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  1. Fulltext EFFECT OF PEA PROTEIN ISOLATE, CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE, PECTIN AND THEIR INTERACTION ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS
    NG PEI QI, NOR HAYATI IBRAHIM, AZLIN SHAFRINA HASIM
    UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2019;1(2):8-18.
    MyJurnal
    Biopolymer interaction in oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions has been demonstrated to positively modify the emulsion physicochemical properties which lead to desirable stability. The present work focused on the effect of pea protein isolate (PPI), pectin, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and their interaction on physicochemical properties and oxidative stability of o/w emulsions using a mixture design approach. The emulsions were prepared with 40 % sunflower oil stabilized with 1 % of PPI, pectin and CMC, respectively, as well as their mixtures according to a simplex-centroid design (10 points). ThepH values for all emulsions were within acidic condition (3.22 to 4.66) and increased significantly (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium
  2. Selection of inactivation medium for fungal spores in clinical wastes by supercritical carbon dioxide
    Noman E, Norulaini Nik Ab Rahman N, Al-Gheethi A, Nagao H, Talip BA, Ab Kadir O
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2018 Aug;25(22):21682-21692.
    PMID: 29785605 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2335-1
    The present study aimed to select the best medium for inactivation of Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus spp. in section Nigri, A. niger, A. terreus var. terreus, A. tubingensis, Penicillium waksmanii, P. simplicissimum, and Aspergillus sp. strain no. 145 spores in clinical wastes by using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). There were three types of solutions used including normal saline, seawater, distilled water, and physiological saline with 1% of methanol; each solution was tested at 5, 10, and 20 mL of the water contents. The experiments were conducted at the optimum operating parameters of supercritical carbon dioxide (30 MPa, 75 °C, 90 min). The results showed that the inactivation rate was more effective in distilled water with the presence of 1% methanol (6 log reductions). Meanwhile, the seawater decreases inactivation rate more than normal saline (4.5 vs. 5.1 log reduction). On the other hand, the experiments performed with different volumes of distilled water (5, 10, and 20 mL) indicated that A. niger spores were completely inactivated with 10 mL of distilled water. The inactivation rate of fungal spores decreased from 6 to 4.5 log as the amount of distilled water increased from 10 to 20 mL. The analysis for the spore morphology of A. fumigatus and Aspergillus spp. in section Nigri using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has revealed the role of temperature and pressure in the SC-CO2 in the destruction of the cell walls of the spores. It can be concluded that the distilled water represent the best medium for inactivation of fungal spores in the clinical solid wastes by SC-CO2.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride
  3. Fulltext Physical and conductivity studies of plasticised Methyl Cellulose-Lithium Triflate based polymer electrolyte
    Nursyahida Sahli, Nordiana Nabilla Ramly, Muhd Zu Azhan Yahya, Ab Malik Marwan Ali
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(103):183-190.
    MyJurnal
    Solid polymer electrolyte based on methyl cellulose (MC)-lithium triflate (LiCF3SO3) plasticised with ethylene carbonate (EC) was prepared using solution cast technique. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies proved that the amorphous nature of the electrolyte systems was increases due to the addition of salt and plasticiser. The improved surface morphology of plasticised polymer system ensures it has good electrode-electrolyte contact during performance testing. The polymer electrolyte was found to have high thermal stability indicating that the electrolyte can be used at higher temperature. The ionic conductivity increased up to 1.24 x 10-4 S cm-1 at optimum amount of EC plasticiser associated to the effect of plasticiser that initially leads to the formation of Li+-EC complex. Consequently, it reduces the fraction of polymer-Li+ complex which contributes to the increase of the segmental chain flexibility in the plasticized system. Temperature dependent studies indicate ionic conductivity increase due to the temperature increase and is in line with Arrhenius behaviour pattern. An activation energy of 0.26 eV at highest conductivity sample was obtained. The addition of plasticiser lowers the activation energy thus increasing the ion mobility of the system and contributing to ionic conductivity increment. The plasticization method is a promising means to dealing with the solid polymer electrolyte problem and producing electrolytes that meet the needs of electrochemical devices.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride
  4. Fulltext Evaluation of the effect of soluble polysaccharides of palm kernel cake as a potential prebiotic on the growth of probiotics
    Bello B, Mustafa S, Tan JS, Ibrahim TAT, Tam YJ, Ariff AB, et al.
