Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 844 in total

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  1. Mehrnoush A, Mustafa S, Yazid AM
    Molecules, 2011 Dec 08;16(12):10202-13.
    PMID: 22158589 DOI: 10.3390/molecules161210202
    A 'Heat treatment aqueous two phase system' was employed for the first time to purify serine protease from kesinai (Streblus asper) leaves. In this study, introduction of heat treatment procedure in serine protease purification was investigated. In addition, the effects of different molecular weights of polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000, 6000 and 8000) at concentrations of 8, 16 and 21% (w/w) as well as salts (Na-citrate, MgSO₄ and K₂HPO₄) at concentrations of 12, 15, 18% (w/w) on serine protease partition behavior were studied. Optimum conditions for serine protease purification were achieved in the PEG-rich phase with composition of 16% PEG6000-15% MgSO₄. Also, thermal treatment of kesinai leaves at 55 °C for 15 min resulted in higher purity and recovery yield compared to the non-heat treatment sample. Furthermore, this study investigated the effects of various concentrations of NaCl addition (2, 4, 6 and 8% w/w) and different pH (4, 7 and 9) on the optimization of the system to obtain high yields of the enzyme. The recovery of serine protease was significantly enhanced in the presence of 4% (w/w) of NaCl at pH 7.0. Based on this system, the purification factor was increased 14.4 fold and achieved a high yield of 96.7%.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride/chemistry
  2. Hassan H, Othman MF, Razak HRA
    Curr Med Imaging, 2021;17(11):1271-1275.
    PMID: 33593263 DOI: 10.2174/1573405617666210216091202
    Bone metastases are a common source of malignancy in the skeleton and occur much more often than primary bone cancer. Several works were being performed to identify early markers for bone metastasis and novel drug targets to improve patients' quality of life. As some concerns exist with the [18F]sodiumfluoridein positron emission tomography (PET) bone imaging, there has been an increase in the number of targeted radiopharmaceutical markers for bone metastases imaging in its competitor, 68Ga. Since 18F properties are superior to those of 68Ga, there is a distinct motivation for developing 18F radiopharmaceuticals for bone metastases imaging.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Fluoride*
  3. Wardell JL, Jotani MM, Tiekink ERT
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2018 Dec 01;74(Pt 12):1851-1856.
    PMID: 30574387 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989018016389
    The asymmetric unit of the centrosymmetric title salt, C17H17F6N2O+·C2Cl3O2-, comprises a single ion-pair. The hy-droxy-O and ammonium-N atoms lie to the same side of the cation, a disposition maintained by a charge-assisted ammonium-N-H⋯O(hy-droxy) hydrogen bond [the Oh-Cm-Cm-Na (h = hy-droxy, m = methine, a = ammonium) torsion angle is 58.90 (19)°]. The piperidin-1-ium group is approximately perpendicular to the quinolinyl residue [Cq-Cm-Cm-Na (q = quinolin-yl) is -178.90 (15)°] so that the cation, to a first approximation, has the shape of the letter L. The most prominent feature of the supra-molecular association in the crystal is the formation of chains along the a-axis direction, being stabilized by charge-assisted hydrogen-bonds. Thus, ammonium-N+-H⋯O-(carboxyl-ate) hydrogen bonds are formed whereby two ammonium cations bridge a pair of carboxyl-ate-O atoms, leading to eight-membered {⋯O⋯HNH}2 synthons. The resulting four-ion aggregates are linked into the supra-molecular chain via charge-assisted hydroxyl-O-H⋯O-(carboxyl-ate) hydrogen bonds. The connections between the chains, leading to a three-dimensional architecture, are of the type C-X⋯π, for X = Cl and F. The analysis of the calculated Hirshfeld surface points to the importance of X⋯H contacts to the surface (X = F, 25.4% and X = Cl, 19.7%) along with a significant contribution from O⋯H hydrogen-bonds (10.2%). Conversely, H⋯H contacts, at 12.4%, make a relatively small contribution to the surface.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride; Sodium Chloride, Dietary
  4. Campbell NRC, Whelton PK, Orias M, Wainford RD, Cappuccio FP, Ide N, et al.
    J Hum Hypertens, 2023 Jun;37(6):428-437.
    PMID: 35581323 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-022-00690-0
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride; Sodium Chloride, Dietary/adverse effects
  5. Wong SY, Lee CC, Ashrafzadeh A, Junit SM, Abrahim N, Hashim OH
    PLoS One, 2016;11(10):e0164993.
