Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 595 in total

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  1. Ab. Rahman, N.S., Abd. Majid F.A., Harisun, Y., Md. Salleh L.
    MyJurnal
    Effects of different types of solvent on the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Quercus infectoria extract have not been well documented. Therefore, extraction process was conducted using conventional Soxhlet extraction with six different types of solvent (100% methanol, ethanol, acetone, water and 70% methanol, and ethanol). High performance liquid chromatography was implemented to identify gallic acid and tannic acid in the extracts. Water extracts contained the highest concentration of both gallic acid and tannic acid compared to other types of solvent; 51.14 mg/g sample and 1332.88 mg/g sample of gallic acid and tannic acid. Meanwhile, antioxidant and antibacterial activity were tested using DPPH free radicals scavenging and disc diffusion assay. Results demonstrated that water extracts gave the highest antioxidant activity (approximately 94.55%), while acetone extract gave the largest inhibition zone for disc diffusion assay (19.00mm respectively). The results also revealed rich sources of gallic acid and tannic acid in Q. infectoria which might provide a novel source of these natural antioxidant and antibacterial activity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Solvents
  2. Abd Ali LI, Ibrahim WA, Sulaiman A, Kamboh MA, Sanagi MM
    Talanta, 2016 Feb 1;148:191-9.
    PMID: 26653440 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.10.062
    This study describes the synthesis, characterization and application of a new chrysin-based silica core-shell magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2-N-chrysin) as an adsorbent for the preconcentration of Cu(II) from aqueous environment. The morphology, thermal stability and magnetic property of Fe3O4@SiO2-N-chrysin were analyzed using FTIR, FESEM, TEM, XRD, thermal analysis and VSM. The extraction efficiency of Fe3O4@SiO2-N-chrysin was analyzed using the batch wise method with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Parameters such as the pH, the sample volume, the adsorption-desorption time, the concentration of the desorption solvent, the desorption volume, the interference effects and the regeneration of the adsorbent were optimized. It was determined that Cu(II) adsorption is highly pH-dependent, and a high recovery (98%) was achieved at a pH 6. The limit of detection (S/N=3), the limit of quantification (S/N=10), the preconcentration factor and the relative standard deviation for Cu(II) extraction were 0.3 ng mL(-1), 1 ng mL(-1), 100 and 1.9% (concentration=30 ng mL(-1), n=7), respectively. Excellent relative recoveries of 97-104% (%RSD<3.12) were achieved from samples from a spiked river, a lake and tap water. The MSPE method was also validated using certified reference materials SLRS-5 with good recovery (92.53%).
    Matched MeSH terms: Solvents
  3. Abd Aziz NA, Hasham R, Sarmidi MR, Suhaimi SH, Idris MKH
    Saudi Pharm J, 2021 Feb;29(2):143-165.
    PMID: 33679177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.12.016
    Medicinal plants have gained much interest in the prevention and treatment of common human disease such as cold and fever, hypertension and postpartum. Bioactive compounds from medicinal plants were synthesised using effective extraction methods which have important roles in the pharmaceutical product development. Orthosiphon aristatus (OA), Eurycoma longifolia (EL) and Andrographis paniculata (AP) are among popular medicinal herbs in Southeast Asia. The major compounds for these medicinal plants are polar bioactive compounds (rosmarinic acid, eurycomanone and andrographolide) which have multiple benefits to human health. The bioactive compounds are used as a drug to function against a variety of diseases with the support of scientific evidence. This paper was intended to prepare a complete review about the extraction techniques (e.g. OA, EL and AP) of these medicinal plants based on existing studies and scientific works. Suitable solvents and techniques to obtain their major bioactive compounds and their therapeutic potentials were discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Solvents
  4. Abd Halim NS, Wirzal MDH, Bilad MR, Md Nordin NAH, Adi Putra Z, Sambudi NS, et al.
    Polymers (Basel), 2019 Dec 17;11(12).
