Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 135 in total

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  1. Zulfikri N, Selvanayagam VS, Yusof A
    J Sport Rehabil, 2021 Jan 19;30(5):717-724.
    PMID: 33465761 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2019-0483
    CONTEXT: Badminton continues to be a highly competitive sport where training is introduced at an early age and load has intensified. This exposes players to a greater risk of injuries, in particular when assessing related training outcomes such as strength, agonist-antagonist ratio, and bilateral deficit among adolescents where age- and sex-associated growth and development should be considered.

    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate strength profile of the upper and lower limbs among adolescent elite Malaysian badminton players.

    DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.

    SETTING: Laboratory.

    PARTICIPANTS: Forty-eight asymptomatic athletes (24 males and 24 females) were grouped into early and late adolescence (13-14 y old and 15-17 y old, respectively).

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Strength (absolute and normalized) of the external/internal rotators of the shoulder and flexor/extensor of the knee and strength derivatives, conventional strength ratio (CSR), dynamic control ratio (DCR), and bilateral deficits were measured.

    RESULTS: Males showed greater strength in all strength indices (P < .05). The older group had greater strength compared to younger for most of the upper and lower limb indices (P < .05); these effects diminished when using normalized data. For females, there was no age group effect in the shoulder and knee strength. All players displayed lower shoulder and knee normative values for CSR and DCR. Dominant and non-dominant knee strength were comparable between sex and age groups.

    CONCLUSIONS: For males, growth and maturation had a greater contribution to strength gained compared to training, whereas for females, growth, maturation, and training did not improve strength. The normalized data indicated that training did not improve all indices measured apart from external rotator strength in females. All players also displayed lower normative values of CSR and DCR. These results suggest that training in elite adolescent Malaysian badminton players lacks consideration of strength gain and injury risk factors.

    Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder Joint/physiology*
  2. Zamri EN, Moy FM, Hoe VC
    PLoS One, 2017;12(2):e0172195.
    PMID: 28234933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172195
    BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal pain is common among teachers. Work-related psychosocial factors are found to be associated with the development of musculoskeletal pain, however psychological distress may also play an important role.

    OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of self-reported low back pain (LBP), and neck and/or shoulder pain (NSP) among secondary school teachers; and to evaluate the association of LBP and NSP with psychological distress and work-related psychosocial factors.

    METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among teachers in the state of Penang, Malaysia. The participants were recruited via a two stage sampling method. Information on demographic, psychological distress, work-related psychosocial factors, and musculoskeletal pain (LBP and NSP) in the past 12 months was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Poisson regression was used to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) for the associations between psychological distress and work-related psychosocial factors with LBP and NSP.

    RESULTS: The prevalence of self-reported LBP and NSP among 1482 teachers in the past 12 months was 48.0% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 45.2%, 50.9%) and 60.1% (95% CI 57.4%, 62.9%) respectively. From the multivariate analysis, self-reported LBP was associated with teachers who reported severe to extremely severe depression (PR: 1.71, 95% CI 1.25, 2.32), severe to extremely severe anxiety (1.46, 95% CI 1.22, 1.75), high psychological job demand (1.29, 95% CI 1.06, 1.57), low skill discretion (1.28, 95% CI 1.13, 1.47) and poorer mental health (0.98, 95% CI 0.97, 0.99). Self-reported NSP was associated with mild to moderate anxiety (1.18, 95% CI 1.06, 1.33), severe to extremely severe anxiety (1.25, 95% CI 1.09, 1.43), low supervisory support (1.13, 95% CI 1.03, 1.25) and poorer mental health (0.98, 95% CI 0.97, 0.99).

    CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported LBP and NSP were common among secondary school teachers. Interventions targeting psychological distress and work-related psychosocial characteristics may reduce musculoskeletal pain among school teachers.

    Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder Pain
  3. Zainal Abidin I, Zulkarnaen AN, Dk Norlida AO, Wai Hoong C, Huong Ling L
    Malays J Med Sci, 2012 Oct;19(4):72-6.
    PMID: 23613651 MyJurnal
    The shoulder and axillary regions contain various complex anatomical structures in close proximity, many of which can give rise to neoplasms. Determining the origin and hence the exact diagnosis of advanced (diffuse) tumours in this region may become problematic. In view of the tumour morphology and the affected location in this case, we highlighted the importance of Hodgkin lymphoma immunohistochemistry interpretation in a tumour which was initially suspected to be a soft tissue sarcoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder
  4. Yuen GK, Clements JB, Ramalingam V, Sundar V
    Clin Ter, 2021 Mar 15;172(2):163-167.
    PMID: 33763681 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2021.2305
    Conclusion: The obtained results conclude piano players are highly prone to the risk of developing PRMSD in the upper body.