    3 Biotech, 2018 Aug;8(8):346.
    PMID: 30073131 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1362-4
    This paper deliberates the extraction, characterization and examination of potential application of soluble polysaccharides of palm kernel cake (PKC) as a prebiotic. The PKC was defatted and crude polysaccharide was obtained through water, citric acid or NaOH extraction. The physiochemical properties of the extracted polysaccharides viz. total carbohydrates, protein content, solubility rate, monosaccharides composition, structural information and thermal properties were also determined. The extracted soluble polysaccharides were further subjected to a digestibility test using artificial human gastric juice. Finally, their prebiotic potential on two probiotics, namely Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 and Lb. rhamnosus ATCC 53103 were evaluated in vitro. It was observed that PKC contained ash (5.2%), moisture (7.4%), carbohydrates (65.8%), protein (16.5%) and fat (5.1%). There were significant differences (P  95%). Protein content in SCPW, SCPCA and SCPN are 0.72, 0.40 and 0.58, respectively, and the peaks which indicated the presence of protein were observed at approximately 1640 cm-1 (amide I). FTIR spectroscopy revealed that the polysaccharides extracts were linked to β and α-glycosidic bonds and thermal analysis using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) showed the main degradation temperature of SP is about 121 to 125 °C. The SP were found to be highly resistance (> 96%) to hydrolysis when subjected to artificial human gastric juice. The prebiotics potentials of the polysaccharides on probiotics in vitro demonstrated an increase in proliferation of Lb. plantarum ATCC 8014 and Lb. rhamnosus ATCC 53103 with decrease in the pH of the medium and producing organic acids.All the above findings strongly indicated that polysaccharides extracted from PKC, an industrial waste, have a potential to be exploited as novel prebiotics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Hydroxide
  5. Fulltext Synthesis, in-Vitro and in Silico Studies of Azo-Based Calix[4]arenes as Antibacterial Agent and Neuraminidase Inhibitor: A New Look Into an Old Scaffold
    Ali Y, Muhamad Bunnori N, Susanti D, Muhammad Alhassan A, Abd Hamid S
    Front Chem, 2018;6:210.
    PMID: 29946538 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00210
    Calixarene derivatives are reported as potential therapeutic agents. Azo derivatives of calixarenes have not been given much consideration to explore their biomedical applications. In the present study, some azo-based derivatives of calix[4]arene were synthesized and characterized and their antibacterial and antiviral potentials were studied. The mono azo products of sulphanilamide, sulfaguanidine and 2-methyl-4-aminobenzoic acid showed good activity against bacterial strains with minimum inhibition concentration values ranging from 0.97 to 62.5 μg/mL. For mono azo products, the diazotized salt was applied as a limiting reagent. The use of calix[4]arene and sodium acetate trihydrate in 1:3 (molar ratio) helped in partial substitution. Molecular docking was performed to see the interaction of the designed compounds with two bacterial and one viral (neuraminidase) receptor. Some of the derivatives showed good interaction with the active site of bacterial and neuraminidase enzymes through hydrogen, hydrophobic and pi-pi interactions, and could inhibit the activity of the selected enzymes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride; Sodium Acetate
  6. Fulltext Effect of salinity on biomass yield and physiological and stem-root anatomical characteristics of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) accessions
    Alam MA, Juraimi AS, Rafii MY, Abdul Hamid A
    Biomed Res Int, 2015;2015:105695.