    PMID: 31861059 DOI: 10.3390/polym11122117
    Electrospun nanofiber membrane (NFM) has a high potential to be applied as a filter for produced water treatment due to its highly porous structure and great permeability. However, it faces fouling issues and has low mechanical properties, which reduces the performance and lifespan of the membrane. NFM has a low integrity and the fine mat easily detaches from the sheet. In this study, nylon 6,6 was selected as the polymer since it offers great hydrophilicity. In order to increase mechanical strength and separation performance of NFM, solvent vapor treatment was implemented where the vapor induces the fusion of fibers. The fabricated nylon 6,6 NFMs were treated with different exposure times of formic acid vapor. Results show that solvent vapor treatment helps to induce the fusion of overlapping fibers. The optimum exposure time for solvent vapor is 5 h to offer full retention of dispersed oil (100% of oil rejection), has 62% higher in tensile strength (1950 MPa) compared to untreated nylon 6,6 NFM (738 MPa), and has the final permeability closest to the untreated nylon 6,6 NFM (733 L/m2.h.bar). It also took more time to get fouled (220 min) compared to untreated NFM (160 min).
    Matched MeSH terms: Solvents
  5. Abd Hamid H, Mutazah R, Yusoff MM, Abd Karim NA, Abdull Razis AF
    Food Chem Toxicol, 2017 Oct;108(Pt B):451-457.
    PMID: 27725206 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.10.004
    Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. has a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects and has been used to treat wounds, colic diarrhoea, heartburns, abscesses and gynaecopathy. The potential antiproliferative activities of R. tomentosa extracts from different solvents were evaluated in vitro on HepG2, MCF-7 and HT 29 cell lines while antioxidant activity was monitored by radical scavenging assay (DPPH), copper reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and β-carotene bleaching assay. Extracts from R. tomentosa show the viability of the cells in concentration-dependent manner. According to the IC50 obtained, the ethyl acetate extracts showed significant antiproliferative activity on HepG2 (IC50 11.47 ± 0.280 μg/mL), MCF-7 (IC50 2.68 ± 0.529 μg/mL) and HT 29 (IC50 16.18 ± 0.538 μg/mL) after 72 h of treatment. Bioassay guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract led to the isolation of lupeol. Methanol extracts show significant antioxidant activities in DPPH (EC50 110.25 ± 0.005 μg/ml), CUPRAC (EC50 53.84 ± 0.004) and β-carotene bleaching (EC50 58.62 ± 0.001) due to the presence of high total flavonoid and total phenolic content which were 110.822 ± 0.017 mg butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)/g and 190.467 ± 0.009 mg gallic acid (GAE)/g respectively. Taken together, the results extracts show the R. tomentosa as a potential source of antioxidant and antiproliferative efficacy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Solvents/chemistry*
  6. Abdul Khalil HPS, Md. Sohrab Hossain, Nur Amiranajwa AS, Nurul Fazita MR, Mohamad Haafiz MK, Suraya N, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:833-839.
    This present study was conducted to produce defatted oil palm shell (OPS) nanoparticles. Wherein, the OPS nanoparticles
    were defatted by solvent extraction method. Several analytical methods including transmission electron microscope (TEM),
    X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), SEM energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX)
    and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) were used to characterize the untreated and defatted OPS nanoparticles. It was
    found that 75.3% OPS particles were converted into nanoparticles during ball milling. The obtained OPS nanoparticles had
    smaller surface area with angular, irregular and crushed shapes under SEM view. The defatted OPS nanoparticles did not
    show any agglomeration during TEM observation. However, the untreated OPS nanoparticles had higher decomposition
    temperature as compared to the defatted OPS nanoparticles. Based on the characterization results of the OPS nanoparticles,
    it is evident that the defatted OPS nanoparticles has the potentiality to be used as filler in biocomposites
    Matched MeSH terms: Solvents
  7. Abdul Rahman SNS, Chai YH, Lam MK
    J Environ Manage, 2024 Mar;355:120447.