    Results: The findings showed piano players have a higher NDI, lower CVA, and RSP when compared with the non-piano players at a statistically significant level of p-value <0.05.

    Objective: Playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMSD) are a common problem for the pianist. The poor upper body ergonomics influences the natural positioning of the neck and shoulders, which involves forward head posture (FHP) and rounded shoulder posture (RSP). This misaligned position could produce a sensation of pain over the upper body, which affects the piano player and computer users with similar ergonomic posture. Recently, photogrammetry methods are commonly applied in a clinical setting to assess posture. The goal of this research is to compare the upper body playing-related muscu-loskeletal disorders between the piano and the non-piano players by applying photogrammetry.

    Materials and Methods: This causal-comparative study includes 70 participants with 35 piano and 35 non-piano players. The participant's FHP was assessed using a digitized photo to record the Craniovertebral angle (CVA) with the support of Kinovea software. Besides, digital Vernier Calliper used to assess the scapular index on the RSP and Neck disability indices (NDI) used to measure neck pain and functional disability of the participants.

    Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder/physiopathology
  5. Yeap JS, Lee DJK, Fazir M, Borhan TAM, Kareem BA
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Dec;59 Suppl F:19-23.
    PMID: 15941156 MyJurnal
    The case notes of 102 patients (117 shoulder dislocations) were reviewed retrospectively to improve the understanding of the epidemiology of this common injury. Eighty-one dislocations were primary and 36 dislocations were second or recurrent dislocations. The age distribution was characterized by a peak in male patients aged between 21-30 years. The mean age for males was 30.5 years and 47.7 years for females. The male:female ratio in first time dislocations was 5:2, while it was 5:1 in recurrent dislocations. Ninety-eight percent were anterior dislocations and 2% were posterior dislocations. Greater tuberosity fractures were found in 17 patients and almost half of these patients were aged between 41-50 years. The most common cause of first time dislocation was a direct blow or fall onto the shoulder, accounting for 42 patients (55%). The majority of these patients were aged 40 years and above. Next common cause was motor vehicle accident which occurred mostly in the younger age group. Dislocations due to sporting injuries accounted for only 5.3% of all first time dislocations. Nearly 97% were successfully reduced without a general anaesthesia. Seventy-seven percent of the patients had their shoulders immobilized after reduction, mostly with body strapping only. Fifteen patients (14.7%) were referred for physiotherapy for stiffness. Few operations were performed for recurrent dislocations but surgery does not appear to be well accepted as yet by our patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder Dislocation/etiology; Shoulder Dislocation/epidemiology*
  6. Yeap JS, Lee DJK, Fazir M, Kareem BA, Yeap JK
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Oct;59(4):450-4.
    PMID: 15779576
    A retrospective study was conducted to determine the incidence of nerve injuries in anterior dislocations of the shoulder and to determine if a neurological examination is routinely performed in such cases. One hundred and fifteen shoulder dislocations in 100 patients (74 males, 26 females; mean age 35+/-18 years) were reviewed. Eighty-seven patients were examined for neurological injuries prior to reduction and 8 of these patients (9.2%) were found to have sustained neurological injuries. Following reduction, neurological examination was performed in 85 patients. Three patients who were not examined initially prior to reduction were subsequently found to have nerve injuries after reduction. Seven patients (7%) were not examined for neurological injury both before and after reduction of the dislocation. Eleven patients were found to have sustained nerve injuries in the final analysis. Axillary nerve injuries were the most common, occurring in 8 patients. In conclusion, nerve injuries are common in shoulder dislocations. The importance of performing and documenting the findings of neurological examination anterior shoulder dislocations needs to be reiterated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder Dislocation/complications*
  7. Yeap JS, Noor Zehan AR, Ezlan S, Borhan Tan A, Harwant S
    Med J Malaysia, 2001 Jun;56 Suppl C:13-8.
    PMID: 11814242