    PMID: 25802833 DOI: 10.1155/2015/105695
    13 selected purslane accessions were subjected to five salinity levels 0, 8, 16, 24, and 32 dS m(-1). Salinity effect was evaluated on the basis of biomass yield reduction, physiological attributes, and stem-root anatomical changes. Aggravated salinity stress caused significant (P < 0.05) reduction in all measured parameters and the highest salinity showed more detrimental effect compared to control as well as lower salinity levels. The fresh and dry matter production was found to increase in Ac1, Ac9, and Ac13 from lower to higher salinity levels but others were badly affected. Considering salinity effect on purslane physiology, increase in chlorophyll content was seen in Ac2, Ac4, Ac6, and Ac8 at 16 dS m(-1) salinity, whereas Ac4, Ac9, and Ac12 showed increased photosynthesis at the same salinity levels compared to control. Anatomically, stem cortical tissues of Ac5, Ac9, and Ac12 were unaffected at control and 8 dS m(-1) salinity but root cortical tissues did not show any significant damage except a bit enlargement in Ac12 and Ac13. A dendrogram was constructed by UPGMA based on biomass yield and physiological traits where all 13 accessions were grouped into 5 clusters proving greater diversity among them. The 3-dimensional principal component analysis (PCA) has also confirmed the output of grouping from cluster analysis. Overall, salinity stressed among all 13 purslane accessions considering biomass production, physiological growth, and anatomical development Ac9 was the best salt-tolerant purslane accession and Ac13 was the most affected accession.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride/metabolism
  7. Magnetite carboxymethylcellulose as biological macromolecule-based absorbent for cationic dyes removal from environmental samples
    Vijayasree VP, Abdul Manan NS
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2023 Jul 01;242(Pt 1):124723.
    PMID: 37148927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124723
    In this study, magnetite carboxymethylcellulose (CMC@Fe3O4) composite as magnetic biological molecules were synthetized for the use as adsorbent to remove four types of cationic dyes, namely Methylene Blue, Rhodamine B, Malachite Green, and Methyl Violet from aqueous solution. The characteristic of the adsorbent was achieved by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), X-ray Diffraction, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis techniques. Besides, essential influencing parameters of dye adsorption; the solution pH, solution temperature, contact time, adsorbent concentration and initial dye dosage were studied. FESEM analysis showed the magnetic Fe3O4-TB, Fe3O4@SiO2, Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2 and CMC@Fe3O4 composites were in spherical shape, with average size of 43.0 nm, 92.5 nm, 134.0 nm and 207.5 nm, respectively. On the saturation magnetization (Ms), the results obtained were 55.931 emu/g, 34.557 emu/g, 33.236 emu/g and 11.884 emu/g. From the sorption modelling of Isotherms, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics, the adsorption capacity of dyes is (MB = 103.33 mg/g), (RB = 109.60 mg/g), (MG = 100.08 mg/g) and (MV = 107.78 mg/g). With all the adsorption processes exhibited as exothermic reactions. The regeneration and reusability of the synthetized biological molecules-based adsorbent was also assessed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium/chemistry
  8. Fulltext Physiological and growth responses of six turfgrass species relative to salinity tolerance
    Uddin K, Juraimi AS, Ismail MR, Hossain A, Othman R, Abdul Rahim A
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2012;2012:905468.
    PMID: 22666166 DOI: 10.1100/2012/905468
    The demand for salinity-tolerant turfgrasses is increasing due to augmented use of effluent or low-quality water (sea water) for turf irrigation and the growing turfgrass industry in coastal areas. Experimental plants, grown in plastic pots filled with a mixture of river sand and KOSAS(R) peat (9 : 1), were irrigated with sea water at different dilutions imparting salinity levels of 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, or 48 dS m⁻¹. Salinity tolerance was evaluated on the basis of leaf firing, shoot and root growth reduction, proline content, and relative water content. Paspalum vaginatum was found to be most salt tolerant followed by Zoysia japonica and Zoysia matrella, while Digitaria didactyla, Cynodon dactylon "Tifdwarf," and Cynodon dactylon "Satiri" were moderately tolerant. The results indicate the importance of turfgrass varietal selection for saline environments.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride/pharmacology*
  9. Mixed convection flow of viscoelastic nanofluid past a horizontal circular cylinder with viscous dissipation
    Rahimah Mahat, Noraihan Afiqah Rawi, Sharidan Shafie, Abdul Rahman Mohd Kasim
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:1617-1623.