    PMID: 38460326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120447
    This research explicitly investigates the utilization of Chlorella Vulgaris sp. microalgae as a renewable source for lipid production, focusing on its application in bioplastic manufacturing. This study employed the supercritical fluid extraction technique employing supercritical CO2 (sCO2) as a green technology to selectively extract and produce PHA's precursor utilizing CO2 solvent as a cleaner solvent compared to conventional extraction method. The study assessed the effects of three extraction parameters, namely temperature (40-60 °C), pressure (15-35 MPa), and solvent flow rate (4-8 ml/min). The pressure, flowrate, and temperature were found to be the most significant parameters affecting the sCO2 extraction. Through Taguchi optimization, the optimal parameters were determined as 60 °C, 35 MPa, and 4 ml/min with the highest lipid yield of 46.74 wt%; above-average findings were reported. Furthermore, the pretreatment process involved significant effects such as crumpled and exhaustive structure, facilitating the efficient extraction of total lipids from the microalgae matrix. This study investigated the microstructure of microalgae biomatrix before and after extraction using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized to assess the potential of the extracted material as a precursor for biodegradable plastic production, with a focus on reduced heavy metal content through inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analysis. The lipid extracted from Chlorella Vulgaris sp. microalgae was analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), identifying key constituents, including oleic acid (C18H34O2), n-Hexadecanoic acid (C16H32O2), and octadecanoic acid (C18H36O2), essential for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) formation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Solvents/chemistry
  8. Abdul Raman AA, Tan HW, Buthiyappan A
    Front Chem, 2019;7:774.
    PMID: 31799239 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00774
    For every ton of biodiesel produced, about 100 kg of glycerol is also generated as a by-product. The traditional method of removing glycerol is mainly by gravity separation or centrifugation. This method generates crude glycerol, which may still contain impurities such as methanol, oil, soap, salt, and other organic materials at ppm levels. The effective usage of crude glycerol is important to improve the economic sustainability of the biodiesel industry while reducing the environmental impacts caused by the generated waste. The application and value of crude glycerol can be enhanced if these impurities are removed or minimized. Thus, it is important to develop a method which can increase the economic and applicable value of crude glycerol. Therefore, in the present study, the dual step purification method comprised of acidification and ion exchange techniques has been used to purify the crude glycerol and convert it into higher-value products. The acidification process started with the pH adjustment of the crude glycerol, using phosphoric acid to convert soap into fatty acid and salts. Then, the pretreated glycerol was further purified by ion exchange with a strong cation H+ resin. Gas chromatography (GC) was used to analyze both crude and purified glycerol and expressed as the weight percentage of glycerol content. A maximum glycerol purity of 98.2% was obtained after the dual step purification method at the optimized conditions of 60% of solvent, the flow rate of 15 mL/min and 40 g of resin. Further, the glycerol content measured being within the accepted amount of BS 2621:1979. Therefore, this study has proven that the proposed crude glycerol purification process is effective in improving the glycerol purity and could enhance the applicability of glycerol in producing value-added products which bring new revenue to the biodiesel industry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Solvents
  9. Abdulbari HA, Basheer EAM
    Sci Rep, 2019 08 29;9(1):12576.
    PMID: 31467344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49071-7
    Directional solvent extraction is one of the promising membrane-less seawater desalination method. This technique was not extensively investigated due the poor mixing and separation performances of its bench-scale system. It is believed that, overcoming these drawbacks is possible now with the rapid development of microfluidics technology that enabled high-precession micro mixing and separation. This work presents microfluidics chip for extracting and separating salt from seawater. The chip was designed with two sections for extraction and separation. In both sections, the liquids were separated using capillary channels perpendicular to the main stream. The main channels were designed to be 400 µm in width and 100 µm in height. Two streams inlets were introduced through a Y-junction containing octanoic acid as the organic phase and saltwater as the aqueous phase. The desalination performance was investigated at four different temperatures and five different solvent flow rates. Water product salinity was recorded to be as low as 0.056% (w/w) at 60 °C and 40 mL/h. A maximum water yield of 5.2% was achieved at 65 °C and 40 mL/h with a very low solvent residual (70 ppm). The chip mass transfer efficiency was recorded to be as high as 68% under similar conditions. The fabricated microfluidic desalination system showed a significant improvement in terms of water yield and separation efficiency over the conventional macroscale. The high performance of this microsystem resulted from its ability to achieve a high mixing efficiency and separate phases selectively and that will provide a good platform in the near future to develop small desalination kits for personal use.