    The functional outcome of 27 patients (16 males, 11 females) with a proximal humeral fracture was evaluated using the Simple Shoulder Test. Fifteen patients were also assessed using the Constant system. The mean age of the patients was 46.3 years (range 16-90 years) and the mean follow-up was 14 months (range 6-29 months). There were ten 2-part fractures, eight minimally displaced fractures, two 3-part fractures, three 4-part fractures, three 1-part fracture-dislocations and one 3 parts fracture-dislocation. Twenty-four fractures were treated conservatively and 3 surgically. Thirteen patients (48%) regained full function on the simple shoulder test and almost all regained range of movement sufficient for activities of daily living. Six patients were not able to return to their previous job. All patients were pain free at rest and were able to sleep on the affected side comfortably, although 9 patients had pain with activity, even though most pain were mild in nature. The mean Constant scores for the fractured arm and the normal arm were 72.5 points and 91 points respectively. The strength of shoulder abduction was reduced by a mean of 34%. Although the outcome was generally satisfactory, there was nevertheless a statistically significant deterioration of function following the fracture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder Fractures/therapy*
  8. Yahya, N.A., Youngson, C.C.
    Ann Dent, 2007;14(1):7-13.
    MyJurnal
    The purpose of this study were to compare the emergence profiles of crowns with their contralateral tooth, in vitro, and to determine if there is any association between the design of tooth preparations and the resultant emergence profile. 50 working models used for single crown construction were examined. Measurements of the faciolingual width of the crowns and contralateral teeth were taken using digital calipers. Internal line angles and the margin width of dies and the emergence profile of the corresponding crowns were measured from longitudinally sectioned polyvinylsiloxane indices mounted on a flat-bed scanner using image analysis software. Using Students t tests, no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were found for shoulder width (mean 0.94 ± 0.23mm), internal line angle (mean 105.83 ± 13.57°) or emergence profiles (28.56 ± 12.95°) in the different (anterior, premolar or molar) preparations or crowns. The mean emergence profiles for all crowns was statistically significantly greater (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder
  9. Wong ELW, Kwan MK, Loh WYC, Ahmad TS
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl C:72-7.
    PMID: 16381288
    Shoulder arthrodesis is a secondary reconstructive option for patients with brachial plexus injuries requiring a stable shoulder. This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of shoulder fusion in six patients with flail upper limbs following complete brachial plexus injuries. The shoulder was fused in 30 degrees abduction, 30 degrees internal rotation and 30 degrees flexion via a direct lateral approach by using a 4.5 mm reconstruction plate without bone grafting. The average follow-up was 10.3 months. Radiological union was obtained in all patients. Five patients (83%) had relief of pain after the shoulder fusion. Improvement of function was observed in all patients with a mean improvement of 56.6 degrees (range 30 degrees-75 degrees) and 47.5 degrees (range 30 degrees-60 degrees) active flexion and abduction respectively. One patient developed humeral fracture distal to the plate and the fracture eventually healed with a splint. Successful stable fusion of the shoulder in patients with brachial plexus injuries requires rigid fixation with a single 4.5 mm reconstruction plate, protection of bone healing with a triangular abduction brace for 12 weeks and functional trapezius, levator scapulae, serratus anterior and rhomboid muscles for optimizing the functional result.
    Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder Joint/surgery*
  10. Widiastuti-Samekto M, Sianturi GP
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Aug;59(3):312-6.
    PMID: 15727375
    Twenty-six patients with frozen shoulder syndrome (Stage 2 and 3) were included in this study conducted at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia and randomly allocated into 2 groups: 40 mg triamcinolone intra-articular injection and triamcinolone oral tablets. The result showed that triamcinolone intra-articular injection group "cured" rate was 5.8 times higher at week one compared to the triamcinolone tablet group. Sixty-two percent of the cases with triamcinolone intra-articular injection achieved their "cured" condition after one week of therapy, compared with only 14% of the triamcinolone tablets group. We conclude that, intra-articular corticosteroid injection provide faster improvement compared to oral route.
    Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder Joint/pathology*; Shoulder Pain/drug therapy; Shoulder Pain/etiology
  11. Wang C, Bea K, Zulkiflee O
    Malays Orthop J, 2013 Nov;7(3):18-20.
    PMID: 25674302 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1311.002
