sexual domains) associated with menopause.

    RESULTS:
    The mean age at menopause of postmenopausal women was 50.78 +/- 2.47 years (range 47.3-58.2 years). The most common symptoms reported were aching in muscles and joints (82.6%), lack of energy (77.5%) and low backache (77.2%). The typical menopausal symptoms of hot flushes, night sweats, sweating and vaginal dryness were experienced by 42.4%, 34.8%, 29.7% and 49.3%, respectively of the women studied. Perimenopausal women (n = 114) experienced the most physical and psychosocial symptoms, while postmenopausal women (n = 102) experienced most sexual symptoms. Perimenopausal and postmenopausal women were reported to suffer more than premenopausal women (p < 0.001) within the four domains of symptoms (vasomotor, psychosocial, physical and sexual).

    CONCLUSIONS:
    The menopausal symptoms in this study correspond to those in other studies on Asian women but the prevalence of typical and classical menopausal symptoms was lower compared to studies on Caucasian women. The perimenopausal women had the most significant decrease in quality of life, followed by postmenopausal women and premenopausal women. Vasomotor symptoms had a predominant influence on the quality of life.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/epidemiology
  18. Zahran MH, Fahmy O, El-Hefnawy AS, Ali-El-Dein B
    Climacteric, 2016 Dec;19(6):546-550.
    PMID: 27649461
    OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of radical cystectomy and urinary diversion on female sexual function.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Medline search was conducted according to the PRISMA statement for all English full-text articles published between 1980 and 2016 and assessing female sexual function post radical cystectomy and urinary diversion. Eligible studies were subjected to critical analysis and revision. The primary outcomes were the reporting methods for female sexual dysfunction (FSD), manifestations of FSD, and factors associated with FSD, postoperative recoverability of FSD, and awareness level regarding FSD.

    RESULTS: From the resulting 117 articles, 11 studies were finally included in our systematic review, with a total of 361 women. Loss of sexual desire and orgasm disorders were the most frequently reported (49% and 39%). Dyspareunia and vaginal lubrication disorders were reported in 25% and 9.5%, respectively. The incidence of sexual dysfunction was 10% in 30 patients receiving genital- or nerve-sparing cystectomy vs. 59% receiving conventional cystectomy.

    CONCLUSION: Although female sexual function is an important predictor of health-related quality of life post radical cystectomy and urinary diversion, the available literature is not enough to provide proper information for surgeons and patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/epidemiology*
  19. Nicolosi A, Glasser DB, Kim SC, Marumo K, Laumann EO, GSSAB Investigators' Group
    BJU Int, 2005 Mar;95(4):609-14.
    PMID: 15705089
    To study sexual activity, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction and related help-seeking behaviour among middle-aged and elderly people in Asia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/epidemiology*
  20. Ho CC, Singam P, Hong GE, Zainuddin ZM
    Asian J Androl, 2011 Jul;13(4):537-42.
    PMID: 21643001 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2010.135
    Sex has always been a taboo subject in Asian society. However, over the past few years, awareness in the field of men's sexual health has improved, and interest in sexual health research has recently increased. The epidemiology and prevalence of erectile dysfunction, hypogonadism and premature ejaculation in Asia are similar in the West. However, several issues are specific to Asian males, including culture and beliefs, awareness, compliance and the availability of traditional/complementary medicine. In Asia, sexual medicine is still in its infancy, and a concerted effort from the government, relevant societies, physicians and the media is required to propel sexual medicine to the forefront of health care.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/epidemiology*
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