    PMID: 27741315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164993
    Proteome analysis of the human hair remains challenging due to the poor solubility of hair proteins and the difficulty in their extraction. In the present study, we have developed a rapid extraction protocol for hair shaft protein using alkaline-based buffer. The new protocol accelerated the procedure by reducing the extraction time from at least a day to less than two hours and showed a protein recovery of 47.3 ± 3.72%. Further analyses of the extracted protein sample through sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis unveiled a total of 60 proteins, including 25 that were not previously reported. Identification of these proteins is anticipated to be crucial in helping to understand the molecular basis of hair for potential applications in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/chemistry
  6. Akbari S, Mahmood SM, Ghaedi H, Al-Hajri S
    Polymers (Basel), 2019 Jun 14;11(6).
    PMID: 31207965 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061046
    Copolymers of acrylamide with the sodium salt of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid-known as sulfonated polyacrylamide polymers-had been shown to produce very promising results in the enhancement of oil recovery, particularly in polymer flooding. The aim of this work is to develop an empirical model through the use of a design of experiments (DOE) approach for bulk viscosity of these copolymers as a function of polymer characteristics (i.e., sulfonation degree and molecular weight), oil reservoir conditions (i.e., temperature, formation brine salinity and hardness) and field operational variables (i.e., polymer concentration, shear rate and aging time). The data required for the non-linear regression analysis were generated from 120 planned experimental runs, which had used the Box-Behnken construct from the typical Response Surface Methodology (RSM) design. The data were collected during rheological experiments and the model that was constructed had been proven to be acceptable with the Adjusted R-Squared value of 0.9624. Apart from showing the polymer concentration as being the most important factor in the determination of polymer solution viscosity, the evaluation of the model terms as well as the Sobol sensitivity analysis had also shown a considerable interaction between the process parameters. As such, the proposed viscosity model can be suitably applied to the optimization of the polymer solution properties for the polymer flooding process and the prediction of the rheological data required for polymer flood simulators.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium
  7. Mehmood A, Alrajeh N, Mukherjee M, Abdullah S, Song H
    Sensors (Basel), 2018 Jun 01;18(6).
    PMID: 29865210 DOI: 10.3390/s18061787
    Although wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been the object of research focus for the past two decades, fault diagnosis in these networks has received little attention. This is an essential requirement for wireless networks, especially in WSNs, because of their ad-hoc nature, deployment requirements and resource limitations. Therefore, in this paper we survey fault diagnosis from the perspective of network operations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey from such a perspective. We survey the proactive, active and passive fault diagnosis schemes that have appeared in the literature to date, accenting their advantages and limitations of each scheme. In addition to illuminating the details of past efforts, this survey also reveals new research challenges and strengthens our understanding of the field of fault diagnosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Glutamate
  8. Haron H, Hiew I, Shahar S, Michael V, Ambak R
    PMID: 32260382 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072469
    Salt content in processed foods is high, and it is usually used as preservatives, stabilizers, and color enhancers in the products. Increased consumption of processed foods in the modern world has contributed to a high salt intake and thus increased the prevalence of hypertension among Malaysian populations. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and compare salt content in processed food products available in supermarkets and determine the percentage of processed food products exceeding the reference value stated in International Product Criteria (2016). The percentage of processed food products without salt and sodium labeling was determined in this study, in which 76.5% of unlabeled processed food products were made in Malaysia, while 23.5% were imported products. The food group with the highest average salt content was gravy and sauce (3.97 g/100 g), followed by soup (2.95 g/100 g), cheese (2.14 g/100 g), meat (1.37 g/100 g), fish (1.25 g/100 g), chicken (1.20 g/100 g), vegetables (1.18 g/100 g), butter and margarine (1.13 g/100 g), breakfast cereal (0.94 g/100 g), savory snacks (0.90 g/100 g), flatbread (0.86 g/100 g), sweet snacks (0.30 g/100 g), and potato (0.29 g/100 g). In addition, 79.5% of butter and margarine products had an average salt content above the reference value stated in the International Product Criteria, followed by gravy and sauce (79.3%), vegetables (72%), soup (50%), fish (49.2%), breakfast cereal (41%), cheese (36.6%), potato (36%), savory and sweet snacks (29.1), meat (12.5%) and chicken products (2.3%). Most processed food products available in local supermarkets were high in salt content.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium, Dietary*; Sodium Chloride, Dietary*
  9. Alamin AA, Gebreyesus MW, Mohamed I
    Trop Biomed, 2023 Jun 01;40(2):250-252.