    Clavicle fracture is commonly treated conservatively. However uncommon complication can arise causing impingement. We report a patient who sustained distal clavicle fracture and was treated conservatively. However he developed persistent shoulder pain that affected his daily life. Shoulder impingement was diagnosed and arthroscopic subacromioclavicular decompression was done. Following early physiotherapy the early recovery was good with full range of motion of the shoulder.
    Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder; Shoulder Impingement Syndrome; Shoulder Pain
  12. Wahab AHA, Saad APM, Harun MN, Syahrom A, Ramlee MH, Sulong MA, et al.
    J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2019 03;91:406-415.
    PMID: 30684888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.12.033
    Intact glenoid labrum is one of passive stabilizer for glenohumeral joint, which have various stiffness at different region. The aim of this study is to develop new artificial glenoid labrum from Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) hydrogel, which known as good biomaterial due to its biocompatibility and ability to tailor its modulus. PVA hydrogel was formed using freeze-thaw (FT) method and the stiffness of PVA was controlled by manipulating the concentration of PVA and number of FT cycles. Then, the gradual stiffness was formed using simple diffusion method by introducing the pre-freeze-and-thaw steps. The results showed 20% PVA with three FT cycles suit to highest stiffness of glenoid labrum while 10% PVA with three FT cycles suit to lowest stiffness of glenoid labrum. The functionally graded PVA hydrogel was then developed using the same method by diffusing two mixture (20% PVA and 10% PVA). Mechanical compression test showed, the highest modulus (0.41 MPa) found at the 20% PVA region and lowest modulus (0.1 MPa) found at 10% PVA region. While, at intermediate region, the compressive modulus was in between 20% and 10%, 0.2 MPa. The existence of gradual stiffness was further prove by checking crystallinity of material at each region using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Wide Angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD). Microstructure of material was obtained from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). This functionally graded PVA hydrogel also able to reduce about 51% of stress at glenoid implant and up to 17% for micromotion at the interfaces. Existence of artificial glenoid labrum could minimize the occurrence of glenoid component loosening.
    Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder Joint*
  13. Wahab AHA, Saad APM, Syahrom A, Kadir MRA
    Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin, 2020 Apr;23(5):182-190.
    PMID: 31910663 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2019.1709828
    Glenoid perforation is not the intended consequence of the surgery and must be avoided. The analysis on biomechanical aspect of glenoid vault perforation remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of glenoid perforation towards stress distribution and micromotion at the interfaces. Eight glenoid implant models had been constructed with various size, number and type of fixation. A load of 750 N was applied to centre, superior-anterior and superior-posterior area. Implant perforation had minimal impact on stress distribution and micromotion at the interfaces. However, cement survival rate for implant without perforation was the highest with a difference of up to 37% compared to other perforated models. Besides that, implant fixation and high stresses at the implant had more of an impact on implant instability than implant perforation. As a conclusion, glenoid perforation did not influence the stress distribution and micromotion, but, it reduced cement survival rate and increase the stress critical volume.
    Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder Joint/surgery*; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder*
  14. Usman J, McIntosh AS, Quarrie K, Targett S
    J Sci Med Sport, 2015 Sep;18(5):529-33.
    PMID: 25156881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.07.020
    Shoulder injuries in rugby union football have been the focus of few in-depth studies, despite their frequency and severity. The study's objective was to describe the incidence, patterns and mechanisms of shoulder injuries in rugby.
    Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder/injuries*
  15. Ting SL, Saimon R, Rahman MM, Safii R, Ho SL, John N, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2020 11;75(6):649-654.
    PMID: 33219172
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Physical and behavioural problems from extended usage of electronic devices are issues among primary school children. This study is aimed to investigate the prevalence of physical and behavioural complaints arising from the electronic device usage and to identify the potential factors that predicted the complaints.