    Matched MeSH terms: Solvents
  10. Abdulkarim, S.M., Lai, O.M., Muhammad, S.K.S., Long, K., Ghazali, H.M.
    MyJurnal
    Solvent-extracted Moringa oleifera seed oil was transesterified using immobilized lipase (Lipozyme IM 60) (Novozymes Bagsvaerd Denmark) at 1% (w/w) concentration, shaken at 60oC and 200 rpm for up to 24h. After transesterification, the oil was fractionated with acetone at -18oC and without acetone at 10oC to obtain two fractions, stearin and olein fractions. Incubation of the transesterified oil at 10oC for 24 h resulted in the formation of fat crystals, which settled at the bottom of the flask in sample transesterified for 24 h, while the control (0 h) sample became rather viscous with fat crystals in suspension. Transesterification resulted in a change in the triacylglycerol (TAG) profile of the oil, which in turn affected its solid fat content (SFC) and thermal behavior. The SFC value at 0oC after 24 h of reaction was 10.35% and significantly (P
    Matched MeSH terms: Solvents
  11. Abdullah MA, Rahmah AU, Man Z
    J Hazard Mater, 2010 May 15;177(1-3):683-91.
    PMID: 20060641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.12.085
    Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn (kapok) is a natural sorbent that exhibits excellent hydrophobic-oleophilic characteristics. The effect of packing density, the oil types and solvent treatment on the sorption characteristics of kapok was studied in a batch system. Oil sorption capacity, retention capacity, entrapment stability and kapok reusability were evaluated. Based on SEM and FTIR analyses, kapok fiber was shown to be a lignocellulosic material with hydrophobic waxy coating over the hollow structures. Higher packing density at 0.08 g/ml showed lower sorption capacity, but higher percentage of dynamic oil retention, with only 1% of oil drained out from the test cell. Kapok remained stable after fifteen cycles of reuse with only 30% of sorption capacity reduction. The oil entrapment stability at 0.08 g/ml packing was high with more than 90% of diesel and used engine oil retained after horizontal shaking. After 8h of chloroform and alkali treatment, 2.1% and 26.3% reduction in sorption capacity were observed, respectively, as compared to the raw kapok. The rigid hollow structure was reduced to flattened-like structure after alkali treatment, though no major structural difference was observed after chloroform treatment. Malaysian kapok has shown great potential as an effective natural oil sorbent, owing to high sorption and retention capacity, structural stability and high reusability.
    Matched MeSH terms: Solvents
  12. Abdullah S, Jang SE, Kwak MK, Chong K
    J Microbiol, 2020 Dec;58(12):1054-1064.
    PMID: 33263896 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-020-0208-z
    Antiplasmodial nortriterpenes with 3,4-seco-27-norlanostane skeletons, almost entirely obtained from fruiting bodies, represent the main evidential source for bioactive secondary metabolites derived from a relatively unexplored phytopathogenic fungus, Ganoderma boninense. Currently lacking is convincing evidence for antimicrobial secondary metabolites in this pathogen, excluding that obtained from commonly observed phytochemicals in the plants. Herein, we aimed to demonstrate an efficient analytical approach for the production of antibacterial secondary metabolites using the mycelial extract of G. boninense. Three experimental cultures were prepared from fruiting bodies (GBFB), mycelium cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media (GBMA), and liquid broth (GBMB). Through solvent extraction, culture type-dependent phytochemical distributions were diversely exhibited. Water-extracted GBMB produced the highest yield (31.21 ± 0.61%, p < 0.05), but both GBFB and GBMA elicited remarkably higher yields than GBMB when polar-organic solvent extraction was employed. Greater quantities of phytochemicals were also obtained from GBFB and GBMA, in sharp contrast to those gleaned from GBMB. However, the highest antibacterial activity was observed in chloroform-extracted GBMA against all tested bacteria. From liquid-liquid extractions (LLE), it was seen that mycelia extraction with combined chloroform-methanol-water at a ratio of 1:1:1 was superior at detecting antibacterial activities with the most significant quantities of antibacterial compounds. The data demonstrate a novel means of assessing antibacterial compounds with mycelia by LLE which avoids the shortcomings of standardized methodologies. Additionally, the antibacterial extract from the mycelia demonstrate that previously unknown bioactive secondary metabolites of the less studied subsets of Ganoderma may serve as active and potent antimicrobial compounds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Solvents
  13. Abdullah Z, Tahir NM, Abas MR, Aiyub Z, Low BK
    Molecules, 2004 Jun 30;9(7):520-6.