    The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of viscous dissipation on mixed convection flow of viscoelastic
    nanofluid past a horizontal circular cylinder. Carboxymethyl cellulose solution (CMC) is chosen as the base fluid and
    copper as a nanoparticle with the Prandtl number Pr = 6.2. The transformed boundary layer equations for momentum
    and temperature subject to the appropriate boundary conditions are solved numerically by using Keller-box method. The
    influenced of the dimensionless parameters such as Eckert number, mixed convection parameter, nanoparticles volume
    fraction and viscoelastic parameter on the flow and heat transfer characteristics is analyzed in detail and presented
    graphically. The results come out with the velocity profiles are increased while the temperature profiles are decreased
    by increasing the values of nanoparticles volume fraction and viscoelastic parameter, respectively. The graph shows
    that, increasing Eckert number the skin friction is also increases. The values of skin friction are increased by increasing
    mixed convection parameter, but the values of Nusselt number produce an opposite behavior. The present study has many
    applications especially in heat exchangers technology and oceanography. Therefore, in future, it is hoping to study the
    viscoelastic nanofluid flow past a different geometric such as sphere and cylindrical cone.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium
  10. Fulltext Molecular Cloning, Characterization, and Application of Organic Solvent-Stable and Detergent-Compatible Thermostable Alkaline Protease from Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius SKF4
    Allison SD, AdeelaYasid N, Shariff FM, Abdul Rahman N
    J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2024 Feb 28;34(2):436-456.
    PMID: 38044750 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2306.06050
    Several thermostable proteases have been identified, yet only a handful have undergone the processes of cloning, comprehensive characterization, and full exploitation in various industrial applications. Our primary aim in this study was to clone a thermostable alkaline protease from a thermophilic bacterium and assess its potential for use in various industries. The research involved the amplification of the SpSKF4 protease gene, a thermostable alkaline serine protease obtained from the Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius SKF4 bacterium through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The purified recombinant SpSKF4 protease was characterized, followed by evaluation of its possible industrial applications. The analysis of the gene sequence revealed an open reading frame (ORF) consisting of 1,206 bp, coding for a protein containing 401 amino acids. The cloned gene was expressed in Escherichia coli. The molecular weight of the enzyme was measured at 28 kDa using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The partially purified enzyme has its highest activity at a pH of 10 and a temperature of 80°C. In addition, the enzyme showed a half-life of 15 h at 80°C, and there was a 60% increase in its activity at 10 mM Ca2+ concentration. The activity of the protease was completely inhibited (100%) by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF); however, the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) resulted in a 20% increase in activity. The enzyme was also stable in various organic solvents and in certain commercial detergents. Furthermore, the enzyme exhibited strong potential for industrial use, particularly as a detergent additive and for facilitating the recovery of silver from X-ray film.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
  11. The effect of thyroxine on the renal function of asphyxiated neonates
    Rostenberghe, H.V., Haider, D., Abdullah, Y., Amir, H., Abdul Razak, A.R.
    Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 1998;10(2):19-23.
    MyJurnal
    Thyroxine has been shown to have a beneficial effect on renal function in cases of impending renal failure in ani-mal studies.'5 Studies of the use of thyroxine in humans in impending renal failure are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of oral thyroxine on the renal function of asphyxiated term neonates who often have renal impairment.