    PMID: 37650413 DOI: 10.47665/tb.40.2.017
    Leishmaniasis is a widely spread zoonotic disease caused by the bite of infected sandflies, particularly in developing countries. Cutaneous leishmaniasis can have a diverse range of presentations, ranging from minor skin nodules to significant mucosal damage. However, nose involvement is infrequent. Our report highlights a 15-year-old female patient with a persistent skin lesion on her nose for three months, which is a rare manifestation of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The lesion started as a raised spot with a brownish-red color and a crust but eventually developed into an ulcer that spread over the entire lobe of the nose and even moved toward the eye. Microscopic examination revealed the presence of Leishmania amastigotes, and a biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The patient received daily intravenous sodium stibogluconate doses of 9 mg/kg for 20 days, and three weeks later, there was a significant clinical improvement, with the ulcer beginning to heal and no more amastigotes visible on microscopic examination. It is crucial to keep cutaneous leishmaniasis in mind as a possible diagnosis for patients with skin lesions, even in regions where the condition is not prevalent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antimony Sodium Gluconate/therapeutic use
  10. Abd Rahman RN, Ali MS, Sugiyama S, Leow AT, Inoue T, Basri M, et al.
    Protein Pept Lett, 2015;22(2):173-9.
    PMID: 25329331
    Geobacillus zalihae sp. nov., which produces a putative thermostable lipase, represents a novel species, with type strain T1. The characterisation of this intrinsically thermostable T1 lipase either physicochemically or structurally is an important task. The crystallisation of T1lipase in space was carried out using a High-Density Protein Crystal Growth (HDPCG) apparatus with the vapour diffusion method, and X-ray diffraction data were collected. The microgravity environment has improved the size and quality of the crystals as compared to earth grown crystal. The effect of microgravity on the crystallisation of T1 lipase was clearly evidenced by the finer atomic details at 1.35 A resolution. Better electron densities were observed overall compared with the Earth-grown crystals, and comparison shows the subtle but distinct conformations around Na(+) ion binding site stabilized via cation-π interactions. This approach could be useful for solving structure and function of lipases towards exploiting its potentials to various industrial applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium/metabolism
  11. Mawlud SQ
    PMID: 30359852 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.10.032
    Enhanced red and orange fluorescence emissions of Sm3+ Rare earth (RE) ions were observed in sodium‑zinc tellurite glasses embedded with silver and gold nanoparticles (NPs). The fine distribution of NPs in the glass matrix with an average diameter ~ 11.09 nm and ~3.86 nm for Ag and Au NPs respectively were confirmed by using transmission electron microscope (TEM). The embedding of Ag and Au NPs into the glass structure caused an increasing in the transition emission intensity of Sm3+ ions, which is ascribed to the progress of the presence of the localized surface Plasmon resonance (LSPR) indicating from the characteristic absorption peaks. The luminescence and absorption spectra have been discussed using a standard hypothesis Judd-Ofelt theory for a certain absorption transitions 6P3/2, 4I11/2, 6F11/2, 6F9/2, 6F7/2, 6F5/2, 6F3/2, 6H15/2, 6F1/2 and emission transitions 6H5/2, H7/2, 6H9/2 and H11/2 under 409 nm excitation of the Sm3+ ions. The decay life time curve exhibited a non-exponential behavior of the studied glass samples and the results were compared with the similar reported glasses. An efficient red and orange fluorescence emission illustrate that the Sm3+-doped sodium‑zinc tellurite embedded with Ag and Au NPs are potential materials for the laser illumination.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium
  12. Reddy KB, Dash S, Kallepalli S, Vallikanthan S, Chakrapani N, Kalepu V
    J Contemp Dent Pract, 2013 Nov 1;14(6):1028-35.
    PMID: 24858745
    The present study was conducted to compare the cleaning efficacy (debris and smear layer removal) of hand and two NiTi rotary instrumentation systems (K3 and ProTaper).
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Hypochlorite/therapeutic use
  13. Tan NH, Ponnudurai G
    Comp. Biochem. Physiol., B, 1992 May;102(1):103-9.