    PMID: 18007451
    The reactions of 2-chloropyrimidine with methylamine, ethylamine and piperidine gave the corresponding 2-N-methylamino-, 2-N-ethylamino- and 2N- piperidinopyrimidines, respectively. The fluorescence properties of these alkylamino derivatives in chloroform, ethyl acetate, carbon tetrachloride, acetone, ether, ethanol and methanol were studied. All the alkylamino derivatives showed the highest fluorescence intensity in polar protic solvents; thus 2-N-methylaminopyrimidine (highest fluorescence intensity at 377 nm when excited at 282 nm) and 2-N-ethylaminopyrimidine (highest fluorescence intensity at 375 nm, when excited at 286 nm) showed the highest fluorescence in methanol. In ethanol, 2-N-piperidinopyrimidine showed a fluorescence peak at 403 nm when excited at 360 nm and in chloroform it fluoresced at 392 nm when excited at 356 nm.
    Matched MeSH terms: Solvents/chemistry
  14. Abdullah, Z., Halim, Z.I.A., Bakar, M.A.A., Idris, A.M.
    ASM Science Journal, 2009;3(1):39-44.
    MyJurnal
    3-Nitro-2-phenoxypyridine and 3-nitro-2-(4-methyl)phenoxypyridine were obtained when 2-chloro-3-nitropyridine was treated with phenol and p-cresol, respectively. Fluorescence studies were carried out in various solvents, in capped and uncapped conditions and for differing concentrations. Both 3-nitro-2-phenoxypyridine and 3-nitro-2-(4-methyl)phenoxypyridine were fluorescent compounds but 3-Nitro-2-(4-methyl)phenoxypyridine was more fluorescent than 3-nitro-2-phenoxypyridine in all the solvents used. The fluorescence intensity decreased with concentration and time.
    Matched MeSH terms: Solvents
  15. Abdulra'uf LB, Sirhan AY, Huat Tan G
    J Sep Sci, 2012 Dec;35(24):3540-53.
    PMID: 23225719 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200427
    The sample preparation step has been identified as the bottleneck of analytical methodology in chemical analysis. Therefore, there is need for the development of cost-effective, easy to operate, and environmentally friendly miniaturized sample preparation technique. The microextraction techniques combine extraction, isolation, concentration, and introduction of analytes into analytical instrument, to a single and uninterrupted step, and improve sample throughput. The use of liquid-phase microextraction techniques for the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables are discussed with the focus on the methodologies employed by different researchers and their analytical performances. Analytes are extracted using water-immiscible solvents and are desorbed into gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, or capillary electrophoresis for identification and quantitation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Solvents
  16. Abed KM, Hayyan A, Elgharbawy AAM, Hizaddin HF, Hashim MA, Hasan HA, et al.
    Molecules, 2022 Dec 09;27(24).
    PMID: 36557866 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248734
    This study concerns the role of activated carbon (AC) from palm raceme as a support material for the enhancement of lipase-catalyzed reactions in an aqueous solution, with deep eutectic solvent (DES) as a co-solvent. The effects of carbonization temperature, impregnation ratio, and carbonization time on lipase activity were studied. The activities of Amano lipase from Burkholderia cepacia (AML) and lipase from the porcine pancreas (PPL) were used to investigate the optimum conditions for AC preparation. The results showed that AC has more interaction with PPL and effectively provides greater enzymatic activity compared with AML. The optimum treatment conditions of AC samples that yield the highest enzymatic activity were 0.5 (NaOH (g)/palm raceme (g)), 150 min, and a carbonization temperature of 400 °C. DES was prepared from alanine/sodium hydroxide and used with AC for the further enhancement of enzymatic activity. Kinetic studies demonstrated that the activity of PPL was enhanced with the immobilization of AC in a DES medium.
    Matched MeSH terms: Solvents
  17. Abed SA, Sirat HM, Taher M
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2016 Nov;29(6):2071-2078.