    A randomised control trial was conducted, involving 30 term asphyxiated neonates. The study group (n=15) was given thyroxine (50 pg) orally on days 1, 2 and 3 of life and placebo was given to the control group (n=15). Renal function was studied on day 1 and day 4 of life. The two groups did not differ significantly as regards gestational age, birth weight, severity of asphyxia, preg-nancy or delivery complications, fluids administered and drugs used. There was no significant difference in urine output, creatinine clearance and fractional excretion of sodium on day 1 but there was a trend towards a worse renal function on day 1 in the treatment group. The creatinine clearance was significantly better in the treat-ment group on day 4 (p = 0.017). Urine output and fractional excretion of sodium on day 4 were better in the treatment group but the differences did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.14 and 0.057 respectively). Statistical analysis on the differences between day 4 and day 1 showed statistical significance only for creatinine clearance: creatinine clearance day 4 minus creatinine clearance day 1 was 52.6 (±32.4) for the thyroxine group and 7.3 (±7.8) for the controls (p= 0.006).
    These data support the hypothesis that thyroxine may have a significant beneficial effect on the renal function in term neonates with perinatal asphyxia. Thyroxine may be proven useful in future for patients with impending renal failure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium; Sodium, Dietary
  12. Protein purification for the Lowry assay: acid precipitation of proteins in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and other biological detergents
    Yeang HY, Yusof F, Abdullah L
    Anal Biochem, 1998 Dec 15;265(2):381-4.
    PMID: 9882418
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/chemistry*
  13. Precipitation of Hevea brasiliensis latex proteins with trichloroacetic acid and phosphotungstic acid in preparation for the Lowry protein assay
    Yeang HY, Yusof F, Abdullah L
    Anal Biochem, 1995 Mar 20;226(1):35-43.
    PMID: 7785777
    Many proteins derived from the latex of Hevea brasiliensis that remain soluble in trichloroacetic acid (TCA) can be precipitated by phosphotungstic acid (PTA). A combination of 5% TCA and 0.2% PTA precipitates a wide range of proteins effectively even when they are present in low concentrations (below 1 microgram ml-1). In addition to its protein purification function, acid precipitation also increases the sensitivity of the subsequent protein assay by allowing the test sample to be concentrated. Another advantage of protein precipitation by TCA and PTA is that very small amounts of protein (of the order of 10 micrograms) can be repeatably recovered without the use of precipitate-bulking agents such as sodium deoxycholate. This general procedure of protein purification and concentration is simple and rapid, but the use of PTA may not be fully compatible with the Bradford protein assay. A modified Lowry microassay is described which enables about 3 micrograms ml-1 to be quantitated at the photometric absorbance of 0.05. When used in conjunction with protein concentration by precipitating with TCA/PTA, approximately 0.4 microgram ml-1 protein present in 6 ml of solution can be assayed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Hydroxide
  14. The PAL2 promoter activities in relation to structural development and adaptation in Arabidopsis thaliana
    Wong JH, Namasivayam P, Abdullah MP
    Planta, 2012 Feb;235(2):267-77.
    PMID: 21874349 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-011-1506-9
    Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) plays a major role in plant growth, development and adaptation. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the enzyme is encoded by four genes, namely PAL1, PAL2, PAL3, and PAL4 with PAL1 and PAL2 being closely related phylogenetically and functionally. PAL1 promoter activities are associated with plant development and are inducible by various stress agents. However, PAL2 promoter activities have not been functionally analysed. Here, we show that the PAL2 promoter activities are associated with the structural development of a plant and its organs. This function was inducible in an organ-specific manner by the avirulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (JL1065). The PAL2 promoter was active throughout the course of the plant development particularly in the root, rosette leaf, and inflorescence stem that provide the plant with structural support. In aerial organs, the levels of PAL2 promoter activities were negatively correlated with relative positions of the organs to the rosette leaves. The promoter was inducible in the root following an inoculation by JL1065 in the leaf suggesting PAL2 to be part of an induced defence system. Our results demonstrate how the PAL2 promoter activities are being coordinated and synchronised for the structural development of the plant and its organs based on the developmental programme. Under certain stress conditions the activity may be induced in favour of certain organs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride/pharmacology
  15. A randomized controlled trial of trigger finger release under digital anesthesia with (WALANT) and without adrenaline
    Mohd Rashid MZ, Sapuan J, Abdullah S
    J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2019 3 12;27(1):2309499019833002.