    PMID: 1526113
    1. Examination of the polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic (PAGE) and SDS-PAGE patterns of snake venoms shows that these patterns are useful for species differentiation (and hence identification) for snakes of certain genera but have only limited application for snakes from some other genera, due either to the marked individual variations in the venoms or the lack of marked interspecific differences within the same genus. 2. There is no substantial intersubspecific difference in the electrophoretic patterns of the venoms. 3. In general there are no common characteristics in the electrophoretic patterns of the venom at the generic level because of the wide variations in the electrophoretic patterns of venoms of snakes within the same genus. 4. At the familial level, the venoms of Elapidae exhibited SDS-PAGE patterns distinct from those of Crotalidae.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
  14. Wakabayashi H, Wijayanto T, Lee JY, Hashiguchi N, Saat M, Tochihara Y
    PMID: 24490869 DOI: 10.1186/1880-6805-33-5
    This study investigated the effect of hydration differences on body fluid and temperature regulation between tropical and temperate indigenes exercising in the heat.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium/blood
  15. Greenwood MP, Mecawi AS, Hoe SZ, Mustafa MR, Johnson KR, Al-Mahmoud GA, et al.
    Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 2015 Apr 01;308(7):R559-68.
    PMID: 25632023 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00444.2014
    Salt loading (SL) and water deprivation (WD) are experimental challenges that are often used to study the osmotic circuitry of the brain. Central to this circuit is the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus, which is responsible for the biosynthesis of the hormones, arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT), and their transport to terminals that reside in the posterior lobe of the pituitary. On osmotic challenge evoked by a change in blood volume or osmolality, the SON undergoes a function-related plasticity that creates an environment that allows for an appropriate hormone response. Here, we have described the impact of SL and WD compared with euhydrated (EU) controls in terms of drinking and eating behavior, body weight, and recorded physiological data including circulating hormone data and plasma and urine osmolality. We have also used microarrays to profile the transcriptome of the SON following SL and remined data from the SON that describes the transcriptome response to WD. From a list of 2,783 commonly regulated transcripts, we selected 20 genes for validation by qPCR. All of the 9 genes that have already been described as expressed or regulated in the SON by osmotic stimuli were confirmed in our models. Of the 11 novel genes, 5 were successfully validated while 6 were false discoveries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride, Dietary/administration & dosage*
  16. Loh LC, Eg KP, Puspanathan P, Tang SP, Yip KS, Vijayasingham P, et al.
    Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, 2004 Mar;22(1):11-7.
    PMID: 15366653
    Airway inflammation can be demonstrated by the modem method of sputum induction using ultrasonic nebulizer and hypertonic saline. We studied whether compressed-air nebulizer and isotonic saline which are commonly available and cost less, are as effective in inducing sputum in normal adult subjects as the above mentioned tools. Sixteen subjects underwent weekly sputum induction in the following manner: ultrasonic nebulizer (Medix Sonix 2000, Clement Clarke, UK) using hypertonic saline, ultrasonic nebulizer using isotonic saline, compressed-air nebulizer (BestNeb, Taiwan) using hypertonic saline, and compressed-air nebulizer using isotonic saline. Overall, the use of an ultrasonic nebulizer and hypertonic saline yielded significantly higher total sputum cell counts and a higher percentage of cell viability than compressed-air nebulizers and isotonic saline. With the latter, there was a trend towards squamous cell contaminations. The proportion of various sputum cell types was not significantly different between the groups, and the reproducibility in sputum macrophages and neutrophils was high (Intraclass correlation coefficient, r [95%CI]: 0.65 [0.30-0.91] and 0.58 [0.22-0.89], p < 0.001). Overall changes in median FEV, were small and comparable between all groups. Induction using ultrasonic nebulizers together with hypertonic saline was generally less well tolerated than compressed-air nebulizers and isotonic saline. We conclude that in normal subjects, although both nebulizers and saline types can induce sputum with reproducible cellular profile, ultrasonic nebulizers and hypertonic saline are more effective but less well tolerated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride/administration & dosage
  17. Hashemi F, Hoepner L, Hamidinejad FS, Haluza D, Afrashteh S, Abbasi A, et al.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Jun;30(28):72368-72388.