    PMID: 28375126
    The leaves of Gynotroches axillaris were chemically and biologically studied. Sequential extraction of the leaves using petroleum ether, chloroform, and methanol afforded three extracts. Purification of pet. ether extract yielded, squalene and β-amyrin palmitate as the major compounds, together with palmitic acid and myristic acid as the minor components. The methanol extract yielded two flavonoids, quercitrin and epicatechin. The isolated compounds were characterized by MS, IR and NMR (1D and 2D). Anti-acetyl cholinesterase screening using TLC bio-autography assay showed that palmitic acid and myristic acid were the strongest inhibition with detection limit 1.14 and 1.28 μ/g/ 5 μL respectively. Antibacterial against Gram-positive and negative and antifungal activities exhibited that β-amyrin palmitate was the strongest (450-225 μ/mL) against all the tested microbes. The tyrosinase inhibition assay of extracts and the pure compounds were screened against tyrosinase enzyme. The inhibition percentage (I%) of methanol extract against tyrosinase enzyme was stronger than the other extracts with value 68.4%. Quercitrin (59%) was found to be the highest in the tyrosinase inhibition activity amongst the pure compounds. To the best of our knowledge, this is first report on the phytochemicals, tyrosinase inhibition, anti-acetycholinesterase and antimicrobial activities of the leaves of G. axillaris.
    Matched MeSH terms: Solvents/chemistry
  18. Abedini A, Daud AR, Abdul Hamid MA, Kamil Othman N, Saion E
    Nanoscale Res Lett, 2013;8(1):474.
    PMID: 24225302 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-8-474
    This review presents an introduction to the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles by radiation-induced method, especially gamma irradiation. This method offers some benefits over the conventional methods because it provides fully reduced and highly pure nanoparticles free from by-products or chemical reducing agents, and is capable of controlling the particle size and structure. The nucleation and growth mechanism of metallic nanoparticles are also discussed. The competition between nucleation and growth process in the formation of nanoparticles can determine the size of nanoparticles which is influenced by certain parameters such as the choice of solvents and stabilizer, the precursor to stabilizer ratio, pH during synthesis, and absorbed dose.
    Matched MeSH terms: Solvents
  19. Abou-Zied OK, Zahid NI, Khyasudeen MF, Giera DS, Thimm JC, Hashim R
    Sci Rep, 2015;5:8699.
    PMID: 25731606 DOI: 10.1038/srep08699
    Local heterogeneity in lipid self-assembly is important for executing the cellular membrane functions. In this work, we chemically modified 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (HBO) and attached a C8 alkyl chain in two different locations to probe the microscopic environment of four lipidic phases of dodecyl β-maltoside. The fluorescence change in HBO and the new probes (HBO-1 and HBO-2) shows that in all phases (micellar, hexagonal, cubic and lamellar) three HBO tautomeric species (solvated syn-enol, anionic, and closed syn-keto) are stable. The formation of multi tautomers reflects the heterogeneity of the lipidic phases. The results indicate that HBO and HBO-1 reside in a similar location within the head group region, whereas HBO-2 is slightly pushed away from the sugar-dominated area. The stability of the solvated syn-enol tautomer is due to the formation of a hydrogen bond between the OH group of the HBO moiety and an adjacent oxygen atom of a sugar unit. The detected HBO anions was proposed to be a consequence of this solvation effect where a hydrogen ion abstraction by the sugar units is enhanced. Our results point to a degree of local heterogeneity and ionization ability in the head group region as a consequence of the sugar amphoterism.
    Matched MeSH terms: Solvents
  20. Abu-Bakar NB, Makahleh A, Saad B
    J Sep Sci, 2016 Mar;39(5):947-55.
    PMID: 26718308 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501109
    A novel microextraction method based on vortex- and CO2 -assisted liquid-liquid microextraction with salt addition for the isolation of furanic compounds (5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, 5-methyl-2-furaldehyde, 2-furaldehyde, 3-furaldehyde, 2-furoic and 3-furoic acids) was developed. Purging the sample with CO2 was applied after vortexing to enhance the phase separation and mass transfer of the analytes. The optimum extraction conditions were: extraction solvent (volume), propyl acetate (125 μL); sample pH, 2.4; vortexing time, 45 s; salt concentration, 25% w/v and purging time, 5 min. The analytes were separated using an ODS Hypersil C18 column (250×4.6 mm i.d, 5 μm) under gradient flow. The proposed method showed good linearities (r(2) >0.999), low detection limits (0.08-1.9 μg/L) and good recoveries (80.7-122%). The validated method was successfully applied for the determination of the furanic compounds in concentrated juice (mango, date, orange, pomegranate, roselle, mangosteen and soursop) and dried fruit (prune, date and apricot paste) samples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Solvents
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