    PMID: 30852960 DOI: 10.1177/2309499019833002
    BACKGROUND:: Trigger finger release utilizing wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) usage in extremity surgery is not widely used in our setting due to the possibility of necrosis. Usage of a tourniquet is generally acceptable for providing surgical field hemostasis. We evaluate hemostasis score, surgical field visibility, onset and duration of anesthesia, pain score, and the duration of surgery and potential side effects of WALANT.

    METHODS:: Eighty-six patients scheduled for trigger finger release between July 2016 and December 2017 were randomized into a control group (1% lignocaine and 8.4% sodium bicarbonate with arm tourniquet; given 10 min prior to procedure) and an intervention group (1% lignocaine, 1:100,000 of adrenaline and 8.4% sodium bicarbonate; given 30 min prior to procedure), with a total of 4 ml of solution injected around the A1 pulley. The onset of anesthesia and pain score upon injection of the first 1 ml were recorded. After the procedure, the surgeon rated for the hemostasis score (1-10: 1 as no bleeding and 10 being profuse bleeding). Duration of surgery and return of sensation were recorded.

    RESULTS:: Hemostasis score was grouped into visibility score as 1-3: good, 4-6: moderate, and 7-10: poor. The intervention group (with adrenaline) had a 74% of good surgical field visibility compared to 44% from the controlled group (without adrenaline; p < 0.05). Duration of anesthesia was longer in the intervention group (with adrenaline), with a 2.77-h difference.

    CONCLUSION:: WALANT provides excellent surgical field visibility and is safe and on par with conventional methods but without the usage of a tourniquet and its associated discomfort.

    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Bicarbonate
  16. Fulltext Antimicrorobial evaluation of sodium hypochlorite and ozonated water on E. faecalis biofilm
    Ibrahim, N.Z., Abdullah, M.
    Ann Dent, 2008;15(1):20-26.
    MyJurnal
    This study aim to evaluate antimicrobial efficacy of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ozonated water against Enterococci faecalis biofilm. The bacterial biofilm was exposed to 2.62%, 1.31% NaOCl and 0.1 ppm ozonated water over a range of time periods. The presence of viable cells was determined by enumeration of colony forming units (CFU). All experiments were repeated four times (n=4). The effectiveness of the agents was compared using nonparametric Kruskal- Wallis test. The result revealed that 2.62% of NaOCl can completely kill E. faecalis biofilm in 15 minutes whereas 1.31 % NaOCl required a longer time to produce such effect. 0.1 ppm ozonated, however, did not exhibit any antimicrobial effect within the period of time tested. From this study, it can be concluded that 0.1 ppm ozonated water was not comparable with 2.62% and 1.31% NaOCl in antimicrobial efficacy against E. faecalis biofilm.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Hypochlorite
  17. Fulltext Edible mushrooms from malaysia; a literature review on their nutritional and medicinal properties
    Samsudin, N.I.P., Abdullah, N.
    International Food Research Journal, 2019;26(1):11-31.
    MyJurnal
    Mushrooms have been consumed by mankind for millennia. In Malaysia, there are many species of edible mushrooms which are either cultivated (Agaricus spp., Auricularia spp., Pleurotus spp.) or harvested in the wild (Ganoderma spp., Polyporus spp., Termitomyces spp.). With the advancement of technology, numerous discoveries have been made that elucidated the nutritional (high in fibres, proteins, vitamins; low in fats, cholesterols, sodium) and medicinal (anti-oxidative, anti-hypertensive, neuritogenesis) properties of edible mushrooms, all of which are highly beneficial for the maintenance of human health and well-being. This review thus compiles and documents the available literatures on edible mushrooms reported from Malaysia complete with scientific, English, and vernacular names for future references; provides a comprehensive and updated overview on the nutritional and medicinal properties edible mushrooms reported from Malaysia; and identifies the research gaps to promote further research and development on edible mushrooms reported from Malaysia. Overall, Malaysia is and remains a natural repository for wild and cultivated edible mushrooms. Deeper investigation on their nutritional and medicinal properties will certainly serve as an impetus for economic as well as scientific progress.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium
  18. Chiral separation of four stereoisomers of ketoconazole drugs using capillary electrophoresis
    Wan Ibrahim WA, Arsad SR, Maarof H, Sanagi MM, Aboul-Enein HY
    Chirality, 2015 Mar;27(3):223-7.