    METHODS: This was a primary school-based cross-sectional study using multistage cluster sampling, conducted at Bau district in Sarawak, Malaysia in 40 primary schools. A questionnaire was used to collect information of usage pattern in insufficient lighting, timing and position. The physical and behavioural complaints were traced. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. A p-value < 0.05 with 95% CI was considered as statistically significant.

    RESULTS: About 52.8% of the 569 students used digital devices in a bright room, 69.8% in the day time and 54.4% in sitting position. The physical complaints were headache (32.9%), neck, shoulder and back pain (32.9%) followed by by eye strain (31.8%). Regarding behavioural problems, 25.7% of the students had loss of interest in study and outdoor activities (20.7%), skipped meals (19.0%) and arguments/disagreements with parents (17.9%). After logistic regression analysis, the lying position (OR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.096, 2.688) and darkroom lighting (OR=2.323 95% CI: 1.138, 4.744) appeared to be potential predictors of the complaint.

    CONCLUSION: One-quarter of the students studied experienced physical complaints, and one-fifth had behavioural problems associated with the use of electronic devices. Lying position and darkroom lighting are the potential predictors of complaints. Therefore, we suggest that the children should use electronic devices in the sitting position with adequate room lighting.

    Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder
  16. Teo Chuun, B., Dian Darina Indah, D., Darliana, M.
    MyJurnal
    This study is aimed at seat design optimization for high-speed train based on the Malaysians sitting anthropometry
    data focusing on seat fit parameters. An analysis of anthropometry data composed of 15 dimensions that are
    required in seat design was done with 50 male subjects. These data were collected through direct measuring
    methods with standard equipment. According to the Malaysian automotive seat fit parameters, the backrest width,
    backrest height, cushion width, and cushion length were established based on these anthropometric dimensions:
    interscye breadth (5th percentile female and 95th percentile male), hip breadth (95th percentile female), sitting
    shoulder height (5th percentile female), and buttock-popliteal length (5th percentile female), respectively. This
    study uses the CATIA software to design and analyse the proposed seat design. The fit parameters proposed for the
    new design are seat height, 380mm; cushion width, 450mm; backrest width, 450mm and backrest height, 850mm.
    The CATIA human activity analysis (based on Rapid Upper Limb Analysis, RULA) was also executed. From the study,
    the new conceptual seat design gives the most optimized fit when compared to the current seat.
    Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder
  17. Tan, K.K., Ibrahim, S.
    Malays Orthop J, 2007;1(1):45-46.
    MyJurnal
    We report a case of a broken K-wire migrating to the cervical spine from the right clavicle in a 9-year-old child. The initial diagnosis, fracture of the clavicle with an acromioclavicular joint dislocation, was treated by open reduction and K-wiring. One K-wire broke and migrated to the neck, posterolateral to the C6 vertebra. The K-wire was removed percutaneously under image intensification. Acromioclavicular joint dislocation in children is rare since the distal clavicle does not ossify until the age of 18 or 19 years meaning that almost all closed fractures of the clavicle in children can be treated nonoperatively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder Dislocation
  18. Tan GJS, Tan AGS, Peh WCG
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jun;63(2):164-5.
    PMID: 18942311
    A 74-year-old woman was incidentally found to have a left breast mass. The mass could not be adequately compressed to be visualized on mammography. Ultrasonography showed a heavily-calcified rounded mass in the left axillary tail of the left breast. Chest radiograph confirmed that the mass was a migrated humeral head. Remotely-displaced fracture-dislocations of the humeral head are very rare and to our knowledge, displacement into the breast, clinically mimicking a breast mass, has not been previously described.
    Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder Dislocation/complications*; Shoulder Fractures/complications*
  19. Tamadon A, Pons DJ, Clucas D, Sued K
    Materials (Basel), 2019 Oct 01;12(19).
    PMID: 31581446 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193215
    One of the difficulties with bobbin friction stir welding (BFSW) has been the visualisation of microstructure, particularly grain boundaries, and this is especially problematic for materials with fine grain structure, such as AA6082-T6 aluminium as here. Welds of this material were examined using optical microscopy (OM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Results show that the grain structures that form depend on a complex set of factors. The motion of the pin and shoulder features transports material around the weld, which induces shear. The shear deformation around the pin is non-uniform with a thermal and strain gradient across the weld, and hence the dynamic recrystallisation (DRX) processes are also variable, giving a range of observed polycrystalline and grain boundary structures. Partial DRX was observed at both hourglass boundaries, and full DRX at mid-stirring zone. The grain boundary mapping showed the formation of low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) at regions of high shear as a consequence of thermomechanical nature of the process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder
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