    PMID: 37166731 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27197-6
    COVID-19 has affected all aspects of human life so far. From the outset of the pandemic, preventing the spread of COVID-19 through the observance of health protocols, especially the use of sanitizers and disinfectants was given more attention. Despite the effectiveness of disinfection chemicals in controlling and preventing COVID-19, there are critical concerns about their adverse effects on human health. This study aims to assess the health effects of sanitizers and disinfectants on a global scale. A total of 91,056 participants from 154 countries participated in this cross-sectional study. Information on the use of sanitizers and disinfectants and health was collected using an electronic questionnaire, which was translated into 26 languages via web-based platforms. The findings of this study suggest that detergents, alcohol-based substances, and chlorinated compounds emerged as the most prevalent chemical agents compared to other sanitizers and disinfectants examined. Most frequently reported health issues include skin effects and respiratory effects. The Chi-square test showed a significant association between chlorinated compounds (sodium hypochlorite and per-chlorine) with all possible health effects under investigation (p-value <0.001). Examination of risk factors based on multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that alcohols and alcohols-based materials were associated with skin effects (OR, 1.98; 95%CI, 1.87-2.09), per-chlorine was associated with eye effects (OR, 1.83; 95%CI, 1.74-1.93), and highly likely with itching and throat irritation (OR, 2.00; 95%CI, 1.90-2.11). Furthermore, formaldehyde was associated with a higher prevalence of neurological effects (OR, 2.17; 95%CI, 1.92-2.44). Furthermore, formaldehyde was associated with a higher prevalence of neurological effects (OR, 2.17; 95%CI, 1.92-2.44). The use of sodium hypochlorite and per-chlorine also had a high chance of having respiratory effects. The findings of the current study suggest that health authorities need to implement more awareness programs about the side effects of using sanitizers and disinfectants during viral epidemics especially when they are used or overused.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Hypochlorite/chemistry
  18. Low, Qin Jian, Chew, Soo Foong
    MyJurnal
    Both metformin and gliclazide have been used extensively in the management of type II diabetes mellitus. Metformin and gliclazide overdose can lead to severe hypoglycaemia refractory to intravenous (IV) dextrose rescue therapy. A 21-year-old man complained of vomiting and felt dizzy after four hours of taking 70 tablets of Metformin 500 mg and 40 tablets of Gliclazide 80 mg. He had major depressive disorder and wanted to commit suicide. He was given IV Dextrose 50% 50 cc immediately. Octreotide had been used successfully to reverse the refractory hypoglycaemia caused by gliclazide overdose. Unfortunately, he developed severe lactic acidosis with acute kidney injury. Dialysis had been done by continuous venovenous haemodiafiltrationa and intravenous sodium bicarbonate 8.4% infusion was given. However, the patient succumbed due to the severe lactic acidosis and kidney failure despite of urgent dialysis. Octreotide infusion helps in preventing refractory hypoglycaemia secondary to sulfonylurea overdose by inhibit calcium-mediated insulin release. Metformin overdose causes severe lactic acidosis due to conversion of glucose to lactate. Sodium bicarbonate therapy in metformin induced lactic acidosis is also controversial. Though sulfonylurea and metformin are the most commonly-prescribed anti-hypoglycaemic agents, thus during prescribing everyone has to be careful about the overdoses and side effects of these drugs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Bicarbonate
  19. Tsai JW, Liew HJ, Jhang JJ, Hung SH, Meng PJ, Leu MY, et al.
    Fish Physiol Biochem, 2018 Apr;44(2):489-502.
    PMID: 29192359 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0448-y
    The mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) naturally inhabits freshwater (FW; 1-3‰) and seawater (SW; 28-33‰) ponds in constructed wetland. To explore the physiological status and molecular mechanisms for salinity adaptation of the mosquitofish, cytoprotective responses and osmoregulation were examined. In the field study, activation of protein quality control (PQC) mechanism through upregulation of the abundance of heat shock protein (HSP) 90 and 70 and ubiquitin-conjugated proteins was found in the mosquitofish gills from SW pond compared to the individuals of FW pond. The levels of aggregated proteins in mosquitofish gills had no significant difference between FW and SW ponds. Furthermore, the osmoregulatory responses revealed that the body fluid osmolality and muscle water contents of the mosquitofish from two ponds were maintained within a physiological range while branchial Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) expression was higher in the individuals from SW than FW ponds. Subsequently, to further clarify whether the cellular stress responses and osmoregulation were mainly induced by hypertonicity, a laboratory salinity acclimation experiment was conducted. The results from the laboratory experiment were similar to the field study. Branchial PQC as well as NKA responses were induced by SW acclimation compared to FW-acclimated individuals. Taken together, induction of gill PQC and NKA responses implied that SW represents an osmotic stress for mosquitofish. Activation of PQC was suggested to provide an osmoprotection to prevent the accumulation of aggregated proteins. Moreover, an increase in branchial NKA responses for osmoregulatory adjustment was required for the physiological homeostasis of body fluid osmolality and muscle water content.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/genetics; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism*
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