    PMID: 25523071 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22416
    This work aimed to develop a chiral separation method of ketoconazole enantiomers using electrokinetic chromatography. The separation was achieved using heptakis (2, 3, 6-tri-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (TMβCD), a commonly used chiral selector (CS), as it is relatively inexpensive and has a low UV absorbance in addition to an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The influence of TMβCD concentration, phosphate buffer concentration, SDS concentration, buffer pH, and applied voltage were investigated. The optimum conditions for chiral separation of ketoconazole was achieved using 10 mM phosphate buffer at pH 2.5 containing 20 mM TMβCD, 5 mM SDS, and 1.0% (v/v) methanol with an applied voltage of 25 kV at 25 °C with a 5-s injection time (hydrodynamic injection). The four ketoconazole stereoisomers were successfully resolved for the first time within 17 min (total analysis time was 28 min including capillary conditioning). The migration time precision of this method was examined to give repeatability and reproducibility with RSDs ≤5.80% (n =3) and RSDs ≤8.88% (n =9), respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/chemistry
  19. Chiral separation of vinpocetine using cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography
    Wan Ibrahim WA, Abd Wahib SM, Hermawan D, Sanagi MM, Aboul-Enein HY
    Chirality, 2012 Mar;24(3):252-4.
    PMID: 22271616 DOI: 10.1002/chir.21990
    A cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CD-MEKC) technique has been developed for enantioseparation of vinpocetine using an inexpensive 2-hydroxypropyl-β-CD (HP-β-CD) as the chiral selector (CS). The best chiral separation was achieved using 40 mM HP-β-CD as the CS in 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) consisting of 40 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at a separation temperature and separation voltage of 25°C and 25 kV, respectively. To the author's best knowledge, this is the first CD-MEKC study able to successfully separate the four stereoisomer of vinpocetine in separation time of 9.5 min and resolution of 1.04-3.87.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/chemistry
  20. Cloning, Production and Characterization of a Glycoside Hydrolase Family 7 Enzyme from the Gut Microbiota of the Termite Coptotermes curvignathus
    Woon JS, King PJH, Mackeen MM, Mahadi NM, Wan Seman WMK, Broughton WJ, et al.
    Mol Biotechnol, 2017 Jul;59(7):271-283.
    PMID: 28573450 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0015-x
    Coptotermes curvignathus is a termite that, owing to its ability to digest living trees, serves as a gold mine for robust industrial enzymes. This unique characteristic reflects the presence of very efficient hydrolytic enzyme systems including cellulases. Transcriptomic analyses of the gut of C. curvignathus revealed that carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZy) were encoded by 3254 transcripts and that included 69 transcripts encoding glycoside hydrolase family 7 (GHF7) enzymes. Since GHF7 enzymes are useful to the biomass conversion industry, a gene encoding for a GHF7 enzyme (Gh1254) was synthesized, sub-cloned and expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Expressed GH1254 had an apparent molecular mass of 42 kDa, but purification was hampered by its low expression levels in shaken flasks. To obtain more of the enzyme, GH1254 was produced in a bioreactor that resulted in a fourfold increase in crude enzyme levels. The purified enzyme was active towards soluble synthetic substrates such as 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-cellobioside, 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-cellobioside and 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-lactoside but was non-hydrolytic towards Avicel or carboxymethyl cellulose. GH1254 catalyzed optimally at 35 °C and maintained 70% of its activity at 25 °C. This enzyme is thus potentially useful in food industries employing low-temperature conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium
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